高中英语：Unit 2 Healthy eating 词汇讲解学案

高中英语：Unit 2 Healthy eating 词汇讲解学案

Healthy eating 词汇讲解学案 ‎1、 diet n.‎ 根据语境猜词义 ‎(1) She is on a diet in order to lose weight. ‎ ‎(2) It's important to have a balanced, healthy diet. ‎ 根据语义找匹配 A. 日常饮食 　B. (病人或减肥者的)特种食品 ‎ ‎(1) B　(2)A ‎ be / go on a diet 节食 put sb. on diet 让某人节食 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 diet/food ‎ diet 特指维系健康的定量或定质的食品，常用于病人、减肥者等的食物。是可数名词。‎ ‎ They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health. ‎ food 是一般用法。指能维系生命的、能充饥的、能吃能喝的东西。作为食物，是不可数名词；作为食物种类，是可数名词。‎ ‎ We must have food to eat and clothes to wear. ‎ ‎ The children jumped with joy at sight of all kinds of foods on the table. ‎ 用food/diet填空 ‎ The sick man must not go without (1) food， but he must have a (2) diet without sugar. ‎ ‎2、 energy n.‎ 根据语境猜词义 ‎(1)It's important and necessary to try to save energy. ‎ ‎(2)Young people usually have more energy than the old. ‎ 根据语义找匹配：A. 能源 　B. 精力、活力 ‎ ‎(1) A　(2) B ‎ energetic adj. 精力旺盛的； 精神饱满的 energetically adv. 精力旺盛地； 精神饱满地 energysaving adj. 节约能源的 nuclear energy n. 核能 solar energy n. 太阳能 be full of energy 精力充沛 devote one's energy to 致力于 energy/force/power/strength ‎ energy 物理学意义上的“能、能量”；生理学上的“精力、活力”。‎ ‎ Though he is very thin and small, he is full of energy.‎ force 指外在的“力量、武力”；也指自然界的力量，复数常指“兵力、军队”。‎ I was prevented from coming by force of situation. ‎ the air forces 空军 power 指“能力、权力”或内在的“力”；也指人或机器等潜在的或能发出的力量。‎ I shall do everything in my power to rescue. ‎ Knowledge is power.‎ ‎ strength 指人的“体力、力气”和“长处”；指物的“强度”。‎ ‎ He pulled the injured person from the ruins with all his strength. ‎ 单项填空 ‎ (　　)(1) — You are always full of______. Can you tell me the secret?‎ ‎—Taking plenty of exercise every day. ‎ A. power B. strength C. force D. energy D　本题考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你总是精力充沛，能告诉我其中的奥秘吗？——每天进行大量的锻炼。 ‎ ‎(　　)(2) Our country is performing reforms in many fields, one of ______ is electric ______. ‎ A. that; force B. those; strength ‎ C. them; energy D. which; power D　句意：我们国家在许多领域在进行着改革，其中的一项就是电能改革。 ‎ ‎(　　)(3) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas, and other forms of ______. ‎ A. source B. energy C. power D. material ‎ B　本题考查名词辨析。句意：一些国家在提高对天然气和其他形式的能源的利用。通过上文中的their use of natural gas，我们便可知道它所指的是：大自然的能量，所以答案是B。‎ energy，force，power和 strength 是高考名词辨析的常见考题。在处理这类题目时，我们一定要特别注意它们各自的侧重点：‎ energy侧重于人的精神和大自然的能量；‎ force侧重于强迫性；‎ power强调动力或潜在的力量或人的权力；‎ strength强调气力。‎ ‎3、lie n．&v.‎ 根据语境猜词义 ‎(1) Believe him. He never tells a lie. ‎ ‎(2) He lied that he had been to the moon. ‎ ‎(3) West of the hill lie two chemical plants. ‎ ‎(4) He lied on his back on the playground. ‎ 根据语义找匹配 A. 位于 　B. 撒谎　C. 谎话　D. 躺卧 ‎(1) C　(2) B　(3)A　(4)D lie n. 谎话；vt. 撒谎； vi. 位于、躺 lay v. 产卵，下蛋；摆放 tell a lie＝tell lies 撒谎；讲谎话 a big lie 弥天大谎 a black lie 用心险恶的谎言 a white lie 善意的谎言 单项填空 ‎ (　　)(1) The manager had fallen asleep where he ______， without undressing. ‎ A. was laying B. was lying ‎ C. had laid D. had lied B　本题考查的是lie有关时态词形的变化和语义辨析。在处理这一问题时，首先我们要搞清楚它在语境中的语义，本句的语义是：经理穿着衣服就在他躺着的地方睡着了。通过had fallen asleep可知它是“躺卧”的意思，排除A和C。从时态意义出发，睡着时，躺卧的动作正在发生，所以答案是B。‎ ‎(　　)(2) At the foot of the hill ______ a big lake surrounded by trees. ‎ A. lays B. is laying C. lies D. lying C　本题考查的是lie有关词形的变化和语义辨析。在处理这一问题时，我们首先要搞清楚它的句式结构。这是地点状语放在句首的一个完全倒装句，其主语是 a big lake。它的语义是：山脚下有个被树环绕着的大湖。‎ 巧记一：‎ ‎ 撒谎(lie)的规则，不规则的是躺 (lie)，躺下来 (lay) 就下蛋 (lay), 下蛋 (laid) 不规则。‎ 原形 词性 语义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie vt. ‎ 撒谎 lied lied lying vi.‎ 躺卧 lay lain lay vt.‎ 产卵、下蛋；摆放 laid laid laying 巧记二：‎ ‎ He lied that he lay in bed and laid a hen in a box and saw her laying an egg. 他撒谎道他躺在床上把母鸡放在盒子里看着她下蛋。‎ ‎4、 win (won, won) v. ‎ 根据语境感悟其用法 ‎(1)After struggling, he won in the end. ‎ ‎(2) They worked hard together and won the game. ‎ ‎(3)After ten years of hard work, he won the first prize for the music competition. ‎ win作为不及物动词是(1)______ 的意思；作及物动词是(2)______或(3)______。 ‎ ‎(1) 赢　(2) 赢(了比赛)　(3) 获(得了)奖 ‎ win back 赢回 win hands on 轻易获胜 win out 获胜；成功 win over 说服；把……争取过来 win the day 获胜；成功 win/beat/defeat ‎ win 是不及物动词，也是及物动词。在作为及物动词时，它的宾语不能是人。‎ ‎ Slow and steady wins the race. ‎ beat 是及物动词，它的宾语是人，不能是事物。一般指小型的活动。‎ ‎ We beat Class 1 in the school sports meeting. ‎ ‎ defeat 也是及物动词，它的宾语是人，也可以是辩论活动。比较正式，一般指大型活动。‎ ‎ We will defeat them in the Olympic Games. ‎ 完成句子 ‎ (1) Our teachers have won the love and respect (赢得了爱戴和尊重)of the students. ‎ 单项填空 ‎ (　　)(2) The Huston Rockets ______ the Los Angeles Lakers 108：89 in the NBA on Sunday. ‎ A. hit B. won C. beat D. defeat C　句意：在周日的NBA比赛中，休斯敦火箭队以108：89战胜了洛杉矶湖人队。hit“打、撞击”明显不合题意；win后不能跟人，这里的洛杉矶湖人队指的是人；而beat和defeat可以，但从时态考虑，这件事发生在过去，要用一般过去时，beat 的过去式和原形是一致的，defeat的过去式是defeated，所以答案是C。‎ ‎5、 glare v.‎ 根据语境猜词义 ‎(1) They stood there with anger, glaring_at each other without saying anything. ‎ ‎(2) The storm came pouring down, thunder rolling and lightning glaring. ‎ 根据语义找匹配：‎ A. 发出刺眼的光　B. 瞪眼、怒目而视 ‎ ‎(1) B　(2) A ‎ look at/glance at/stare at/glare at ‎ look at 没有附加意义的看，强调动作。‎ Look at the book and tell me what you see. ‎ glance at 用眼睛的余光看，“瞥见”。‎ ‎ The captain is kicking the ball, glancing at his partners. ‎ ‎ stare at 因惊讶、好奇而睁大眼睛看。含有无礼或粗鲁的意味。‎ ‎ It's impolite to stare at foreigners. ‎ ‎ glare at 因愤怒而看，“怒视”。‎ ‎ Everyone glared at the two who kept talking when the others were studying in the reading room. ‎ 用glance/stare/glare填空 ‎(1) I often glance through the title to pick up the most interesting ones to read. ‎ ‎(2) The teacher glared at the boys when they laughed loudly in class. ‎ ‎(3) Don't stare at me. I'm shy. ‎ ‎6、limit v.‎ 根据语境猜词义 ‎(1) We should take efficient activities to limit high school students to surfing the Internet. ‎ ‎(2) He has reached the limit of her patience. ‎ 根据语义找匹配：A. 极限　B. 限定，限制 ‎ ‎(1) B　(2) A ‎ limitation [U]“限制、限定”。强调能力的局限性或缺陷。‎ ‎ limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限的 ‎ Co, Ltd. 股份有限公司 用limit的正确形式填空 ‎(1)My life is __________， but learning is __________. ‎ ‎(2)The __________ of speed is for the safety of each driver. ‎ ‎(1) limited; limitless吾生有涯，学无涯。‎ ‎(2) limitation 对时速的限制是为了每个司机的安全。‎ ‎7、 benefit n．&v.‎ 根据语境猜词义 ‎(1) Smoking has little benefit on our health. ‎ ‎(2) I have had the benefit of good education. ‎ ‎(3) The expressway will benefit us all and we will certainly benefit_from it. ‎ 根据语义找匹配 A. 利益　B. 有益于……；得益于……　C. 好处 ‎ ‎(1) C　(2) A　(3) B ‎ have benefit on… 对……有益 have the benefit of… 得益于……‎ sth. benefits sb. ……有益于某人 be of benefit to… 对……有益 for the benefit of… 为了……的利益 sb. benefits from sth. 某人得益于……‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)为了人民的利益，我们要不惜一切代价保护大坝。‎ ‎ We should make every effort to protect the dam for the benefit of the people. ‎ ‎(2)教育事业是有利于人民的事业，我们要把它办好。‎ ‎ The cause of education is of benefit to the people. We should operate it well. ‎ ‎(3)公益活动恩泽于千家万户，我们非常支持。‎ ‎ Everyone has the benefit of public welfare. All of us will support it. ‎ ‎8、throw down ‎ After reading the letter, she threw it down and left angrily. ‎ ‎ 根据语境语义，throw down意思是：__________。‎ 扔下，扔掉 throw about 随便丢弃，到处乱扔 ‎ throw out 把……扔出去， 随口说，脱口而出，拒不接受，否决(意见、想法等)‎ ‎ throw oneself into 投身于……，热衷于……，积极从事……‎ ‎ throw off 匆匆地脱下衣服(pull off)，摆脱，甩掉 throw on 匆匆地穿上 ‎ throw up 呕吐，突然建造或匆忙建造，辞职 ‎ throw away 扔掉，丢弃，抛弃；失去，错过，浪费，白费 ‎ throw…to… 把……扔向……‎ ‎ throw…at… 用……砸向……‎ 用恰当的介词或副词填空 ‎(1) I threw the ball to Mike but he threw it at Jack, so they quarreled with each other about it. ‎ ‎(2) The housing has been thrown up in this area for the earthquakestricken people. ‎ ‎(3) He threw on his coat and rushed out into the dark. ‎ ‎(4)Throw off your worries and throw yourself into the work. ‎ ‎(5)He is a respected person. He always throw himself　into the cause of education. ‎ ‎(6)Don't throw anything out of the bus, which is dangerous. ‎ ‎(7)Don't throw litters about. Keep the sight clean. ‎ ‎9、 get away with 根据语境猜词义 ‎(1)Don't be tempted to cheat in the exam — you will never get_away_from it. ‎ ‎(2)He can't get_away_from the office before 7 o'clock. ‎ ‎(3)Thieves got_away_with computer equipment worth $ 20,000. ‎ 根据语义找匹配 ‎ A. 离开，脱身　‎ ‎ B. (因做坏事而)逃避或不受责备惩罚　‎ ‎ C. 携某物潜逃，偷走 ‎ ‎(1) B　(2) A　(3)C ‎ get across 被理解，把某事讲清楚 get along with (事情的)进展，(人的)相处 get back 回来，要回，收回 get down (to) 下来，开始，着手 get in 进来，购进，设法做 get over 克服，恢复 get off 下(车、船、飞机等)，出发，下班 get on (事情的)进展，(人的)相处，事业有成 ‎ get out 离开，外出，从……获得有益的东西 ‎ get up 起床，起身 ‎ get through 用完，耗尽，完成，顺利通过(考试)，(用电话)接通 单项填空 ‎ (　　)(1) — Did you make sense of what I said at the meeting?‎ ‎ — No. Your meaning didn't ______. Would you like to explain it a second time?‎ A. get in B. get across ‎ C. get over D. get through B　句意：——你明白我在会上讲的东西了吗？—— 我没明白会上你说的意思，你能再解释一次吗？ get in 进去、收获；get across 使……被理解，把……讲清楚；get over 克服、恢复；get through通过、完成、打通，所以答案是B。‎ B　句意为：Jenny正在找一个座位，正在那时，很幸运地，一个人站起来离开了。故选B。‎ ‎(　　)(2) (2010· 四川)Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man ______ and left. ‎ A. took up B. got up C. shut up D. set up ‎10、cut down 根据语境猜词义 ‎(1) When I climbed up the mountain, an old man was cutting_down a tall tree. When I climbed down the mountain, he had cut it up. ‎ ‎(2) They have decided to cut_down the household expenses to devote money for the disaster area. ‎ 根据语义找匹配：A. 减少　B. 砍倒 ‎ ‎(1) B　(2) A ‎ cut across 抄近路穿过 cut in 插嘴，打断 cut off 停止供应，切断，隔开 cut out 删去、戒除 cut through 凿穿 cut up 切碎 单项填空 ‎ (　　)(1) When Jason failed to pay his bill, the network company ______ his Internet connection. ‎ A. cut off B. cut out ‎ C. cut up D. cut down ‎ (1) A　句意：当杰森没付账时，网络公司终止了他的网络连接。通过语境语义，我们体会出的是“终止、切断”的意思，所以答案是A。‎ 完成句子 ‎(2)老大爷把树砍倒然后把它劈开。‎ ‎ The old man cut down the tree and cut it up. ‎ ‎(3)别人在说话时插嘴是不礼貌的。‎ ‎ It's bad manners to cut in while others are talking. ‎ ‎11、before long before long/long before ‎ ‎ before long 副词短语，表示“不久”的意思，相当于 soon。‎ ‎ Before long, the army will be sent to rescue us by the government. ‎ long before 既是副词短语，表示“很久以前”；也是连接词，引导时间状语从句，表示“在……以前很久”。‎ ‎ I had been there long before when it was bare and deserted mountain. ‎ ‎ It won't be long before he realize his mistakes. ‎ 单项填空 ‎ (　　)(1) — Has Bob returned from the USA?‎ ‎ — Yes, he arrived two months ago, but it wasn't ______ he went to Beijing. ‎ A. before long B. long before ‎ C. long after D. long ago B　句意：——鲍勃从美国回来了吗？——两个月前就回来了。没过多久又去北京了。它所体现的是“没过多久就……”的意思，所以答案是B。‎ ‎(　　)(2) Please wait with patience. He will return ______. ‎ A. long before B. before long ‎ C. long ago D. not long ‎ B　句意：请耐心等待。不久他就会回来的。long before表示“很久以前”； long ago表示“很久以前”，更多地用在寓言、神话故事开头，以提起故事； not long是汉语式的表达。‎ ‎12、 put on ‎ 根据语境猜词义 ‎(1) It's cold outside. Don't forget to put_on your coat in case of a cold when you go out. ‎ ‎(2) The opera club in our school will put_on The Story of Red Lamp. ‎ ‎(3) Would you mind if I put some music on?‎ 根据语义找匹配 A. 穿上(衣服等)；戴上(手套、帽子等) ‎ B. 播放(磁带、光盘、MP3等) ‎ C. (戏剧等的)上演；展出 ‎(1) A　(2) C　(3) B ‎ put up ‎ ‎ 挂起、张贴；举起、抬起；建造、搭起、投宿 put up with 忍受 put down 放下；记下；平息 put aside 忽视；不理睬；攒钱；放到一边 put away 放好；把……收起来 put back 放回；延期 put off 推迟 put out 伸出；拿出；灭火 put on weight 发胖、发福 put an end to 结束……‎ 单项填空 ‎ (　　)(1)You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please ______ the books when you've finished with them. ‎ A. put B. put down ‎ C. put back D. put off C　句意：你可以拿书柜里的所有的书看，但看完后请放回原处。put on穿上，上演；put down放下，记下； put back放回原处； put off推迟，所以答案是C。 ‎ ‎(　　)(2) The forest guards often find campfires that have not been ______ completely. ‎ A. turned down B. put out ‎ C. put away D. turned over B　句意：森林护卫经常发现一些没有完全熄灭的营火。turn down 调小(声音)，拒绝；put out伸出，拿出，灭火；put away放好，把……收起来；turn over转过身，翻到(第几页)，所以答案是B。‎ ‎(　　)(3) (2010· 全国Ⅱ)My mother opened drawer to ______the knives and spoons. ‎ A. put away B. put up ‎ C. put on D. put together A　考查动词词组辨析。put away 放好，收拾起来；put up举起，搭建，张贴，挂起； put on 穿上，戴上；put together 组装，装配，把……凑合起来。‎ ‎13、Nothing could be better…(P10)‎ ‎ 再没有比这些更好吃的了……‎ 当比较级与not, never, nothing等否定词连用时，表示“再也没什么比这更……的了”。‎ ‎ What an interesting novel! I have never read a more moving story.‎ ‎＝It's the most moving novel that I have ever read. ‎ ‎ 多么有意思的小说！我从来没看过比这更动人的故事了。(言外之意，这是最动人的)‎ ‎— Are you satisfied with his speech?‎ ‎— It can't have left us a deeper impression. ‎ ‎—— 你对他的报告满意吗？‎ ‎—— 它留给我们的印象再深刻不过了。(言外之意是相当满意)‎ ‎ I am very excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine together. I can't agree more. ‎ ‎ 听说我们将合办一份杂志，我非常激动。我非常赞成。‎ ‎“否定式与比较级” 这一现象频频出现在现代的高考中。对它的考查主要以对话形式出现，带有明显的交际特色。在很多情况下，命题人通常把它与冠词的问题与分词形式放在一起进行综合考查。‎ 单项填空 ‎ (　　)(1) — What do you think of the boy's painting?‎ ‎ — I've never seen a person with ______ sense of art. ‎ A. the better B. a better C. a good D. the best B　本题考查的是“否定词与比较级”连用的句式。表示“从来都没见过比他更有艺术感的人”，不定冠词修饰sense, 所以答案是B。一般地，我们可以把 “否定词……＋ a ＋比较级＋名词”表示最高级意义作为固定句式来记，以帮助我们做题。‎ ‎(　　)(2) — Are you satisfied with what he has done?‎ ‎ — Not a little. It couldn't be ______. ‎ A. any worse B. any better ‎ C. so well D. so bad B　本题考查的是“否定词(couldn't)＋ 比较级”的基本句式。从题干中的not a little体会出的语义是“非常(满意)”，这一结构所表示的是对所述看法的赞同，其语义是：—— 你对他的所作所为感到满意吗？ —— 非常满意。 再没有比这更好的了。所以答案是B。‎ ‎(　　)(3) — Who's your favorite basketballer in China?‎ ‎— Yao Ming, of course. No one plays ______. ‎ A. better B. best C. good D. well A　句意：—— 谁是中国你最喜欢的篮球手？ —— 当然是姚明喽。没有人比他打的还好了。所以它考查的是“否定词no one ＋比较级”的基本句式，答案是A。 ‎ ‎14、I wish I could see things clearly in the dark.(P13)‎ ‎ 我多么希望能够看清黑暗中的东西。‎ wish 作为动词，它有四个重要句式：‎ ‎(1)wish sb. ＋名词 表示祝愿，意为“祝某人……”。‎ ‎ Wish you success/good luck/a good trip. ‎ ‎ 祝你马到成功。/祝你吉星高照。(祝你鸿运大发。)/祝你一路顺风。 (祝你一帆风顺。)‎ 此处不能用“hope sb. ＋ 名词”这一句式。 ‎ ‎(2) wish to do sth. 希望做某事 ‎ I wish to pass the entrance exam, so I'll keep on trying. 我希望能考上大学，因此我会不懈地努力。‎ ‎(3) wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 ‎ You are sure to succeed in science. I wish you to be a scientist in the future. 在理科方面你定能成功。我希望你将来当个科学家。‎ 不能使用hope sb. to do sth.句式。‎ I hope you to lend your hand to her. (×)‎ I wish you to lend your hand to her. (√)‎ I hope you will lend your hand to her. (√)‎ ‎(4) wish that sb. had done sth. (过去)‎ ‎ sb. did /were (现在)‎ ‎ sb. would do sth. (将来)‎ ‎ What a pity! The boy died. I wish that I had been a doctor.真可惜！小男孩死了。我要是医生该多好啊！‎ ‎ We will go hiking tomorrow. I wish it wouldn't rain. ‎ ‎ 明天我们要远足。但愿天别下雨。‎ wish后接宾语从句时，它所表达的是虚拟语气，即不太能实现的愿望。在语言运用中，我们要注意：‎ 从句中的虚拟语气的形式是有时间限制的。但它的时间不受wish的影响。而取决于从句动作所发生的时间。‎ 巧记：‎ 图式记忆法 wish之前　　同步　　wish之后 had done　did/were　would/could do wish ‎2) 因为这一结构是虚拟语气，表达了不太能实现的愿望，所以在表示祝愿时，我们一定注意不能使用这一句式，否则给人带来的是虚情假意，不情愿的愿望，尽管语法你没用错。‎ I wish you would come here for a play if you are free.(×)‎ I wish you to come here for a play if you are free. (√)‎ I hope you will come here for a play if you are free. (√)‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1) 我要是教授该多好啊！‎ How I wish I were a professor!‎ 单项填空 ‎ (　　)(2) How I wish every family______ a large house with a pretty garden!‎ A. has B. had C. will have D. had had ‎ B　在处理本题的过程中，我们极易误认为它考查的是时态问题。从语句的语境分析，它是wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气问题。其语义是：我多么希望每个家庭都有一座有着玲珑别致花园的大房子。体现的是对现在的虚拟，用did形式，所以答案是B。 ‎ ‎15、According to my research，neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet. (P15)‎ ‎ 根据我的研究，你我两家所提供的都不是均衡膳食。‎ neither…nor…并列连词，表示“既不……也不……”的意思。在使用中，注意以下问题：‎ ‎(1)连接相同的句子成分。‎ ‎ I think he is neither in the classroom nor on the playground by now. ‎ ‎ 我认为他此时此刻既不在教室里也不在操场上。‎ ‎(2)连接两个主语时，主谓一致原则是近邻原则，即和最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。‎ ‎ Does neither he nor you often help him clean the room? ‎ ‎ 你和他经常帮他打扫房间吗？‎ both…and… 既……又……；又……又……。连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎ either…or… 要么……要么……；或……或……。连接主语时，谓语动词形式遵循就近原则。‎ 根据汉语句子完成英语句子 ‎(1)我既不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢跳舞？ ‎ ‎ I like neither singing nor dancing. ‎ ‎(2)中国和印度都不是发达国家？ ‎ ‎　Neither China nor India is a developed country. ‎ ‎(3)那位年轻女子既不是舞蹈家也不是歌唱家。 ‎ ‎ The young woman is neither a dancer nor a singer. ‎ ‎(4)两个答案都不对。 ‎ ‎　Neither of the answers is right. ‎ ‎(5)汤姆和他的朋友在汉语学习上都不需要什么帮助。‎ ‎ Neither Tom nor his friends need any help in Chinese. ‎ ‎(　　)(2009·北京)You may use the room as you like ______ you clean it up afterwards.‎ A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if Even_though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui's food, they were not eating enough energygiving food to keep them fit. (P10)‎ B　so far as 到……的程度； so long as 只要； in case 假如； even if 尽管。‎