冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密07：非谓语动词

冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密07：非谓语动词

考点详解 ‎【命题趋势】‎ 非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。‎ ‎ 近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。‎ ‎ 另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。‎ ‎【名师指导】‎ ‎ 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下：‎ ‎1. 先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半 ‎ 是非谓语动词题。 ‎ ‎2. 看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）； ‎ ‎3. 看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一 ‎ 部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。 ‎ ‎4. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用现在分 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 词；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般 ‎ 用过去分词。学优高考网 ‎5. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to have done/to have ‎ ‎ been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being ‎ ‎ done / done）。‎ 考向1 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语 一、动名词和不定式作主语 ‎ ‎ 能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：‎ ‎ 表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式； ‎ ‎ 表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。‎ ‎ 动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。‎ ‎ ▶Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. (抽象)‎ ‎ ▶It is not very good for you to smoke so much. (具体)‎ 注意：‎ ‎ ①如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：‎ ‎ ▶To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing.‎ ‎ ②常用动名词作主语的句型：‎ ‎ ▶It’s no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。‎ 二、动名词和不定式作宾语 ‎1. 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀 ‎ 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。‎ ‎ 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。‎ ‎ decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose， plan; agree，ask/beg，help。‎ ‎ 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。‎ ‎ ☞She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。‎ ‎2. 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语,巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀： ‎ ‎ 避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习， ‎ ‎ 喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌， ‎ ‎ 逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。  ‎ ‎ avoid, miss, delay,  suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, resist, admit, deny , envy,  escape, risk, pardon,  stand, keep, mind ‎ ☞I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。‎ ‎3. 注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词 ‎ ‎ ①forget to do sth.　　忘记要去做某事(此事未做)‎ ‎ forget doing sth.　　忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)‎ ‎ remember to do sth.　　记得去做某事(未做)‎ ‎ remember doing sth.　　记得做过某事(已做)‎ ‎ ②stop to do　　停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事 ‎ stop doing　　停止正在或经常做的事 ‎ go on to do　　继续(去做另外一件事情)‎ ‎ go on doing　　继续(原先没有做完的事情)‎ ‎ ③regret to do sth.　　对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)‎ ‎ regret doing sth.　　对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)‎ ‎ ④try to do　　努力、企图做 ‎ try doing　　试验、试一试某种办法 ‎ ⑤mean to do　　(人)打算，有意要……‎ ‎ mean doing　　(物)意味着 ‎ ⑥can't help (to) do sth.　　不能帮助做某事 ‎ can't help doing sth.　　情不自禁做某事 After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.‎ ‎ A. to thank B. thanking ‎ C. having thanked D. to have thanked ‎【参考答案】A 三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语 ‎ 做表语用的非谓语动词有：不定式(to do)，动名词(doing)，和分词(done，doing)‎ ‎■ 不定式做表语 ‎ ①Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家。‎ ‎ ②The most important thing is to put theory into practice.最重要的是要把理论应用到实践。‎ ‎ ③Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。‎ ‎ 总结： 不定式做表语表示主语的具体内容，如①；表示将来的动作，如②；‎ ‎ 表示目的，如③。因此，在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词 ‎ 做主语时其表语应该用不定式.‎ ‎■ 动名词做表语 ‎ ①My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.)‎ ‎ ②Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。‎ ‎ 总结： 动名词做表语，表示抽象概念。动名词做表语一般用来表示 ‎ “身份，职业”等。大部分时候主语与表语可以互换，如①。‎ ‎ 此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性，如②。例②还可以说成：‎ ‎ To see is to believe.‎ ‎ 试比较：一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用动名词作表语;‎ ‎ 表示具体某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式.‎ ‎ ☞Their job is building houses.他们的工作是盖房子.‎ ‎ ☞Our task now is to develop our economy.我们的任务是发展经济。‎ ‎■ 分词做表语 ‎ 首先做一些练习 ‎ ①The situation is____(encourage).‎ ‎ ②The door remained____(lock)when he came again.‎ ‎ 【答案】①encouraging ②locked ‎ 总结： surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，encourage，‎ ‎ inspire，shock，move等及物动词用作表语时，要看其与主语的关系。‎ ‎ 如果与主语为主动关系，则用-ing形式，表示主语的特征。如果是被 ‎ 动关系，用-done这种形式，表示主语的状态。‎ ‎ ☞The news astonished us.‎ ‎ 这句话就表明了the news与astonish为主动关系。astonish与us为被动 ‎ 关系。那么就可以直接得出以下两个句子：‎ ‎ ☞The news was astonishing.‎ ‎ ☞We were astonished(by the news)‎ 考向2 非谓语动词作定语 高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容：　　‎ ‎ 不定式作定语；　　‎ ‎ -ing分词作定语；　　‎ ‎ -ed分词作定语。‎ ‎1．不定式作定语　　　‎ ‎① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中， ‎ ‎ 不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作 ‎ 之前。　　　　 ‎ ‎ ☞She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.　　　‎ ‎② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.　　　　 ‎ ‎ ☞Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.　　　　　‎ ‎ ☞We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)　　　‎ ‎③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式 ‎ 多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。　　　　 ‎ ‎ ☞I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎ ☞Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything)　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎ ☞Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎ 在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。比较：‎ ‎ There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.)　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎ There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)　　‎ ‎2．-ing分词作定语　　　‎ ‎① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的 ‎ 单个-ing分词也常后置。　　　　 ‎ ‎ a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )　　　　a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )　　　　　　　 the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎ The girl singing is my classmate.　　　‎ ‎② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，‎ ‎ 要用从句作定语。　　　　 ‎ ‎ ☞Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎ ☞Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎ ☞The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 　　　　 ‎ 比较：‎ ‎ 【误】He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎ 【正】He is the man who visited our class yesterday. 　　‎ ‎3．-ed分词作定语 　　　 ‎ ‎ -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作。 　　‎ ‎ a developed/developing country 　　　　　‎ ‎ He is a student loved by all the teachers. 　　　　　‎ ‎ The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 　　‎ ‎(2017·北京) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ with his students.‎ A. to spend B. spend ‎ C. spending D. spent ‎ ‎【参考答案】D　‎ 考向3 非谓语动词作补语 ‎1. 带to的不定式（ to do ） 作宾补的动词 常见的有：‎ ‎ ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。‎ ‎ ☞ The teacher asked us to finish our homework．老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 ‎ ‎ ☞ She wanted him to sing for her friends．她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。 ‎ ‎ ☞ The policeman told the boys not to play in the street．警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。‎ ‎2. 常见的接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词：‎ ‎ 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have ‎ 四看：see, watch, notice, observe ‎ 半帮助：help sb. to do/do sth.‎ ‎ 表示某人做某事的全过程或某事发生的全过程，强调事物的发生和结束。‎ ‎ ☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago.‎ ‎ 我看见他几分钟前离开了。学优高考网 ‎ ☞To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.‎ ‎ 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。‎ ‎ ☞The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.‎ ‎ 那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。‎ ‎3. V-ing形式作宾补 ‎ V-ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。‎ ‎ ☞I hear someone knocking at the door.‎ ‎ ☞I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.‎ ‎4. V-ed形式作宾补 ‎ 着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。‎ ‎ ☞He saw the thief caught by the police.‎ ‎ ☞I’m going to have my hair cut.‎ Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _____ live is quite another.‎ A. perform B. performing ‎ C. to perform D. being performed ‎【参考答案】D 考向4 非谓语动词作状语 ‎1．不定式作状语 ‎(1)作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。‎ ‎ ☞To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.‎ ‎ 为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。‎ ‎(2)作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，经常与only连用。‎ ‎ ☞We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.‎ ‎ 我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。‎ ‎(3)作原因状语 ‎①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，‎ ‎ disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。‎ ‎ ☞We’re proud to be young people of China.‎ ‎ 作为中国青年我们感到自豪。‎ ‎②在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容 ‎ 词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。‎ ‎ ☞The chair is very comfortable to sit on.‎ ‎ 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。‎ ‎1. (2017·北京)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable ‎ ‎ time. ‎ A. save B. saving ‎ C. to save D. saved ‎【参考答案】C　‎ ‎【答案解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的， 故答案为C。句意：现在很多航空公司为节省乘客的时间所以允许他们在线打印登机牌。其它选项不符合语境及题意。‎ ‎2. (2017·天津)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________.‎ A. catching B. caught ‎ C. to catch D. to be caught ‎【参考答案】C　‎ ‎【解题技巧】 动词的不定式用法口诀：‎ 不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。‎ ‎　　没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。‎ ‎　　主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。‎ ‎　　not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。‎ ‎　　疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。‎ ‎　　仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。‎ ‎2．分词作状语(表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等)‎ ‎(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。‎ ‎ ☞Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.‎ ‎ 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。‎ ‎(2)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。‎ ‎ ☞Having cleaned the desks，we began reading.‎ ‎ 擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。‎ ‎(3)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。‎ ‎ ☞Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library.‎ ‎ 我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。‎ ‎(4)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。‎ ‎ ☞Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.‎ ‎ 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。‎ ‎(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。‎ ‎ ☞Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.‎ ‎ 从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。‎ ‎(2017·天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.‎ A. being allowed B. allowing ‎ C. having allowed D. allowed ‎【参考答案】B　‎ 难点剖析 独立主格结构 ‎（一）独立主格结构的形式 独立结构可分为两部分，一部分事名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。‎ ‎1. 名词/代词+形容词 ‎ ☞I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. ‎ ‎ 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。‎ ‎ ☞He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。‎ ‎2. 名词/代词+现在分词 ‎ ☞Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。‎ ‎ ☞The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。‎ ‎3. 名词/代词+过去分词 ‎ ☞More time given ,we should have done it much better. ‎ ‎ 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。‎ ‎ ☞The boy stood there , his right hand raised. ‎ ‎ 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。‎ ‎4. 名词/代词（主格）+不定式 ‎ ☞Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.‎ ‎ 这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。‎ ‎ ☞The two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to his friends ‎ 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。‎ ‎5. 名词/代词+介词短语 ‎ ☞The huntsman entered the forest ,gun in hand. ‎ ‎ 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。‎ 注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。‎ ‎6. 名词/代词+副词 ‎ ☞Nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away. ‎ ‎ 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。‎ ‎ ☞Lunch over ,he left the house .But he was thinking.‎ ‎ 午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。‎ ‎7. 名词/代词+名词 ‎ ☞He fought the wolf ,a stick his only weapon. ‎ ‎ 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。‎ ‎8. with 复合结构 ‎ 它的构成是：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。‎ ‎ ☞Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour.‎ ‎ 福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）‎ ‎ ☞He used to sleep with the door open . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词）‎ ‎ ☞With a boy leading the way ,they started towards the village.‎ ‎ 由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）‎ ‎ ☞With the work done ,he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）‎ ‎ ☞With you to help us, we will finish the task in time ‎ ‎ 有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）‎ ‎ ☞Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night .‎ ‎ 夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）‎ ‎ 从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。‎ ‎（二）独立主格结构的用法 它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 ‎ ‎1. 作时间状语 ‎ ☞The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。‎ ‎2. 作条件状语 ‎ ☞Weather permitting(＝If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. ‎ ‎ 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。‎ ‎3. 作原因状语 ‎ ☞An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. ‎ ‎ 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。‎ ‎4. 作伴随状语 ‎ ☞He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) . ‎ ‎ 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。‎ ‎5. 表补充说明 ‎ ☞A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) . ‎ ‎ 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。‎ ‎ 注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。学优高考网 Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ A. being spent B. having spent ‎ C. spent D. spending ‎【参考答案】C 检测训练 题组一 真题在线 ‎1.(2017·江苏) Many Chinese brands, ________their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ A. having developed B. being developed ‎ C. developed D. developing ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。many Chinese brands与develop是逻辑上的主谓关系，也是主动关系，再 根据over centuries(数百年了)可知“发展”的动作在“面临挑战”之前早就完成了，故用现在分词的完成式，故选A项。句意：许多已经发展了几个世纪的声誉的中国品牌，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。‎ ‎2.（2016 • 北京）________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.‎ A. Made B. Make ‎ C. Making D. To make ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。这里动词不定式短语作目的状语，故选D。‎ ‎3.（2016 • 北京） Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.‎ A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故选B。‎ ‎4.（2016·江苏）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study _________in Australia in 2012.‎ A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted ‎【答案】D ‎5.(2016·北京)______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。Books和order是动宾关系，即order books/books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered...，故选D。‎ ‎6.(2016·江苏)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________within the work.‎ A.to hide B. hidden ‎ C. hiding D. being hidden ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查分词作定语。本句中名词短语a secret message与动词hide构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语hidden within the work在句中做后置定语，修饰名词短语a secret message，相当于定语从句that is hidden within the work。AC项表示主动含义，D项强调正在进行，与语境不符。故B正确。‎ ‎7.（2016 • 天津）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ________ air conditioning unnecessary.‎ A. making B. to make ‎ C. made D. being made ‎【答案】A ‎8.（2016·全国新课标卷III·语法填空）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.‎ ‎【答案】to create ‎【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。‎ ‎9. (2014·天津卷)Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _________ it didn’t fit A. to find B. found ‎ C. finding D. having found ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。only +动词不定式，表示意想不到的结果。found是过去分词，常常表示被动和完成的含义；finding是现在分词，常常表示主动和进行；having found 是-ing的完成式，表示动作发生在先。‎ ‎10.(2014·山东卷) It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer. ‎ ‎ A. employed B. being employed ‎ C. to employ D. employs ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。句意：像这样的一个公司雇用一名保安是惯例。故答案选C。‎ 题组二 名校模拟 Ⅰ. 单项填空 ‎1．Tom looked at Jenny, tears _______ his eyes, and shouted out the words________ in his heart for years.‎ ‎ A. filled; keeping B. filled; kept ‎ C. filling; kept D. filling; having kept ‎【答案】C ‎2．_______that his father would come back soon, the little boy calmed down.‎ ‎ A. Having convinced B. Convincing ‎ ‎ C. Being convinced D. Convinced ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：相信他的父亲不久会回来，这个小男孩镇静下来。convince“使相信”，与主语the little boy是被动关系，用过去分词作状语表示被动关系。故选D。‎ ‎3．The enquiry________ new facts, the judge had to postpone the trial again.‎ ‎ A. to develop B. developed ‎ ‎ C. having developed D. being developed ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语。分析句子可知，此处运用了独立主格结构。句意：调查陈述了新的事实，法官只能再次推迟审判。调查已经陈述事实，在宣布之前，所以用现在分词的完成时。故选C。‎ ‎4．____in a poor family made Tom very diligent when he was still young.‎ ‎ A. Brought up B. Bring up ‎ C. Being brought up D. Having brought up ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个贫穷的家庭长大让Tom很小的时候就很勤奋。此处用动名词作主语，Tom与Bring up之间是被动关系，所以用 Being brought up作主语。学优高考网 ‎5．____, the shower water is no longer usable until the chemicals and wastes are removed from it.‎ ‎ A. Considering to be polluted B. Considering to be polluting ‎ C. Considering to have been polluted D. Considering to have polluted ‎【答案】C ‎6．____the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.‎ ‎ A. Spending B. Having been spend ‎ C. Having spend D. To spend ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为交换生在香港学习一年，Linda显得比同龄人更成熟。Linda与spend之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，且spend这一动作发生在appears之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语。‎ ‎7．Many major economic problems ________ to be solved, there is no point ______ the growth rate of this year now.‎ ‎ A. remaining; predicting B. remaining; to predict ‎ C. remained; predicting D. remained; to predict ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很多遗留的经济问题仍待解决，所以预测今年的经济增长率是毫无意义的。第一空现在分词表示伴随的情况，第二空there is no point doing表示“做某事毫无意义”。‎ ‎8．Yesterday I broke my favorite camera, and now I have to get it _________.‎ ‎ A. repairing B. repair C. repaired D. to repair ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：昨天我弄坏了我最喜欢的相机，现在我不得不把它修好。get sth done表示“使某物被……”。‎ ‎9．While China and India have something in common, _______fast growing economies, there are clear differences.‎ ‎ A. both are B. both being ‎ C. both of which being D. both of them are ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查独立主格。句意为：虽然中国和印度有一些相似之处，两个国家的经济都正在飞速发展，但还是有明显的不同。分析句子结构可知，此处为独立主格结构，起解释说明作用，解释有什么共同点，其他三项放在句子里结构都不合理。‎ ‎10．Friendship, _________ mutual respect and _______ feelings and activities, tends to last long.‎ ‎ A. basing on; shared B. anchored in; shared ‎ C. based on; sharing D. anchor in; sharing ‎【答案】B ‎11．I glanced sideways and noticed that the previous author was standing silently, with his eyes on me.‎ ‎ A. fixing B. fixed ‎ ‎ C. to be fixing D. to be fixed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：我向旁边瞥了一眼，发现先前的作者默默地站在那，两眼紧盯着我。此处为with的复合结构，his eyes与fix之间是动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词表示被动。‎ ‎12．_______over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ ‎ A. Ordering B. Ordered ‎ ‎ C. To order D. Having ordered ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：一周前预订的书现在有望随时到货。the books与order之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，应该用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎13．The hairdresser showed me a book with so many diverse hair styles that I got _______and didn't know which ‎ ‎ one to choose.‎ ‎ A. confused B. to confuse ‎ ‎ C. confusing D. to be confused ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查get +过去分词结构。句意为：美发师展示给我一本里面有很多不同发型的书，我感到很困惑，不知选择哪一个。get+过去分词的系表结构强调状态的变化。‎ ‎14．Once be falls asleep, I have great difficulty _______ him up.‎ ‎ A. wake B. waken C. to wake D. waking ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：一旦他睡着了，我很难把他叫醒。have difficulty doing sth表示“做某事有困难”。‎ ‎15．You can trust him. He is a man ______throughout the business field for his honesty.‎ ‎ A. having known B.to be known ‎ ‎ C. knowing D. known ‎【答案】D Ⅱ. 语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ Access to electricity has always been limited for people living in Nuevo Saposoa, 　1　remote village in Peru. However, things went from bad to 　2　(bad)in March 2015 after a flood damaged the power station in the area. The villagers 　3　(force)to turn to kerosene(煤油)lamps, which are not only expensive but give off poisonous matter.‎ ‎ Fortunately, the researchers and students at the UTEC in Lima, Peru heard about it and came up with a 　4　(create)idea. They designed a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of 　5　can be found in the Amazonian rainforests where the village 　6　(lie). Called Plantalamparas, the lights draws energy from a plant 　7　(grow)in the rainforests and uses it to light up an LED bulb. So far, the bulbs have been a huge success.‎ This is not the first time the students and professors of UTEC 　8　(come)up with a clever approach 　9　a problem. In 2014, 　10　(deal)with Peru’s severe air pollution they created a large advertising board that could be used as an air purifier(净化器)as well.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了来自UTEC的研究人员和学生设计了一种利用植物和土壤发电的灯，解决了秘鲁的一个偏远山村用电难的问题。‎ ‎1. a【解析】考查冠词。由句意可知，此处泛指“一个偏远的村庄”，remote以辅音因素开头，故填a。‎ ‎2. worse【解析】考查形容词比较级。由句意可知，一场洪水使情况变得更糟糕，应该使用比较级形式。‎ ‎3. were forced【解析】考查时态语态。be forced to do表示“被迫做某事”，事情发生在过去，应该用一般 过去时的被动语态，而且主语是复数。‎ ‎4. creative【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词idea应该用形容词。‎ ‎5. which【解析】考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词plants and soil在从句中 作主语。‎ ‎10. to deal【解析】考查非谓语动词。由句意可知，此处表示“为了”，所以用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎ ‎