2019版高考英语一轮复习：第一周+星期二　阅读理解（科普知识类+健康环保类）+七选五+语法填空

2019版高考英语一轮复习：第一周+星期二　阅读理解（科普知识类+健康环保类）+七选五+语法填空

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·广东阳江阳春一中月考)‎ If you believe in thermometer(温度计)，you should believe in global warming.And if you believe in eating fries with your hamburger，you should worry more about carbon emissions.‎ It won’t happen overnight，but as the planet’s climate changes，the growth cycles of main crops will all be heavily affected.Here are three of the crops that might not beat the heat.‎ The potato actually needs a great deal of beauty rest to develop properly.“They need a cool nighttime temperature in order to start growing the tuber，the part that we eat，” Nelson says.‎ Temperature and altitude are two primary concerns in coffee growth，and farmers are stuck between a rock and a hard place.“We know that coffee grows in a certain temperature range，” Nelson says.“They’ve been moving up the mountains，but at some point you run out of mountains to move up.”Highergrade strains of Arabica coffee in Central American regions are at particular risk due to the need for lower growing temperature，especially since diseases and pests are also becoming more of a factor as temperatures rise.‎ Even if you’re looking at the direct effects of temperature alone，rice is in trouble.“As nighttime temperatures go up，the rice is going to have a problem flowering and won’t make as many seeds，” Nelson says.In addition to this direct heat consequence，rising sea levels will flood many rice fields and destroy water salinity levels，while droughts will lower production，raise prices，and further shame westerners who are too clumsy with chopsticks to be able to clear their plates once a new grain is adopted.‎ ‎1．What is the closest meaning to the underlined word “emissions” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．Mixture. B．Pollution.‎ C．Going down. D．Letting off.‎ ‎2．What does the potatoes’ development need according to Nelson?‎ A．Enough water and salt.‎ B．Cool temperature at night.‎ C．Much sunshine and fresh air.‎ D．Sudden rise of the temperature.‎ ‎3．The rice is difficult to flower，probably because .‎ A．sea levels go up suddenly B．the temperature rises at night C．many seeds can’t be produced D．both temperature and altitude rise ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．How Does Global Warming Affect Westerners B．How Does the Cool Temperature Affect Rice C．What Is the Real Reason for Crops’ Growth D．Three Crops That Won’t Survive Minor Climate Changes B ‎(2018·河北衡水中学大联考)‎ Whitecollar Workers Increasingly Unhealthy An increasing number of whitecollar workers in Shanghai are getting failing grades on their physical examinations，according to a white paper on the health of whitecollar workers in Shanghai.‎ Carried out by Shanghai Foreign Service Group，a human resources company，the report indicated that more than 53 percent of males are overweight,46 percent suffer from a fatty liver and about 26 percent have elevated blood lipids(血脂)．However，females are more often diagnosed as having breast lesions(乳房病变) that could lead to cancer (85 percent)，thyroid(甲状腺) disorder (34 percent) and hemorrhoids(痔疮) (23 percent)．‎ Though the report also found that whitecollar workers were paying increasing attention to their health—with about 84 percent saying they followed their condition closely or very closely—those with healthy lifestyles dropped to 64 percent last year from 77 percent in 2015.‎ The report came from about 500,000 physical exams taken by whilecollar workers in Shanghai over the past five years.“I always eat and drink too much and never exercise，” said Wei Ruoxi，a 26yearold girl working in finance who is struggling with being overweight.“I know what a healthy lifestyle looks like，but the job just brings too much pressure and squeezes out the exercise time，”she added.Hu Xiaolong,30，an accountant in Shanghai，said he was determined to live healthily from now on.“My recent physical examination shows a little shadow in the lung，which startled me when I heard it.I really need to quit bad habits like smoking and staying up late.”‎ The white paper also showed that more people are turning to commercial health insurance to cope with financial risks caused by health problems.The popularity of insurance purchases among the participants reached 15.3 percent last year，a rise of 4 percentage points in just one year.Most participants also expected their companies to help them with effective health management，such as offering membership cards for gyms，flexible working schedules and regular physical examinations.‎ ‎5．The female whitecollar workers with breast lesions suffer from most.‎ A．breast lesions B．fatty liver C．hemorrhoids D．cancer ‎6．What does the underlined word “startled” in the 4th paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Confused. B．Curious.‎ C．Shocked. D．Annoyed.‎ ‎7．The main idea of the last paragraph is that .‎ A．more and more whitecollar workers have realized their health problems B．the health insurance firm has profited from whitecollar workers C．people are trying to handle the whitecollar workers’ health problems D．companies have taken measures to improve whitecollar workers’ health ‎8．In which column of a newspaper do we probably find the passage?‎ A．Health. B．Business.‎ C．People. D．Technology.‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018·河北衡水中学大联考)‎ Tips for Making Small Talk Some people are not good at small talk.Making small talk doesn’t have to be either awkward or boring. 9 ‎ ‎•Have some conversation starters ready.‎ When you are sharing the same experience with someone，it’s easy to start a conversation. 10 If you are at a party and a song comes on that you like or that reminds you of something，you can talk about that.‎ ‎•Ask openended(开放式的) questions.‎ These types of questions require more thoughts and more than a simple oneword answer.If you ask questions that need more details to answer，the conversation will go on longer.If you are at a summer pool party，don’t ask people if they like summer. 11 ‎ ‎•Become a student.‎ Nobody knows everything.So，as someone is answering one of your openended questions，they raise something about which you know nothing.So，tell them！ 12 They feel good about sharing their knowledge and you get to learn something.It’s a winwin situation.‎ ‎• 13 ‎ Some people do not like their jobs or maybe they don’t want to talk about them.So，instead of asking，“What do you do for a living？”Ask something like，“So，what have you been doing these days？” or “So，what have you been up to？”One general question can contribute to an opportunity to share something you have in common.Ask people about their families，their passions，their ambitions or even their fears.However，balance these questions with comments about yourself.Asking too many questions may make people feel they are in an interview rather man in a conversation.‎ A．Don’t ask，“So，what do you do？”‎ B．This lets the other person become the teacher.‎ C．By doing so，you can show that you are a modest person.‎ D．Here are some tips to improve your smalltalking ability.‎ E．Instead，ask them what they like or dislike about summer.‎ F．It can be a lot of fun if you practice doing it，again and again.‎ G．You simply notice and comment on what’s going on around you.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2017·河北衡水中学五调)‎ Also 14. (know) as “paper paintings” and “painted pictures”，New Year paintings are 15. unique art form in Chinese folk culture.The paintings are called “New Year paintings” because they are 16. (most) posted during the Chinese New Year holiday 17. decoration and they are also a symbol of New Year’s greetings.‎ New Year paintings 18. (appear) around the Tang Dynasty，replacing the previous door pictures 19. (feature) the gods believed to be able to protect the residents and drive away ghosts.In the Song Dynasty，New Year paintings were created on a large scale.With the advancement of printing technology，the content and forms of New Year paintings became 20. (diversity)．The development of the paintings matured in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，21. the art hit its heyday(全盛期)．‎ Traditional printing 22. (method) of New Year paintings include woodblock printing，stoneblock printing，offset printing，traditional Chinese painting，watercolor painting and sketches，etc.Woodblock printed New Year paintings 23. (be) the most popular and interesting ones.‎ 答案精析 Ⅰ.‎ ‎1．D　[词义猜测题。carbon emissions意为“碳排放”。let off放，放出，意思与之相近，故选D。]‎ ‎2．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The potato...need a cool nighttime temperature in order to start growing the tuber，the part that we eat”可知，土豆的成长需要凉爽的夜间温度。故选B。]‎ ‎3．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As nighttime temperatures go up，the rice is going to have a problem flowering and won’t make as many seeds”可知大米很难开花是因为夜间气温升高。故选B。]‎ ‎4．D　[标题归纳题。根据第二段最后一句“Here are three of the crops that might not beat the heat.”可知文章主要介绍了三种无法在气候变化中生存下来的作物。故选D。]‎ ‎5．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“However，females are more often diagnosed as having breast lesions(乳房病变) that could lead to cancer”可知乳腺病变的女白领最容易患上癌症。故选D。]‎ ‎6．C　[词义猜测题。根据前半句“My recent physical examination shows a little shadow in the lung”及下句“I really need to quit bad habits like smoking and staying up late.”可知，医疗检查中发现了他肺部的异常，由常识推知他感到很震惊。故选C。]‎ ‎7．C　[段落大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“Most participants also expected their companies to help them with effective health management，such as offering membership cards for gyms，flexible working schedules and regular physical examinations.”可知，大多数被调查者都希望公司能够帮助他们实现有效的健康管理，例如提供健身房会员卡、弹性工作时间和定期体检等，也就是说人们正在设法解决白领工人的健康问题。故选C。]‎ ‎8．A　[文章出处题。因为本文谈论的是健康问题，所以文章最有可能来自报纸的Health一栏。故选A。]‎ Ⅱ.‎ ‎9．D　[根据上文“一些人不擅长闲聊。闲聊既不要令人尴尬又不能使人无聊。”再根据下文内容，可知此空起承上启下的作用，旨在引出下面关于提高聊天技能的建议。故选D。]‎ ‎10．G　[根据上文“当你和别人分享同样的经历时，很容易就可以开启一个话题。”再根据空格后一句“如果你在一个聚会上，出现了一首你喜欢的歌，或者那首歌让你想起了一些事情，你就可以谈论这些。”可知此空应与“周围发生的事情”相关。故选G。]‎ ‎11．E　[根据上句“如果你参加夏季泳池派对，不要问别人是否喜欢夏天。相反，可以问他们喜欢或不喜欢夏天的什么。”可知选E。]‎ ‎12．B　[根据小标题“Become a student.”及空格后一句“他们乐于分享他们的知识而你也学到了东西。”可知此处指这让其他的人变成了老师。故选B。]‎ ‎13．A　[根据下文“一些人不喜欢他们的工作或者是他们不想谈论他们的工作。”可知A项(不要问“你是干什么的？”)符合题意。]‎ Ⅲ.14.known　15.a　16.mostly　17.for　18.appeared　19.featuring　20.diverse/diversified　21.when　22.methods　23.are