专题12 文学与艺术（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题12 文学与艺术（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题12 文学与艺术 ‎【话题解读】‎ ‎“文学与艺术”是高中新课标24话题之一。该话题主要包括各种文学类型、艺术形式、文化名人以及艺术家等方面。“文学与艺术”这个话题与我们的实际生活密切相关，对于学生了解国内外的文学与艺术形式，还有它们的特点、历史、发展与创新等都有帮助。该话题能够引导学生接受和尊重不同国家和民族的文学及艺术，并亲身感受文学与艺术的魅力。‎ ‎【高考探究】‎ ‎“文学与艺术”话题是近几年的高考英语必考话题之一，而且常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五以及书面表达的形式来考查，例如2016年全国卷Ⅱ七选五、书面表达；2015年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇；2015年重庆卷阅读理解E篇；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇；2012年天津卷书面表达；2011年山东卷完形填空等。‎ ‎【参考词汇】‎ Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1.admire vt.欣赏→admiration n.钦佩，羡慕 ‎2.comment v.评论；批评；n.评论 ‎3.describe vt.描写；叙述→description n.描述，形容 ‎4.design n.& vt.设计；计划；构思→designer n.设计师 ‎5.focus n.焦点 ‎6.recommend vt.推荐 ‎7.represent vt.表示；象征；描绘；展现 ‎8.reflect vt.反映→reflection n.反射；反省；想法 ‎9.straight adj.笔直的；整齐的；正直的；adv.直接地；笔直地 ‎10.translate vt.翻译 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎11.artistic adj.艺术的→art n.艺术→artist n.艺术家 ‎12.background n.背景 ‎13.character n.性格；人物角色 ‎14.classic adj.经典的 ‎15.construction n.建造 ‎16.description n.描述，描写 ‎17.delicate adj.微妙的；脆弱的；易碎的 ‎18.display n.& vt.展示；陈列 ‎19.entrance n.入口 ‎20.exhibition n.展览；展览会 ‎21.extraordinary adj.非凡的 ‎22.fiction n.小说；虚构的事 ‎23.inspiration n.灵感；启发→inspire vt.鼓舞；启发→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 ‎24.literature n.文学 ‎25.original adj.原创的；n.原作→origin n.起源，开端；出身 ‎26.painting n.油画，水彩画 ‎27.performance n.表演→perform vt.& vi.表演；做→performer n.表演者 ‎28.precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的 ‎29.production n.作品→product n.产品；出品→produce vt.& vi.生产 ‎30.publish vt.出版，发行 ‎31.remark n.&vt.评论；谈论 ‎32.series n.系列 ‎33.technique n.技巧 ‎34.unique adj.独特的 ‎35.valuable adj.有价值的→value n.价值；vt.评价 Ⅱ.固定短语 ‎1.adapt...from...根据……改编……‎ ‎2.apply...to...把……应用于……‎ ‎3.be designed for...为……而设计 ‎4.be faced with面对，面临 ‎5.be based on以……为根据 ‎6.be set in以……为背景 ‎7.have an influence on对……有影响 ‎8.in the shape of...呈……形状 ‎9.on show在展出 ‎10.play the role of...扮演(某一角色)‎ ‎11.put on演出，上演 ‎12.range from...to...范围从……到……‎ ‎13.show up出现 ‎14.translate...into...把……翻译成……‎ ‎15.under construction在建设中 ‎【典例剖析】‎ The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism(相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.‎ History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries. Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.‎ In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because “the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature，” the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.‎ Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.‎ ‎52.According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?‎ A. It introduces different cultural values.‎ B. It explains the history of artistic works.‎ C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.‎ D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一句可知相对主义文化是地方社会和经济状况的反应。故选择C。‎ ‎53.In Paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that .‎ A. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段列举的三个例子可以看出艺术作品是没有国界的。故选择A。‎ ‎54.According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because .‎ A. they are results of scientific study B. they establish some general principles of art C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists D. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature 答案　D ‎55.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?‎ A. Are Artistic Values Universal?‎ B. Are Popular Arts Permanent?‎ C.Is Human Nature Uniform?‎ D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?‎ 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了艺术作品是永恒受欢迎的，因此其价值具有普遍性。‎ 名师指津 ‎1.抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 ‎ 通过阅读文章可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍根据文化相对主义，艺术作品永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并就此展开说明。‎ 文章具体脉络如下：‎ ‎2.总结解题规律，提高解题能力 四步法巧解间接细节理解题 间接细节理解题是指那种不是对原文直接进行提问的细节理解题，而是对原文的相关信息进行语义上的转换。常见的题干是利用原文情节中的因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进行设置的，在实际解题过程中，常见的解题步骤是：‎ 第一步，找关键词：从题干和选项中找出能定位原文信息的特征词作为关键词。‎ 第二步，返回原文：通过关键词定位原文信息。‎ 第三步，精细阅读：结合题干和选项对原文信息进行精细阅读。‎ 第四步，加工提炼：对原文信息进行加工处理，通过语义转换、归纳总结等手段与备选选项进行匹配对比，确定正确答案。‎ 本文第52题就是一道间接细节理解题。题干中的cultural relativism 是关键词，根据此关键词可以定位到文章第一段的第一句“The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism(相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.”，即艺术作品的价值在于能够反映当地的社会和经济状况。换句话说，艺术作品的价值在于它们与当地的情况息息相关。C项“It relates artistic values to local conditions.”是文章第一段第一句的语义转换。‎ 1、 ‎ ‎