【英语】2019届二轮复习完形填空专题解题指导技法8利用语法和句法结构解题（9页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习完形填空专题解题指导技法8利用语法和句法结构解题（9页）

‎2019届二轮复习完形填空专题解题指导技法8利用语法和句法结构解题 ‎[解题技法分述]‎ 完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力，辨析同义词、近义词的能力。正确分析句子的语法成分和结构，具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关键。‎ ‎[经典案例分析]‎ ‎[例1]　(2017·北京高考)Later，when Hannah attended school，she saw another homeless person. It was a woman， 39 an old shopping trolley (购物车) which was piled with 40 ．It seemed that everything the woman owned was in them. This made Hannah very sad，and even more 41 to do something. She had been talking to her mother about the lives of homeless people 42 they first saw the homeless man. Her mother told her that if she did something to change the problem that made her sad，she wouldn't 43 as bad.‎ ‎39．A. pushing　 B．carrying C．buying D．holding ‎40．A. goods B．bottles C．foods D．bags ‎41．A. excited B．determined C．energetic D．grateful ‎42．A. since B．unless C．although D．as ‎43．A. sound B．get C．feel D．look 解析：42空考查句法结构，根据其前后的时态，特别是前面的完成时可判定42空状语从句的引导词应选A；43空考查词义辨析，四个选项都可以用作系动词，但此处bad是一种感觉，故43空选C。‎ ‎[例2]　(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)When we handed him the bag of 52 ，he lit up and thanked us with 53 eyes. When I handed him the gift card，saying ‎ he could use it for 54 his family might need，he burst into tears.‎ ‎52.A.toys　　B．medicine　　C．food　　D．clothes ‎53．A. sleepy　　B．watery C．curious　　D．sharp ‎54．A. whoever　　B．whatever C．whichever　　D．whenever 解析：53题考查词义辨析，四个词都可以修饰eyes，但通过thanked我们可推知应是感动得眼睛湿润(watery)了，故选B。54题考查句法结构，介词for后面为宾语从句，引导词引导宾语从句且在从句中作need的宾语，应用代词whatever，故选B。‎ 技法感悟| 一题妙用六法 ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better：I discovered ASL－American Sign Language(美式手语)．‎ I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing，and so are all my friends. The 44 languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)．Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL.‎ The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 ．This newness just left me 51 more.‎ After that，feeling the need to 52 further，I decided to drop in on one of ASL club's meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress，I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.‎ The following term，I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 ．I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 ，if there had been any talking，it would have 59 us ‎ to learn less. Now，I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens.‎ ‎41.A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal ‎42．A. progress B．experience C．major D．opinion ‎43．A. choose B．read C．learn D．create ‎44．A. official B．foreign C．body D．spoken ‎45．A. love B．concern C．goal D．request ‎46．A. meeting B．trip C．story D．task ‎47．A. recorded B．performed C．recited D．discussed ‎48．A. idea B．amount　　‎ C．dream D．reason ‎49．A. disturbed B．supported C．embarrassed D．attracted ‎50．A. end B．past C．course D．distance ‎51．A. showing B．acting C．saying D．wanting ‎52．A.exercise B．explore C．express D．explain ‎53．A. print B．write ‎ C．sign D．count ‎54．A. slow B．steady ‎ C．normal D．obvious ‎55．A. chair B．sponsor ‎ C．attend D．organize ‎56．A. missed B．passed C．gave up D．registered for ‎57．A. prohibited B．welcomed C．ignored D．repeated ‎58．A. Lastly B．Thus ‎ C．Instead D．However ‎59．A. required B．caused C．allowed D．expected ‎60．A. easy B．popular ‎ C．quick D．new ‎41．A　[词汇复现。 由上文的“explore new aspects of life”可知，此处所填之词与explore在词义上接近，表示一种“探索的过程”，故选searching。]‎ ‎42．B　[词汇复现。 根据下文的内容可知，作者发现了把自己的大学经历(experience)变得更美好的东西，第三段的“I had experienced”也给出了提示。]‎ ‎43．C　[上下文暗示。根据下文可知，作者的家人和朋友听力都正常，因此他从未想过学习(learn)手语。]‎ ‎44．D　[上下文暗示。既然家人、朋友听力没问题，那么口语(spoken languages)就足够了。]‎ ‎45．A　[上下文暗示。由下文的内容尤其是最后一段的“Now, I appreciate the silence...”可知，作者后来爱上了(love)美式手语。]‎ ‎46．C　[上下文暗示。从后文的内容可知，作者开始讲故事(story)的经过了，故选C。]‎ ‎47．B　[上下文暗示。由前面的watched可知，此处作者在观看对方的表演(perform)。]‎ ‎48．A　[情景排除。这里指的是无语言交流的想法(idea)。]‎ ‎49．D　[上下文暗示。由下文可知，作者参加了手语俱乐部，‎ 因此此处作者应是被吸引了(attract)。]‎ ‎50．B　[上下文暗示。由空格前的“I had experienced”可推知是过去(in the past)的经历。]‎ ‎51．D　[上下文暗示。由下文的further可推知，这种新颖让作者想要(want)了解更多。]‎ ‎52．B　[词汇复现。由第一段的explore可知，此处指作者觉得自己有进一步探索(explore)的必要。]‎ ‎53．C　[情景排除。既然学手语，就得学会如何用手语表示(sign)字母表中的字母。]‎ ‎54．A　[上下文暗示。由前面的“being discouraged by”可知，作者进步缓慢(slow)。]‎ ‎55．C　[上下文暗示。由本句的“made it a point”和“learn all I could”可知，作者努力做到参加(attend)这些会议。]‎ ‎56．D　[词语习惯搭配、上下文暗示。后面讲的是课堂上的事情，由此可知作者参加了一个美式手语课程，register for为固定搭配，意为“注册，登记”。]‎ ‎57．A　[上下文暗示。讲课的教授是耳聋的，因此在课堂上是禁止(prohibit)讲话的。]‎ ‎58．C　[语义逻辑关系。作者意识到无声并非是不愉快的，相反(instead)如果有任何交谈的话，会导致学生们学到的更少。]‎ ‎59．B　[上下文暗示、词语习惯搭配。相反，如果有任何交谈的话，会导致学生们学到的更少。cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事。]‎ ‎60．D　[词汇复现。由第三段的newness可知，对作者来说，这是一种新的(new)交流方法。]‎ ‎ [二]‎ ‎ (2017·湖南省部分重点中学考前演练) Hello, Mr. WiFi, life without you is next to impossible now. We're happy to sing your name from morning till evening, sometimes till dawn. 1 I know you help me, sometimes you're making me do things with 2 attention. Many times I promise myself that I'll 3 my feelings towards you, but you're 4 me closer and ‎ closer... You've entered both my home and my 5 . You're just a window for our 6 and information. But we people aren't 7 only with the window. So we open all our 8 for you. Is this a (n) 9 or some kind of attachment? If this is an illness, is it curable? And if this is an attachment will you 10 me to the lifelong togetherness?‎ We want you 24/7. Can't you take a few days off so that both you and I can 11 ？ You're a poison — not a slow one but a super 12 poison which holds our mind and makes us dance 13 its tune. Nowadays you're so 14 that anyone can buy and make you our 15 ．You'll never be bothered about our health but we'll 16 be concerned about your “health”. Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.‎ If you were a 17 person made of flesh and blood (血肉之躯) would we love you the same? You 18 us with your numerous talents and we even can't get rid of you. We're all your 19 ．Sometimes I wonder how people in the previous generations 20 ， but if they did why can't we?‎ ‎【语篇解读】　作者用诙谐的语气质问WiFi，这呈现了现代人的一种通病，那就是对无线网络的依赖。‎ ‎1．A．Now that B．Only if C．Though D．When C　[根据语境可知，虽然(Though)作者知道WiFi帮助了自己，但是正是WiFi的特殊作用让作者在做事情的时候会分心。]‎ ‎2．A．praised B．increased C．focused D．divided D　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎3．A.keep in B．bring back C．approve of D．give up A　[根据语境可知，作者很多次都对自己承诺说要抑制(keep in)自己对WiFi的情感。bring back“使回忆起，使想起”；approve of“同意，赞成”；give up“放弃”。]‎ ‎4．A．drawing B．pushing C．forcing D．observing A　[根据语境可知，此处形象生动地表现了作者不能抗拒WiFi对自己的吸引。draw“吸引”，符合语境。push“推动”；force“强迫，迫使”；observe“观察”。]‎ ‎5．A.space B．soul C．society D．workplace B　[WiFi进入了作者的家和灵魂中。下文中的“holds our mind”是关键提示。]‎ ‎6．A．entertainment B．argument C．expansion D．struggle A　[WiFi(本来)只是我们娱乐(entertainment)和获取信息的窗口。argument“争论”；expansion“扩张”；struggle“斗争，奋斗”。]‎ ‎7．A．strict B．satisfied C．generous D．busy B　[根据上文的“You're just a window for our...information”以及“But”所表示的转折关系可知，此处表示人们并不满足于(satisfied)WiFi仅仅是个“窗口(window)”。strict“严格的”；generous“慷慨的”；busy“忙碌的”。]‎ ‎8．A．thoughts B．eyes C．exits D．doors D　[此处表示人们将WiFi的作用扩大化，不仅仅满足于其作为窗口的作用，而是将所有的“门(doors)”打开迎接WiFi。某种程度上而言，door是window的“升级版”。]‎ ‎9．A．disease B．inspiration C．routine D．phenomenon A　[结合下文中的“an illness”可知，作者疑惑的是自己和其他人对WiFi如此依赖的现象是否是一种病(disease)。inspiration“灵感”；routine“惯例”；phenomenon“现象”。]‎ ‎10．A. recommend B．instruct C．commit D．adapt C　[如果对WiFi的情感是一种依赖的话，WiFi能保证与作者一生都亲密无间吗？commit意为“保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等)，承诺”，符合语境。 recommend“推荐”；instruct“教导”；adapt“适应”。]‎ ‎11．A．persist B．relax C．progress D．balance B　[WiFi不能给自己放几天假以便它和作者都能放松(relax)一下吗？persist“坚持”；progress“行进”；balance“平衡”。]‎ ‎12．A. raw B．ambiguous C．strong D．fast D　[根据本句中的“not a slow one ”可知，WiFi并不是慢性毒药，而是快速起效的毒药，故用fast与slow形成对比。raw“不熟练的”；ambiguous“含糊不清的”；strong“强壮的”。]‎ ‎13．A.to B．against C．from D．within A　[WiFi是一种能控制人们的思想并使人们随着它的音调起舞的毒药。to表示“随着”。]‎ ‎14．A. affordable B．valuable C．conventional D．attractive A　[根据下文中的“anyone can buy”可知，如今WiFi的价格是如此低廉以至于任何人都能买到，并使其成为人们的伴侣。affordable“支付得起的，不算太贵的”；valuable“有价值的”；conventional“传统的”；attractive“有吸引力的”。]‎ ‎15．A. addition B．expert C．companion D．instrument C　[参见上题解析。下文中的“Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone”亦是提示。addition“添加物”；companion“伴侣，伙伴”；instrument“工具”。]‎ ‎16．A. sometimes B．always C．never D．seldom B　[毫无生命的WiFi是决不会在意其用户的健康的，‎ 但是用户们会一直担心WiFi的“健康”，此处用always与上文的“never”形成对比，强调人们对WiFi的在意程度。]‎ ‎17．A. selfish B．dishonest C．responsible D．real D　[根据下文中的“person made of flesh and blood(血肉之躯)”可知，作者想知道如果WiFi成为拥有血肉之躯的真实的人，人们是否会一样喜欢它。selfish“自私的”；dishonest“不诚实的”；responsible“负责任的”。]‎ ‎18．A. control B．scold C．comfort D．challenge A　[根据上文作者介绍的人们对WiFi的依赖及下文中的“we even can't get rid of you”可知，人们离开了WiFi简直无法生活下去，而本句中的“with your numerous talents”正是WiFi控制人们的方式。control“控制”；scold“责备”；comfort“安慰”；challenge“挑战”。]‎ ‎19．A．friends B．slaves C．colleagues D．employers B　[根据语境可知，WiFi控制了人们，也就是说人们成了被其掌控的奴隶(slaves)。friend“朋友”；colleague“同事”；employer“雇主”。]‎ ‎20．A. suffered B．connected C．survived D．surfed C　[根据语境尤其是本句中的“in the previous generations”可知，作者非常疑惑的是在早期没有WiFi的时候人们是如何存活(survive)下来的。suffer“受苦”；connect“联系”；surf“冲浪，浏览”。]‎