2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气

2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气

‎ ‎ 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法，以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。‎ 一、 情态动词表推测的用法 ‎ 情态动词 ‎ 意义 ‎ 语气 ‎ 句式 ‎ 语境 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ must 一定 ‎ 可能性最大 ‎ 肯定句 ‎ 对 具 体 事 实 的 ‎①A：Look，someone is coming. Who can it be? B: It may be our headmaster. A: It can’t be him. He has gone to ‎ ‎①对现在的行为或状态的推测：must/may/might/can/could＋do ②对过去的行为或状态的推测：must/may/might/can/could have done ‎ 判 断 Shanghai‎. B: It must be Mr. Wang. He looks like our headmaster. ②That may not be true. ③He couldn't have discovered the truth. ‎ ‎ ‎ may/might(might可能性小于may)‎ 可能 可能性较小，尤其might最不肯定 肯定句、否定句(可能不)‎ can/could (could可能性小于can)‎ 可能 ‎ ‎ 疑问句、否定句(不可能)、(could有时也用于肯定句)‎ 有时会 ‎ ‎ 肯定句 情态动词 ‎ 意义 ‎ 语气 ‎ 句式 ‎ 语境 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ should /ought to 应该 ，理应 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 理论上 ‎①It's 8 o'clock now. He should be in the office now. ‎ ‎②Hi, Mum! I'm on the bus. I should be home in about ten minutes. ‎ 常表示在一段时间内可能发生的事或某人的期望。一般句末有时间状语，或有语境暗示。所表示的猜测发生的可能性很大。 ‎ 注意：should (ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。如：‎ ‎— When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.‎ ‎— They ________ be ready by 12：00. ‎ ‎ A．can B．should C．might D．need ‎ 【解析】 B　A项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。C项表示推测语气不太肯定。should意为“按理说，理应”，既回答了顾客的询问，不失礼貌，又为照片有可能尚未洗好，顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地，体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲。 ‎ 二、情态动词的其他用法 ‎1．can, could, may, might 情态动词 意义 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ can/could 能力 ‎ ‎①I can see some birds flying in the sky. ‎ ‎②Could the girl read before she went to school? ‎ could表示泛指过去的某一能力。表示过去有能力并且成功地做了某事，通常用was/were able to do，相当于managed to do/succeeded in doing。如：Because he practised hard, he was able to pass the driving test. ‎ 情态动词 意义 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ can/could 允许(有时可与may互换) ‎ Can/May I have a look at your photos？ ‎ can与could、may与might不表时态差异，只是语气上的差别，could/might比can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。 ‎ 请求 ‎ ‎—Can/Could you lend me a hand？—Yes, I can. ‎ 情态动词 意义 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ may/might 允许或请求 ‎ ‎①You may take this if you like.‎ ‎②May/Might I ask for a photo of your baby？ ‎ can与could、may与might不表时态差异，只是语气上的差别，could/might比can/may更委婉。注意在回答时不能用could/ might。 ‎ ‎2.must, should ‎ 情态动词 意义 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ must ‎ 必须 ‎ ‎①We must help each other to overcome the difficulties. ②—Must I finish the work today？—No, you needn't/you don't have to./Yes, you must. ③You mustn't take photos here, and it is forbidden. ‎ ‎①must表示主观意志，have to表示客观。如：They had to speed up, for the weather turned terrible. ②Must I/we…？的否定回答不能用mustn't。 ‎ 偏要 硬要 非要 ‎①Why must you always interrupt me？‎ ‎②—Can I borrow your car, Mum？—If you must. ‎ 表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦。 ‎ 情态动词 意义 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ should ‎ 应该(常与oughtto通用)‎ You should be polite to the old. ‎ ought to 的否定式：ought not to(oughtn't to)；疑问式：Ought …to…？ ‎ 竟然 ‎ It is strange that he should react in this way. ‎ 表示惊讶、意外等语气。 ‎ 万一 ‎ ‎①Should anyone phone, tell them I will call back later. (＝ If anyone should phone…)②If I should go there tomorrow, I would go to see her. ‎ 用于if从句中强调“万一”，或用于虚拟语气。 ‎ ‎3. need, dare ‎ 情态动词 例句 ‎ 注意事项 ‎ need ‎①I needn't go at once. ‎ ‎②—Need you go at once？—Yes，I must. /No, I needn't.‎ ‎①need可以作实义动词，用于各种句式。如：I need to go at once.I don't need to go at once. —Do you need to go at once？—Yes，I do.②need作情态动词常用于否定、疑问或条件句中。‎ dare ‎①He daren't cross the river.②How dare you say that to me？‎ dare和need一样，既可以作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。如：He didn't dare (to) go out alone at night. (在否定句中to有时可省略) ‎ ‎4.shall/will/would 情态动词 意义 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ shall ‎ 表示征询意见。 ‎ Shall I help you？ ‎ 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中。 ‎ 表示说话人的意愿，有“命令，允诺，警告，决心”等意思。 ‎ ‎①You shall do as I say. (命令)‎ ‎②You shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺)‎ ‎③If you don't get out, I shall knock you down. (警告)‎ 用于第二、第三人称。 ‎ ‎4.shall/will/would 情态动词 意义 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ will/would 表示意愿 ‎ ‎①I will do everything for you. ②None is so blind as those who won't see. ‎ ‎ ‎ 表请求 ‎ Will/ Would you please close the window？ ‎ 用于疑问句中。would更委婉 ‎ 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作 ‎ ‎①Fish will die without water. ②Every time she was in trouble，she would turn to him for help. (would指过去某一段时间的情况，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，意为“总是，总会”，后面只能接动作性的动词。) ‎ used to表示与现在的情况相反，表示“过去如此而现在不再这样”。其后既可接表动作的动词，也可接表状态的动词。如：There used to be an apple tree in front of the house.‎ ‎4.shall/will/would 情态动词 意义 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ will/would 表示功能(能，行) ‎ ‎①If you don't have a pen, a pencil will do.②We tried the door again，but it wouldn't open. ‎ 与否定词连用常表示“拒绝”。 ‎ 表示推测(可能、大概) ‎ ‎①This will be the house you are looking for. ②I would be about ten when my father left home.‎ ‎ ‎ 一、 情态动词＋have done ‎ 情态动词 意义 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ must have done；may/might have done；can/could have done 一定(肯定句)；可能(肯定句和否定句)；可能(疑问句和否定句)‎ You can't/couldn't have met my grandmother. She died before you were born. ‎ 对过去的事情的推测 ‎ might have done; couldhave done；would have done 本来可能做……而未做；本可以做……而未做；本来会做……而未做 ‎①He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.②We could have walked there, and it was so 与过去事实相反的虚拟表达 ‎ ‎ near.‎ 情态动词 意义 ‎ 例句 ‎ 备注 ‎ should/ought to have done 本应该做……而未做 ‎ Your brother has failed English exam again. You ought to have given him more help. ‎ 表示责备 needn't have done 本不需要做……但却做了 You needn't have wakened me up; I don't have to go to work today.‎ ‎ ‎ 四、虚拟语气 ‎ 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。‎ 1． 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 ‎ ‎　‎ if从句 主句 与现在事实相反 if＋主语＋动词过去式 主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 If ＋主语＋had＋过去分词 主语＋should/would/could/might＋ have＋ 过去分词 与将来事实相反 ‎(1) if＋主语＋动词过去式 主语＋should/would/could/ might＋动词原形 ‎(2)if＋主语＋were to＋动词原形 ‎(3) if＋主语＋should＋动词原形 If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car. 如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。(明天的情况还不知道)‎ ‎ If I had done it in time, I should have had a good time. 如果我及时做的话，日子就好过多了。(可惜当时没能及时做)‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎(1) 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。‎ ‎(2) 条件句中如果动词是be，其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were；在第一、三人称单数的口语中，可用was代替were。但在if I were you中，不能说成if I was you。‎ ‎(3) 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如：‎ ‎ If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.‎ ‎ 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。‎ ‎ If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.‎ ‎ 如果他不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。‎ ‎(4) 在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。‎ 如：If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. ＝ Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion. 如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。‎ ‎(5) 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如：‎ ‎ But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)‎ ‎ With your help, we might finish the plan earlier.‎ ‎ 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句)‎ ‎2． 虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法 专题八 │ 正面解读 ‎　‎ 宾语从句 愿望 I wish ‎　‎ ‎　‎ 主语＋动词过去式 现在不能实现的愿望 主语＋had＋过去分词 过去不能实现的愿望 主语＋would/might＋动词原形 将来不能实现的愿望 I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在)‎ ‎ I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来)‎ ‎ I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it. ‎ ‎ 我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)‎ ‎3． 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用 ‎(1) 在insist；command，order；demand，request，require，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：‎ ‎ He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once.‎ ‎ 他要她立刻离开这所房子。‎ He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development. ‎ ‎ 他建议我们应该用发展的眼光处理这个问题。‎ ‎(2) 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。如：‎ ‎ My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.‎ ‎ 我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。‎ ‎(3) 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … )that… 结构中，主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如：‎ ‎ It's required that every student be on time for school. ‎ ‎ 要求每个学生准时到校。‎ ‎(4) 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：‎ ‎ What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?‎ ‎ 你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？‎ ‎(5) 在It's＋necessary，essential，important, strange, natural等形容词＋ that从句或It's a pity，a shame等名词＋ that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用should do。如：‎ ‎ It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。‎ ‎ It's a pity that you should be so careless.‎ ‎ 你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。‎ ‎4． 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 ‎ 在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，表示与过去相反的情况等。其变化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。如：‎ ‎ I've loved you as if you were my relative.‎ ‎ 我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。‎ ‎5． 虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法 ‎(1) It's high time that从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should＋动词原形；表示“早该……了”，其中should不可省略。如：‎ ‎ It's high time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。‎ ‎(2) would rather＋从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反；用过去完成式，表示与过去的情况相反。如：‎ ‎ I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。‎ ‎(3) if only…要是……多好啊。如：‎ ‎ If only you hadn't offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。‎ ‎ If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了。‎ ‎(4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如：‎ ‎ May you succeed！祝你成功！‎ ‎ Long live the People's Republic of China. ‎ ‎ 中华人民共和国万岁！‎ ‎1. 【误】 The streets are all dry; it mustn't have rained last night. ‎ ‎ 【正】 The streets are all dry; it can't have rained last night. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 对某一事实的否定推测不能用must，而要用can't 或couldn't表示“不可能”。‎ ‎2． 【误】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess. ‎ ‎ 【正】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 猜的事情发生在昨天，因此要用情态动词＋have done形式，当动词是be时，很容易忽略它的时态意义，要特别留意。‎ ‎3． 【误】 He must be very friendly at times. ‎ ‎ 【正】 He can be very friendly at times. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 句意为：他有时会很友好。可知此处并非对现在的状态进行推测，而是一种理论上的可能性，因此用can。‎ ‎4． 【误】 I can't find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday. ‎ ‎ 【正】 I can't find my keys. I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用must/may/might have done sth. 另外，表示“把……忘记在某地”应用动词leave。‎ ‎5． 【误】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out. ‎ ‎ 【正】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone was able to get out. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 表示在过去成功地做到了某事，肯定句中通常用was/were able to do sth.。‎ ‎6． 【误】 Will I open the window for you?‎ ‎ 【正】 Shall I open the window for you?‎ ‎ 【解析】 shall与第一、第三人称连用，表示征求意见或请求指示，这时不可用will。will通常与第二人称连用，即Will you…？‎ ‎7． 【误】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water. ‎ ‎ 【正】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 根据第一句可知，植物已经死亡，所以应该是自责：本应该多浇些水的。要用should have done形式表示“本应该做……而未做”。‎ ‎8． 【误】 Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. ‎ ‎ 【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. ‎ ‎ 【正】 If they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 当条件中含有were, had, should等时，可省略if，从而把were, had, should提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句，则只把were, had, should提前，not仍放在主语之后。‎ ‎9． 【误】 If only I saw the film yesterday. ‎ ‎ 【正】 If only I had seen the film yesterday. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 if only后句子若表示过去的一种愿望，其谓语动词应用过去完成式，即if only sb. had done sth. 。‎ ‎1．—Everyone in my class passed the exam. ‎ ‎ —Oh，really？It ________ difficult. ‎ ‎ A．can't have been B．needn't have been ‎ C．must be D．mightn't be ‎ 【解析】 A　考查情态动词。对过去进行推测，表示“一定不”应使用 can't have done。句意为：“我们班上每个人都通过了考试。”“哦，真的吗？那题目一定不难。”‎ ‎2． [2009·安徽卷] Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they ________ just be quiet people.‎ ‎ A．must B．may C．should D．would ‎ 【解析】 B　句意为：有些人不喜欢讲话不一定是害羞，他们可能是安静的人。此处用may表示“可能”之意。‎ ‎3． —Why didn't you answer the phone last night?‎ ‎ —I ________ when you called. ‎ ‎ A．had to have slept ‎ B．had to be sleeping ‎ C．must have been sleeping ‎ D．must have slept ‎ 【解析】 C　由时间状语和结合语境来看，这是对过去某个时间点正在发生事情的肯定推测，再结合题意，应该是must have been doing结构，选C。‎ ‎4． When I lived with my roommates in the university, we ________ often talk into the night. ‎ ‎ A．might B．must C．should D．would ‎ 【解析】 D　这里描述的是过去经常发生的动作(或过去经常做的事情)。‎ ‎5． —This is the first time I ________ my first picture with my own hands. ‎ ‎ —It is time that you ________ a picture for me. ‎ ‎ A．took; took ‎ ‎ B．have taken; took ‎ C．took; will take ‎ ‎ D．will take; have taken ‎ 【解析】 B　This/It is the first time that…中，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成式；It's (high) time that…中，从句谓语动词通常用一般过去式(即虚拟语气)，意为“该是做……的时候了”。‎ ‎6． —Why hasn't Jack come back yet？________anything have happened to him?‎ ‎ —I'm not sure, but I guess something________. ‎ ‎ A．May；must have B．Can；may have ‎ C．Must；may D．Dare；might have ‎ 【解析】 B　考查情态动词。在一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中表推测时常用can或could，推测发生过的事情时情态动词后要接完成式，只能选B。‎ ‎7．It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it________ be rather cold sometimes. ‎ ‎ A．must B．can C．should D．would ‎ 【解析】 B　can用在肯定句中可以指“有时会，可能会”，表示客观情况或逻辑上的可能性。句意为：三月份在我们家乡通常比较暖和，但有时也会非常冷。‎ ‎8． Liza________ well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling. ‎ ‎ A．will B．can C．must D．may ‎ 【解析】 D　may well (not) do sth.意为“很可能(不)干某事，完全(没)有可能干某事”。‎ ‎9． Look at the floor, Tom！________you watch TV while having a meal?‎ ‎ A．Should B．Could ‎ C．Would D．Must ‎ 【解析】 D　must 表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦“非得、偏要”。如：‎ ‎ Must you make so much noise？你就非得弄出这么大声吗？‎ ‎10．The soccer team has been doing well this season，so they ________win the championship. ‎ ‎ A．should B．might C．would D．must ‎ 【解析】 A　本题考查情态动词。句意为：这个足球队在这个季度训练得很好，因此，他们应该会赢得冠军。根据常理进行推测表示“应该……”时用should。‎ ‎11．When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board ______ that only ‎ half of them would return again. ‎ ‎ A．will never think ‎ ‎ B．can never think ‎ C．needn't have thought ‎ ‎ D．couldn't have thought ‎ 【解析】 D　考查“情态动词＋完成式”的用法。根据句意“当这艘轮船从泰国驶出的时候，船上的16名船员不会想到他们当中只有一半的人会返回”可知，这里表示对过去事情的否定推测，选D。‎ ‎12．—What does the sign over there read?‎ ‎ —No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area. ‎ ‎ A．will B．shall C．may D．must ‎ 【解析】 B　考查情态动词的特殊用法。答句句意为：任何人在这里都不能吸烟或者是携带点燃的香烟。shall在这里表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。‎ 专题八 │ 实战演练 ‎13．It's hard to believe that such a greedy man________ donate so much to Project Hope. ‎ ‎ A．may B．need C．can D．shall ‎ 【解析】 C　考查情态动词的特殊用法。句意为：这么贪婪的人竟能为希望工程捐出这么多钱，真是难以置信！can在这里表示惊讶、不相信，意为“居然会，竟能”。‎ ‎14．For environmental reasons，we ________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled. ‎ ‎ A．should B．would C．might D．could ‎ 【解析】 C　考查情态动词。所填词与as well构成固定搭配，意思是不妨，用might，选C。‎ ‎15．We ________ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though. ‎ ‎ A．could be B．should be ‎ C．must have been D．would have been ‎ 【解析】 D　would have done sth.表示与已经发生的事实相反，意思是“本来会……但实际没有”。句意为：我们本来能在午餐时到达，但我们在机场被延误了。‎ ‎16．—Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning. ‎ ‎ —Really？He ________ the 9：00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train. ‎ ‎ A．could have taken B．should take ‎ C．must have taken D．can take ‎ 【解析】 A　考查情态动词的用法。上句表示珍妮已乘坐8点的汽车去了广州。答句句意为：她本可以坐9点的火车去的，坐火车舒服得多，安全得多。“情态动词could＋完成式”表示“本来可以，而实际上并没有那么做”。‎ ‎17．[2010·四川卷] —________ I take the book out?‎ ‎ —I'm afraid not. ‎ ‎ A．Will B．May C．Must D．Need ‎ 【解析】 B　考查情态动词词义辨析。may用于一般疑问句，表示请求。‎ ‎18．[2010·安徽卷] Jack described his father，who ________ a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man. ‎ ‎ A．would be B．would have been ‎ C．must be D．must have been ‎ 【解析】 D　考查情态动词。句意为：杰克把他父亲描写成一个有坚强意志的人，他很多年前就一定是一个勇敢的男孩。根据many years ago可知，是对过去事情的推测。would have been多用于条件句的虚拟语气中。‎ ‎19．[2010·浙江卷] Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy________. ‎ ‎ A．would have been saved ‎ ‎ B．had been saved ‎ C．will be saved ‎ ‎ D．was saved ‎ 【解析】 A　本题考查虚拟语气。根据Had I known提示，可知此句是虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，故主句谓语用would have done的形式。此外本句还是被动，选A。‎ ‎20．[2010·湖南卷] You ________ buy a gift，but you can if you want to. ‎ ‎ A．must B．mustn't ‎ C．have to D．don't have to ‎ 【解析】 D　考查情态动词。don't have to意为“没有必要”，符合语境。句意为：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。‎ ‎21．[2010·陕西卷] —May I take this book out of the reading room?‎ ‎ —No，you________. You read it in here. ‎ ‎ A．mightn't B．won't C．needn't D．mustn't ‎ 【解析】 D　本题考查情态动词的用法。表示“禁止；千万别做某事”时，要用mustn't。‎ ‎22．[2010·江西卷] I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?‎ ‎ A．Must B．Can C．May D．Will ‎ 【解析】 A　考查情态动词的用法。句意为：我已经告诉你真相了。要我一再重复吗？must在此用于加强语气，意为“必须……吗？非得……吗？”‎ ‎23．[2010·江苏卷] —I haven't got the reference book yet，but I'll have a test on the subject next month. ‎ ‎ —Don't worry. You ________have it by Friday. ‎ ‎ A．could B．shall ‎ C．must D．may ‎【解析】 B　本题考查情态动词。当主语为第二、三人称时，情态动词shall表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁，本句表示允诺。‎ ‎24．[2010·江苏卷] George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture. ‎ ‎ A．focus B．focused ‎ C．would focus D．had focused ‎ 【解析】 B　本题考查虚拟语气。would rather＋从句表示对现在或将来虚拟时应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎25．[2010·全国卷Ⅰ] Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. ‎ ‎ A．can't B．needn't ‎ C．may not D．will not ‎ 【解析】 A　考查情态动词的用法。can't表示“不能”，语气强烈。‎ ‎26．[2010·福建卷] Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ‎ ‎ A．not allow ‎ ‎ B．do not allow ‎ C．mustn't allow ‎ ‎ D．couldn't allow ‎ 【解析】 A　考查虚拟语气。句意为：教师们建议：为了孩子们的安全，父母不应让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。recommend意为“建议”，其后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。‎ ‎27．[2010·天津卷] Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early. ‎ ‎ A．needn't B．wouldn't ‎ C．mustn't D．couldn't ‎ 【解析】 A　needn't have done 本没有必要做某事，实际上做了。‎ ‎28．[2010·重庆卷] You ________ park here! It's an emergency exit. ‎ ‎ A．wouldn't B．needn't ‎ C．couldn't D．mustn't ‎ 【解析】 D　考查情态动词词义辨析。由句意“这里是紧急出口”，可知此处不允许停车，所以用mustn't表示“禁止，不许”。‎ ‎29．[2010·北京卷] —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.‎ ‎ —Ah，good morning. You ________be Mrs. Peters. ‎ ‎ A．might B．must C．would D．can ‎ 【解析】 B　本题考查情态动词。根据句子意思“你肯定是Mrs. Peters”可知用must来表示肯定推测。‎ ‎30．[2010·山东卷] I ________ have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams. ‎ ‎ A．shouldn't B．needn't C．couldn't D．mustn't ‎ 【解析】 A　shouldn't have done意为“本不应该做但实际已经做了(表达后悔的情绪)” ‎ ‎1．(2011·潍坊第一次模拟)—Why didn’t Alex attend the party yesterday evening?‎ ‎—He________not have wanted to see me.‎ A．should B．might C．could D．would 解析：　考查情态动词。语意：他可能不想来见我。might have done 表示对过去一种不太肯定的推测。‎ 答案：　B ‎2．(2011·青岛市模拟)—May I tell this to my close friend?‎ ‎—No，you________.Never let anybody else know about it.‎ A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t 解析：　由“决不可以让其他任何人知道”可知选C，mustn’t 表示“不允许，不可以”，语气强烈。‎ 答案：　C ‎3．(2011·杭州市教学检测)—Mum，I am feeling tired and sleepy now.‎ ‎—You________so late last night.‎ A．couldn’t have stayed up B．mustn’t have stayed up C．shouldn’t have stayed up D．needn’t have stayed up 解析：　考查情态动词。shouldn’t have stayed up本来不该熬夜。couldn’t have stayed up不可能熬夜；needn’t have stayed up本没有必要熬夜。根据语意可知本句是母亲责备孩子昨晚熬夜了，故选C项。‎ 答案：　C ‎4．(2011·南通一模)Shopping online can save much time as you________go to a shop or walk around crowded shopping centers.‎ A．don’t have to B．oughtn’t to C．won’t D．mustn’t 解析：　本题考查情态动词。句意为：由于不必去商店或者拥挤的购物中心，网上购物能够节省大量时间。根据句意，应选A。‎ 答案：　A ‎5．(2011·青岛市联合模拟)—Everyone in my class passed the exam.‎ ‎—Oh，really？It ________difficult.‎ A．can’t have been B．needn’t have been C．must be D．mightn’t be 解析：　考查情态动词。对过去进行推测，表示“一定不”应使用can’t have done。语意：——我们班上每个人都通过了考试。——哦，真的吗？那题目一定不难。‎ 答案：　A ‎6．(2011·济宁市第一次联考)—Did you punish him for losing your digital camera?‎ ‎—Yes，but I don’t think I________.‎ A．should do that B．need to have done so C．ought have done that D．should have done so 解析：　考查情态动词的用法。句意为：——他把你的数码相机弄丢了，你处罚他了吗？——是的。但我现在认为当时我不应该这样做。shouldn’t have done sth.意为“(过去)不应该做某事，但实际上已做了”。此处否定发生了转移。‎ 答案：　D ‎7．(2011·合肥第二次教学检测)It ________be really cold in Novermber in Hefei though we usually have warm and sunny days.‎ A．should B．will C．must D．can 解析：　考查情态动词。can可表示常有的行为和情况，意为“有时会，时而可能”。句意为：尽管合肥十一月的时候常常很暖和，但有时候可能会很冷。根据语意选D项。‎ 答案：　D ‎8．(2011·陕西西安分科质检)The welldressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop.Strangely enough，she ________have done such a thing.‎ A．would B．must C．should D．might 解析：　根据题干中的Strangely enough 可知，这里应该用should，表示惊讶，可译为“竟然”。‎ 答案：　C ‎9．(2011·浙江嘉兴摸底)—Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class.‎ ‎—Really？She ________have studied very hard.‎ A．may B．ought to C．must D．should 解析：　may have done可能已经……；ought to have done 本应该……；must have done一定曾……，一定已经……；should have done 本应该……。句意为：——玛丽的考试成绩是全班最高的。——真的吗？她一定很努力了。‎ 答案：　C ‎10．(2010·安徽皖南八校第二次联考)—When shall we meet your cousin at the station?‎ ‎—His plane took off 2 hours ago，and it________reach at 5 pm.‎ A．should B．could C．must D．can 解析：　should 的意思是“应该会，可能”，在这里表示对将来的推测，预期会……。‎ 答案：　A ‎11．(2011·黑龙江哈尔滨质检)Don’t play with the dog，Jack，for it________be dangerous at times.‎ A．shall B．should C．can D．must 解析：　句意为：杰克，不要逗狗玩，因为狗有时可能是危险的。can 在此表示理论上的可能性，其他三项则无此意，故选C项。‎ 答案：　C ‎12．(2011·福建龙岩质检一)“Attention，please.Whoever can answer one of my questions ________receive a prize，” the teacher said in class.‎ A．might B．shall C．should D．would 解析：　shall用于第二和第三人称时，可以表示警告、命令、允诺、威胁等语气；might 表示可能性很小；should 表示“应该(义务性)”；would 表示意志(意愿)。这里选B项表示允诺。‎ 答案：　B ‎13．(2011·浙江温州十校联合体模拟)—Where is Lucy?‎ ‎—I can’t say where she is，but she________have gone to meet her classmates，for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.‎ A．can B．should C．must D．may 解析：　这里表示对过去状况的推断，用“情态动词＋have done”。从前面的“我不确定她在哪里”可知，用may have done，表示“过去可能已经做了……”(不确定)。must have done表示“过去一定做了……”(非常确定)；can have done 用在否定句和疑问句中，should have done 表示“过去本该做……(实际却没做)”。‎ 答案：　D ‎14．(2010·吉林长春毕业班第一次调研)—Has Tim started？He said he would join in the party.‎ ‎—He________.He is a man of his word.‎ A．could have left B．must have left C．can’t come D．won’t be coming 解析：　根据He is a man of his word.可知他是一个守信的人，因此推测他肯定已经启程了。 句意为：——Tim ‎ 启程了吗？他说他要参加聚会。——他一定已经启程了，他是一个守信的人。must have done“一定干了某事”，故B项正确。‎ 答案：　B ‎15．(2011·安徽合肥质检)—Mum，would you please buy me an MP5 player?‎ ‎—If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation，you ________have one as a reward.‎ A．must B．need C．would D．shall 解析：　shall用于第一、三人称问句中表示征询对方意见；shall用于第二、三人称的肯定句中，表示“警告、许诺、命令、威胁”等语气。答句句意：如果你整个假期能够帮助洗盘子的话，就会得到一个MP5作为回报。shall表示允诺。‎ 答案：　D ‎15．(2011·安徽芜湖调研)If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel，more birds and animals________dying out.‎ A．ought to avoid B．could have been avoided C．should have avoided D．might have avoided 解析：　句意为：如果人类少点贪婪少点残忍，更多的鸟类和动物就有可能免于灭绝。这里考查的是对过去情况的假设，从句用had done，主句用would/could/might have done。avoid “避免”，其后接doing 时没有被动语态。‎ 答案：　D ‎16．(2011·哈尔滨检测)________anyone call，please tell him I’m not free.‎ A．Must B．Can C．May D．Should 解析：　本题考查情态动词用法。句意为：如果有人给我打电话，就告诉他我很忙。第一个分句是省略了if 虚拟条件句，补充完整为：If anyone should call，please tell him I’m not free.当if 省略时，句子要倒装，故D项正确。‎ 答案：　D ‎17．(2011·北京海淀期末)If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed，we ________there by now.‎ A．would be B．are C．have been D．had been 解析：　句意为：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么长时间的话，我们现在就到那里了。从句用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，但主句与现在情况相反，故选A项。‎ 答案：　A ‎18．(2011·福建龙岩检测)—I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.‎ ‎—I________，either，if my mother hadn’t reminded me.‎ A．wouldn’t B．wouldn’t have C．didn’t D．hadn’t 解析：　考查虚拟语气。从句子中if my mother hadn’t reminded me 知，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，主句应该用should/would/could/might＋have done结构，从选项中看只有B项合适(I wouldn’t have 是I wouldn’t have attended the lecture的省略)。‎ 答案：　B ‎19．(2010·南通二模)—How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood?‎ ‎—Next to nothing.I wish I________harder at English.‎ A．worked B．had worked C．would work D．were working 解析：　考查虚拟语气。wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反，意思是：我希望我(过去)更努力地学习英语了。‎ 答案：　B ‎20. (2010·合肥二模)—Did you make it at last?‎ ‎—Yes.But for your help，it________a serious loss.‎ A．would cause B．must have caused C．would have caused D．may cause 解析：　考查虚拟语气。句意为：——你们最后成功了吗？——成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。but for...要不是……。‎ 答案：　C ‎