【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题细节推理判断解题典题例举（6页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题细节推理判断解题典题例举（6页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题 细节推理判断解题典题例举 ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)‎ Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.‎ ‎...‎ ‎28．What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?‎ A．They developed very fast.‎ B．They were large in number.‎ C．They had similar patterns.‎ D．They were closely connected.‎ ‎[解析]　选B　根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。‎ ‎[干扰项分析]　根据选段第二句可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C、D两项错误；根据本段内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度，可排除A项。‎ ‎[增分技巧]　细节推断题考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。‎ 解答这类题的一般步骤是：‎ ‎(1)定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点；‎ ‎(2)字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意思；‎ ‎(3)深层理解：结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。‎ 细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。‎ 训练目标(一) ‎ 对点练——攻克失分短板 A(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D节选)‎ We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style.That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.‎ ‎...‎ ‎32. What does the author think of new devices?‎ A．They are environmentfriendly.‎ B．They are no better than the old.‎ C．They cost more to use at home.‎ D．They go out of style quickly.‎ 解析：选A　根据选段最后一句中的“these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知，这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源，由此可推知新的设备更节能、更环保。‎ B(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C节选)‎ ‎...‎ When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading.It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.‎ ‎...‎ ‎30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?‎ A．Ebooks are of poor quality.‎ B．It could be a waste of time.‎ C．It may harm children’s health.‎ D．Ereaders are expensive.‎ 解析：选C　根据选段最后一句中的“many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可知，许多家长仍然限制孩子阅读电子读物的原因，主要是担心孩子看电子屏幕时间增加，也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。‎ C(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B节选)‎ I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.‎ ‎...‎ ‎24．What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?‎ A．Efforts made in vain.‎ B．Getting injured in his work.‎ C．Feeling uncertain about his future.‎ D．Creatures forced out of their homes.‎ 解析：选A　根据选段的“Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知，救助一些受伤、流离失所或病残的动物有时是令人心碎的，因为不能保证野生动物会 存活下去，由此可推断作者的救助有时是徒劳的。故选A。‎ D(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)‎ ‎...‎ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.‎ ‎...‎ ‎30．What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?‎ A．It will disappear gradually.‎ B．It remains black and white.‎ C．It should keep up with the times.‎ D．It changes every 50 years.‎ 解析：选C　根据选段内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可推知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。‎ 高考真题链接 When I was in elementary school my parents would give me a dollar if I received an A in “Behavior” on our quarterly report cards.They didn’t pay for good academic grades, although it was clear that they expected my very best effort.If that best effort resulted in a B instead of an A in a particular subject, that was OK.But anything less than an A in Behavior was inexcusable.‎ When I became a parent, I thought about this practice a lot, particularly around the arrival of my kids’ report cards.Never completely understanding my parents’ practice and feeling funny about rewarding good behavior with cash, I decided not to pay my kids for good conduct or for good academic grades.But results of a recent study from the Harvard Graduate School of Education made me think harder about what, exactly, my parents may have been trying to accomplish.‎ Surprisingly, according to the study, more than 80% of the 10,000 students surveyed ranked achievement or personal happiness over kindness.Yet, in the same study, 96% of parents indicated that it’s important for their children to have a strong moral compass.‎ The researchers in this study call this a rhetoric/reality gap (差距) — a gap between what adults say and what they do.And it sends, at the very least, a mixed message to kids about our core (核心) values.Kindness matters.It matters globally, as a healthy society needs people who care about the needs of others.And it matters to each of us personally.People can’t be truly happy if they are cruel.‎ So how can we let kids know that doing well in school matters but so does being a person of good character？I think that’s what my parents were trying to help me understand.My report card probably had a dozen letter grades measuring scholastic achievement, but only one for conduct.Pulling a dollar out of his wallet every grading period may have been my father’s way of balancing the scale (天平) — making sure that the one important grade buried on the back of the report got its due.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在看完一项研究的结果后深入思考，最终意识到了父母当年奖励自己的品行的良苦用心。‎ ‎9．What did the author’s parents reward with money?‎ A．Good conduct.‎ B．Personal happiness.‎ C．Academic progress.‎ D．High academic grades.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段中的“my parents would give me a dollar if I received an A in ‘Behavior’”可知，作者的父母用钱奖励作者良好的品行。A项中的conduct“举止，表现”与文中的“Behavior”为同义转换，故选A。‎ ‎ ★10.What can be inferred about the rhetoric/reality gap?‎ A．It is caused by kids.‎ B．It is bad for society.‎ C．It is quite expectable.‎ D．It is good for individuals.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第三、四段可知，该差距指很多父母口头上说道德很重要，但他们的行为让孩子们觉得成就或个人的幸福比道德更重要。再由第四段后半部分可知，道德对于社会和个人都非常重要。据此可推断，该差距对社会不利。‎ ‎★11.What does the author think of his report card?‎ A．It helped promote core values.‎ B．It ignored students’ social behavior.‎ C．It should attach more importance to conduct.‎ D．It was well balanced between grades and behavior.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“My report card probably had a dozen letter grades measuring scholastic achievement, but only one for conduct ...got its due.”可知，作者的成绩报告单过分重视学业成绩，虽也包括品行的部分，但是显得微不足道。作者的父母奖励好的品行正是为了弥补这一不足。据此可推断，作者认为成绩报告单应该给予学生的品行更多的重视。‎