【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题推理判断类试题解题指导学案（31页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题推理判断类试题解题指导学案（31页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专推理判断类试题解题指导学案 真题验证 题　　组　　一 ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·全国Ⅲ，B)‎ Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater's 75－year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end.‎ The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary－eyed audience wanting to say good－bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.‎ Bradford‎ said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater's location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town，”he said.“ Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”‎ Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.‎ The theater audience said good－bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie.‎ ‎ The theater will be missed.‎ 文章大意：本文讲述的是拥有75年历史的广场剧院在放映完最后一部电影后即将关闭以及市民对它的不舍之情。‎ ‎❶　In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special？____B____‎ A．It made room for new equipment.‎ B．It signaled the closedown of the theater.‎ C．It was done with the help of the audience.‎ D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theate.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段的最后一句“As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end”可推断出，工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭作准备。故选B。‎ ‎❷　Why was The Last Picture Show put on？____D____‎ A．It was an all－time classic.‎ B．It was about the history of the town.‎ C．The audience requested it.‎ D．The theater owner found it suitable.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate”可知，剧院的老板亲自选定了The Last Picture Show这部电影，因为他认为这部电影很适合。原文中的“appropriate”和D选项的“suitable”都表示“合适的”。故选D。‎ ‎❸　What will probably happen to the building？____C____‎ A．It will be repaired.‎ B．It will be turned into a museum.‎ C．It will be knocked down.‎ D．It will be sold to the city government.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地建综合购物大楼，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选C。‎ ‎❹　What can we infer about the audience？____B____‎ A．They are disappointed with Bradford.‎ B．They are sad to part with the old theater.‎ C．They are supportive of the city officials.‎ D．They are eager to have a shopping center.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句“Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with teary－eyed audience wanting to say good－bye to the old building”可知，观众含泪观看最后一部电影，想向剧院告别；再结合最后一段最后一句“The theater will be missed”可以推断出观众对剧院恋恋不舍，与剧院告别让他们感到很悲伤。故选B。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2017·全国Ⅲ，C)‎ After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone‎ ‎National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ ‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually __displaced__ by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.‎ ‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations——major food sources(来源) for the wolf——grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of'wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park's red foxes, and completely drove away the park's beavers.‎ As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone‎ ‎Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the ‎ plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。在争议了几年之后黄石国家公园终于把灰狼重新引入公园，以保持公园内生态的平衡。‎ ‎❺　What is the text mainly about？____D____‎ A．Wildlife research in the United States.‎ B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.‎ D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.‎ 解析：考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要谈了将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一举措的成效等，故选D。‎ ‎❻　What does the underlined word“ displaced” in paragraph 2 mean？____C____‎ A．Tested.　　　　　　　　　 B．Separated. ‎ C．Forced out. 　　 D．Tracked down.‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。由第二段第一句话可知，曾经黄石公园里有灰狼，下文提到但后来由于人类的发展灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失了，因此可以推出，displaced意为“被迫离开”，故选C。‎ ‎❼　What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？____A____‎ A．Damage to local ecology. ‎ B．A decline in the park's income.‎ C．Preservation of vegetation. ‎ D．An increase in the variety of animals.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。第三段提到由于灰狼的消失，鹿和麋鹿的数量快速增长，消耗了大量的植被，减少了植物种类同时丛林狼的数量增多，园内很多的红狐被猎杀，而河狸也完全消失了，由此推断出灰狼的消失对公园内的生态环境产生了损害。故选A。‎ ‎❽　What is the author's attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？____B____‎ A．Doubtful. 　　 B．Positive. ‎ C．Disapproving. 　　 D．Uncaring.‎ 解析：考查观点态度。根据第五段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·北京，C)‎ Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti－vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.‎ The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“ herd immunity”， which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work.‎ But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.‎ That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N．Y., where a 17－year－old caused an ‎ outbreak last year.‎ The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.‎ Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.‎ Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.‎ Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life－saving benefits vaccines provide, but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来曾经致命且几乎消失了的麻疹卷土重来。究其原因，是少数人拒绝注射疫苗，导致了自己及其他人的健康受损。作者呼吁人人都应该注射麻疹疫苗。‎ ‎❾　The first two paragraphs suggest that ____A____.‎ A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C．anti－vaccine movement has its medical reasons D．information about measles spreads quickly 解析：考查推理判断。根据前两段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend”可知，少量的麻疹病例却能引起危险的趋势。故选A。‎ 　Herd immunity works well when ____C____.‎ A．exemptions are allowed ‎ ‎ B．several vaccines are used together C．the whole neighborhood is involved in D．new regulations are added to the state laws 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in”可知，只有在大家都参加疫苗接种的情况下群体免疫力才有作用。故选C。‎ 　What is the main reason for the comeback of measles？____D____‎ A．The overuse of vaccine. ‎ B．The lack of medical care.‎ C．The features of measles itself. ‎ D．The vaccine opt－outs of some people.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段和第六段中的“Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten”可知，麻疹死灰复燃的主要原因是一些人不参加疫苗接种。故选D。‎ 　What is the purpose of the passage？____C____‎ A．To introduce the idea of exemption. ‎ B．To discuss methods to cure measles.‎ C．To stress the importance of vaccination. ‎ D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.‎ 解析：考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的“Everyone enjoy the life－saving benefits vaccines provide，but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks”并结合文中所述的麻疹死灰复燃的事实可知，作者的目的是强调麻疹疫苗接种的重要性。故选C。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·浙江，C)‎ FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test which ‎ requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.‎ Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.‎ Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). Others say it's only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.‎ Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.‎ Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy's then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants' children accounting for an even larger percentage of births in Italy.‎ Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.‎ Italians always “see me as a foreigner，” an outsider, even though she's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。科约卡鲁在意大利佛罗伦萨打工已经七年了，但为了继续待在这里她不得不通过考试来证明自己的语言技能——近几年意大利的外来移民越来越多，政府认为让外来移民参加语言考试，是为了帮助他们更好地融入社会，促进文化交流，而一些移民感觉这一举措让自己受到了伤害。‎ 　Why does Cojochru have to take a language test？____A____‎ A．To continue to stay in Italy. B.To teach her children Italian.‎ C．To find a better job in Italy. D.To better mix with the Italians.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句话中的but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test可知，为了能继续留在意大利，科约卡鲁需要参加语言测试来证明她的语言技能。故选A。‎ 　Some people worry that the new language requirement may ____B____.‎ A．reduce Italy's population quickly B.cause conflicts among people C．lead to financial difficulties D.put pressure on schools 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句话中的such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration可以看出，有的移民担心对移民的语言测试和要求可能会导致各民族间的偏执而非融合，故选B项“在人们之间引起冲突”。‎ 　What do we know about Cojochru？____C____‎ A．She lives with her sister now in Italy.‎ B．She enjoys learning the Italian language.‎ D．She speaks Italian well enough for her job.‎ C．She wishes to go back to her home country.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。由最后一段中的even though she's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently可以看出，科约卡鲁的意大利语说得足够流利，这让她能够胜任她的工作，故选C项。‎ 题　　组　　二 ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·北京，A)‎ It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth－grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.‎ ‎ Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris's eyes rolled back，” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”‎ ‎ It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”‎ ‎ CPR is a life－saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaged quickly.‎ Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.‎ Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris's heartbeat returned.‎ ‎“I know I was really lucky，” Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.”‎ Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.‎ Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now，” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”‎ 文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了垒球队中的女队员Paris在打球过程中突发心力衰竭，队友Taylor对她进行了紧急心肺复苏，Paris最后恢复了心跳的故事。Taylor勇敢、冷静，用所学的急救知识救助他人。‎ ‎❶　What happened to Paris on a March day？____B____‎ A．She caught a bad cold.‎ B．She had a sudden heart problem.‎ C．She was knocked down by a ball.‎ D．She shivered terribly during practice.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It certainly was.Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure”可知，Paris突发心力衰竭。故选B。‎ ‎❷　Why does Paris say she was lucky？____C____‎ A．She made a worthy friend.‎ B．She recovered from shock.‎ C．She received immediate CPR.‎ D．She came back on the softball team.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR”以及第六段在队友和学校护士的帮助下Paris的心跳恢复了(Paris's heartbeat returned)以及倒数第二段中的“For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly”可知，Paris得到了及时的心肺复苏(CPR)救助。故选C。‎ ‎❸　Which of the following words can best describe Taylor？____B____‎ A．Enthusiastic and kind.‎ B．Courageous and calm.‎ C．Cooperative and generous.‎ D．Ambitious and professional.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“But when no one else came ‎ forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.‘It was scary.I knew it was the difference between life and death，’says Taylor”和第六段中的“Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down”可知，Taylor是一位勇敢、冷静的女孩。面对紧急情况，她不慌不乱，用所学的急救知识迅速帮助他人，并用自己的举动感染队友，让她们镇静下来参与救助。故选B。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·全国Ⅱ，B)‎ I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen.‎ We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing __that__ brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。‎ ‎❹　Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first？____C____‎ A．Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.‎ C．He wasn't famous enough.‎ D．The director recommended someone else.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选C项。‎ ‎❺　Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship？____D____‎ A．They were of the same age.‎ B．They worked in the same theater.‎ C．They were both good actors.‎ D．They have similar characteristics.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D项符合题意。‎ ‎❻　What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to？____A____‎ A．Their belief.　　 B．Their care for children.‎ C．Their success. D．Their support for each other.‎ 解析：考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。‎ ‎❼　What is the author's purpose in writing the text？____B____‎ A．To show his love of films.‎ B．To remember a friend.‎ C．To introduce a new movie.‎ D．To share his acting experience.‎ 解析：考查写作目的。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in ‎1968”‎以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·江苏，C)‎ A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast－growing industry，urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.‎ Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new－born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.‎ But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all－present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies' control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God's eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.‎ This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.‎ The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new－born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new－born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.‎ The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on－line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users' consent.‎ Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don't want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon. ‎ 文章大意：一种新的商品引发了高利润的、快速增长的产业，迫使反垄断管理者介入控制那些处于主导地位的公司。‎ ‎❽　Why is there a call to break up giants？____A____‎ A．They have controlled the data market. ‎ B．They collect enormous private data.‎ C．They no longer provide free services. ‎ D．They dismissed some new－born giants.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的首句“Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken ‎ up”可知，这种形势要求科技巨头解体。这种形势是指上文提及的那几家大公司垄断了数据市场，故选A。‎ ‎❾　What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate？____C____‎ A．Data giants' technology is very expensive.‎ B．Google's idea is popular among data firms.‎ C．Data can strengthen giants' controlling position.‎ D．Data can be turned into new services or products.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。从第三段可知，以谷歌公司为例，这些科技巨头发现了数据可以转变为新的服务，例如翻译和视觉识别，这些都可以卖给其他公司。因特网公司对于数据的控制赋予了他们巨大的权力，从而可以增强他们的控制地位。故选C。‎ 　By paying attention to firms' data assets, antitrust regulators could____B____.‎ A．kill a new threat B.avoid the size trap C．favour bigger firms D.charge higher prices 解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段可知，反垄断机构在考虑兼并时，通常根据规模来决定何时进行干预，现在当评估这些交易的影响时，他们需要考虑到这些公司的数据资产的范围，再根据“The purchase price could...a new－born threat”可知，通过重视公司的数据资产，反垄断管理者可以避免规模陷阱。故选B。‎ 　What is the purpose of loosening the giants' control of data？____D____‎ A．Big companies could relieve data security pressure.‎ B．Governments could relieve their financial pressure.‎ C．Consumers could better protect their privacy.‎ D．Small companies could get more opportunities.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，放松网络服务商对于数据的控制，把更多的份额给数据提供者，从而让小公司也有机会发展。故选D。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·北京，D)‎ Hollywood's theory that machines with evil(邪恶的) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In ‎1960 a well－known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”‎ A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in－born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. ‎ The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.‎ Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan ‎ for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron－induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇科技说明文。文中主要介绍了人工智能(AI)随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制以及人类应如何应对此类安全问题等相关信息。‎ 　Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may____A____.‎ A．run out of human control B．satisfy human's real desires C．command armies of killer robots D．work faster than a mathematician 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want”可知，人工智能可能会变得非常擅长完成目标，而这些目标可能不是人们真正想要的，所以人工智能有可能摆脱人的控制。故选A。‎ 　Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ____A____.‎ A．prevent themselves from being destroyed B．achieve their original goals independently C．do anything successfully with given orders D．beat humans in international chess matches 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A machine with a specific purpose has another quality，one that we usually associate with living things：a wish to preserve its own existence”可知，智能机器可能会为保护自己的存在而阻止自己被摧毁。故选A。‎ 　According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ____D____.‎ A．help super intelligent machines work better B．be secure against evil human beings C．keep machines from being harmed D．avoid robots' affecting the world 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall，using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world”可知，有些研究者认为可用防火墙防止机器人影响世界。故选D。‎ 　What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines？____C____‎ A．It will disappear with the development of AI.‎ B．It will get worse with human interference.‎ C．It will be solved but with difficulty.‎ D．It will stay for a decade. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy”可知，人工智能的安全问题有可能得到解决，但又困难重重。故选C。‎ 模拟强化 ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·河南省郑州市第一次质量预测)‎ It seems that technology could be changing the places where we live. A project conducted by Johann Siau, a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire's School of Engineering and Technology, ‎ ‎ has built on the university's InterHome project aimed to create a home that __supervises__ people living at home who are weak or elderly.‎ ‎“We've developed a wristband type of device (装置)，” said Johann Siau, “which allows us to monitor the condition of an elderly person, or whoever is wearing the device. It allows us to collect data of a person to see if the person has fallen or is away from where they are supposed to be. It connects an elderly person with an assisted living type of device with the InterHome.” The assisted living project is part of the university's wider InterHome project, which is the development of a smart house. The house stores the usage patterns of the person living there and can adapt to making it use as little energy as possible. Connecting the two together and building the service element(元素) allow us to introduce the assisted living idea to care for the elderly. It's very important that these technologies are there to help and support rather than to replace any of the existing services.‎ The InterHome is not just a prototype (雏形) or a vehicle for research. It's a study tool to help students from different scientific backgrounds learn about and develop technology. The InterHome combines the latest broadband technology, mobile data and communication. Researchers and students make sure that all the technology works together. Students get experience by developing new hardware and software themselves. It requires a variety of skills from students—electronic engineers, computer students, design students and so on. “The present plan we are working on is a smart home project in Watford with some commercial companies，” said Johann Sian. “We are looking at how a smarter home can provide extra value services.”‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了一个旨在为居家老弱人士服务的智能屋项目。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：一个大学开发了一个能够照料居家老弱人士的项目。‎ 第二段：这个项目运作的具体介绍。‎ 第三段：这个项目的学术意义。‎ ‎❶　The underlined word “supervises” in Paragraph 1 probably means“ ____A____ ”．‎ A．watches over 　　　　　 B．gives support to C．directs 　　 D．comforts 解析：考查词义猜测。根据文章第二段的“allows us to monitor the condition of an elderly person, or whoever is wearing the device”，并结合画线词所在句子的语境可推知，supervise, monitor, watch over同义。故选A。‎ ‎❷　What is the InterHome project intended to do？____B____‎ A．Call on the students to care for old people.‎ B．Provide better care and services for the elderly.‎ C．Carry out all the work the existing services do.‎ D．Develop houses that mainly aim to save energy.‎ 解析：考查目的意图。根据第一段的“InterHome project aimed to create a home that supervises people living at home who are weak or elderly”和第二段的倒数第二句“Connecting the two together and building the service element(元素) ...to care for the elderly”可知，这个项目旨在为老年人提供护理和服务。故选B。‎ ‎❸　What can we learn about the InterHome project from the article？____D______‎ A．It is a large collection of many existing technologies.‎ B．It is just a platform to help students to do research work.‎ C．It is a smart home project developed by different universities.‎ D．It allows students to put into use and try out what they've learned.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段的第二句“It's a study tool to help students from different scientific backgrounds learn about and develop technology.”可推知，这一项目有利于学生学习和开发技术。故选D。‎ ‎❹　What is the main purpose of the author in writing this article？____C____‎ A．To build up a new platform for students to develop new technology.‎ B．To show how future buildings will change elderly people's way of life.‎ C．To describe a new project that aims to develop a smart home for the elderly.‎ D．To introduce a new kind of technology to help people to enjoy a better life.‎ 解析：考查写作意图。根据第一段的第二句“A project...has built on the university's InterHome project aimed to create a home that supervises people living at home who are weak or elderly”并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个旨在为居家老弱人士服务的智能屋项目。故选C。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·山西省八校第一次联考)‎ This is a time of year when high school students and their families are thinking hard about college. As seniors, juniors, and parents identify their top choices, discussions typically focus on the college itself. Is the institution small or large? How strong are the academics? What is the social life like? Do I like the campus? Such considerations are important, but they can cover the all－important question: Where will these college years lead?‎ Applicants should think seriously about which college on their list can best prepare them for the real world. They should look for campuses that offer well－structured programs to help them form a direction for their lives and develop the capacity to take steps along that path.‎ One of the most striking recent phenomena about college graduates in America has been the “boomerang” student: the young person who goes away to college, has a great experience, graduates, and then moves back home for a year or two to figure out what to do with his or her life. This pattern has left many graduates—and their families—wondering whether it makes sense to spend four or more years at college, often at great expense, and ‎ finish with no clear sense of who they are or what they want to do next.‎ The trend points to one of the great shortcomings of many of our nation's leading colleges and universities. Structured opportunities to think about life after graduation are rare. The formal curriculum focuses almost universally on the academic disciplines of the arts and sciences. Advising on how various majors connect to pathways into the workplace is typically haphazard (没有条理的). Career planning offices are often shorthanded and marginal(不重要的) to college life.‎ It doesn't need to be this way, and in recent years some of the country's top colleges have enriched their academic offerings with opportunities for students to gain real－world experiences.‎ 文章大意：本文为议论文，涉及大学教育话题。作者通过分析学生及其家长在选择大学时存在的问题提出了自己的看法：应该选择那些开设有提供职业指导和获取实践体验的机会的系统课程项目的大学 ‎❺　According to the author, what do typical discussions on college choices ignore？____A____‎ A．The function of college education in employment.‎ B．The difficulty in finding jobs after graduation.‎ C．High school students' interests.‎ D．The academics of college.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Such considerations are important，but they can cover the all－important question：Where will these college years lead？”可知，作者认为他们的讨论掩盖了一个极其重要的问题——大学生活会把学生带去哪里？再由下文的内容可知，此处指大学教育在就业方面的作用。故选A。‎ ‎❻　Which accounts for the “trend” mentioned in the text？____D____‎ A．Students failing to behave themselves.‎ B．Parents overprotecting their children.‎ C．Students choosing majors blindly.‎ D．Schools lacking proper guidance.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The trend points to one of the great shortcomings of many of our nation's leading colleges and universities”“The formal curriculum focuses almost universally on the academic disciplines of the arts and sciences.Advising on how various majors connect to pathways into the workplace is typically haphazard(没有条理的)”可知，这种趋势直指许多一流大学的不足。在校期间，大学生缺乏社会实践和就业指导，这致使他们毕业后无所适从，故选D。‎ ‎❼　What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph？____B____‎ A．Recipes for academic achievements.‎ B．Good academic programs in college.‎ C．Academic tips for college students.‎ D．Disadvantages of present college courses.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“the country's top colleges have enriched their academic offerings with opportunities for students to gain real－world experiences”可推知，下文可能会介绍一些大学开设的优秀学术课程，旨在给学生提供接触社会的实践机会，以此和上文形成对比，故选B。‎ ‎❽　What's the best title for the text？____A____‎ A．A good way to choose a college B．A new trend in top colleges C．Connect subjects with life beyond college D．Make college one of life's richest experiences 解析：考查主旨要义。作者首先分析了家长和学生选择大学时存在的问题，接着提出了自己的看法，即建议学生和家长选择那些开设有提供职业指导和获取实践体验的机会的系统课程项目的大学。最后指出其他大学的一些好的做法来验证自己的结论。总的来说，文章是围绕“选择大学的好方法”进行的，故选A。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·湖南省六校联盟联考)‎ I told my friend Graham that I often cycle two miles from my house ‎ to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He replied, “You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.‎ My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.‎ Problems are there to be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, “The character cannot be developed with ease. Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.”‎ One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own. While we cannot choose adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.‎ Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident. He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans. He was an inspiration to others during the war. He said, “Don't listen to anyone who tells you that you can't do this or that. That's nonsense. Make up your mind, and you'll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.”‎ The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took ‎ steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge. They won. Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”骑自行车去镇中心要经过山地，“我”经历了从开始的抱怨到将山地当作锻炼契机的过程。人生之旅也是如此，我们要有战胜生活中的艰难的勇气。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：“我”的朋友Graham建议“我”把骑自行车从家到镇中心要经过山地当成锻炼。‎ 第二段：“我”听从了朋友的建议，视沿途的山地为锻炼的好地方。‎ 第三段：人生之旅就如同沿途的这座山地，并不是一帆风顺的，也需要克服艰难险阻。‎ 第四段：成功的关键是面对困难的态度。‎ 第五段：Douglas Bader面对双腿截肢仍坚持飞行梦想，成为战争中的英雄。 ‎ 第六段：总结全文——成功人士成功的关键是面对困难的态度。‎ ‎[难句分析]　Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free.‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句，句中who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles为定语从句，修饰先行词people；when I can get the same value for free为when引导的时间状语从句。‎ 译文：与我免费获得的锻炼效果一样，我想那些花钱去健身房用固定式健身自行车锻炼的人是愚蠢的；最后我以此安慰自己。‎ ‎❾　Which of the following is true according to the author of the passage？____A____‎ A．Those who want to achieve success can't expect to live an easy life.‎ B．Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise.‎ C．Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people's health.‎ D．People's attitude to hardships is the only factor of their Success.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段的第二句“We cannot achieve anything with an easy life”可知，简单容易的生活不会使我们取得成功；据此可以推断，想要成功就不要期望过容易的生活，故A项正确。‎ 　By quoting what Douglas Bader said, the author intends to tell us“____C____”．‎ A．Failure is the mother of success B．A bad workman quarrels with his tools C．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try D．If you risk nothing, you will have nothing 解析：考查目的意图。根据第五段Douglas Bader所讲的“Make up your mind, and you'll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything...impossible”可知，Douglas Bader认为面对困难应当勇敢尝试，不要听信别人所言的太困难或不可能，没有什么克服不了的困难；据此可以判断，作者引用Douglas Bader的话旨在说明，对于勇于尝试的人来说，世界上没有克服不了的困难。故C项正确。‎ 　Following this passage, the author will further talk about ____C____.‎ A．how his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced B．why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble C．what steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face D．what great people have in common 解析：考查推理判断。根据文章最后一句“Nevertheless，there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity”可知，如何改变面对困难的态度仍然是一个问题；据此可以判断，下文将就此问题作进一步的阐述。故C项正确。‎ 　Which of the following can best function as the title of the ‎ passage？____B____‎ A．Different attitudes towards misfortune B．Face difficulties with a smile C．Nothing is impossible D．Life is full of adversity 解析：考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文作者通过叙述将骑自行车经过的山地视为锻炼的机会及Helen Keller和Douglas Bader的故事说明，成功的关键是面对困难的积极态度。故B项最能概括主题。‎ ‎　　　　 ‎(2018·安徽省合肥市二模)‎ Bees play a vital role in the world. Unfortunately, bees are dying by the second.‎ The main purpose of bees is to make honey. Honey, shockingly, does not exist for human consumption; it is essential to the insects. Honeybees store honey in their hives (蜂箱) in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period. They collect pollen (花粉)which supplies protein for young bees to grow.‎ According to National Honey Board, the increased production and quality of agricultural crops as a result of honeybee pollination are valued at more than $ 14.6 billion per year. These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, coffee, beans, and broccoli.‎ So if they are so valuable to agriculture, why do they keep dying off? A key suspect seems to be pesticides (农药). Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides result in the damage to their neurological (神经系统的) functions, specifically memory or behavior. And that's why the majority of worker bees disappear and leave behind a queen, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees and the queen. There are several other causes of the decline of bees, including the destruction ‎ of natural habitats, like woodlands, forests, and other habitats for bees. Climate change is also a factor in the decline of the wild bee population.‎ Actually, there are a variety of methods to help the bee population grow. One way is to start your own organic garden by planting bee－friendly plants. Pesticides are used in both industrial practices and even in your home, so it is best to find organic seeds and weed killers.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。蜜蜂在生物世界里起着重要的作用，但是由于农药的滥用，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。本文给出了增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。‎ ‎[段意梳理]　‎ 第一段：开门见山，给出全文话题——蜜蜂在世界上起着重要的作用，但是许多蜜蜂在死亡。‎ 第二段：蜜蜂给人类的贡献是蜂蜜，该段介绍了它们传播花粉、储藏蜂蜜的原因。‎ 第三段：蜜蜂对水果和蔬菜的生产有着重要的作用。‎ 第四段：由于农药的滥用，大批蜜蜂正在死亡。‎ 第五段：介绍增加蜜蜂数量的方法。‎ ‎[难句分析]　These insects are responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today, including apples, grapes, coffee, beans, and broccoli.‎ 分析：本句为主从复合句，句中we eat today为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词the fruits and vegetables。‎ 译文：这些昆虫对我们如今所食用的超过70种的水果和蔬菜负责，包括苹果、葡萄、咖啡、豆类和西蓝花。‎ 　Why do honeybees store honey in their hives？____D____‎ A．To provide enough honey for humans to consume.‎ B．To draw protein out of honey for young bees.‎ C．To help attract other insects and make hives stronger.‎ D．To strengthen bee muscles and heat hives in winter.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的第三句“Honeybees store honey in their ‎ hives(蜂箱)in order for the bees to have energy for their flight muscles and for heating the hives during the winter period”可知，蜜蜂储藏蜂蜜是为了增强飞行肌肉的力量，在冬天为蜂箱加热，故D项正确。‎ 　Apples and beans are mentioned in the third paragraph to show that____C____.‎ A．bees supply human beings with basic food B．bees mainly live on these agricultural crops C．bees are of great importance to fruits and vegetables D．bees can bring in more money for farmers every year 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段的“These insects aer responsible for over 70 of the fruits and vegetables we eat today，including apples，grapes，coffee，beans，and broccoli”可知，该段提及苹果和豆类旨在说明蜜蜂对水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C项正确。‎ 　What is most likely to cause the worker bees to leave their hives behind？____B____‎ A．The lack of food.‎ B．The abuse of pesticides.‎ C．The fighting among bees.‎ D．The destruction of the habitats.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Honeybees who are exposed to pesticides...And that's why the majority of worker bees disappear”可知，农药的滥用导致了工蜂离开蜂箱，故B项正确。‎ 　What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows？____A____‎ A．Another way to save bees.‎ B．Other tips for choosing seeds.‎ C．More methods to plant green organic fruits.‎ D．Causes of the decline in the wild bee population.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段的第一、二句“Actually，there are a ‎ variety of methods to help the bee population grow.One way is to start your own organic garden by planting bee－friendly plants”可知，该段主要介绍了帮助蜜蜂增加数量的方法之一：种植对蜜蜂无害的植物。据此可以推断，下文将介绍其他的帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法，故A项正确。‎