【英语】2018届人教版必修1Unit2BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish单元学案设计

【英语】2018届人教版必修1Unit2BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish单元学案设计

‎2018届人教版必修1Unit2British English and American English单元学案设计 话题阅读 ‎ 英式英语vs美式英语 British and American letter writers to the Financial Times have spent the past few weeks crapping over whether “one-time” is a better phrase than “one-off”, how far cricket metaphors travel and whether “backstop” comes from baseball or from the older English game of rounders.‎ 过去几周，英国和美国读者致信英国《金融时报》展开激辩，辩题包括“一次性”用“one-time”还是“one-off”来表达更好、板球术语的比喻用法能流传多广，以及“接球手”(backstop)一词是来源于美式棒球还是历史更悠久的英国圆场棒球。‎ One UK correspondent expressed irritation over the Americans who would have said “thepast several weeks” rather than the “past few” in sentences such as the one above.‎ 一名英国读者对美国人把“过去几周”说成“the past several weeks”而不是“past few”表达了反感。‎ A sub-theme was the infiltration of American and British words into each other’s speech and how bad this was. When Brits use American words, their more fastidious compatriots take it as evidence of declining standards, while Americans see those who adopt Britishisms as pretentious and snobbish.‎ 一个子话题是美式英语和英式英语词汇的相互渗透，以及这是多么糟糕。当某些英国人使用美式英语的词汇时，他们吹毛求疵的同胞会认为，这是英语标准降低的证据，而美国人则觉得使用英式英语的人特别装腔作势。‎ This linguistic fractiousness has been going on for a long time. In 1828, Noah Webster,champion of a US vernacular that did not look across the Atlantic for validation, published. An American Dictionary of the English Language. The languages never diverged much, in spite of Webster’s efforts; UK and US English remain siblings – and, like many siblings, they squabble.‎ 这种语言的龃龉由来已久。1828年，美国本土语言的捍卫者挪亚•韦伯斯特(Noah Webster)出版了《美国英语词典》(An American Dictionary of the English Language)，而美式英语并不打算寻求大西洋彼岸的承认。尽管韦伯斯特编纂了这样一部词典，但两国的语言其实从未产生太多差异，英式和美式英语一直亲如兄弟，而就像许多兄弟姐妹一样，它们也会“拌嘴”。English expressions contributed by China in recent years 中式英语席卷全球 On the video website of The Wall Street Journal, a word has attracted people's attention. In order to report the news that Chinese elderly women help increased the ‎ gold price, The Wall Street Journal creates the word "dama" (elderly women), an English word which comes from Chinese Pinyin. This shows that English expressions which are contributed by China have integrated into every aspect of international life.‎ ‎《华尔街日报》视频网站中的一个词语引起了人们的关注。在一篇报道中国大妈们帮助抬高金价的新闻中，该报就使用了“dama”一词（老妇女），该词源自中文拼音。这表明，中文对英文的表达影响已渗透到了国际化的方方面面。‎ Pinyin becomes English words Words that are "borrowed" from another language, such as "dama", are called "loanwords". This is not a new phenomenon in linguistics.‎ 拼音成了英语单词 从另一种语言中“借用”的词汇，比如“dama”，叫做“外来词”。这在词汇学中已不是新鲜的现象。‎ Since modern times, Chinese vocabulary has borrowed many English words, such as "copy", "cool" and "cola". These words are vivid and highly literal. Retaining the English pronunciation, they can express their Chinese meaning. ‎ 自从进入现代化以来，中国词汇就有许多是从英语中借来的，例如“复制”，“酷”和“可乐”。这些词汇生动且平实。在保留英语发音的同时，又表达出了中文意思。‎ Meanwhile, English words that derive from Chinese Pinyin can be seen in overseas media reports. About 10 years ago, foreigners took delight in talking about "guanxi" (relationship). Unlike "relationship", "guanxi" is used to describe the unique and complex relative network in China. Later, this word is included in Rules and Networks, a business college textbook used in many English-speaking countries.‎ 与此同时，由中文拼音演化的英语单词同样会出现在海外媒体报道里。约10年前，外国人喜欢谈论“guanxi”（关系）。与“relationship”一词不同，“guanxi”用来形容中国复杂又特别的社交网。随后，该词便被条文和网络所接纳，也被编入了英语国家的商业大学教材里。‎ Global Language Monitor thinks highly of Chinglish in terms of a global vision and the development of English, calling Chinglishs a "delightful mixture".‎ 全球语言检测机构从全球视野和英语发展角度来看，是高度推崇中式英文的，并将中式英文称为“美丽的结合”。‎ Linguistic contribution reveals national power Most of the English words come from other languages, such as Latin, German and French. Now, an increasing number of English words are contributed by China.‎ 语言贡献展示了国家力量 大多英语词汇来自外族语言，比如拉丁语，德语和法语。如今，中文对英语的贡献也日益增多。‎ 五年高考真题 高考试题一 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 世界英语 ‎276‎ ‎★★☆☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ (2014·新课标全国卷II阅读理解C)One of the latest trends (趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn., for example, has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since 2004. And that's true all across the country.‎ ‎"I thought it would be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age," Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year-old son. "I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future." After only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.‎ Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China: She didn't want her children to miss out on their roots. "Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to (接触) the language and culture," she says.‎ ‎"Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom," says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children. "But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders. Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12."‎ The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.‎ ‎29. What does the term "au pair" in the text mean?‎ A. A mother raising her children on her own.‎ B. A child learning a foreign language at home.‎ C. A professor in language education of children.‎ D. A young foreign woman taking care of children.‎ ‎30. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them 　　　.‎ A. to live in China some day B. to speak the language at home C. to catch up with other children D. to learn about the Chinese culture ‎31. What can we infer from the text?‎ A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.‎ B. Educated women do better in looking after children.‎ C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills.‎ D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文属于说明文。在文中作者提出美国现在存在的一种潮流趋势，即越来越多的美国人希望孩子能够学汉语，而且他们都希望孩子能够在家里和来自中国的学生学习汉语，他们认为这样在生活中通过交流来学习汉语要比在学校学习有优势。‎ ‎29. D 【解析】考查词义猜测。结合语境可知au pair指的是在国外寄居的人,他们帮助房东照看孩子甚至学习语言换取免费食宿,又称互惠生。‎ ‎30. D 【解析】考查细节理解。依据第三段第二句中的"Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to (接触) the language and culture"得知他们这样做的目的是让孩子接触到中国文化。‎ ‎31. A 【解析】考查推理判断。依据最后一段尤其是最后一句"It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years"可推断在美国学习汉语热潮会继续高涨。‎ ‎【试题分析】人教版必修一Unit2讲的是有关全世界英语的有关问题。而此篇阅读理解讲的关于美国人学习汉语的一种潮流。因此高考试题与教材密切相关的。随着中国在全世界的影响越来越大，自然学习汉语的人就会越来越多。所以在学习本单元话题的同时，我们自然应该想到这方面的材料。也可以看出命题人的高明之处，让学生不要脱离教材。‎ 高考试题二 ‎ 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 成年人学习外语 ‎277‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎16分钟 ‎（2013·安徽高考完形填空）If you want to learn a new language. the very first thing I think about is why. Do you need it for a　36　reason, such as your or your studies?　37　perhaps you’re interested in the　38　, films or music of a foreign country and you know how much it will help to have a　39　of the language.‎ ‎　　Most people learn best using a variety of　40　. but traditional classes are an ideal (理想的) start for many people. They　41　an environment where you can practice under the　42　of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead　43　lives and learning a language takes　44　. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a　45　. It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes　46　.‎ ‎　　Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too　47　.”they say. Yes. children do learn language more　48　than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any　49　. And learning is good for the health of ‎ your brain. too. I’ve also heard people　50　about the mistakes they make when　51　. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes　52　. You are then less likely to make them again.‎ ‎　　Learning a new language is never　53　. But with same work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be　54　by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in　55　own language. Good luck!‎ ‎36. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical ‎37. A. After     B. So        C. Though        D. Or ‎38. A. literature       B. transport      C. agriculture   D. medicine ‎39. A. view      B. knowledge   C. form    D. database ‎40. A. paintings       B. regulations C. methods      D. computers ‎41. A. protect           B. change         C. respect         D. provide ‎42. A. control           B. command   C. guidance      D. pressure ‎43. A. busy     B. happy          C. simple          D. normal ‎44. A. courage         B. time     C. energy          D. phone ‎45. A. theory B. business       C. routine         D. project ‎46. A. some risks     B. a lot less       C. some notes D. a lot more ‎47. A. old        B. nervous        C. weak   D. tired ‎48. A. closely B. quickly         C. privately      D. quietly ‎49. A. age         B. speed C. distance       D.school ‎50. A. worry    B. hesitate        C. think   D. quarrel ‎51. A. singing B. working        C. bargaining   D. learning ‎52. A. if B. and      C. but       D. before ‎53. A. tiresome        B. hard    C. interesting    D. easy ‎54. A. blamed          B. amazed       C. interrupted D. informed ‎55. A. their      B. his        C. her       D. your ‎【文章大意】这篇短文主要谈论了成年人学习外语的一个话题。告诉我们，要想需要一门语言，首先直到自己为什么要学这门语言。然后选择一种适合自己的学习方法，并且有规律地练习。学习外语不只是孩子们的专利，任何年龄的人都可以学习外语，并且这有助于人们的大脑健康。学习外语从来不是一件容易的事情，但是只要有付出就会有回报。‎ ‎36. C 由接下来的"such as your job or your studies"可知此处是问你学一门外语是因为某种现实的需要(诸如求职或求学)吗?practical"现实的",符合语境。‎ ‎37. D分析上下文之间的逻辑关系可知,此处是说或许你对另一个国家的文学、电影或者音乐感兴趣,而且你知道掌握该语言将会是多么大的帮助。本段讨论的是学习外语的原因,上句和本句分别给出了一种原因,显然两句之间为并列关系。故选D。‎ ‎38. A根据语境可知,所填词语与接下来的"films or music"并列,被"of a different country"修饰,故选A。‎ ‎39. B 参见37题解析。have a knowledge of"掌握,了解,熟知"。故选B。‎ ‎40. C 大多数人使用各种不同的方法学得很好,但对许多人来说,传统的课堂是理想的开端。 故选C。‎ ‎41.D 它们(传统的课堂)可以"提供"一种环境:你可以在一个精通该语言的人的指导下不断练习。故选D。‎ ‎42. C 参见上题解析。under the guidance of"在……的指导下"。故选C。‎ ‎43. A 接下来讨论的是学习外语需要大量的时间,由此可知此处是说我们都生活得很忙碌,但学习外语需要时间。故选A。‎ ‎44. B 参见上题解析。谈论的是学习外语需要时间,故选B。‎ ‎45. C 根据前半句中的"regularly"可知选C。如果定期学习外语,成功的机会更大些,所以要努力养成习惯。routine"惯例,常规"。‎ ‎46. B 要学到流利的程度需要数年的时间,但只要求说得过去,需要的时间则少得多。but表示转折,前一句说的是需要很多时间,后一句自然说的相反。故选B。‎ ‎47. A 根据接下来的"children"和"adults"可知,本段讨论的是学习外语与年龄之间的关系,故选A。许多人开始学习外语,但很快就放弃了。他们会说"我年龄大了"。‎ ‎48. B 的确,孩子比成年人学习外语更快,故选B。‎ ‎49. A本段讨论的是学习外语与"年龄"之间的关系,故选A。‎ ‎50. A 我还听人们说:他们担心学习时犯的错误,故选A。‎ ‎51. D 本文讨论的是学习外语的事情,故选D。‎ ‎52. B 此处为"祈使句 + and + 陈述句"结构。放松心态,自嘲自己的错误,这样你再次犯错的可能性就会大大降低。故选B。‎ ‎53. D 本句为本段的首句,起着承上启下的作用,是对上文的总结。上文讨论的是学习外语的众多困难,然后通过"But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress."话锋一转,讨论学习外语的收获。故选D。‎ ‎54. B 此处讨论的是学习外语的收获——你用他们的语言说上几句,外国人的积极反应就会让你"惊喜",故选B。‎ ‎55. A 参见上题解析。‎ ‎【试题分析】高考试题的命制永远不会脱离教材，本单元话题讲的是世界的英语。2013年安徽的这篇完形填空就以成年人如何学习外语的材料来命制一篇完形填空。从而可见我们在学习话题的同时，一定要大量阅读与单元相关的话题文章，如果一个单元扩大5-10篇阅读材料，日积月累，不但开阔了眼界，而且也扩大了词汇量。高考任何试题都会迎刃而解。‎ 原创阅读 ‎ 阅读理解 Passage1‎ 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 扩大词汇量的方法 ‎239‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 There are many useful suggestions that can help one to improve English. Here are some of them to increase one’s English language vocabulary. ‎ Learning English vocabulary is about much more than just learning the right words. It is based on understanding important words and expressions. ‎ Learning a word will not help very much if you quickly forget it. Researches show that it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions(重复) to really make a word part of your vocabulary. Since most words are learned from how they are used in context (上下文)，the more words one is shown, the better vocabulary one will have. Keep a piece of paper ‎ close to you. When you read, pay close attention to the word you do not know, write the word down and try to understand its meaning from the context. Then look up the word in a dictionary. ‎ Remember that if you do not use English words that you have just learned in conversation or writing, you will forget them very quickly. So the best way to learn new words effectively is just by trying to use them in conversation and writing. Remember also that practice is the key to fluent spoken English. ‎ Building vocabulary is a life-long task. Remember: “In the beginning was the word.” Your future could depend on how rich your vocabulary is. It will also determine the quality of your communication.‎ ‎1. We can learn from the passage that learning English vocabulary _________.   ‎ ‎ A. is just about learning the right words ‎ B. is about remembering more and more words    ‎ C. doesn’t require one to learn expressions D. requires one to understand important expressions ‎ ‎2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?   ‎ ‎  A. To master a word, you need to repeat it 10-20 times. ‎ ‎   B. If you remember a word, you are still able to forget it if you don’t use it.    ‎ C. It doesn’t take long to build one’s vocabulary.    ‎ D. Practice is very important in fluent spoken English.‎ ‎ 3. The best way to learn new words is _________.    ‎ A. trying to use them while speaking and writing ‎ B. writing them down over and over again    ‎ C. always looking them up in the dictionary ‎ D. reading them loudly over and over again ‎ ‎4. What is the passage mainly about?   ‎ A. How to enrich your English vocabulary.    ‎ B. How to have a good conversation in English .    ‎ C. Why context is important in learning English.    ‎ D. How to improve the quality of communication.‎ Passage2‎ 体裁 话题 词数 难度 建议时间 说明文 加拿大的语言 ‎273‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 One Canada, Two Languages Canada is one of the few nations in the world to have two official languages: English and French. There are 10 provinces in the country but only one of these—Quebec is known as “French Canada”. This is because it was founded by French explorers while British adventurers discovered the rest.‎ Canada left the British empire(帝国) in 1867 to become an independent country and English and French have been recognized as the official languages ever since.‎ Most people speak English as their first language and the two national television networks broadcast in English throughout the country. Apart from in Quebec and a few places on the east coast, French television is very rare.‎ The same goes for traffic signs and menus, for example, outside of Quebec, there are only a few places where you’ll see traffic signs in French. In restaurants, it’s almost impossible to find French on the menu unless you are in the heartland (中心地带) of French Canada. However, all products sold in Canada must, by law, have labels (标签) and instructions in both languages.‎ In Canada’s English speaking provinces, official bilingualism (双语) means that students can choose to complete a special French language course. Under this program, they are taught most of their subjects in French.‎ If a student begins the course in kindergarten (幼儿园) or Grade One, it is likely that all their lessons will be in French. However, if they start at junior high school, 25 percent of the teaching will continue to be in English. 1. Which country controlled Canada before its independence? A. France.    B. Britain.    C. America.     D. Germany 2. Where can you watch French television programs? A. Only in Quebec. B. In Quebec and a few other places. C. From the two national television networks. D. All over Canada ‎3. What do we know about the education in Canada? A. In English speaking provinces only English courses are offered. B. If you choose a special French language course, most of the subjects are taught in French. C. The courses in primary school are all taught in English. D. Most of the courses in junior high schools are taught in English.‎ Passage1‎ ‎【文章大意】你知道如何增加英语词汇量吗？理解词汇和短语的意思，通过上下文学习，在对话和写作中运用，这些方法对增加词汇量大有裨益。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，学习英语词汇不仅仅是学习正确的单词，学习词汇应该建立在理解词汇和短语的基础上。故选D项。A项与Learning English vocabulary is about much more than just learning the right words.相矛盾。B项“及越来越多的单词“在文中未提及。C项与It is based on understanding important words and expressions. 相矛盾。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第五段的第一句“Building vocabulary is a life-long task”可知，发展词汇量是一个终生的任务，故C项与内容不符。A项与第三段中的“Researches show that it takes from 10 to 20 repetitions(重复) to really make a word part of your vocabulary.”相符。B项与第四段中的“…if you do not use English words that you have just learned in conversation or writing, you will forget them very quickly.”相符。D项与第四段中的“Remember also that practice is the key to fluent spoken English. ”相符。故答案为C。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】考查细节理解。由第四段的第二句“So the best way to learn new words effectively is just by trying to use them in conversation and writing.”可知，学习心的词汇最好的方法是在对话和写作中多加运用。故选A。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】考查主旨大意。文章讲的是增加词汇量的方法。由此可知A项正确。‎ Passage 2‎ ‎【文章大意】加拿大是一个双语国家，英语和法语都是官方语言。学生如果选择一门专门的法语语言课程，那么大部分学科江永法语进行授课。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段的信息并结合历史可知，加拿大独立之前是受英国统治。故选B。‎ ‎2. B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Apart from in Quebec and a few places on the east coast, French television is very rare.”可知，除了魁北克和东部沿海几个地方外，其他地方很少有法语电视台和法语电视节目。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后两段可知，学生如果选择这门专门的法语语言课程，大部分学科将用法语授课。‎ 单元词汇回顾 ‎ ‎ Actually，each language has its own spelling，usage and expressions. We can recognize a native or a foreigner gradually by his or her accent. We all know fluent speaking requires frequent practice.‎ ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎1.“请求，要求”家族 ‎①ask vt.& vi.要求，请求 ‎②claim vt.对……提出要求 ‎③demand n．& vt.要求 ‎④desire vt.要求，请求 ‎⑤request n．& vt.要求，请求 ‎⑥require vt.要求，命令；‎ requirement n．要求 ‎2.后缀－ern构成的方位形容词集锦 ‎①eastern东方的，东部的，来自东方的 ‎②western西方的，西部的；在西方的，在西部的 ‎③southern南方的，南部的 ‎④northern北方的，北部的 ‎⑤northwestern (在)西北的，向西北的，来自西北的 ‎⑥southeastern东南(部)的 ‎3.高频词链条 ‎①official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的→office n．办公室 ‎②gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 ‎③spelling n．拼写；拼法→spell v．拼写 ‎④usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→useful adj.有用的→use n．& v．使用，利用