2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit4Pygmalion单元学案（25页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit4Pygmalion单元学案（25页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit4Pygmalion 单元学案 单元基础知识过关复习 核心词汇 ‎1．I couldn’t sleep because the bed was so____________(不舒服的)．‎ ‎2．The secretary is very careful and never____________(忽略)any little points in her daily work.‎ ‎3．He did not_____________(犹豫)to jump into the river to save the drowning child. ‎ ‎4．When he opened his mouth to speak，his strong accent at once ____________(暴露)the fact that he was from the south of China.‎ ‎5．Being short of money is a bit____________(使人心烦的)but we will do whatever we can to solve the problem.‎ ‎6．Luckily，he made a large____________(大笔的钱)by dealing with foreigners in tea.‎ ‎7．The man was____________(判刑) to six years in prison for treating his wife cruelly.‎ ‎8．As soon as lessons are over you must make each other’s ____________(相识，了解)．‎ ‎9．Yesterday her old mother____________me for her daughter.‎ That means I was ____________for her daughter.In fact she often makes the same____________.(mistake)‎ ‎10．用adapt的适当形式填空 ‎(1)He is working on a screen____________of his latest novel.‎ ‎(2)Older workers can be as____________and quick to learn as anyone else.‎ ‎(3)It took him a while to____________himself to his new surroundings.‎ ‎1.uncomfortable　2.overlooks　3.hesitate　4.betrayed　5.troublesome　6.fortune　7.condemned　8.acquaintance 9.mistook；mistaken；mistake　10.(1)adaption　(2)adaptable　(3)adapt 高频短语 ‎1．________________ 伪装(的)；假扮的 ‎2．________________ (把某人)改变或冒充成……‎ ‎3．________________ 结识；与……相见 ‎4．________________ 一般来说 ‎5．________________ 就……来说，从……角度 ‎6．________________ 抢劫某人某物 ‎7．________________ 带/领……进来 ‎8．________________ 再一次 ‎9．________________ (声音、画面)逐渐模糊； 渐淡 ‎10．________________ 把某人当下流人对待 ‎1.in disguise　2.pass...off as...　3.make one’s acquaintance　4.generally speaking　5.in terms of...　6.rob sb.of sth.　7.show...in　8.once more　9.fade out,10.treat sb.like dirt 重点句式 ‎1．But they betray themselves_____________they open their mouths.‎ 但是，他们每次开口说话时都会暴露自己。‎ ‎2．What other things show one’s status in society______________how one speaks?‎ 除了一个人的言谈用辞，还有什么会显示他(她)的社会地位？‎ ‎3．__________________if_________________ about this disgusting thing you want me to do...‎ 要是我知道你们想让我做这样令人厌恶的事情， 我决不会来……‎ ‎4．Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting ________________.‎ 亨利·希金斯正与皮克林上校坐着进行深入的交谈。‎ ‎5．But，sir，(proudly)____________to speak properly，that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party.‎ 但是，先生，一旦被教以恰当的谈吐方式，这个女孩会在三个月后就可以冒充大使花园聚会上的贵妇人。‎ ‎1.every time　2.apart from　3.I’d never have come；I’d known　4.deep in conversation　5.once educated 知识详解 ‎1 .betray　vt.　泄露(秘密)；出卖，背叛 ‎(回归课本P29)But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.‎ 但是，他们每次开口说话时都会暴露自己。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ betray a secret to sb. 向某人泄露秘密 betray one’s trust 辜负某人的信任 betray oneself 暴露本来面目，原形毕露 ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(朗文P168)There are people who are prepared to betray their country for money.‎ 有些人准备为钱财背叛祖国。‎ ‎②(牛津P174)For years they had been betraying state secrets to Russia.‎ 他们多年来一直在向俄罗斯泄露国家机密。‎ ‎③(牛津P174)She felt betrayed when she found out the truth about him.‎ 她发现他的真实情况后，感到受了欺骗。‎ ‎④(牛津P174)She betrayed his trust over and over again.‎ 她一次又一次地辜负了他的信任。‎ ‎1．完成句子 ‎(1)他伪装得很好，可是一开口说话就原形毕露了。‎ He had a good disguise，but as soon as he spoke he________ _________.‎ 答案：betrayed himself ‎(2)他把朋友出卖给敌人，这使我们非常吃惊。‎ He________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，which surprised us all.‎ 答案：betrayed his friends to the enemy ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎2 .hesitate　vi. 　犹豫；踌躇 ‎(回归课本P29)A gentleman (G)passes and hesitates for a moment.‎ 这时有位先生(简称先)从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P959)Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any queries.‎ 如果有疑问请尽管和我联系。‎ ‎②(牛津P959)I didn’t hesitate for a moment about taking the job.‎ 我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。‎ ‎③(牛津P959)I have no hesitation in recommending her for the job.‎ 我毫不犹豫地推荐她做这项工作。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎2．(2009年高考福建卷)We are at your service.Don’t ________to turn to us if you have any further problems.‎ A．beg　　　　　　　　 B．hesitate C．desire D．seek 解析：选B。句意：我们愿意为你效劳。如果你还有什么问题尽管找我们。beg祈求；desire希望得到(某物)，想要；seek to do sth.努力做某事。hesitate to do sth. 不情愿做某事。‎ ‎3 .condemn　vt.　谴责；使……注定 ‎(回归课本P30)(rudely)Look at this girl with her terrible English：the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.‎ ‎(粗鲁地)你瞧那个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕，命中注定要在贫民窟里呆一辈子了。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P410)He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.‎ 他因凶杀罪被判处死刑后被绞死。‎ ‎②(朗文P412)If you don’t learn from the past，you are condemned to repeat its mistakes.‎ 如果你不从过去吸取教训的话，就注定要重复以前的错误。‎ ‎③(朗文P412)She knew that society will condemn her for leaving her children.‎ 她知道社会会因她离弃自己的孩子而谴责她。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎3．—The media strongly ________the drunken drivers for their behaviors.‎ ‎—He deserved to be punished.‎ A．inspected　　　　　　 B．condemned C．calculated D．praised 解析：选B。句意：“媒体强烈谴责醉酒司机的行为。”“他该受罚。”condemn“谴责”，符合句意。inspect“检查；视察”；calculate“计算”；praise“表扬”。‎ ‎4 .compromise　n．　妥协；和解；折衷　‎ ‎　　　　　　v. 　妥协；让步；违背，放弃 ‎(回归课本P34)(compromises) OK，I’ll teach you.‎ ‎(提出折衷办法)好吧，我教你。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(朗文P406)Talks are continuing in the hope that the two sides will reach a compromise.‎ 为了双方达成妥协，谈判在继续进行。 ‎ ‎②(江苏高考)Most important of all，it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.‎ 最重要的是，通过相互妥协相互协商来作决定总是明智的。‎ ‎③In my view，it’s wise of you to compromise with her.‎ 以我看来，你和她妥协是明智之举。‎ ‎④We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards.‎ 我们不愿在安全标准问题上妥协。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎4．为了和谐地生活，有时你需要做出让步。‎ In order to live in harmony，sometimes you need to ________ ________.‎ 答案：make compromises ‎5 .acquaintance　n. 　相识；了解；熟人 ‎(回归课本P30)And I came to England to make your acquaintance!‎ 我也正是到英国来找你的 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P16)Claire has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.克莱尔交友很广。‎ ‎②(牛津P16)I am delighted to make your acquaintance，Mrs.Baker.贝克太太，我很高兴与你相识。 ‎ ‎③I have some acquaintance with French，but I do not know it well.我懂得一点法语，但不精通。‎ ‎④My father has a nodding acquaintance with the professor.‎ 我父亲与这位教授有点头之交。‎ ‎⑤All our employees are fully acquainted with safety precautions.‎ 我们所有的雇员都非常熟悉安全预防措施。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎5．我很久以前一直盼望着与她结识。‎ I’d been looking forward to ________ ________ ________ for a long time.‎ 答案：making her acquaintance ‎6 .fortune　 n．　财产，大笔的钱；机会；运气 ‎(回归课本P30)A fortune!‎ 一笔财富呀！‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(牛津P803)That ring must be worth a fortune.‎ 那枚戒指肯定要值很多钱。‎ ‎②(辽宁高考)But if you don’t work hard，no fortune will come.‎ 但是如果你不努力，机遇是不会来的。‎ ‎③When he was young，he would dream of making a fortune.‎ ‎ 当他小时，他常常梦想发大财。‎ ‎④(牛津P803)I was fortunate in having a good teacher.‎ 我很幸运，有位好老师。‎ ‎⑤Fortunately，his stepmother was very kind to him.‎ 幸运的是，他的继母对他非常好。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎6．The millionaire passed away, leaving his children with a large________.‎ A．fortune　　　　　　 B．luck C．money D．amount 解析：选A。考查名词辨析。句意：这位百万富翁去世了，留给他的孩子们一大笔财产。a large fortune庞大的财富。money不能和a large 搭配。‎ ‎7 .generally speaking　一般来说 ‎(回归课本P30)Generally speaking，people are more polite to those who they think are of a higher social class(H)and less polite to those they consider are members of a lower class(L)．‎ 一般而言，人们对他们认为是高层社会的人更有礼貌，对于他们认为是低层社会的成员不太礼貌。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①(朗文P860)Generally speaking，older people are less able to speak up for their rights.‎ 一般说来，年纪大一些的人维护自己权利的能力弱一些。‎ ‎②Generally speaking，those who pay attention to physical exercise are in good health.‎ 一般来说，那些注意体育锻炼的人身体健康状况良好。‎ ‎③Honestly speaking，I don’t agree with you.‎ 诚实地说，我不赞成你。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎7．________，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.‎ A．General speaking　　　　　　　B．Speaking general C．Generally speaking D．Speaking generally ‎ 解析：选C。本题考查插入语。generally speaking表示“一般来说”。‎ ‎8 .in terms of...　就……来说；从……角度 ‎(回归课本P31)Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar，spelling，etc.，so that she can use them properly.‎ 从语法、拼写等方面改正这些句子，好让她使用恰当。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎①In terms of natural resources，it is one of the poorest countries in Western Europe.‎ 从自然资源来看，它是西欧最穷的国家之一。‎ ‎②In terms of money I’m quite rich，but not in terms of happiness.金钱，我富有；幸福，我缺乏。‎ ‎③Let each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices.‎ 让每一个孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好选择书籍阅读。‎ ‎④ (牛津P2084)Such a development seems unlikely，at least in the short term.‎ 发生这样的情况看来可能性不大，起码短期之内应当如此。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎8．I think I am probably quite different from Harry.But I think we’re both quite reserved________how much we show our feelings.‎ A．in terms of　　　　　　 B．in need of ‎ C．in place of D．in spite of 解析：选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：我认为我可能与Harry 有很大的不同。但我认为我们在克制情感的表达这一点上倒有几分相似。in terms of 意为“就……来说，从……角度”。in need of 需要；in place of 代替，顶替；in spite of 尽管，虽然。‎ ‎9．学习并不总是那么简单，但从长远看它总是有益的。‎ Learning is not always easy，but it is always beneficial ________‎ ‎ ________ ________ ________.‎ 答案：in the long term 句型梳理 ‎1【教材原句】　But，sir，(proudly)once educated to speak properly，that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party.(P30)‎ 但是，先生，一旦被教以恰当的谈吐方式，这个女孩在三个月后就可以冒充大使花园聚会上的贵妇人。‎ ‎【句法分析】　(1)once可作连接词，引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。‎ ‎①Once you have made up your mind，you should stick to it.‎ 一旦你下定决心，就应该坚持下去。‎ ‎②We didn’t know what to do next once the money had run out.‎ 一旦钱花光了，我们就不知道下一步做什么了。‎ ‎③(福建高考)You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence.‎ 一旦你有信心，你面试就能成功。‎ ‎(2)状语从句的省略。‎ 由once，if，as，unless，when，though，although等引导的状语从句，如果主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句中谓语动词是be＋v.ed或v.ing形式，或从句中主谓结构为It is(was)＋adj.时，其从句结构可省略为以上连词加v.ed，v.ing或adj.。‎ ‎④Once the time is set，it cannot be changed.‎ ‎＝Once set，the time cannot be changed.‎ 时间一旦被设定就不能更改。‎ ‎⑤When I was waiting for a bus，I met Tom.‎ ‎＝When waiting for a bus，I met Tom.‎ 我在等车时碰到了汤姆。‎ ‎⑥Though he was young，he knew a lot of English.‎ ‎＝Though young，he knew a lot of English.‎ 尽管年龄很小，但他懂得很多英语。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎10．________environmental damage is done，it takes many years for the ecosystem(生态系统)to recover.‎ A．Even if 　　　　　　　 B．If only ‎ C．While D．Once 解析：选D。once作连词，引导条件状语从句。句意：一旦环境遭到损害，就需要许多年才能使生态系统恢复。even if 引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”；if only 意为“要是……就好了”，引导感叹句，句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气；while 意为“当…… 的时候”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎11．—How are they getting on with their work?‎ ‎ —All goes well as_________.‎ A．to be planned B．being planned C．planned D．planning 解析：选C。考查状语从句的省略。此处as后面省略了it was。‎ ‎2【教材原句】　Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep_in_conversation.(P34)‎ 亨利·希金斯正与皮克林上校坐着进行深入的交谈。‎ ‎【句法分析】　deep in sth.专心；全神贯注；深陷；形容词短语作伴随状语。‎ ‎①He was deep in thought when I saw him.‎ 我看见他时他正陷入沉思。‎ ‎②He is often so deep in his books that he forgets to eat.‎ 他常常专心于读书以致忘了吃饭。‎ ‎③Absorbed in the book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.‎ 陷入读书之中，他没注意到我进入房间。‎ ‎12．(2010年高考安徽卷)________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.‎ A．Shy and cautious ‎ B．Sensitive and thoughtful C．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic 解析：选D。考查形容词作状语的用法。由后半句的“她用自己的微笑把阳光传播给人们”可知，她无忧无虑而且非常乐观。故选D项。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎13．________in the mountains for a week，the two students were finally saved by the local police.‎ A．Having lost　　　　　　 B．Lost C．Being lost D．Losing 解析：选B。be lost“迷路”，排除A、D，C项多用于表示动作正在进行。根据语境，该动作已经完成，故排除C项。 ‎ 单元综合知识运用检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2018·湖南省衡阳市第八中学月考)‎ The National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC has thousands of objects on display, including the 1903 Wright Flyer, Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis, the Apollo 11 Command Module Columbia, and a lunar rock you can touch. In addition to our exhibition galleries, you may want to visit the Albert Einstein Planetarium, Lockheed Martin IMAX Theater, and the Public Observatory on the east end. There are many things to do at the Museum in DC. We offer daily tours and educational activities for both children and adults. We also have scheduled lectures and events throughout the year.‎ Hours and Admission：Open every day except December 25. Admission is free.‎ Regular Hours：10：00 a．m. to 5：30 p．m.‎ Extended Hours: 10：00 a．m. to 7：30 p．m.‎ December 26——30,2014 ‎ March 30——April 20, 2015‎ Fridays and Saturdays, April 24——May 16,2015‎ May 17——September 7, 2015 ‎ VISITING TIPS：‎ Limit the number of bags: All visitors are screened through metal detectors upon entry. The fewer items you bring inside the Museum, the faster your entry. Before you visit, please review the list of prohibited items，which include pocket knives and tripods(三脚架). Visitors carrying prohibited items will not be allowed inside the Museum, so please leave them at home or in your car.‎ No Food or Drink: Only bottled water is permitted in the Museum. You may only consume food and other drinks in the Food Court, not in the Museum. Groups who bring food are encouraged to picnic on the National Mall.‎ Please Take Photos: You are welcome to take photos for personal use. However, tripods and monopods(单脚架)are not permitted without approval.‎ First Aid：The Museum has a First Aid office and a nurse on duty. Please contact the nearest security officer or the Welcome Center for assistance.‎ Visit the Welcome Center: At our Welcome Center in the South Lobby, staff and volunteers can answer any questions you have during your visit.‎ Open：10：00 a．m. to 5：30 p．m.‎ Phone：2026332214‎ Email：NASM－visitorservice@si.edu ‎1．According to the passage, the National Air and Space Museum is a museum ________.‎ A．where only adults can take part in some educational activities B．everyone can pay a visit to without buying tickets C．where one can touch anything he likes ‎ D．everyone can visit without time limits all the year round ‎2．A visitor to the Museum can ________.‎ A．eat and drink in the Museum or in the Food Court B．take photos with tripods for personal use ‎ C．bring fewer bags to go through metal detectors D．get some medical treatment if he suddenly falls ill ‎3．The purpose of this passage is to ________.‎ A．make an advertisement for the museum B．attract people to explore the universe ‎ C．encourage adults to bring their children there D．show what is on display in the museum 答案与解析 本文是一篇航空航天博物馆的广告。向游客介绍了入馆参观的相关注意事项。基本上每个注意事项都涉及到了。‎ ‎1．B　事实细节题。题意为“根据本文的叙述，下面哪一项符合国家航空航天博物馆的相关规定？” A．意为“在这里，只有成年游客才能参加一些教育类的活动”。B.意为“任何人都可以进去参观，不用买门票”。C.意为“在该博物馆里，人们可以触摸任何他喜欢的东西”。D.意为“一年到头，任何人都可以不受时间限制地来博物馆参观”。根据文中的“Admission is free.”可知，门票是免费的。故答案为B。‎ ‎2．D　事实细节题。题意为“入馆参观者能做以下四项活动中哪一项？”‎ A.为可以在博物馆里面吃东西；B.为可以带摄影用的三脚架入馆；C.为将数量极少的包带进博物馆。根据文意，这三项都是不允许的。D.为参观者如果突然病倒，可以获得医疗救助。根据“The Museum has a First Aid office and a nurse on duty.”可知，这是符合文意的。故答案为D。‎ ‎3．A　主旨大意题。题意为“本文的写作目的是什么？”。A.为给博物馆做广告；B.为吸引人们探索宇宙；C.为鼓励成年人把孩子们带到那里去。D.为展现博物馆里展出的东西。由本文的内容可以看出，是为了给博物馆做广告。故答案为A。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2017·哈师大附中月考)‎ John graduated from a key university and he was very good at his major. He wished to find a good job. One day, he went to a company to __1__ for a job. He got the news in a newspaper. He did some research on this company. When he was __2__， everything went well. The manager asked him some questions and he answered them __3__. John was very satisfied with his performances and was very __4__ that he could get the job. But at that moment, the manager's phone __5__. He picked up the phone, listened and nodded. And then he turned around and said to John, “Sorry, I want to get some important __6__ now. Please give me the book with the red __7__ on that desk.” John looked around and found 3 books on the desk, so John went to the desk, took one book and handed it to him __8__. Holding the book, the manager __9__ the phone and said, “Sorry, we cannot give the job to you.” John was __10__ and wondered why. The manager said, “There are three __11__. First, when you came into the office room, I found that the third button on your shirt had been missing. Second, there are three books with red covers on that desk, but you didn't ask me which one I needed and you took one __12__. Third, I was answering the call. You should __13__ to the desk to save time.‎ ‎ These __14__ showed you are not a careful person.” Therefore, John didn't get the job.‎ We can learn a(n) __15__ from John's experience. Some people don't __16__ the details in our life. But it is the details that __17__. Not only should we value what we learn but also we should pay more attention to the details. Sometimes they can even __18__ our success or failure. We should form the habit of being careful and learn to keep the __19__ of quantity and quality. We should keep it in mind that __20__ comes first, without which quantity is of no significance.‎ ‎1．A.apply　　　　　　　　　 B．vote C．prepare D．wait ‎2．A.contacted B．interviewed C．asked D．questioned ‎3．A.immediately B．slowly C．generally D．fluently ‎4．A.grateful B．excited C．confident D．lucky ‎5．A.lost B．called C．rang D．answered ‎6．A.arrangement B．response C．information D．insight ‎7．A.cover B．picture C．character D．mark ‎8．A.eagerly B．politely C．purposely D．quickly ‎9．A.searched for B．picked up C．held on D．hung up ‎10．A.surprised B．helpless C．disappointed D．worried ‎11．A.methods B．results C．collections D．reasons ‎12．A.randomly B．eventually C．regularly D．certainly ‎13．A.rush B．run C．walk D．move ‎14．A.parts B．facts C．details D．stories ‎15．A.subject B．idea C．skill D．lesson ‎16．A.mind B．mention C．ignore D．provide ‎17．A.trouble B．count C．interest D．impress ‎18．A.describe B．replace C．value D．determine ‎19．A.selection B．importance C．balance D．competition ‎20．A.quality B．quantity C．safety D．promise 答案与解析 本文通过John的求职经历告诉我们：一些人并不在意细节，但有时候就是细节起很重要的作用。‎ ‎1．A　根据文章内容，John 是一所名牌大学的毕业生，专业成绩非常优秀，希望能够找到一份好工作。一天，他去一家公司申请职位。apply “申请”；vote“投票”；prepare“准备”；wait“等待”。故选择A。‎ ‎2．B　根据文章内容，他在面试时，整个过程都进展得非常顺利。interview“面试”，符合语境。‎ ‎3．D　经理问了几个问题，他都能非常流利地回答。immediately“立刻”；slowly“慢慢地”；generally“笼统地，概括地”；fluently “流利地”。故选择D。‎ ‎4．C　John对自己的表现非常满意，并且很自信自己可以得到这份工作。confident“自信的”。故选择C。‎ ‎5．C　根据文意，正在那个时候，经理的电话响了。ring “(电话)响起”。‎ ‎6．C　根据文章内容，经理转过身来对John 说自己有重要的信息要获取。arrangement “安排”；response “回应”；information“信息”；insight“洞察力”。故选择C。‎ ‎7．A　根据文章内容，经理要求把那本红色封皮的书递给他。cover“封皮”；picture “图片”；character “人物”；mark“标记”。下文中的“three books with red covers”亦是提示，故选择A项。‎ ‎8．B　他四处看看，发现桌子上有三本书，就拿起一本来礼貌地递给了他(经理)。eagerly “渴望地”；politely“礼貌地”；purposely“故意地”；quickly“迅速地”。故选择B。‎ ‎9．D　经理手里拿着那本书，挂断了电话。search for“寻找”；pick up “拿起”；hold on “等待，别挂断”；hang up“挂断电话”。故选择D。‎ ‎10．A　根据文章内容，经理宣布他没有得到这份工作，这和John 最开始的预料截然相反。所以他应该感到惊讶。surprised “惊讶的”； helpless “无助的”；disappointed “感到失望的”；worried“担心的”。‎ ‎11．D　根据上下文，经理解释说拒绝他有三个原因(reasons)。‎ ‎12．A　根据文意，经理说的第二条理由是：桌子上有三本书，但你并没有问我具体要哪一本，而是随意地拿了一本。randomly “随意地”；eventually“最后”； regularly “有规律地”；certainly“肯定地”。故选择A。‎ ‎13．B　经理解释的第三条理由是：我正在接电话，你应该跑步去拿书以节约时间。干扰项rush用在此语境中有点过。故选择B。‎ ‎14．C　根据文章内容，此处指“这些细节(details)表明了你不是一个认真的人”， 故选择C。下文的“the details in our life”和“it is the details that __17__.”也是提示。‎ ‎15．D　我们可以从John的经历中吸取一个教训。lesson “教训，课程”。故选择D。‎ ‎16．A　从文意可知，一些人并不在意细节，但有时候就是细节起很重要的作用。mind“注意，留心”，符合语境。‎ ‎17．B　从文意可知，一些人并不在意细节，但有时候就是细节起很重要的作用。trouble“使烦恼”；count “重要”；interest“使感兴趣，使关注”；impress “给……留下深刻印象” 。故选择B。‎ ‎18．D　我们不仅要重视我们所学的东西，而且还要更多地关注细节。有时候甚至就是细节决定成败。describe“描述”；replace“代替”；value“珍惜”；determine “决定”。故选择D。‎ ‎19．C　我们要养成认真的习惯，并且要学会保持数量和质量之间的平衡。selection“选择”；importance“重要性”；balance“平衡”‎ ‎；competition “竞争”。故选择C。‎ ‎20．A　我们要牢记质量第一的原则，如果没有质量，数量一点意义都没有。quality“质量”；quantity “数量”；safety“安全”；promise“承诺”。故选择A。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2017·湖南省衡阳市月考)‎ The question was once asked of a businessman who __1__ (success) highly ，“How have you done so much in your lifetime？” He replied, “I have dreames. I have turned my mind loose to imagine __2__ I wanted to do. Then I have gone to bed and thought about my dreams. In __3__ night I dreamt about my dreams. And when I __4__ (awake) in the morning, I saw the way to make my dreams real. While other people were saying, ‘You can't do that. It is not possible.’ I was well on my way to __5__ (achieve) what I wanted.”‎ As Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the U．S., said, “We grow great by dreams.” All big men are dreamers. They see things in the soft haze of a spring day, or in the red fire on a long winter's evening.‎ Some of us let these dreams die, __6__ others nourish and protect them. Nourish them __7__ bad days until they bring them to the sunshine and light which comes always to __8__ who sincerely hope that their dreams will come true.‎ So please, don't let anyone steal your dreams, or try to tell you they are too __9__ (possible). Sing your songs, dream your dreams and pray your __10__ (pray)．‎ 答案与解析 人活着要有梦想并且为梦想去努力，要滋养保护梦想不让它灭亡。‎ ‎1．had ‎ succeeded　考查时态。此处是定语从句，先行词是businessman, who引导的是定语从句缺少谓语动词，根据句意用过去完成时，故填had succeeded。‎ ‎2．what　考查代词。此处指想象我想做的事，引导宾语从句。根据句意用what，故填what。‎ ‎3．the　考查冠词。in the night“在夜里”是固定短语，故填the。‎ ‎4．awoke　考查时态。此处是when引导的时间状语从句，句中缺少谓语，根据句意用过去时，故填awake的过去式awoke。‎ ‎5．achieving　考查非谓语动词。句中to是介词，后面加动词的ing形式，此处指在实现我追求的路上，故填achieving。‎ ‎6．while/but　考查连词。句意：一些人让他们的梦想灭亡，然而其他人使梦想滋养和得到保护。前后句表对比，故填while/but。‎ ‎7．through　考查介词。此处指在不好的境遇时滋养梦想直到渡过困难，根据句意填through。‎ ‎8．those　考查代词。此处指光明总是伴随那些真诚希望他们的梦想实现的人们，who sincerely hope that their dreams will come true是定语从句，空白处缺少先行词，指人，要用复数，故填代词those。‎ ‎9．impossible　考查形容词。句意：不要让任何人偷走你的梦想，或者告诉自己梦想是不可能的。根据句意填“不可能的”impossible。‎ ‎10．prayers/prayer　考查名词。句意：唱自己的歌，做自己的梦，祈祷自己的幸福。三个句子保持一致，故填名词prayers/prayer。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2017· 湖南省衡阳市检测)‎ Dear John，‎ I'm delighted that you are coming to Beijing this summer vacation. You asked many question in your letter, and now let me answer them.‎ Beijing, the capital of China, is attractive city with a long history. ‎ You can found all kinds of delicious food in Beijing, of that the most famous is the roast Beijing duck. I hope we will enjoy it. Besides, there is a great number of tourist attractions worth visiting, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace or the Forbidden City. These scenic spots have attracted millions of tourists in this year. I promise you will have a wonderfully time here in Beijing. ‎ I'm looking forward to hear from you as soon as possible.‎ Yours，‎ Li Ming 答案 Dear John，‎ I'm delighted that you are coming to Beijing this summer vacation. You asked many in your letter, and now let me answer them.‎ Beijing, the capital of China, is attractive city with a long history. You can all kinds of delicious food in Beijing, of the most famous is the roast Beijing duck. I hope will enjoy it. Besides, there a great number of tourist attractions worth visiting, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace the Forbidden City. These scenic spots have attracted millions of tourists this year. I promise you will have a time here in Beijing. ‎ I'm looking forward to from you as soon as possible.‎ Yours，‎ Li Ming