2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修8+unit+4

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修8+unit+4

‎ [话题素材——文学剧]‎ 好词 ‎1．scene n. 一幕/一场 ‎2．ending n. 结局 ‎3．classical adj. 古典的 ‎4．biography n. 传记 ‎5．literary adj. 文学的；从事文学的 ‎6．cultural differences 文化差异 ‎7．express oneself in English fluently 用英语流利地表达思想 ‎8．step by step 逐步地 ‎9．improve writing skills 提高写作能力 ‎10．win the Nobel Prize in Literature 获得诺贝尔文学奖 ‎11．as follows 如下 ‎12．be considered as 被认为 ‎13．popular literature 大众文学 ‎14．contemporary literature 现代文学 ‎15．in artistic terms 从艺术的角度来说 佳句 ‎1．The film is usually more interesting and it_is_easier_to_follow.‎ 电影通常更有趣而且更容易理解。‎ ‎2．He thinks to read the original work is better_than to see the film based_on it.‎ 他认为读原著比看由原著改编的电影更好。‎ ‎3．The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to_display_their_works.‎ 这次展览为当地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。,[精美语篇]‎ Dear Mr Hans，‎ I have learned that you will hold a discussion this Saturday afternoon. I am writing this letter to express my deepest regret.‎ The reason for my absence is that I have to meet an English teacher from Australia this Saturday afternoon. The plane is due to arrive then and it is impossible to rearrange my time. It is really a pity that I will miss such a valuable opportunity to share my thoughts with you about Frog by Mo Yan. In addition, I wonder if you could send me a summary of the discussion next Monday and I promise to return it as soon as possible.‎ I'm truly sorry for my absence and hope that you will accept my apologies.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．outcome (n.) 结果；效果 ‎2．remark (n.) 谈论；言论；评述(vt.&vi.) 谈论；评论；说起→remarkable (adj.) 显著的；引起注意的 ‎3．betray (vt.) 显露出(本来面目)；背叛→betrayal (n.) 背叛 ‎4．shabby (adj.) 破旧的；寒酸的 ‎5．acquaintance (n.) 相识；了解；熟人 ‎6．status (n.) 身份；地位；职位 ‎7．rob (vt.) 抢劫；盗窃；剥夺→robbery (n.) 抢劫(行为)‎ ‎8．compromise (n.&vi.) 妥协；折衷 ‎9．overlook (vt.) 俯视；忽视；不理会 ‎10．fade (vi.&vt.) (使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失 ‎11．hesitate (vi.) 犹豫；踌躇→hesitation (n.) 犹豫；踌躇 ‎12．fortune (n.) 机会；运气；大笔的钱→fortunate (adj.) 幸运的→fortunately (adv.) 幸运地；幸好 ‎13．disgusting (adj.) 使人反感的；令人厌恶的→disgusted (adj.)感到厌恶的→disgust (vt.) 厌恶；嫌恶 ‎14．classify (vt.) 分类；编排→classification (n.) 分类；编排 ‎15．effective (adj.) 有效的→effect (n.) 效果；作用 ‎16．horrible (adj.) 可怕的；恐怖的→horror (n.) 恐怖 ‎17．uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的；不安的→uncomfortably (adv.) 不舒服地；不安地→comfort (n.) 舒适 (vt.) 安慰→comfortable (adj.) 舒服的 ‎18．extraordinary (adj.) 不同寻常的；非凡的→ordinary (adj.) 普通的；一般的 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．in_disguise　　　　　　　伪装(的)；假扮(的)‎ ‎2．pass...off_as... (把某人)改变或冒充成……‎ ‎3．make_one's_acquaintance 结识；与……相见 ‎4．generally_speaking 一般来说 ‎5．in_terms_of 就……来说；从……角度 ‎6．rob_sb._of_sth. 抢劫某人某物 ‎7．show...in 带或领……进来 ‎8．once_more 再一次 ‎9．in_need_of 需要……‎ ‎10．fade_out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡 ‎11．in_amazement 震惊地，惊讶的 ‎12．be_superior_to... 优于……‎ ‎13．a_handful_of 一把，几个 ‎14．shelter_from_rain 避雨 ‎15．the_other_day 几天前；那一天 ‎16．fancy_oneself 自以为是 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．“while/when＋现在分词”作时间状语 While_watching(一边看), he makes notes.(教材P29)‎ ‎2．“be of＋抽象名词”表示“具有(某种特征或属性)的”‎ Will that be_of_any_use (有用处)to you？(教材P29)‎ ‎3．what if句式，“如果……又怎么样呢”‎ What_if_I_was_(如果我是又怎么样呢)？(教材P29)‎ ‎4．every time 引导时间状语从句“每当……的时候”‎ But they betray themselves every_time_they_open_their_mouths(每当张嘴的时候)．(教材P29)‎ ‎5．once＋过去分词的“省略结构”‎ But, sir, (proudly) once_taught(一旦被教) to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party. (教材P30)‎ ‎6．形容词或短语作状语 Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep_in_ conversation (深入的交谈)．(教材P34)‎ ‎7．if＋had done，主句用would have done表示对过去的虚拟 I'd_never_have_come_if_I'd_known_about(如果我知道……我是不会来的)this disgusting thing you want me to do...(教材P34)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．A man is hiding from the rain ________ (listen) to people's language and watching their reactions.‎ 答案：listening　A man与listen为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎2．While ________ (watch), he makes notes.‎ 答案：watching　该句为状语从句的省略。补充完整为：while he is watching...。‎ ‎3．I thought maybe you was a policeman ________ disguise.‎ 答案：in　in disguise“伪装(的)；假扮(的)”。‎ ‎4．Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, ________ requires better English.‎ 答案：which　which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代先行词a place。‎ ‎5．And I came to England to ________ your acquaintance!‎ 答案：make　make one's acquaintance “与……见面”。‎ ‎6．I'll show you ________ I make records on wax disks.‎ 答案：how　句意：我将会告诉你我是如何在唱片上录音的。由句意可知应填how。‎ ‎7．I'll say you're the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off ________ a lady.‎ 答案：as　pass...off as...“把(某人)改变或冒充成……”。‎ ‎8．It'll be how to teach her grammar, not just pronunciation. She is in need ________ both.‎ 答案：of　in need of“需要……”。‎ ‎9．How about ________ (begin) with the alphabet.‎ 答案：beginning　句意：从字母开始怎么样？How/What about sth./doing sth.“(做)……怎么样？”。‎ ‎10．That's usually ________ (consider) very effective.‎ 答案：considered　句意：这通常被认为是非常有效的。根据句意知应填过去分词构成被动语态。‎ ‎1　　hesitate　vi.犹豫；踌躇 A gentleman (G) passes and hesitate for a moment. (P29)‎ 这时一位先生从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。‎ ‎ (1)hesitate to_do sth. 对做某事感到犹豫不决；迟疑做某事 hesitate about/over/at/in (doing) sth._(做)某事犹豫不决 ‎(2)hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫 without hesitation 毫不犹豫的 ‎①[2013·课标全国卷Ⅰ]I wouldn't hesitate_to_spend on a good haircut.‎ 我会毫不犹豫地花钱剪个不错的发型。‎ ‎②[2014·湖北高考]A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without_hesitation.‎ 一个人立即冲过去对女孩实施急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入进来。‎ ‎③She shouldn't hesitate_about the problem at hand.‎ 她不应该对手边的问题犹豫不决。‎ ‎2　　remark　n．& vi.评论；评述 You can place a man by just a few remarks.(P29)‎ 你只需根据几句谈话就能判定他们是哪里的人。‎ ‎(1)make a/no remark on/about 对……发表评论/不予评论 exchange a few remarks 交换意见 ‎(2)remark on/upon 对……发表评论；谈论 remark that... 评论……‎ ‎(3)remarkable adj. 显著的；引起注意的 be remarkable for 因……而引人注意；以……著称 ‎①[2014·湖北高考]The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by avoiding making_critical_remarks.‎ 作者成功地通过避开批评性的话语而让男孩与之交流。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]The judges remarked_on the high standard of entries for the competition.‎ 众评委说参赛作品水准很高。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Thanks to your constant encouragement, I have been making remarkable progress in my studies.‎ 多亏你经常的鼓励，我在学习上取得显著的进步。‎ ‎3　　betray　vt.泄露(秘密)；出卖；背叛；显露出(本来面目)‎ But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.(P29)‎ 但他们每次一张嘴就暴露了他们自己。‎ ‎①[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]If you've been betrayed,_you are the victim of your circumstance.‎ 如果你被背叛了，那么你就是你的情况的受害者。‎ ‎②[朗文词典]His face betrayed nothing.‎ 他不露声色。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Think of others first when it comes to benefits. Never betray others for your own gains.‎ 利益面前要想到别人，不为利益出卖别人。‎ ‎4　　fortune　n．财产；运气；机会；大笔的钱 Well, I never! A whole pound! A fortune! (P30)‎ 啊，我从来没有！一英镑！一笔财富！‎ ‎(1)seek one's fortune找出路；碰运气 make a fortune发财，赚大钱 try one's fortune碰运气 ‎(2)fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)‎ be fortunate to do sth.幸运做某事 ‎(3)fortunately adv.幸运地(＝luckily) ‎ ‎①[2014·浙江高考]Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.‎ 欧洲人把存钱罐看作是好运和财富的象征。‎ ‎②[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Unfortunately,_on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.‎ 不幸地是，随着工业化的发展，环境受到了污染。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]She was fortunate enough to find a job as soon as she graduated from the university.‎ 她大学一毕业就找到了工作，真是幸运。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2014·江西高考]________ (fortune) for him, a man offered to take him around the different spots for free.‎ 答案：Fortunately　句意：对他来说幸运的是，一个人主动免费带他到不同的地方。‎ ‎2．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best ________ (outcome) would be for your wellbeing.‎ 答案：outcome　outcome为名词“结果；效果”。‎ ‎3．[2015·陕西高考]This is a ________ (mistake) view.‎ 答案：mistaken　此处应用形容词mistaken“错误的；不正确的”来修饰名词view。‎ ‎4．[2013·山东高考]Getty made ________ large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.‎ 答案：a　句意：盖蒂一生中积累了很多财富，但是他把钱给了艺术界，因为他想让人们了解并喜欢艺术。make a fortune“发财；赚大钱”。‎ ‎5．[2015·重庆高考]Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his ________ (music) gift was fully recognized.‎ 答案：musical　musical gift“音乐天赋”。‎ ‎6．The September 11 attack has been ________ (condemn) by the entire international community.‎ 答案：condemned　句意：9·11恐怖袭击受到了整个国际社会的谴责。由句意可知应用过去分词。‎ ‎7．Parents should teach their children to behave ________ (proper) in public.‎ 答案：properly　此处应用副词来修饰动词behave。‎ ‎8．At the beginning, the 47yearold strong man beat his opponents up, but he ________ (compromise) with them at last.‎ 答案：compromised　句意：起初，这名47岁的壮汉击败了他的对手，但是最后他们打成平手。由句意可知应用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．If you hang your clothes out in the bright sun, they will ________ (fade)．‎ 答案：fade　will后应用动词原形，故应填fade，意为“褪色”。‎ ‎10．They made rude ________ (remark) about her appearance.‎ 答案：remarks　make remarks/a remark about...“对……发表评论”。‎ ‎1　　generally speaking 一般来说，大体上 Generally speaking, people are more polite to those who they think are of a higher social class (H) and less polite to those who they consider are members of a lower class (L)．(P30)‎ 一般而言，人们对他们认为是高层社会的人更有礼貌，对于他们认为是低层社会的成员不太礼貌。‎ ‎(1)honestly speaking 诚实地说 frankly speaking 坦率地说 strictly speaking 严格地说 broadly speaking 广义地说 personally speaking 就我个人而言 ‎(2)in general 总的来说；大体上 as a general rule 一般而言；在通常情况下 ‎①[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they're performed on a routine basis.‎ 一般而言，当各种形式的活动在常规基础上开展时会导致无聊。‎ ‎②[2014·重庆高考]It is generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.‎ 很多人都认为人的性格态度决定了人的行为方式。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Generally_speaking,_those who pay attention to physical exercise are in good health.‎ 一般来说，那些注意体育锻炼的人身体健康状况良好。‎ ‎④Strictly_speaking,_the book is not a novel, but a short story.‎ 严格地说，这部小说不算长篇，而是短篇。‎ ‎2　　show...in 带或领……进来 Show her in, Mrs Pearce. (P34)‎ 皮尔斯夫人，领她进来。‎ ‎(1)show sb. out 领某人出去 show sb. around/round 领某人参观某地 show off 炫耀；展示 show up (＝turn up)出现；来到某处 ‎(2)on show/display 在展出 ‎①When the interview was finished. I was shown_out.‎ 当面试结束后，我被引导着走出来。‎ ‎②[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]When they showed_up for their Sunday game, they were completely different.‎ 她们第二天出现在运动场上风格完全不同了。‎ ‎③[2013·四川高考]So weeks later, at my 13th birthday party, inspired by her bravery, I gave up my scarf and showed_off my scars.‎ 几周后，在13岁生日晚会上，受她的勇敢激励，我放弃了头巾，露出了头上的伤疤。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 in terms of； deal with； pass...off； in need； find shelter from； betray oneself； show up； generally speaking ‎ ‎1．[2015·湖北高考]It is an attempt to ________ a set of weighty topics.‎ 答案：deal with ‎2．[2014·福建高考]It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated ________ overall quality.‎ 答案：in terms of ‎3．[2013·广东高考]One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy ________ in my office.‎ 答案：showed up ‎4．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Stepping out not only helped a brother ________， it also gave my kids the sweet taste of helping others.‎ 答案：in need ‎5．There is rarely any attempt to ________ these copies ________ as originals.‎ 答案：pass; off ‎6．Quite a lot of people will ________ when tempted by money.‎ 答案：betray themselves ‎7．________， a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative (保守) person.‎ 答案：Generally speaking ‎8.[2015·北京高考]The first thing he did was to ________ the freezing wind and snow.‎ 答案：find shelter from ‎1　　Henry Higgins and Colonel pickering are sitting deep_in_conversation. (P34)‎ 亨利·希金斯与皮克林上校正坐着进行深入的交谈。‎ deep in conversation为形容词短语作状语。形容词(短语)作状语表示主语的状态。表示原因、伴随等。可放在句前或句后。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2014·北京高考]Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went.‎ 很明显，满意于我们不会带来进一步的威胁，熊离开了，同时还毁掉了一个篱笆。‎ ‎②[2014·广东高考]Like many new graduates, I left university full_of_hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do.‎ 像许多刚毕业的学生一样，我满怀对未来的憧憬离开了大学，但对自己想做什么却没有真实的想法。‎ ‎③Deep_in_thought,_he didn't notice the car running towards him.‎ 由于陷入沉思中，他没有注意到车正朝他驶来。‎ ‎2　　What_if I was? (P36)‎ 如果我是又怎样呢？‎ What if...？常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘使……将会怎样？”“如果……将会怎样？”。后面经常跟一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[牛津词典]What_if the train is late?‎ 火车要是晚点会怎么样呢？‎ ‎②[2015·湖南高考]But what_about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a sixstory brick building?‎ 比如说一座六层的大型的重型砖结构建筑Tremont Hotel怎么样呢？‎ ‎③Why_not play soccer with us?‎ 为什么不和我们一起踢足球呢？‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2015·北京高考]________ if we invited them to come here for a party instead?‎ 答案：What　句意：如果我们邀请他们来参加聚会将会怎样？what if“倘使/如果……将会怎样？”。‎ ‎2．What ________ a trip to France?‎ 答案：about　句意：到法国去旅游一趟如何？what about...？“……怎么样？”‎ ‎3．[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]How often do you have something you want to achieve, only to end up ________ (confuse) by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?‎ 答案：confused　句意：多久你觉得有很多想实现的东西，结果却被在你面前的太多的选择所迷惑而不能取得任何进展？考查形容词短语作状语。修饰you，应用confused。‎ ‎4．________(absorb) in the book, he didn't notice me enter the room.‎ 答案：Absorbed　句意：专注于读书，他没有注意到我进入房间。be absorbed in“专心于……”，省略be动词作状语。‎ ‎5．—He is fifteen years younger than you.‎ ‎—________ what?‎ 答案：So　so what“那又怎么样？”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．It sounds like a good offer, but ________________ it's a trick?‎ 那个提议听起来很诱人，但如果是个骗局会怎么样？‎ 答案：what if ‎2．The thief hid himself in the corner, ________________.‎ 小偷藏在角落里，担心被抓住。‎ 答案：afraid of being caught 复习过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义，此时相当于一个状语从句。‎ ‎1．时间状语 When he was told his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(用分词改写)‎ ‎→Told his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.‎ ‎2．原因状语 As they were encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.‎ ‎→Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.‎ ‎3．条件状语 If he is given another chance, he will do better.‎ ‎→Given another chance, he will do better.‎ ‎4．让步状语 Although he was laughed at by many people, he continued his study.‎ ‎→Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.‎ ‎5．方式或伴随状语 She walked out of the house and she was followed by her little daughter.‎ ‎→She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.‎ 分词作状语有时可在前面加上when, while, if, once, though, unless等，以明确作何种状语。‎ ‎　Unless he is invited, he won't go to the party.‎ ‎→Unless invited, he won't go to the party.‎ 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，分词可以有自己独立的主语，二者构成独立主格结构。‎ ‎　When our homework was finished, we went home.‎ ‎→Our homework finished, we went home.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·重庆高考]________ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.‎ 答案：Raised　raise与句子主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎2．[2014·福建高考]Though badly ________ (hurt) and shaken, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.‎ 答案：hurt　句意：尽管受了重伤，浑身发抖，这位老人眼里含着爱意抬头看着Tenyson并给他一个微笑。考查过去分词作状语。the old lady与hurt之间为被动关系，故填过去分词。‎ ‎3．[2014·天津高考]Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.‎ 答案：written　write与主语the book之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎4．[2013·浙江高考]There are some health problems that, when not ________ (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.‎ 答案：treated　在when引导的从句中，逻辑主语some health problems与treat为被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎5．The problem ________ (settle), the meeting came to the end.‎ 答案：settled　The problem与settle为被动关系，故应填过去分词，该句为独立主格结构。‎