【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空设题特点解读及解题指导（11页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空设题特点解读及解题指导（11页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法填空设题特点解读及解题指导 ‎[高考真题展示]‎ ‎　考查点 年份　　‎ ‎·卷别　‎ 有提示词 无提示词 词性转换 非谓语动词 时态、语态和主谓一致 形容词和 副词比较 等级 名词单复数 代 词 特殊 句式 冠 词 介 词 连 词 助动词 副 词 ‎2016·‎ 全国卷Ⅰ ‎61.attraction ‎63．officially ‎66.permitted ‎67．introducing ‎62.was ‎ allowed ‎/‎ ‎69.days ‎68.its ‎/‎ ‎70.the ‎64.to ‎65.when ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2016·‎ 全国卷Ⅱ ‎62.achievement ‎67．regularly ‎69.to bring ‎63.is ‎61.greater ‎66.studies ‎/‎ ‎70.make ‎68.a ‎64.on ‎65.as ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2016·‎ 全国卷Ⅲ ‎66.gradually ‎63.to create ‎62.be made ‎69．were ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎70.with ‎61.and ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎68．development ‎64．using ‎65．as/when ‎67．who ‎2015·‎ 全国卷Ⅰ ‎69.regularly ‎68.conducted ‎70．living ‎61.arrived ‎67．is ‎/‎ ‎65.paintings ‎63.its ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎66.by ‎64.that/‎ which ‎/‎ ‎62.before/‎ earlier ‎2015·‎ 全国卷Ⅱ ‎63.ability ‎65．slowly ‎69．natural ‎61.built ‎64．using ‎66．to cool ‎68.goes ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎62.the ‎67.at ‎70.how ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2014·‎ 全国卷Ⅰ ‎62.actually ‎68．amazing ‎70．patient ‎65.to reduce ‎61.was ‎66.cleaner ‎69.changes ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎63.the ‎/‎ ‎64.or ‎67．that/‎ which ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎2014·‎ 全国卷Ⅱ ‎61.being ‎65.caught ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎64.to ‎62.and ‎68.Did ‎/‎ ‎63.disappointed ‎70．suddenly ‎66．to stop ‎67．riding ‎69.me/mine ‎3年合计 ‎15‎ ‎14‎ ‎9‎ ‎2‎ ‎4‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎4‎ ‎6‎ ‎10‎ ‎1‎ ‎1‎ ‎[考情精分析]‎ 近3年全国卷七套试题的语法填空部分充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。‎ ‎1．有提示词 有提示词的语法填空考查了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致；非谓语动词；形容词和副词的比较等级；名词的数；代词的格；特殊句式以及词性转换。‎ ‎(1)动词的考查是语法填空的重点，包括谓语动词和非谓语动词。近3年的七套试题对动词的考查比较稳定，基本是每套3－5题，涉及的范围比较广，几乎涵盖了除虚拟语气之外所有动词的用法。预计将来对动词的考查将一如既往地稳定，虚拟语气也应引起大家的注意。‎ ‎(2)名词、代词的考查每年都会涉及。名词主要考查单复数的变化，代词主要考查人称代词主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词的变化。在此提醒大家关注一下反身代词的考查。‎ ‎(3)形容词、副词的比较等级偶有考查，近3年的七套试题中出现了两次，都是考查的比较级。但最高级也应成为大家关注的对象。‎ ‎(4)词性转换的考查相对稳定，平均每套题两个左右，形容词变副词是考查的重点，另外，动词变为名词，名词与形容词的互变等都应在备考中多注意。‎ ‎2．无提示词 无提示词的语法填空考查了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、从句引导词、助动词以及语境填词。‎ ‎(1)冠词、介词主要考查基本用法及固定搭配；并列连词主要看前后的逻辑关系；助动词主要是疑问句或否定句；语境填词包括按固定搭配或逻辑关系选择合适的词。‎ ‎(2)从句引导词指的是三大从句的引导词，包括定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；名词性从句的连接词、连接代词和连接副词；状语从句的连词。但是考查的比较简单，只要搞清从句的基本用法大体都能做对。‎ ‎(3)另外，there be句型与强调句型也应在备考中多关注。‎ ‎[分类例析]‎ 有提示词类 ‎1．括号内提供的是动词 ‎[例1]　(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.‎ ‎[分析]　was　根据时间状语“In 1969”可知，本段叙述的是过去发生的事情且空处在句中作谓语。‎ ‎[例2]　(2014·全国卷Ⅰ) It took years of work ________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.‎ ‎[分析]　to reduce　分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语为took，空处需要考虑非谓语动词的形式。结合句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.“做某事花了某人多长时间”可知，空处应填to reduce。‎ ‎2．括号内提供的是形容词或副词 ‎[例1]　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.‎ ‎[分析]　officially　空处修饰动词，所以应用副词形式。‎ ‎[例2]　(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______ (clean) than ever.‎ ‎[分析]　 cleaner　句意：最后人们的努力得到了回报，现在这条河比以前更干净了。空格后面有than，说明空格上应该使用比较级的形式。‎ ‎[例3]　At last, her courage and ________ (wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.‎ ‎[分析]　 wisdom　括号内提供的是形容词，但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分，一起充当主语，所以要使用名词形式wisdom。‎ ‎3．括号内提供的是名词 ‎[例1]　(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.‎ ‎[分析]　changes　本句中谓语部分是系动词are，说明主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以使用changes。‎ ‎[例2]　(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Just be ________ (patience)．‎ ‎[分析]　patient　空格前面有系动词be，说明本句是一个祈使句，空处应填形容词作表语，be patient“耐心一点”。‎ 无提示词类 纯空格语法填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词(含从属连词和并列连词)等虚词。‎ 另外可根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词分成形容词性以及名词性代词、指示或者不定代词等。在使用介词的时候，往往考查固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。‎ ‎1．填介词 名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一定是填介词。介词可位于名词之前，如at night, on Sunday 等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in, be good at 等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to, arrive at, look for 等。‎ ‎[示例]　(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.‎ ‎[分析]　to　固定搭配next to“在……旁边”。指“我”的位置就在窗户的旁边。‎ ‎2．填连词 若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，或者两个单词以及短语中间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。‎ 连词有两类，一种是并列连词，一种是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种句型：‎ ‎(1)并列句：并列句一般由“简单句＋并列连词＋简单句”构成，有时并列连词前有逗号，可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词，如同等关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。‎ ‎[示例]　(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ________ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed when the bus finally came, we all hurried on board.‎ ‎[分析]　and　根据语境在公交车站有很多人都在等车，一些人看上去很焦急也很失望可知，上下文之间是顺接关系，故使用and连接上下文。‎ ‎(2)状语从句：当确定为状语从句后，就要通过语境理解，判断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的或其他，最后确定从属连词。‎ ‎[示例]　________ I’ve a bit of headache, it’s nothing much.‎ ‎[分析]　Though/Although　根据句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句；再由上下句语境可知，此处引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎(3)名词性从句：当确定为名词性从句后，可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语，如果缺以上成分，一般情况下要使用what，有时可能使用who/whom或which；如果不缺以上成分，则考虑句子意思是否完整，完整的句子可以使用that，意思不完整的则考虑if/whether, where, why, how, because等。 ‎ ‎[示例]　I was in the train sitting opposite a middleaged couple. They were ordinary in every respect, but ________ they did touch me deeply.‎ ‎[分析]　what　从句中缺少表示物的主语，所以使用what。‎ ‎(4)定语从句：当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他，然后判断引导词在从句中的成分，再根据定语从句的有关规则确定使用哪个引导词。‎ ‎[示例]　(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit ________ is driving your family crazy.‎ ‎[分析]　that/which　本句先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which 指代先行词，在句中作主语。‎ ‎3．填冠词 名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等)，很可能是填限定词。‎ ‎[示例]　(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Now, years later, this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.‎ ‎[分析]　the　本句空格后面的most是最高级形式，所以most前面要加the。‎ ‎4．根据固定搭配、典型句型确定动词、名词、介词等 固定搭配的短语及习惯用法是属于比较简单的考点，只要平时注意积累基本上就能答对。‎ ‎ (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top __61__ (attract)．‎ So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I __62__ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.‎ ‎ The title will be __63__ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back __64__ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, __65__ I was the first Western TV reporter __66__ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include __67__ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, __70__ other is with mum — she never suspects.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。成都涌现出很多百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑以及豪华酒店，但对于作者这样的游客来说，熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。‎ ‎61．attraction　句意：但是对像我这样的游客来说，大熊猫是最吸引人的东西。此处作表语的应该是名词attraction，意为“吸引人之物，诱惑物”。‎ ‎62．was allowed　此处表示允许我靠近那些可爱的大熊猫，根据上下文可知，此处应该使用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎63．officially　此处表示大使这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我，根据句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。‎ ‎64．to　此处表示我和大熊猫的联系可追溯到二十世纪八十年代中期，我参加一个电视节目的那些日子。go back to意为“追溯到，回到”。‎ ‎65．when　此处表示当时我是第一个西方记者，根据句子结构可知，本句是一个非限制性定语从句，其先行词为mid1980s，故应该使用when表示时间。‎ ‎66．permitted　此处动词permit与所修饰的名词reporter之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该使用其过去分词形式permitted。‎ ‎67．introducing　此处表示我的大使职责包括介绍英国游客来参观大熊猫，谓语动词include意为“包括，包含”，其后应该使用ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎68．its　此处表示在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语。‎ ‎69．days　此处表示每隔几天，应该使用名词复数形式days。‎ ‎70．the　此处表示双胞胎大熊猫中的另一只，两者之间的“另一个”‎ 应该使用the other。‎ (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of __61__ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of __62__ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable.‎ Most of us are more focused __64__ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive __65__ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.‎ Recent __66__ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks __67__ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __68__ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely __69__ (bring) your work home. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, __70__ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如果在工作中感觉压力很大，你不妨先后退一步，把手头的工作分一下轻重缓急，优先处理最重要的工作，这样你就能获得一种成就感。‎ ‎61．greater　空格处和后面的less importance是并列关系，所以用比较级。‎ ‎62．achievement　考查词性转化。a sense of achievement表示“成就感”。‎ ‎63．is　主语是Leaving the less important things until tomorrow，动名词作主语时谓语用单数，此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。‎ ‎64．on　focus on“集中于”。‎ ‎65．as　as ...as possible“尽可能……”。‎ ‎66．studies　recent是形容词，修饰名词，“recent _______”在句中作主语，根据谓语show可知，主语需要用复数形式。‎ ‎67．regularly　此处需要副词修饰谓语动词take。‎ ‎68．a　for a while“一会儿”。‎ ‎69．to bring　be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。‎ ‎70. make　此处make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about是祈使句，动词用原形。‎ (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __61__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.‎ Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might __62__ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __63__ (create) special designs.‎ The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, __64__ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, __65__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which __66__ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.‎ Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __67__ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the __68__ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __69__ (be) too violent for use at the table.‎ Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example，most people traditionally eat __70__ their hands.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了筷子的材质和中国使用筷子的悠久历史及文化内涵。‎ ‎61．and　and是并列连词，此处连接几个国家。‎ ‎62．be made　be made of“用……做成”，空前面有情态动词might，所以填be made。‎ ‎63．to create　此处动词不定式表示目的。‎ ‎64．using　use和句子主语People之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。此处现在分词作方式状语。‎ ‎65．as　as在此处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。‎ ‎66．gradually　此处需要副词修饰谓语动词turned。‎ ‎67．who　who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Confucius。who在定语从句中作主语。‎ ‎68．development　根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需要名词。‎ ‎69．were　此处believed后面的宾语从句的主语是knives，宾语从句有两个谓语，第一个是would remind，第二个是were。因为此处讲的是过去孔子的想法，所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎70．with　with此处表示“用”。‎