2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修5 unit 2

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修5 unit 2

‎ [话题素材——英国历史]‎ 好词 ‎1．coastal adj. 沿海的 ‎2．nation n. 国家；民族 ‎3．defend vt. 保护；保卫 ‎4．ancient adj. 古老的 ‎5．symbol n. 象征 ‎6．at_one_time 一度；曾经 ‎7．be located/situated/lie in 位于 ‎8．be made up of 由……组成 ‎9．be famous/wellknown for 以……闻名 ‎10．be surrounded by/with 被……所环绕 ‎11．have a population of 有……人口 ‎12．a developed country 一个发达国家 ‎13．a place of interest 名胜 ‎14．be rooted in 根源在于；植根于 ‎15．be struck by 被……迷住 佳句 ‎1．An_increasing_number_of people prefer to holiday abroad, especially in England.‎ 越来越多的人喜欢去国外度假，尤其是英国。‎ ‎2．I managed_to_collect some useful information, including British culture and history.‎ 我设法收集了一些有用的信息，包括英国的文化和历史。‎ ‎3．Britain has many places_of_interest,_which attract a lot of tourists from all_over_the_world.‎ 英国有许多名胜古迹，吸引了世界各地的游客。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Dear Kelly，‎ I've been back home safely from England. Thank you for the warm help during my stay in England.‎ Last week, I participated in the Cultural Exchange Week. I enjoyed myself in your country. We visited the City Museum and some places of interest, which gave me a better understanding of the English society, culture and history. Of course, I also made many new ‎ friends.‎ What's more, I was lucky enough to stay at your home. And I'll never forget the days we spent together.‎ Here I especially thank you for the dictionary you offered me as a gift. It's a great help for me to learn English well. I will treasure and make full use of it.‎ Welcome to China when it's convenient for you!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．unite (vi.&vt.) 联合；团结→united (adj.) 团结的；联合的→union (n.) 联合；联盟；结合；协会 ‎2．consist (vi.) 组成；在于；一致→consistent (adj.) 一致的 ‎3．convenience (n.) 便利；方便→convenient (adj.) 方便的 ‎4．attract (vt.) 吸引；引起注意→attraction (n.) 吸引；吸引力→attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的 ‎5．description (n.) 描写；描述→describe (vt.) 描述；形容；描绘 ‎6．furnished (adj.) 配备好装备的；带家具的→furnish (vt.) 装备；(用家具等)布置(房间、公寓)；提供 ‎7．possibility (n.) 可能(性)→possible (adj.) 可能的；合理的 ‎8．arrange (vt.) 筹备；安排；整理→arrangement (n.) 布置；整理 ‎9．delight (n.) 快乐；高兴、喜悦 (vt.) 使高兴；使欣喜→delighted (adj.) 高兴的；快乐的→delightful (adj.) 令人高兴的 ‎10．fold (vt.) 折叠；对折→unfold (vt.) 展开；打开；呈现 ‎11．thrill (vt.) 使激动；使胆战心惊→thrilled (adj.) 激动的 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．consist_of　　　　　　　由……组成 ‎2．divide...into 把……分成 ‎3．break_away_(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离 ‎4．to_one's_credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下 ‎5．leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 ‎6．take_the_place_of 代替 ‎7．break_down (机器)损坏；破坏 ‎8．refer_to 谈到，说到；参考；涉及 ‎9．make_a_list_of 列出一张……的清单 ‎10．on_special_occasions 在特殊场合 ‎11．be_proud_of 对……感到骄傲 ‎12．in_memory_of 为纪念……‎ ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Now when people refer to England you find Wales included_as_well(发现……也包括在内)．(教材P10)‎ ‎2．do表示强调，强调谓语动词 To their credit the four countries do_work_together (的确共同协作) in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.(教材P10)‎ ‎3．过去分词短语作后置定语 For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built_by (被……建造) the Romans.(教材P10)‎ ‎4．过去分词短语作状语 Worried_about_the_time_available (担心时间不够), Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.(教材P14)‎ ‎5．状语从句的省略 It looked splendid when_first_built (刚建成的时候)！(教材P14)‎ ‎6．It seems/is strange that...似乎……‎ It_seemed_strange that (这似乎是一件怪事) the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.(教材P14)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly ________ three zones.‎ 答案：into　be divided into“被分成……”。‎ ‎2．It is a pity that the industrial cities ________ (build) in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.‎ 答案：built　cities与build为被动关系，故用过去分词built作后置定语。‎ ‎3．There you will find ________ more about British history and culture.‎ 答案：out　find out“查明；找出；弄清(情况等)”。‎ ‎4．________ (worry) about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.‎ 答案：Worried　(be) worried about“担忧；担心……”。此处考查分词作状语。‎ ‎5．________her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels ________ (guard) by special royal soldiers.‎ 答案：To; guarded　第一空考查to one's surprise“令某人惊讶的是”；第二空guard与jewels为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语。‎ ‎6．It contained statues in memory ________ dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare.‎ 答案：of　in memory of“为了纪念……”。‎ ‎7．________ interested her most was the longitude line.‎ 答案：What　主语从句中缺少主语，故填what。‎ ‎8．It seemed strange that the man ________ had developed communism should have lived and died in London.‎ 答案：who　定语从句中缺少主语，先行词为the man，故填who。‎ ‎9．When she saw many visitors ________ (enjoy) looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.‎ 答案：enjoying　see sb. doing“看到某人正在做……”。‎ ‎10．The next day Pingyu was leaving London ________ Windsor Castle.‎ 答案：for　leave for...“动身去某地”。‎ ‎1　　consist　vi.组成；在于；一致 How many countries does the UK consist of？(P9)‎ 英国由几个国家组成？‎ ‎ (1)consist of＝be made up of 由……组成；由……构成 consist in 在于 ‎(2)consistent adj. 相容的；一致的 be consistent with 和……一致/相符 ‎①[2014·陕西高考]The programme consists_of the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story telling and so on.‎ 该项目包括以下活动：朗诵、唱歌、单词拼写以及讲故事等。‎ ‎②[2014·福建高考]Success consists_in the ability to continue efforts through failures.‎ 成功在于持续努力地去克服失败的能力。‎ ‎③If what you say is_not_consistent_with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.‎ 如果你言行不一，将对孩子有不好的影响。‎ ‎2　　convenience　n．便利；方便；便利的事物 England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.(P10)‎ 英格兰是四个国家中最大的，为方便起见，它大体上分成三个区。‎ ‎(1)for convenience 为了方便起见 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候 ‎(2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的 It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事 ‎(3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 ‎①[2015·陕西高考]If you are interested, please send an application email at_your_earliest_convenience to Ms Chen.‎ 如果您感兴趣的话，请尽早在您方便的时候发email给陈女士。‎ ‎②[2014·湖南高考]Traditional water bottle makes it inconvenient for travelers to have a comfortable drink anytime and anywhere.‎ 传统的水瓶不方便旅客随时随地舒适地喝水。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Thanks for your attention and we are looking forward to your favorable reply at_your_earliest_convenience.‎ 谢谢您的关注并期待早日收到您的回复。‎ ‎3　　attract　vt.吸引；引起 It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.(P10)‎ 可惜的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市不吸引游客。‎ ‎(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事 be attracted by 被……所吸引 ‎(2)attraction n. 有趣的东西；吸引人之物 ‎(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的 be attractive to 对……有吸引力 ‎①[2015·福建高考]China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.‎ ‎《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者群，这表明全世界越来越多的人想要了解中国。‎ ‎②[2014·安徽高考]Historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.‎ 对大多数人来说，历史建筑是有吸引力且重要的。‎ ‎③[2014·北京高考]The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is one of Victoria's leading visitor attractions.‎ 墨尔本海洋生物水族馆，是维多利亚主要景点之一。‎ ‎4　　arrange　vt.筹备；安排；整理 They had no time to arrange their own wedding, so they had it organized by a company. (P13)‎ 他们没有时间筹备自己的婚礼，因此他们让一家公司代为组织。‎ ‎ (1)arrange (for) sth. 整理/安排/筹划某事 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排某人/某物做某事 ‎(2)arrangement n. 安排，准备 ‎①[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ Abercrombie & Kent，香港的一家旅行公司，说它为住在上海和香港的人们在这里定期地安排了短期休假的地方。‎ ‎②[2014·安徽高考]For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial arrangement is comforting.‎ 因为时间和生活似乎是不可控的，因此稳定连续的安排会令人舒适。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]The company will arrange_for_a_taxi_to_meet you at the airport.‎ 公司会安排一辆出租车去机场接你。‎ ‎5　　delight　n．快乐；高兴；喜悦　vt.使高兴；使欣喜 Her first delight was going to the Tower. (P14)‎ 她最想参观的地方是伦敦塔。‎ ‎(1)令某人非常高兴的是 take delight in 以……为乐 with delight 高兴地 ‎(2)delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的 be delighted to do 乐意做某事 be delighted at 为……感到高兴 ‎①[2015·福建高考]To_my_delight,_I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ 令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。‎ ‎②[2015·湖北高考]The professor was_delighted_to_find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently.‎ 教授高兴地发现学生们已独立完成了该项目的三分之二。‎ ‎③[2014·湖北高考]What made the fans delighted was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.‎ 使球迷们欣喜的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2014·福建高考]Real riches consist ________ welldeveloped and hearty capacities to enjoy life.‎ 答案：of　句意：真正的财富是由发达的和热忱的去享受生活的能力组成的。consist of“由……组成”。‎ ‎2．[2015·陕西高考]They are indifferent to the ________ (convenience) caused to others.‎ 答案：inconvenience　句意：他们对给他人造成的不便漠不关心。‎ ‎3．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]This former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist ________ (attract)．‎ 答案：attraction　由空前的“a major tourist”可知此处应填名词形式。‎ ‎4．[2014·陕西高考]Tourists ________ (arrange) by travel companies tend to stay at big foreignowned hotels, buying few local products.‎ 答案：arranged　句意：旅行社安排的游客倾向于待在大的外资旅馆里，很少买当地产品。空后的“by”是解题关键。空处应填过去分词作定语，表被动。‎ ‎5．She was delighted ________ the news of the wedding.‎ 答案：at　be delighted at“因……感到高兴”。‎ ‎6．When would it be ________ (convenience) for you to start work?‎ 答案：convenient　句意：你什么时候方便开始工作呢？It is convenient for sb. to do sth.“某人方便做某事”。‎ ‎7．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]No matter how ________ (attract) they look in the store, once I get them home they're unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless.‎ 答案：attractive　句意：无论它们在商店里看起来是多么地诱人，一旦我将它们买回家，它们就一定会发干、变硬，并且索然无味。attractive“吸引人的；有吸引力的”。‎ ‎8．[2014·上海高考]Apparently, I had difficulty adapting myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my ________ (delighted)．‎ 答案：delight　to one's delight“令某人高兴的是”。‎ ‎9．It is not necessary for parents to ________ (arrangement) everything for their children.‎ 答案：arrange　分析句子结构知，空处应填动词形式，构成不定式作真正的主语。句意：父母没有必要为孩子安排好一切。‎ ‎10．The beauty of Venice consists largely ________ the style of its ancient buildings.‎ 答案：in　句意：威尼斯的美很大程度上在于城中古建筑物的风格。consist in“在于”。‎ ‎1　　divide...into... 把……分成……‎ England can be divided into three main areas.(P9)‎ 英国可以划分为三个主要地区。‎ ‎①[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]With its focus divided,_the lion becomes confused.‎ 注意力被分散后，狮子迷惑了。‎ ‎②[2014·江苏高考]With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided_into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against”．‎ 随着英语词汇在媒体及日常生活中的流行，一本中国字典收录了239个单词，公众顿时分成了支持和反对两个相对的派别。‎ 易混辨析 divide ‎(... into...)常指把某个整体划分为若干部分 separate ‎(... from...)表示“将……与……分开”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来 图解助记 ‎③用divide和separate的正确形式填空 a．Our class is ________ two teams.‎ b．Are you anxious and restless if you are ________ your mobile phone?‎ 答案：a.divided into　b．separated from ‎2　　take the place of 代替 All of the words below can take the place of said, but they are used under different conditions.(P12)‎ 下列所有单词都可以取代said，但它们用于不同的情况。‎ ‎ ‎①[牛津词典]Computers have taken_the_place_of_ typewriters in most offices.‎ 在大多数办公室，电脑已经取代了打字机。‎ ‎②[2014·江苏高考]Where does the conversation probably take_place?‎ 这次对话有可能在哪儿发生？‎ ‎③[朗文词典]The chairs for the concert were nearly all in_place.‎ 音乐会要用的椅子差不多都摆好了。‎ ‎3　　break down (机器)出故障；(计划、希望、谈判等)失败；身体垮掉；分解 On my way to the station my car broke down.(P13)‎ 在去车站的路上，我的汽车坏了。‎ ‎ ‎①He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the airconditioning system broke_down.‎ 他不得不不时地停下来擦去额头的汗水，因为空调坏了。‎ ‎②[2014·天津高考]The two countries are going to meet to break_down_some_barriers to trade between them.‎ 这两个国家打算会晤商讨打破两国贸易的障碍。‎ 图解助记 break down 过关演练 选词填空 leave out； divide...into； break down； take the place of； consist of； break out； to one's credit； take place ‎1．[2014·浙江高考]The next night and many nights thereafter, a kind of unspoken ritual (仪式) ________.‎ 答案：took place ‎2．Great ________ he came out first.‎ 答案：to his credit ‎3．Please ________ the cake ________ quarters and share it equally.‎ 答案：divide; into ‎4．I'll ________ my father to run the company.‎ 答案：take the place of ‎5．His health ________ under the pressure of work.‎ 答案：broke down ‎6．The world ________ seven continents and four oceans.‎ 答案：consists of ‎7．Armed conflict is likely to ________ between the two countries.‎ 答案：break out ‎8．You've ________ the most important word in this sentence.‎ 答案：left out ‎1　　It looked splendid when_first_built！(P14)‎ 刚建成时，它(圣保罗大教堂)看起来真是金碧辉煌！‎ ‎(1)当when引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it，且谓语部分含有动词be时，这时可把从句的主语(或it)连同谓语动词be省略掉，省略后的部分为“when＋分词/介词短语/形容词/名词短语等”。‎ ‎(2)引导状语从句时可以省略的连词还有：‎ while, once, as, as if, when, unless, until, even if, though, if等。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2014·浙江高考]While_(he_was)_staying_ in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return.‎ 在村庄停留期间，詹姆士无私地和村民分享他所拥有的一切，不要求任何回报。‎ ‎②[2015·北京高考]If_(you_are)_accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.‎ 如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你会很快被通知的。‎ ‎③[朗文词典]Once_(it_is)_seen,_it'll never be forgotten.‎ 一旦见到，它就不会被忘记。‎ ‎④[新英汉大词典]If__(it_is)_possible,_I'll go to see my grandparents this weekend.‎ 如果有可能的话，这周末我去看我的祖父母。‎ ‎2　　It_seemed_strange_that the man who had developed communism should_have_lived_and_died in London.(P14)‎ 这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。‎ ‎(1)在It＋系动词＋形容词(strange, necessary, natural, important, a pity) that...句型里，that引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”或“should have done”，should可以省略。‎ ‎(2)在It is/was suggested (ordered, required, desired, advocated, etc.)‎ ‎ that...句型中，that引导的主语从句用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2014·重庆高考]In my opinion, it is important that we_(should)_value our friends instead of phones in our real life.‎ 在我看来，在我们真实的生活中我们应该重视我们的朋友而不是手机，这一点很重要。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]It has been suggested that bright_children_take_their_exams early.‎ 有人提议天资好的孩子提前考试。‎ ‎③It is strange that he_(should)_have_done such silly things.‎ 真是奇怪，他竟然做出如此愚蠢的事情。‎ ‎3　　Now when people refer to England you find_Wales_included as well.(P10)‎ 现在当人们谈到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士也被包含在内。‎ ‎ (1)本句中find＋宾语＋过去分词作宾语补足语，对宾语Wales进行补充说明，与Wales之间为被动关系。‎ ‎(2)find＋宾语＋宾语补足语的句型公式为：‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·北京高考]You won't find_paper_cutting_difficult as long as you keep practising it.‎ 只要一直练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难的。‎ ‎②[2014·辽宁高考]My husband rushed to their home to find_a_kind_family_holding all his papers and documents.‎ 我丈夫匆忙地赶到他们家，结果发现善良的一家人正拿着他所有的文件。‎ ‎③I hope to find_you_in_better_spirits when we meet again.‎ 我希望我们下次见面时，你的精神状况会更好。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2013·陕西高考]Many parents find it ________ (help) to have pets in the house for their children.‎ 答案：helpful　分析句子结构知，空处应填形容词作宾补，句意：许多家长发现在家中养宠物对孩子很有帮助。‎ ‎2．[2015·湖南高考]Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands.‎ 答案：left　句意：电子游戏如果使用不当就会产生不良影响。Video ‎ games与leave为被动关系，故用过去分词。此处考查状语从句的省略。‎ ‎3．When I returned to my office, I found my desk ________ (remove)．‎ 答案：removed　句意：当我回到办公室时，我发现我的桌子被搬走了。由句意可知应填过去分词removed作宾补，表示被动。‎ ‎4．It is necessary that the problem ________ (discuss) at once.‎ 答案：(should) be discussed　句意：立刻讨论这个问题很有必要。此处考查虚拟语气且问题(problem)是被讨论。‎ ‎5．Once ________ (form), the bad habits are hard to get rid of.‎ 答案：formed　句意：一旦形成，坏习惯很难改掉。此处考查状语从句的省略，补充完整为：Once (it is) formed...。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．He ________________ to solve the problem.‎ 他发现要解决这个问题很难。‎ 答案：found it very difficult ‎2．It is important that we ________________ when we are facing difficulties.‎ 重要的是，在面对困难时我们应保持冷静。‎ 答案：(should) keep calm ‎3．When ________________ where she was from, the little girl was only crying, saying nothing.‎ 当被问到她是哪里人时，这个小女孩只是哭 ，什么也不说。‎ 答案：asked 过去分词作宾补 宾语补足语一般放在宾语之后，对宾语起补充说明的作用，而过去分词作宾补，一般表示被动或完成的意义，宾语是过去分词动作的对象。‎ The manager was satisfied to see many products developed (develop) after great effort.‎ 能用过去分词作宾补的几类动词 ‎(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, watch, feel, think, find, notice, listen to等。‎ He was about to enter the hall when he heard his name called (call)．‎ ‎(2)表示“致使”意义的动词，如：make, get, have, keep，leave等。‎ Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused (amuse) with her stories.‎ ‎－名师点睛－‎ ‎“have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种用法：‎ ‎①表示让别人做某事 Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired (repair) went wrong again.‎ ‎②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”等 My sister had her wallet stolen (steal) on a bus last month.‎ ‎③表示自己完成某事或自己参与完成某事。‎ Li Hua hopes that his English teacher will suggest a good way to have his English improved (improve) in a short period of time.‎ ‎(3)表示“希望，愿望或要求”等意义的词，如want, wish, like, expect, order等。‎ The teacher wouldn't like the problem discussed (discuss) at the moment.‎ ‎(4)用在“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”结构中，表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。‎ With the work finished (finish), they went to the seaside for a holiday.‎ 现在分词与过去分词作宾补的区别 I found him lying (lie) on the grass just now.‎ I found him knocked (knock) down by a car.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．I would like this matter ________ (settle) immediately.‎ 答案：settled　句意：我希望此事立即得到解决。would like sth. done“希望某事被……”，故填settled。‎ ‎2．The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ________ (hear)．‎ 答案：heard　make oneself heard/understood “使自己被(别人)听到/理解”。‎ ‎3．We have our classroom ________ (clean) after school every day.‎ 答案：cleaned　classroom与clean为被动关系，故填过去分词cleaned作宾补。‎ ‎4．[2015·浙江高考]Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ________ (perform) live is quite another.‎ 答案：being performed　句意：在家听音乐是一回事，去听现场演奏是另外一回事。it作hear的宾语，指代music，与perform为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示动作正在进行，故填being performed。‎ ‎5．Entering the yard, I found it ________ (cover) with lots of ________ (fall) leaves.‎ 答案：covered; fallen　句意：进入院子，我发现院子覆盖着许多落叶。it指代the yard，与cover为被动关系，故填covered; fallen leaves“落叶”。‎