【英语】2020届北京市海淀区高三一模试题（解析版）

【英语】2020届北京市海淀区高三一模试题（解析版）

‎2020届北京市海淀区高三一模 英语试题 第一部分： 知识运用 （共 两 节，5 45 分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）‎ 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，‎ 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ A At 8, I started taking art lessons (1) ________ (improve) my painting skills. However, later, I found that I focused too much on mastering different techniques. Eventually, I became more distressed when my expectations weren’t matched. ‎ So, in the 11 th Grade, I returned to the basics. On (2) ________ sketchbook I forced myself to draw whatever interested me. Over time, I have been released from the tight control. I have learned that a good painting is not about having perfect technique. In fact, all I need to do is trust my (3) ________ (create) talents and find moments of joy in life.‎ ‎1.【答案】to improve ‎【解析】本题考查非谓语做状语；提示词improve为动词，句子中，前面的代词I与名词lessons，都不能充当improve的主语，所以improve需要做非谓语。按照三步式解题：1）其逻辑主语是I；2）improve与逻辑主语之间是主动关系；3）且improve动作发生在start taking之后，故使用不定式。在句子中充当目的状语。翻译为“在8岁时，我开始学习艺术课程，去改进我的绘画技能。”故正确答案是to improve。‎ ‎2.【答案】a ‎【解析】本题考查冠词；本题无提示词，且位置是在介词后名词前，考虑冠词。冠词分为泛指和特指，由于本题前面没有出现过sketchbook，可以使用冠词a，句意为“我强迫自己在速写本上画任何让我感兴趣的东西”，故正确答案是a。‎ ‎3.【答案】creative ‎【解析】本题考查词性变换；本题提示词为create，是动词。在句子中处于形容词性物主代词my和名词talents之间，需要充当定语。creative talents则是“创造才能”。结合本句中，翻译为“实际上，我所需要去做的就是相信我的创造能力和找到生命中的欢乐”，故正确答案是 creative。‎ B In recent years, trampolining(蹦床) has become a new craze among Chinese youths. Short videos (4) ________ (show) people’s excitement about jumping back and forth on the colorful trampolines are regularly uploaded to social media. Most videos feature teenagers, but adults too have jumped on the trend, hoping to relive their childhood.‎ Compared with soccer, basketball, tennis or any other competitive sports, (5)________ various injuries occur from time to time, trampolining is relatively (6)________ (safe). However, preparation and safety always come first. You must do warm-up exercises before playing and you can’t lose concentration during the movements.‎ ‎4.【答案】showing ‎【解析】本题考查非谓语做后置定语；提示词show为动词，需要考虑做谓语或者非谓语。 将这句子中的谓语动词找出来，后面有一个are uploaded，然后匹配主语。可以看到前面的 excitement（动词宾语），jumping（介宾），trampolines（介宾），都不能充当其主语。又因为这个谓语动词是被动，结合其词意，只能判定其主语是 short videos。所以提示词show，只能充当非谓语。使用三步式解题：1）其逻辑主语是 short videos；2）show一般做“显示”词意时，用主动；3）而和主句的谓语动词uploaded比较，不能在其之后，所以选择使用 showing 做后置定语。翻译为“那些显示人们在彩色蹦床上蹦来蹦去获得欢乐的短视频，被频繁上传到社交媒体上。”故正确答案是showing。‎ ‎5.【答案】where ‎【解析】本题考查定语从句；空格处无提示词，并且后面是一个句子，考虑是从句。因为前面是非谓语做状语，并且存在一系列名词可以充当先行词，如soccer，basketball，tennis，any other competitive sports, 本空格所在句子是完整的（主谓），需要填写的是状语部分。所以填写where，等同于 in which，翻译为“在这些运动中，各种各样的伤害时不时发生”。故正确答案是where。‎ ‎6.【答案】safer ‎【解析】本题考查形容词；提示词safe为形容词，位置处于is后，考虑词性为形容词，且有relatively修饰，词意为“相对地”，所以，使用比较级。翻译为“蹦床相对安全”，故正确答案是 safer。‎ C A new report shows that China’s urban pet consumer market (7) ________ (expect) to break ‎ through the 200 billion yuan threshold this year. Young people in big cities are the main contributors. ‎ Nowadays, with the cost of living rising, young people (8) ________ (suffer) from greater loneliness and pressure. They are busy working all day in a competitive environment, leaving little time for fun and friends. That may explain (9) ________ more and more young people are choosing to keep pets (10) ________ companionship. Apart from relieving loneliness, many scientific studies have shown that keeping a pet reduces stress and may even improve overall health.‎ ‎7.【答案】is expected ‎【解析】本题考查谓语动词；提示词expect为动词，考虑谓语动词或者非谓语动词，由于前面 China’s urban pet consumer market，可以充当 expect 的主语，所以判定expect 做谓语。另外，expect 这个词，be expected to 意为“预料；预计”，翻译为“中国城市宠物消费市场预计今年将突破 2000 亿门槛。”故正确答案是 is expected。‎ ‎8.【答案】are suffering ‎【解析】本题考查谓语动词；提示词 suffer 是动词，且句中没有谓语动词,所以判定suffer 做谓语。本句有自己的时间提示词 nowadays，判定时态是现在时，且根据句意确定为现在进行时；语态为主动；主语为 young people 复数（可以结合下句 they 判定）。故正确答案是 are suffering。‎ ‎9.【答案】why ‎【解析】本题考查名从；空格处无提示词。空格处是一个句子，且处于 may explain后，所以判定为宾语从句。句子结构完整，且根据句意“那可以解释（为什么）越来越多的年轻人选择宠物做伴”。故正确答案是 why。‎ ‎10.【答案】for ‎【解析】本题考查介词；空格处无提示词，位置处于名词 pets 和 companionship 之间。只能考虑连词或者介词。根据句意“养宠物做伴”。故正确答案是 for。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ I was 11 when I asked my mum for piano lessons. We were in an economic crisis and she’d recently been ________ (11) off. She said a polite “no”.‎ That didn’t ________ (12) me. I drew a keyboard onto a piece of paper and stuck it on my desk. I would ________ (13) notes on an online keyboard and “play” them back on my paper ‎ one—keeping the sound they made on the computer in my head. I spent six months playing without ________ (14) a real piano. As my mum found I was ________ (15) about it, she bought me 10 lessons with borrowed money. ‎ I still remember the first one. I was ________ (16) by how organic the sound of the piano was, as I had become familiar with the ________ (17) electronic sound. The teacher was trying to explain where middle C was, but I could ________ (18) play all the major and minor scales. ‎ I ________ (19) my grade one after eight lessons and got distinction. By the time I started secondary school, we couldn’t ________ (20) lessons again, so I returned to my paper keyboard. I passed grade three, then grade five, practising only on my piece of paper. ‎ For the grades above that, there’s an ________ (21) that you add a certain sensitivity into your playing. The music teacher at my school said I could practise on the school’s grand piano. I would wake up at 5:30 am to get there in time and play until lessons started. I’d ________ (22) lunch and then practise after school until the caretaker kicked me out. At home, I’d have dinner, do three hours of revision, and then ________ (23) practice until 1:00 am. ‎ My school didn’t offer music A-level. I found the Purcell School for young musicians. The audition (试 镜 ) was extremely ________ (24), and I felt overwhelmed. To my amazement, I was offered a ________ (25). ‎ I had been told I had started playing too ________ (26) to reach conservatoire (音乐学院) level, but when I left Purcell, I was awarded the senior piano prize. That was the point when I realized I wasn’t behind everyone else. I am now at the Guildhall School in London, where I was offered a scholarship. I feel ________ (27): It’s been 10 years since I drew my paper piano and I’m at one of the world’s ________ (28) conservatoires. ‎ The irony is that I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano—what we call mental practice. It ________ (29) key areas of the mind that are less readily accessed by piano playing alone. The paper piano helped stimulate my ________ (30) about how music works.‎ ‎11. A. laid B. pushed C. dropped D. knocked ‎12. A. annoy B. bother C. embarrass D. discourage ‎13. A. take B. sign C. click D. compose ‎14. A. seeing B. touching C. enjoying D. choosing ‎15. A. serious B. careful C. hesitant D. nervous ‎16. A. struck B. puzzled C. comforted D. inspired ‎17. A. natural B. artificial C. practical D. magical ‎18. A. only B. still C. hardly D. already ‎19. A. sat B. joined C. failed D. repeated ‎20. A. offer B. teach C. afford D. observe ‎21. A. attitude B. expectation C. opinion D. opportunity ‎22. A. avoid B. miss C. save D. skip ‎23. A. social B. mental C. mechanical D. physical ‎24. A. fascinating B. motivating C. frightening D. challenging ‎25. A. course B. reward C. place D. certificate ‎26. A. soon B. late C. hurriedly D. suddenly ‎27. A. proud B. lucky C. ambitious D. grateful ‎28. A. grand B. strict C. leading D. expensive ‎29. A. builds B. covers C. defines D. unlocks ‎30. A. prediction B. memory C. curiosity D. imagination ‎11.【答案】A ‎【解析】本题是动词题；根据前文中“economic crisis ”可知作者家中经济困难，妈妈近期被解雇（lay off）。其余选项含义为：push off（推迟，离开），drop off（减少），knock off（击倒）；故正确答案是 A。‎ ‎12.【答案】D ‎【解析】本题是动词题；根据后一句“I drew a key onto a pieces of paper and stuckit on my desk”，可知作者并没有气馁（discourage）。其余选项含义为：annoy（惹恼，惹怒）， bother（打扰，烦扰），embarrass（使尴尬）；故正确答案是 D。‎ ‎13.【答案】C ‎【解析】本题是动词题；根据句意动宾搭配可知作者点击（click）音符。其余选项含义为：take（带来），sign（签署），compose（作曲）；故正确答案是 C。‎ ‎14.【答案】B ‎【解析】本题是动词题；由于前文“play them back on my paper one”可知我这六个月没有触碰（touching）一个真正的钢琴。其余选项含义为：seeing（看到），enjoying（享受），choosing（选择）；故正确答案是 B。15.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题是形容词题；根据前文“I spent six months playing without touching areal piano”以及后文“she bought me 10 lessons with borrowed money”可知妈妈发现我对弹钢琴是很认真的（serious）。其余选项含义为：careful（仔细的），hesitant（犹豫的），nervous（紧张的）；故正确答案是 A。‎ ‎16.【答案】A ‎【解析】本题是动词题；根据句意可知我仍然记得第一次弹钢琴时，我被钢琴声所打动（struck）。其余选项含义为：puzzled（使困惑），comforted（安慰，安抚），inspired（激发，鼓舞）；故正确答案是 A。‎ ‎17.【答案】B ‎【解析】本题是形容词题；根据前文“I drew a keyboard onto a piece of paper”和“and “play” them back on my paper one”可知之前我弹的琴都是伪造的（artificial）音乐声。其余选项含义为：natural（自然的），practical（实际的），magical（有魔力的）；故正确答案是 B。‎ ‎18.【答案】D ‎【解析】本题是副词题；根据句意可知老师一直尝试给我解释 C 大调在哪里，但是我已经（already）可以演奏所有的大调和小调了。其余选项含义为：only（仅仅），still（仍然）， hardly（几乎不）；故正确答案是 D。‎ ‎19.【答案】A ‎【解析】本题是动词题；根据句意可知，根据句意可知，我参加一级考试，sit 可有参加考试之意。其余选项含义为：join（参加），faild（失败），repeated（重复）；故正确答案是 A。‎ ‎20.【答案】C ‎【解析】本题是动词题；根据后文“I returned to my paper keyboard”可知我们无法再一次支付得起（afford）课程了。其余选项含义为：offer （提供），teach（教授），observe（观察）；故正确答案是 C。‎ ‎21.【答案】B ‎【解析】本题是名词题；根据上文，我通过 paper piano 逐渐取得了成功，上一段最后一句中关键词“only”，表明我想练习真正的钢琴。根据本句，期望在演凑中加入敏感性或者理解，选择 expectation。其余选项含义为：attitude（态度），opportunity（机会），opinion（观点）；故正确答案是 B。‎ ‎22.【答案】D ‎【解析】本题是动词题；文章句意的理解，我跳过午饭，然后去练习直到看门的人让我出去。所以选择 skip。其余选项含义为：avoid（避免），miss（错过），save（节省）；故正确答案是 D。‎ ‎23.【答案】B ‎【解析】本题是形容词题，根据上文，我现在已经到了家里，没有钢琴，所以选择mental。其余选项含义为：social（社会的），mechanical（机械的），physical（物理的，身体的）；故正确答案是 B。‎ ‎24.【答案】D ‎【解析】本题是形容词题；根据下句“and I felt overwhelmed.”可知，我的感觉是不知所措的，不堪重负的，所以选 challenging。其余选项含义为：fascinating（迷人的），motivating (鼓舞的），frighting（令人恐惧的）；故正确答案是 D。‎ ‎25.【答案】C ‎【解析】本题是名词题；根据本句“To my amazement”,说明与前文转折， I was offered a place ,表示我被录取了。其余选项含义为：course（课程），reward（回报，报酬），certificate（证书）；故正确答案是 C。‎ ‎26.【答案】B ‎【解析】本题是副词题；根据前文，我是 11 岁才开始学习钢琴，比较晚，所以选择late。其余选项含义为：soon（快地），hurriedly（匆忙地），suddenly（突然地）；故正确答案是 B。‎ ‎27.【答案】A ‎【解析】本题是形容词题；根据上文，我收到了奖学金，根据下文，我现在处于世界顶级音乐学院，表明作者对此事的满意和骄傲，选 proud,其余选项含义为：lucky（幸运的），ambitious（有雄心的），grateful（感谢的）；故正确答案是 A。‎ ‎28.【答案】C ‎【解析】本题是形容词题；根据本句，我现在处于世界领先的音乐学院，所以选leading。其余选项含义为：grand（宏伟的），strict（严格的），expensive（昂贵的）；故正确答案是 C。‎ ‎29.【答案】D ‎【解析】本题是动词题；根据句意，它打开了大脑中那些不太容易被钢琴触及的区域，选择 unlocks.其余选项含义为：build（建立），cover（覆盖），define（定义）；故正确答案是 D。‎ ‎30.【答案】C ‎【解析】本题是名词题；根据本句这有利于激发我对音乐如何运作的好奇心。其余选项含义为：prediction（预报，预言），memory（记忆），imagination（想象力）；故正确答案是 C。‎ 第 二 部分：阅读理解（共两节，0 40 分）‎ 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A What are some of your favorite memories of the University?‎ In preparation for each fall’s 50th reunion, members of the milestone class are asked to recall campus memories for an annual Memory Book.‎ Here’s a small selection of some memories from the Class of 1969.‎ Phyllis Jo Baunach ‎“... I cannot forget the endless hours studying, researching, and learning in the middle of the musty books in the stacks. We did everything by hand! But the joys of ideas coming to life and understanding thorny concepts are priceless.‎ Additionally, I cannot forget the joyful hours of Co-Kast rehearsals for student-written-and-directed plays, and the thrill of audiences’ responses to our efforts. Nor will I ever forget taking voice lessons at the Eastman School of Music. This course gave me confidence to try new musical approaches and to think on my feet.”‎ Paul Boehm ‎“... many sweet and lasting memories—five feet of deep snow, getting stranded on the Thruway, music at Hylie Morris’s Alley, and of course, I met my wife of 48 years, Ellen Blazer Boehm from the Class of 1972, when she was a freshman and I was a senior. As a five-year chemical engineering major, I had one elective to spare, and Ellen said, ‘How about oceanography?’ So, I enrolled in oceanography with Dr. Taro Takahashi (the famous climate scientist), which awakened my environmental juices, and changed my professional direction.”‎ Farel Vella McClure ‎“... I truly loved my four undergraduate years at the University of Rochester. In fact, I loved it so much that I stayed an extra year to get a master’s degree! I was very fortunate to have been totally ‎ immersed in student life on campus. My memories include campaigning and winning a seat on the student government during my freshman year. Other memories include the Susan B. Anthony banquet, and sleeping in the comfy chairs in the library. I was also privileged to be selected as a student representative on the design team for the new Wilson Commons. I. M. Pei, the famous architect who designed the Louvre Pyramid, was the architect for Wilson Commons. We even visited his offices in New York to see the ‘master’ at work.”‎ ‎31. According to the passage, Paul Boehm ________.‎ A. married Ellen Blazer in 1972‎ B. disliked his major in university C. became a famous climate scientist later D. discovered his interest in environmental science ‎31.【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考查文章细节；根据文章第五段最后一句可知，Paul Boehm 报名了海洋学作为自己的选修课，且原文中的“awakened my environmental juices”与 D 选项中的 discovered his interest 相对应，故正确答案是 D。‎ ‎32. What can we learn about Farel Vella McClure?‎ A. She was a world-famous designer.‎ B. She was active in school activities.‎ C. She had a hard time getting her master’s.‎ D. She once met I. M. Pei at the Louvre Pyramid.‎ ‎32.【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考查推理判断；根据文章第六段可知，Farel 回顾了自己在大学生活时的种种事情，包括参加运动、学生会、宴会、作为设计队的学生代表、参观 I.M. Pei 的办公室等，说明了她在大学活动中非常活跃，故正确答案是 B。‎ ‎33. The three people all talked about ________.‎ A. their beloved professors B. their great friendship C. their learning experiences D. their beautiful campus ‎33.【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考查文章细节；题目问“三个人全都谈论到的是什么”。根据文章Phyllis Jo Baunach 的回忆“…I cannot forget the endless hours studying, researching, and learning in the ‎ middle of the musty books in the stack.”，第五段 Paul Boehm 的回忆“So, I enrolled in oceanography with Dr. Taro Takahashi…”，以及第六段 Farel Vella MeClure 的回忆“In fact, I loved it so much that I stayed an extra year to get a master’s degree!”可知，三个人全都谈论到了“他们的学习经历”，故正确答案是 C。‎ B Early February, I was flying up to Ohio. Well prepared, I had everything in my favour—fuel for five hours, charts in order, my flight plan on my lap, and a beautiful clear sky.‎ I was wrong.‎ I had heard about Alberta Clippers coming out of Canada. I knew all about them—how an entire air mass was streaming along at over sixty miles an hour.‎ That morning, the Weather Briefer informed me that an Alberta Clipper was going over Chicago about the time I got to the airport. Chicago was some 400 miles from my destination—not a factor, or so I thought. That was the first hint I missed.‎ The controller called and asked if I wanted to adjust my flight plan. I did the check and everything was in the green. So I told him no. Twenty minutes later the controller called again asking whether I wanted to adjust my flight plan. I checked everything. All was fine. I ignored that hint. I was fooled by the smooth air and limited experience with a rapidly moving air mass that was not changing violently. The Alberta Clipper was clipping along.‎ The first blast of turbulence(气流) struck my plane. I got slammed into the roof, and then slammed sideways hitting the window with such force up my nose that I started bleeding. ‎ After a 2-hour flight of 100 miles, I realized fuel was now an issue. So was landing. I called Flight Following. We figured out the airport I could land.‎ The engine stopped. So did my heart. There is no quiet as quietly stunning as this one at such an altitude. I had run out of fuel in the left tank, and only a little in my right tank. The engine quit for a second time. I declared an emergency. I was told that I might get another few minutes of fuel if I gently banked the airplane. Luckily, it worked. Then, the engine quit for the last time. I was a glider now. I made a long lazy spiral descent. Down I went. I stopped at the very end of the runway.‎ I made so many mistakes, missed so many clues, and showed my ignorance so much that I beat myself up over and over again in my mind. I learned textbook descriptions of Alberta Clippers and real-life experience with one are totally different. I will never forget the sound ‎ of that silence.‎ I flew home the next day. Older. Wiser. Humbler. Lucky.‎ ‎34. We can know from the passage that Alberta Clippers ________.‎ A. can bring snowstorms B. are quick-moving air masses C. are violently changing air pressure D. can lead to a sudden temperature drop ‎34.【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考查文章细节；根据文章第三段第 2 句可知，被称为 Alberta Clipper的冷空气气旋以每小时超过 60 英里的速度流动。故正确答案是 B。‎ ‎35. What mainly led to the author’s missing all the hints?‎ A. His lack of flying experience.‎ B. His poor preparation for the journey.‎ C. His misjudgement about the air mass.‎ D. His overconfidence in his piloting skills.‎ ‎35.【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考查文章细节；根据文章第四段最后一句话和第五段倒数第 2 句和倒数第 3 句可知，我忽略了指挥员的多次暗示，被平稳的空气气流以及变化不明显的空气质量所愚弄了。故正确答案是 C。‎ ‎36. Which is the right order of the event?‎ a. I declared an emergency.‎ b. My airplane was running out of fuel.‎ c. I insisted on carrying on my flight plan.‎ d. I was thrown to the roof by the violent air mass.‎ e. I slightly banked my airplane and made a landing.‎ A. dcbea B. dceba C. cdabe D. cdbae ‎36.【答案】D ‎【解析】本题考查文章细节；根据整篇文章事件发生的先后顺序和前五段，可知第一个事件是 c,我坚持我的飞行计划；根据文章第六段第 2 句话，可知第二个事件是 d,我被摔到了机舱内顶部；根据文章第八段第 4 句话，可知第三个事件是 b,‎ 飞机燃料用光了；根据文章第八段第 6 句话，可知第四个事件是 a,我宣布了紧急救助；根据文章第 8 段第 7 句话可知第五个事件是 e，我轻微地倾斜飞行然后着陆。故正确答案是D。‎ ‎37. The passage describe ________.‎ A. a rewarding training B. a narrow escape C. a painful exploration D. a serious accident ‎37.【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考查文章主旨；A 选项意为“一次有益的训练”，B 选项意为“一次死里逃生”，C 选项意为“一次痛苦的探索”,D 选项意为“一个严重的事故”，整篇文章讲述了一个飞行员在飞行途中遭遇冷空气气旋，最后克服重重困难并使飞机成功着 陆的故事；故正确答案是 B。‎ C There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, "My mum says I’m much more impatient with her when I'm filming Sherlock. "‎ Mark Seton, a researcher at the University of Sydney, has even coined the term "post-dramatic stress disorder" to describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role. "Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied," he writes.‎ A recent finding doesn't involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers' sense of self, led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events.‎ After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self-knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they'd given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term "confident" was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend's personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to ‎ see themselves as more confident. Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else's perspective and re-rating oneself.‎ ‎"By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person," said Meyer and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to establish a firm sense of identity. Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves—or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light—might be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.‎ ‎"As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to ignore, " write Meyer and her colleagues, "we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are. "‎ ‎38. The first two paragraphs mainly ________.‎ A. state that acting requires skills B. explain the stress that an actor faces C. show that a role leaves a mark on the actor D. stress the importance of devoting oneself to a role ‎38.【答案】C ‎【解析】本题考查段落主旨，根据文章第一段第一句 There is certainly evidence thatactors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters，以及第二段结尾句：Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied,"可知演员会受到自己所参演角色的影响，并且这种影响会很持久，故正确答案是 C。‎ ‎39. What does the underlined phrase "rub off on" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A. Influence.‎ B. Strengthen.‎ C. Confuse.‎ D. Determine.‎ ‎39.【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考查猜词题，通过文章第四段前两句 After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self-knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they'd given for someone else 可知，志愿者对于自己的认知受到了第三方的影响；故正确答案是 A。‎ ‎40. According to the study, taking the perspective of another person ________.‎ A. brings changes to one's self-knowledge B. motivates one to better understand himself C. helps people deal with their identity problems D. produces temporary effects on one's character ‎40.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】本题考查细节题；根据文章第 4 段“After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self-knowledge was now changed – their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they’d given for someone else.”可知志愿者的自我认知受到了第三方的影响，进一步发生了改变 。故正确答案是 A。‎ ‎41. What is the significance of the study?‎ A. It offers instructions on making friends.‎ B. It proposes a means to improve ourselves.‎ C. It gives advice on adjusting one's emotions.‎ D. It presents a way to deal with stress disorder.‎ ‎41.【答案】B ‎【解析】本题考查主旨题；通过文章倒数第二段 Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves—or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light—might be a little easier 可知通过这项研究我们可以知道改变自己并不是很困难的事情，进一步可以对我们自身进行提升 。故正确答案是 B。‎ D In college, I was taught an elegant theory of chemical combination based on excess electrons going into holes in the orbital shell of a neighbouring atom. But what about diatomic compounds like oxygen gas? Don’t ask; students aren’t ready to know. In physics, in biology, in any other ‎ science classes, students frequently get that answer too.‎ It’s time to trust students to handle doubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting to act. They have shamed their seniors into including more diverse contributors as faculty members and role models. Young scholars rudely ask their superiors why they fail to address the extinction crises clarified by their research. The inherited authoritarian political structures of science education are becoming lame—but still remain largely unchanged from the old school days.‎ A narrow, rigid education does not prepare anyone for the complexities of scientific research, applications and policy. If we discourage students from inquiring into the real nature of scientific truths, or exploring how society shapes the questions that researchers ask, how can we prepare them to maintain public trust in science in our “post-truth” world? Diversity and doubt produce creativity; we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.‎ In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned. The unifying patterns of the periodic table are now questioned under closer examination. Some scientists now wonder whether the concept of biological “species” contributes more confusion than insight, and whether it should therefore be abandoned. However, such a decision would affect conservation policy, in which identification of endangered species is crucial——so it is not just an issue for basic science.‎ Science students generally remain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable. In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments among scientists often presume that every problem has just one solution.‎ Nonetheless, uncertain advice on complex issues should be a warning that, from a future perspective, today’s total scientific consensus on some policy issue might have been the result of stubbornness, a conflict of interest or worse. Just as a healthy democracy accommodates dissent and dissonance, the collective consciousness of science would do well to embrace doubt and diversity. This could start with teaching science as a great, flawed, ongoing human achievement, rather than as a collection of cut-and-dried eternal (永久的) truths.‎ I recall a legendary chemistry professor who was not skilful at getting classroom demonstrations to work——but discussing what went wrong helped his students to thrive. A mathematician friend let pupils discuss every statement in the textbook until all were satisfied. They ‎ did very well in exams, and taught themselves when he was absent. Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers, whose asking teaches us all, is the key to tackling the challenges to science in the post-trust age.‎ ‎42. The problem of current science training is that ________.‎ A. students cannot become specialists B. it goes against established science education C. students lose trust in their teachers and professors D. it fails to provide students with what they need in future ‎42.【答案】D ‎【解析】本题为推断题；根据文章第三段最后一句“Diversity and doubt produce creativity; we must make room for them, and stop guiding future scientists into narrow specialties that value technique over thought.” 意为“多样性和怀疑产生创造力;我们必须为学生们腾出空间，停止引导未来的科学家进入重视技术而非思想的狭窄专业”和 D 选项 “当前的科学训练的问题是不能给学生提供他们未来所需要的东西”表达内容一致，故正确答案是 D。‎ ‎43. The periodic table is mentioned to prove that ________.‎ A. even the widely accepted can be challenged B. students are generally ignorant of science C. most previous researchers are out of date D. science has been developing with time ‎43.【答案】A ‎【解析】本题为推断题；根据题干中 “periodic table” 可以定位至文章第四段。根据第四段首句 “In science, even foundational building blocks can be questioned.”， 可以得知 “在科学中，即使是最基本的构成要素也会受到质疑”，和 A 选项“被广泛接受的内容也可以被质疑”表达内容一致，故正确答案是 A。‎ ‎44. It can be learnt from the passage that ________.‎ A. students may be more innovative if they are allowed to doubt B. science students do not contest elements or species C. students should not trust established science D. diversity prevents progress in science ‎44.【答案】A ‎【解析】本题为推断题；根据文章第三段 “Diversity and doubt produce creativity.”可以得知 A 选项“如果允许学生持怀疑态度，他们可能会更具有创造力”是正确的；根据文章第五段“Science students generally remain unaware that concepts such as elements and species are contested or are even contestable”可知理科生不知道元素和物种等概念是被争议的，而不是不争议元素或物种，故 B 选项错误；C 选项“学生不应该相信已经建立的科学”，文章中意为学生应该抱有质疑态度，而不是不相信，故C 选项错误；D 选项“多样性组织了科学中的进步”和作者态度相反，文章对多样性持鼓励态度，故 D 选项错误。故正确答案是 A。‎ ‎45. Which of the following statements best represents the writer’s opinion?‎ A. Our curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective.‎ B. Science should be a collection of cut-and-dried eternal truths.‎ C. Teachers should treat people at all levels as committed thinkers.‎ D. The concept of biological species brings more confusion than insight.‎ ‎45.【答案】C ‎【解析】本题为复杂细节题；A 选项定位到文章倒数第三段“In school, college and beyond, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective.”可知选项中缺少范围限制，故 A 选项错误；B 选项定位到文章“This could start with teaching science as a great, flawed, ongoing human achievement, rather than as a collection of cut-and-dried eternal truths.”根据“rather than”可知选项和原文意思相反，故 B 选项错误；C选项定位到文章“Treating people at all levels as committed thinkers”和选项内容一致；D 选项定位到文章中第四段“Some scientists now wonder whether the concept of biological "species" contributes more confusion than insight” 中的“wonder whether”可知 D 选项错误。故正确答案是 C。‎ 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Is there a link between social media and depression? Do social media have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated. ‎ In a recent study, the investigators compared social media use and depression between teens. ________.‎ ‎(46) Specifically, for every hour per day that one teen spent on social media more than her peers, she likely had a 0.64-point higher depression score.‎ A different study published in 2018 identified five distinct types of social media users. The finding was that “problematic social media use” was one of the main themes for people whose mental health was affected by social media. You can have alcohol in your life without it being a problem, or your alcohol use may become problematic. ________ (47)‎ There’s one important thing to remember about survey research——just because two things happen together, it’s not necessarily true that one causes the other. ________ (48) For all we know, it could be that people who are already more depressed choose to spend more time on social media.‎ ‎________ (49) If you think that we shouldn’t paint social media with one broad brush, you’re on the right track. On the one hand, participants often described social media as a valuable way to cope with stress. On the other hand, cyberbullying via social media was also a common experience for participants. Some also said that constantly checking their own social media profile was stressful.‎ It’s certainly possible that experiences like cyberbullying, comparing yourself to idealized images, and constantly monitoring your profile, are bad for your mood. It’s also true for many that social media offer community support and positive messages. Given the inconclusive research, it’s safe to say that at least we shouldn’t write off social media altogether. ________ (50) Anyway, you cannot use it as a crutch for coping with other stressors and mental health problems.‎ A. It’s the same with social media.‎ B. Social media can be a double-edged sword.‎ C. People get more opinionated about the potential problems of social media.‎ D. They found that those who used social media more had higher depression scores.‎ E. They reviewed all existing research and found that there were both benefits and drawbacks.‎ F. The key to benefiting from social media may lie in using it in moderation and staying socially connected.‎ G. For example, just because higher social media use co-occurs with higher levels of depression doesn’t mean social media use causes depression.‎ ‎46.【答案】D ‎【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空后一句；考查方式：承接上文。空前句表明，“在最近的研究中，调查者比较了在青少年中社交媒体的使用和抑郁之间的关系”，D 选项含义“他们发现使用社交媒体更多的人有更高的抑郁分数”，上一句出现了investigators 复数的人，选项中的 they 代指上文可以确定 D 和 E 选项，结合句意 D 选项符合上文所说内容。因此，D 选项与前句形成承接，故正确答案是 D。‎ ‎47.【答案】A ‎【解析】挖空方式：段尾空；解题语句：空前一句；考查方式：承接上文。空前一句表明，“在你的生活中有酒精可能不会成为问题，或者酒精的使用会成为问题”。这句话使用例子来阐述两者之间的关系，结合段落大意，可知 这一点在社交媒体中也是适用，选项 A 中的 it 指代前面一句话，且符合段落主旨。A 选项含义：“它与社交媒体是一样的。故正确答案是 A。‎ ‎48.【答案】G ‎【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前空后一句；考查方式：承接上文，引出下文。第四段第一句“两件事情一起发生，并不一定意味着一个导致另一个””，接下来就是解释说明，即 G 选项“例如，仅仅因为更多地社交媒体的使用与高水平的抑郁同时发生，并不意味着社交媒体的使用引起抑郁”。故正确答案是 G。‎ ‎49【答案】B ‎【解析】挖空方式：段首空；解题语句：空后句；考查方式：总起全段。空位于段首，常为总起句，因此应选择概括性选项，而避免描述具体细节的选项。C 选项中“社交媒体可能是双刃剑”，之后全段也是针对社交媒体优缺点的进一步描述。故正确答案是 B。‎ ‎50.【答案】F ‎【解析】挖空方式：段中空；解题语句：空前一句，空后一句；考查方式：承上启下，空前一句肯定社交媒体的存在的合理性，含义“至少我们不应该把社交媒体都取消了”。意思是合理使用社交媒体而不是过渡使用，这符合 F 选项所表达的意思“从社交媒体受益的好处就在于适度并且保持社交连接”，因此公司不要把社交媒体当成拐杖去处理负面情绪。故正确答案是 F。‎ 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，5 35 分）‎ 第一节 （15 分）‎ 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国朋友 Jim 得知你对探月感兴趣，发来邮件和你讨论该话题。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1）月亮在中国文化中的寓意；‎ ‎2）你对人类探月活动的看法。‎ 注意：1. 词数不少于 50；‎ ‎2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 提示词：探月 moon exploration Dear Jim,‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎36【范文】‎ Dear Jim,‎ I am glad to share with you more details about my passion for moon exploration.‎ It started with what I had been told about the moon as a kid and grew stronger with time. As you can guess, there is rich cultural meaning behind the faithful companion of the earth. In Chinese culture, as opposed to the masculinity of the sun, the moon is often compared to a quiet and elegant lady. Also, it reminds people of their family and friends far away. People feel reassured knowing that they are watching the same moon as if the moon could serve as their messenger. ‎ Human beings have never stopped exploring our closest neighbor. I believe it is of great significance. The development of relevant technology faciltates the progress of science in general, which benefits our everyday life. What's more, I think moon exploration shows an important human trait, that is, curiosity about the unknown, which is the driving force that has brought our species this far.‎ I hope yotfind what I've mentioned above interesting and reasonable. By the way; what do you think of when you gaze at the moon? Write back and tell me about it!‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 第二节 （20 分）‎ 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你确定大学志愿的过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于 60。‎ ‎【范文】‎ The past week was by no means ordinary, for I had finally decided on my major.‎ ‎ The inspiration came unexpectedly with the CCTV Nevwsterday. The moment“Role Models of Our question many times, but still couldn't make up my mind. Seeing my hesitant look, mom patted me on my shoulder, her smile encouraging me to do more research.‎ ‎ Later that evening. I tumed to the Internet for help. Faced with so many choices, I seemed to be lost. Law could be a good choice. Business and computer science were also attracting top students. I noted down one after another major, but crossed them all off, for what I wanted was a profession that could make a difference in people s lives.‎ ‎ The inspiration came unexpectedly with the CCTV News yesterday. The moment“Role Models of Our Time”appeared on the screen, I was awed. The news story focused on superheroes without a cape–police officers, healthcare workers, delivery men, city cleaners who guarded us and ensured our life ran normally. Suddenly. I realized my life' s purpose felieving pain and saving lives. And to pursue this call, I decided to specialize in medical science.‎ ‎ I jumped excitedly at this idea. Mom and dad were also happy that I had found the compass for my future life, and said they would be so proud to see me in white. Now, determined to become a healthcare worker, whenever I start my schoolwork, I know I am studying for a noble cause.‎