【英语】2018届二轮复习　状语从句考点讲与练（含有解析）学案（11页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习　状语从句考点讲与练（含有解析）学案（11页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习　状语从句考点讲与练 ‎(一)时间状语从句 ‎1．when，while和as的用法 连词 含义及用法 when ‎“当……时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生 while ‎“当……时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生 as ‎“一边……一边……”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生 When you apply for a job，you must present your credentials.‎ 当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证书。‎ Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.‎ 客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。‎ As he grew older，he became less active.‎ 随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。‎ ‎[易错警示]　如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。‎ When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend.‎ 我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。‎ ‎2．before与since的用法 ‎(1)before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没来得及……就……”。常用于以下句型：‎ ‎·It will be＋一段时间＋before...多久之后才……‎ ‎·It won't be long before...不久之后就……‎ ‎·It was＋一段时间＋before...过了多久才……‎ ‎①John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.‎ 约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。‎ ‎②(2016·江苏高考)One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.‎ 一个就是：这些本能在大部分家长开始训练孩子的社会行为之前，在非常小的年龄就出现了。‎ ‎(2)since的用法 ‎①since表示“自从……”，其引导的从句在句中作状语时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；从句常用一般过去时。‎ I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States.‎ 自从我定居美国后，我回过两次家。‎ They have been living very happily since they got married.‎ 自从结婚后他们一直生活得很幸福。‎ ‎②since引导的从句的谓语若是持续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若是终止性动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。‎ He has written to me frequently since he was ill.‎ 自从病好以来，他经常给我来信。‎ He has written to me frequently since he went abroad.‎ 他自出国以来，经常给我写信。‎ ‎③since表示“自从……以来”，常用于“It is/has been＋时间段＋since从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)……已经多长时间了”，一般从句的时态用一般过去时，主句中的时态用现在完成时。‎ As is reported，it has been/is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.‎ 据报道，清华大学已经建立了100多年了。‎ ‎3．till，until和not...until...的用法 ‎(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。‎ Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?‎ 这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？‎ ‎(2)not...until...表示“直到……才”，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。‎ As far as I know，his mother won't go to bed until he returns home every evening.‎ 据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。‎ ‎4．表示“一……就……，刚……就……”的常用表达 ‎(1)表示“一……就……”的表达 as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，the instant The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.‎ 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。‎ ‎(2)表示“刚……就……”的表达 no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。‎ He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started ‎ cheering.‎ ‎＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.‎ 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。‎ ‎(二)条件状语从句 ‎1．条件状语从句的常见引导词 if，unless(＝if...not)，so/as long as(只要)，no condition that(条件是)，if only(＝if)，provided that(如果)，in case(万一，如果)，suppose/supposing that(假设，如果)，assuming that等均可引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎①We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it's very cold.‎ 除非下雨或天很冷，否则我们将在本周日去公园野餐。‎ ‎②My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.‎ 我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。‎ ‎2．条件状语从句的时态 在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。‎ ‎①(2016·天津高考)If we work hard，we will find a way out.‎ 如果努力工作，我们会找到出路的。‎ If everyone does his part，the project will surely be a success.‎ 如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。‎ ‎(三)让步状语从句 ‎1．although，though，while引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎①Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important，it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.‎ 尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。‎ ‎②(2016·浙江高考)While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.‎ 尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是不是所有的影响都是积极的。‎ ‎2．as，though引导的让步状语从句需用部分倒装语序。‎ Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.‎ 在长途跋涉之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累而睡得很熟。‎ ‎3．“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论……”。‎ However hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.‎ 不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。‎ ‎4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论……还是……”，表示正反两种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。‎ We'll go on with the work，whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.‎ 不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。‎ ‎(四)地点状语从句 地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由where，wherever引导，可置于句首、句中或句尾。‎ I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.‎ 因为我坐的地方噪声太大，所以听不清教授在说什么。‎ ‎[易错警示]‎ where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别：‎ 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别在于从句在句中所作的成分，如果作状语，则是状语从句；如果作定语，则是定语从句。‎ The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.(状语从句，其中remain为不及物动词)‎ ‎→The little girl who got lost decided to remain in the place where she was and wait for her mother.(定语从句)‎ 那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的母亲。‎ ‎(五)原因状语从句 原因状语从句可由because，as，since，now that，in that，considering(that)等词引导。‎ ‎1．because译作“因为”，表示直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。‎ The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.‎ 那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。‎ ‎2．as译作“由于”，语气较轻，常表示显而易见的原因；since(既然)，now that(既然)，in that(因为)，表示双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as，since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。‎ Now that you have got a job，you should learn to be independent of your parents.‎ 既然你找到了一份工作，你就应该学会独立不依靠父母。‎ ‎(六)方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。‎ ‎①The house was greatly damaged by the truck.We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.‎ 卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。‎ ‎②The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.‎ 建筑业不再像以往那样萧条了。‎ ‎③The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.‎ 这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。‎ ‎(七)结果状语从句 ‎1．引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so...that...，such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：‎ ‎①He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.‎ ‎＝He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.‎ 他如此有学问，以至于我们都非常赞赏他。‎ ‎②It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.‎ 天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。‎ ‎③He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.‎ 他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。‎ ‎2．当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such...as to...。‎ He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the ‎ difficult problems.‎ ‎＝He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.‎ 他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。‎ ‎(八)目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case(that)，lest等。‎ ‎1．in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句 两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。‎ When he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.‎ 他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。‎ ‎2．for fear that，in case(that)和lest引导的目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case(that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。‎ ‎①The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.‎ 那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。‎ ‎②(2016·全国乙卷)Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.‎ 莱瑞告诉她他已经扑灭了火，她不应当动弹以免她伤了脖子。‎ 核心考点针对练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·东城期中)It has been separated from other continents for millions of years， it has many plants and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.‎ ‎2．(2017·东城期中)I have never been to Rome that's the city I'd most like to visit.‎ ‎3．(2017·杭州质检) there was no conclusive evidence，most people thought he was guilty.‎ ‎4．(2017·西工大附中质检)More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want，and I am one of them.I just can't help buying things I need them or not.‎ ‎5．(2017·衡水中学七调)As we can see，developing a good habit is so important I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit－keep a learning diary every day.‎ ‎6．(2017·浙江名校联考) the wedding ceremony began，the couple nervously repeated their vows“We promise to love each other for better，for worse，for richer，for poorer，in sickness and in health”.‎ ‎7．(2017·西安中学质检) we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized，we are not really learning the language.‎ ‎8．(2017·赣中南五校适应性考试)Earthquake safety is very important and there is more to it just keeping buildings from falling down.‎ ‎9．(2017·赣榆智贤中学检测) he has decided to come to see you，when do you think he will come?‎ ‎10．(2017·泰兴四中检测)－It's a long time I saw you last.‎ ‎－Yes，and what a pity！It will be a long time we see each other again.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ ‎1．so　[句意：由于与其他大陆分开了好几百万年，因此那里有许多在世界别的地方找不到的植物和动物。前后两句为因果关系，故答案为so。]‎ ‎2．but　[句意：我从未去过罗马，但那是我最想去的城市。前后两句为转折关系，故答案为but。]‎ ‎3．While/Although/Though　[句意：虽然没有确凿证据，但大多数人认为他有罪。根据句意可知答案为While，Although或Though。]‎ ‎4．whether　[句意：越来越多的人愿意在网上买自己想要的东西，我就是其中之一。无论我需不需要，我都会情不自禁地买东西。根据语境可以推断出此处考查让步状语从句，whether...or not意为：无论……还是……。]‎ ‎5．that　[句意：正如我们看到的那样，养成一个好的习惯如此重要，以至于我想介绍一种好的学习习惯，即每天都要记学习笔记。根据语境可知此处考查so...that引导的结果状语从句。]‎ ‎6．As/When　[句意：当婚礼开始时，那对新人紧张地重复着他们的誓言“我们发誓彼此相爱，无论环境好坏、无论贫穷富足、无论生病健康。”根据上下文逻辑可知设空处引导时间状语从句，且从句谓语动词为瞬间动词，故答案为As或When。]‎ ‎7．If　[句意：如果我们对仅仅记住几条规则就感到满意的话，那我们就不是真的在学习这门语言。根据语境此处应该是考查条件状语从句，所以要用if引导。]‎ ‎8．than　[句意：地震安全非常重要，与防止建筑物倒塌相比，还有更多的事情要做。根据本句中的more可以设空处填than。]‎ ‎9．Since　[句意：既然他已决定来看你，你认为他什么时候来呢？since从属连词，既然。]‎ ‎10．since；before　[句意：——自从我上次见你到现在已经很长时间了。——是的，真遗憾！还得很长时间我们才会再次见面。“It is＋一段时间＋since...”意为：自从……到现在已经有一段时间了。“It will be＋一段时间＋before...”意为：还得有一段时间才会……。]‎