英语五年真题分类4语法填空题及答案

英语五年真题分类4语法填空题及答案

1 语法填空 2018 年 Cloze 1 2018 全国卷Ⅰ，15 分 话题：跑步带来多种健康益处 词数：174 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 1 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 2 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3 (die) early by running. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 4 (be) more effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 8 (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 10 a try. Cloze 2 2018 全国卷 II，15 分 话题：调整农业结构 词数：184 Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 2 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 3 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 4 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 5 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 6 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 7 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government 8 (start) a soil-testing program 9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排 放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 10 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide," says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. Cloze 3 2018 全国卷 III，15 分 话题：邂逅大猩猩 词数：184 I’m not sure 1 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I ’ m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 2 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 3 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 4 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 5 (challenge).、 My name is Mireya Mayor. I ’ m a 6 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 7 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. 2 When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 8 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 9 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: "I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 10 (stay) and watch. Cloze 4 2018 浙江，15 分 话题：享受做饭的乐趣 词数：191 Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1 （dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3 can be to eat out. I still remember 4 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5 （shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. While regularly eating out seems to 6 (become)common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9 (weigh) problems. If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket. 2017 年 Cloze 1 2017 全国卷Ⅰ，15 分 话题：饮食与健康 词数：196 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7 (be) full of fat and salt; by 8 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10 is not good for the health. Cloze 2 2017 全国卷Ⅱ，15 分 话题：地下客运铁路 词数：181 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people 〖STF5〗to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,  3  (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. 3 Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day. Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧 道 ), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. Cloze 3 2017 全国卷Ⅲ，15 分 话题：上学的同时兼职做模特 词数：196 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1 (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 2 model in New York. Sarah 3 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 4 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 5 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 6 (educate). She has turned down several 7 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 9 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 10 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more." Cloze 4 2017 浙江，15 分 话题：16 年前的戒指失而复得 词数：181 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. "She thought I had hurt 4 (I)," says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 5 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook) a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband  7  (search) the kitchen, checking every corner,but turned up nothing."I gave up hope of finding my ring again,"she says.She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.For Pahlsson,its return was 10 wonder. 2012——2016 年 Cloze 1 2016 全国卷Ⅰ，15 分 词数：180 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 4 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 2 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum — she never suspects. Cloze 2 2016 全国卷Ⅱ，15 分 词数：188 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 1 (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 2 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 6 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 9 (bring) your work home. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, 10 (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. Cloze 3 2016 全国卷Ⅲ，15 分 词数：178 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 2 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 3 (create) special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 4 (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, 5 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 6 (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 8 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 9 (be) too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally 5 eat 10 their hands. Cloze 4 2016 四川，15 分 词数：186 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The giant panda 1 （love）by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 2 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 3 (care) mother. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 4 (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 5 (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 6 it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 7 more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 8 (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 9 (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 10 it was also time for the young panda to be independent. Cloze 5 2015 新课标全国Ⅰ，15 分 词数:182 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yangshuo, China It was raining lightly when I 1 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 2 , I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 3 (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 5 (painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 6 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo 7 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers 8 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 9 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 10 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. Cloze 6 2015 新课标全国Ⅱ，15 分 词数:176 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 1 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able) to "air condition" a house without 4 (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool) the house during the hot day; 7 the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 9 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. Cloze 7 2015 广东，15 分 词数:187 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的 6 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 1 farm, which looked almost abandoned. 2 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 3 other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 4 (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 5 it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she 6 (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living 7 the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 8 (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 9 people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to 10 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. Cloze 8 2014 新课标全国Ⅰ，15 分 词数:188 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于 3 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 1 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 2 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 3 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasn't changed in a few days 4 even a few months. It took years of work 5 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 6 (clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 7 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are 8 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 9 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 10 (patience). Cloze 9 2014 新课标全国Ⅱ，15 分 词数:195 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于 3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 1 (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 2 some of them looked very anxious and 3 (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 4 the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike 5 (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 6 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept 7 (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked," 8 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?" A woman on the bus shouted, "Oh dear! It's 9 (I)." She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 10 (sudden) became friendly to one another. 7 Cloze 10 2014 广东，15 分 词数:196 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 1 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready. After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months 2 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 3 (tell) that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, 4 for the week after. I didn't understand 5 this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 6 the reservation. What's worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 7 (surprise) helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 8 top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren't charged extra. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little 10 (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind. Cloze 11 2013 广东，15 分 词数:203 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 One day,Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly,he 1 (find) that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son, "Go to the village and buy some salt,but pay a fair price for it:neither too much 2 too little." His son looked surprised. "I can understand why I shouldn't pay too much,Father,but if I can pay less, 3 not save a bit of money?" "That would be a very 4 (reason) thing to do in a big city,but it could destroy a small village like ours,"Nick said. Nick's guests, 5 had heard their conversation,asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.Nick replied,"The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it." "But such a small thing couldn't 8 (possible) destroy a village." "In the beginning,there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always 10 (think) that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today." Cloze 12 2012 广东，15 分 词数:213 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, 1 (wear) sun glasses.He walked in as if he 2 (buy) the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City. For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 3 (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasn't her,it was probably the fact that she sat in 4 last row. 5 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back,he was wrong. It might 8 have made it a little 6 (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around,but that didn't stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him,they had to look at Mary, 7 made her feel like a star. "Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?" the teacher asked.The new boy shook his head."Then I'd appreciate it if you didn't wear them in class.I like to look at your eyes when I'm speaking to you." The new boy looked at the teacher 8 a few seconds and all the other students wondered 9 the boy would do.Then he took 10 off, gave a big smile and said,"That's cool." 语法填空答案 2018 年 Cloze 1 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了跑步带来的多种健康益处。一本医学杂志上的评论及研究表明， 跑步不仅使人长寿，而且可以降低死亡的风险。 1.longer 考查副词。句中有 than，故用 long 的比较级 longer。 2.to see 考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语，因此此处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句意可 知，此处应用动词不定式 to see 作目的状语。 3.dying 考查非谓语动词。短语 reduce ones risk of..."降低某人……的风险"， 此处介词 of 后用动名词作宾语。 【易错点拨】注意 die 是不规则动词，v.-ing 形式为 dying；名词为 death;形容词为 dead。 4.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中 宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为 it,故用 is。 5.than 考查介词。根据句中的 more 可知，此处应用介词 than 引出比较对象。此处表示跑步 比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。故填 than。 6.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为 a study，且 定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词 that/which。 7.causes 考查名词。 此处 cause 是可数名词，意为"原因"，句中的 all 表示"所有"，后应用可 数名词的复数形式，故填 causes。 8.strengthen 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空 应填动词 strengthen，意为"增强，加强"。 9.energetic 考查形容词。and 连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and 前面的 cheap 和 easy 均为形容词，故此处应用形容词 energetic 作表语，意为"需要能量的，剧烈的 "。 10.it/running 考查固定搭配。give it a try 为固定搭配，意为"试一试"，根据语境可知，it 指代 running，故可填 it 或 running。 Cloze 2 本文是说明文，文章介绍了中国近年来根据人们膳食的变化调整农作物种植结构。 【核心词汇】account for 说明（原因、理由等）; 导致，引起; （在数量、比例上）占; 对……负责 specific adj. 明确的; 特有的，具体的 recommendation n. 推荐; 推荐信; 建议 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 1.has grown 考查时态。由句中的时间状语 Since 2011 可知，此空应用现在完成时。 2.the 考查冠词。此处是特指，故用定冠词 the。over the past 25 years 表示"在过去的 25 年里"。 3.actually 考查副词。这里需填副词来修饰谓语动词 is。 4.to improve 考查非谓语动词。不定式 to improve water quality 作目的状语。 5.than 考查介词。由空前的 less 可知，此处应用介词 than，表示"比"。 9 6.pollution 考查名词。此处应填 pollute 的名词形式 pollution 作宾语。 7.global 考查形容词。此处应填 globe 的形容词形式 global 作定语。 8.started 考查时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填 started。 9.that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，a soil|testing program 是先行词，指物，且定语从句中缺主语，所以应填关系代词 that 或 which。 10.feeding 考查现在分词。while feeding its citizens 是时间状语从句 while it is feeding its citizens 的省略结构。又可理解为此处的 feed（养活）与主语 China 为逻辑上的主谓关系， 故用现在分词形式。 Cloze 3 我在中非共和国森林里偶遇大猩猩家庭以及由此引发的人猩交流。 1.who 考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然 蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表 示"谁"，故填 who。 2.the 考查冠词。 at the top of "在……顶端"，此处表示"大声地"。 3.loudest 考查副词最高级。根据语境和空后的 of all 的修饰可知，空处应用副词的最高级。 4.looking 考查非谓语动词。avoid 后常接动名词作宾语，故空处填 looking。 5.challenged 考查语态。此处表示"我迅速低下头避免和它直视，以便它不会感到受到挑战", 主语 he 和 challenge 构成被动关系，故填 challenged。 6.scientist 考查名词。根据空前的 a 可知，空处应填名词，且意为"科学家"，故填 scientist。 7.for 考查介词。 search for 意为"寻找"，为固定搭配。 8.them 考查代词。这里用 them 指代上文的 the gorillas。 9.meant 考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生，故用一般过去时。 10.to stay 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth."允许某人做某事"，为固定用法，故填 to stay。 Cloze 4 本文是一篇议论文，中国饮食越来越受到外国友人的欢迎，与此同时，随着社会的发展，越 来越多的人外出就餐。作者认为，外出就餐过多会带来费用支出过多和健康问题，我们应学 着享受做饭的乐趣。 1.dishes 考查名词单复数。dish 是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式 dishes。 2.who/that 考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是 Many westerners，故填关系代词 who/that。 3.it 考查代词。此处应用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 to eat out。 4.visiting 考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth.表示"记得做过某事"，故填 visiting。 【知识拓展】非谓语动词中，现在分词 v.-ing 所表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同 时发生且现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系；过去分词 done 与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系； 不定式 to do 通常表示将来和目的。 5.was shocked 考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示"我感到很震惊"，shock 与主语 I 为被动关系，同时根据后面的 learnt 可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填 was shocked。 6.have become 考查非谓语动词。根据语境和时间状语 in recent years 可知，此处需要用不定 式的完成式，故填 have become。 7.affordable 考查形容词。根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的， 故填形容词 affordable。 10 8.higher 考查形容词的比较级。根据 even 并结合语境可知，此处表示"更高的代价"，故需要 用 high 的比较级 higher。 9.weight 考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示"体重问题"，故空处需要填名词 weight。 10.for 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处应用介词 for 表示"目的"。 2017 年 Cloze 1 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响。 1.as 考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示"作为一种抵御心脏病的方式 "，所以填 as，意为"作为"。 2.effects 考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的"some"及空后 的"such as overweight and heart disease"可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式 effects。 3.to process 考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。 4.are removed 考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时； 又 fat and salt 是动词 remove 的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填 are removed。 5.a 考查冠词。as a result 为固定搭配，意为"结果"。 6.worse 考查比较级。短语 Even worse 意为"更糟糕的是"，表示意义的递进。故用 worse。 7.is 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知， 该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为 Fast food，故填 is。 8.eating 考查非谓语动词。介词 by 后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填 eating。 9.careful 考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，故填 careful"当心的"构成系表结构。 10.which 考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的 内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词 which。 Cloze 2 本文为说明文，介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的 过程。 【段意梳理】 第一段：介绍了世界上第一个地下客运铁路的创建以及相关事宜。 第二段：蒸汽机是地下客运铁路的动力机，尽管它让乘客感到不舒服，但乘客数量却大增。 第三段：地下客运铁路发展成现在的地铁。 1.crowds 考查名词复数。因为 crowd 为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复 数形式。 2.from 考查介词。此处是指"当他们来回上下班时"。 3.laying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为 This，谓语动词 included 后由 and 连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填 laying。 【易错点拨】该句中的 lay 不是与前面的谓语动词 included 并列，而是与 digging up 和 building 并列。句式结构的分析是解答该题的关键。 4.the 考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在 top 前加 the。 5.were used 考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍 1863 年的事情，而且 Steam engines 与 use 之 间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 were used。 6.fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词 unpleasant，故在其前填 fairly。 7.it 考查代词。根据上文的"the railway quickly"可知，此处用 it 代替 the railway。 【知识拓展】one 指代上文提到的单数的人或物，指"同一类中的一个"，表示泛指意义； 11 that 指上文出现的名词，表示同类的东西，既可指代可数名词单数，又可指代不可数名词， 常有后置定语修饰，表特指；it 指上文提到的同一事物，与前面的名词是同一个，表特指。 8.managed 考查动词时态。因为 engineers 与 manage 之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的 事情，所以填 managed。 9.introduction 考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词 the 可知，其后应接名词，故填 introduction。 10.successful 考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的 the most 可知，空处表达最高级意义。 故填 successful。 Cloze 3 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了 16 岁的 Sarah 在上学的同时兼职做模特，并且取得了巨大的成 功；虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特，但是 Sarah 仍然坚持要完成学业。 【段意梳理】 第一段：讲述 16 岁女孩 Sarah 与同龄孩子不同，在学习的同时兼顾从事模特职业。 第二段：Sarah 的父亲希望她放弃学业，但她坚信自己可以做到美丽与智慧并存。 第三段：Sarah 拒绝了许多演出邀请，专心于学业，立志考上大学。 第四段：Sarah 谈论不想放弃学业而专职做模特的原因。 1. resting 考查固定搭配。spend time doing sth. 是固定搭配，故填 resting。 2.a 考查冠词。该空后面 model 是可数名词单数，此处表示"作为一名模特"，故填 a。 3.has been told/was told 考查动词时态和语态。此处动词 tell 与 Sarah 是被动关系，因为第二 段在讲述父亲和 Sarah 的想法时都是用现在时，因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影 响，故可以填 has been told。此外，"被告知"这件事情发生在过去，故也可填 was told。 【易错点拨】考生在考虑动词的时态时，经常会忽略语态，如此题容易误填 told。因此，当 考查动词的时候要从句意理解出发，考虑动作的主语与动词之间是主动还是被动的关系。 4.who 考查定语从句。此句 Sarah 是主语，wants 是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处是非限制 性定语从句，先行词为 Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填 who。 5.to prove 考查非谓语动词。 want to do 是固定搭配，故填 to prove。 6.education 考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词 her 后需用 educate 的名词形式，故填 education。 7.invitations 考查名词单复数。invitation 是可数名词，前面有 several 修饰，要用复数形式， 故填 invitations。 8.in 考查介词。degree 与介词 in 搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填 in。 9.comes 考查动词时态。全文均为现在时，且 school 是第三人称单数，故填 comes。 【易错点拨】动词如果使用一般现在时，要注意主语是不是第三人称单数。此题容易误填 come。 10.certainly 考查副词。此处 fun 是名词，但空处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填 certainly。 【知识拓展】考查形容词与副词时，除了要考虑词性相互转换，还要考虑形容词与副词的反 义词。比如括号里给出 fortunate 一词，需要改为副词形式 fortunately，同时还要结合句意来 判断，是否要改为 unfortunately。 Cloze 4 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了 16 年前的戒指失而复得的故事。 【段意梳理】 第一段：Lena Pahlsson 拔萝卜时发现了自己丢失了很久的戒指。 第二段：Pahlsson 看到戒指时激动的尖叫声引来了女儿。 第三段：16 年前 Pahlsson 的戒指丢失的情节。  第四段： Pahlsson 和她的丈夫回想当时戒指丢失的原因。 1. carrots 考查名词单复数。根据上文的"a handful of"可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应 12 用 carrot 的复数形式。 2.shiny/shining 考查形容词。根据上文的"a"及下文的名词"object"可知，此处需要用形容词 作定语修饰名词，故填 shiny 或 shining。 3.so 考查状语从句。Pahlsson 的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来。此处 是 so...that...结构，表示"如此……以至于……"。 【易错点拨】本题容易误填 such，但要注意 such 后面接名词，而 so 后面则接形容词或副词。 4.myself 考查代词。根据语境可知，hurt 这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用 I 的 反身代词形式，意为"她认为我伤了我自己"，故填 myself。 5.earlier 考查形容词的比较级。此处表示"16 年前"，故填 earlier"……之前，先前"。 6.to cook 考查不定式。此处不定式表示"目的"，意为"去掉戒指以做饭"，故填 to cook。 7. searched 考查动词的时态。根据本段的基本时态为一般过去时及语境可知，此处应用一般 过去时表示发生在过去的动作，故填 searched。 8.swept 考查过去分词。根据上文的"got"及语境可知，此处应填 sweep 的过去分词形式 swept，意为"被扫进"。 9.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行 词 the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填 where。 10.a 考查冠词。此处表示"一个奇迹"，所以需要用不定代词 a 表泛指。 2012—2016 年 Cloze 1 本文讲述了作者的成都之旅及其与大熊猫之间的故事。 1.attraction 考查名词。但对于像我一样的游客，熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词 性物主代词 its 以及形容词 top 可知,此处应该填动词 attract 的名词形式 attraction，意为"吸引 人之物"。 2.was allowed 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语 I 与动词 allow 之间存在被动 关系，且前一句的"was"表明此处应用一般过去时，故填 was allowed。 3.officially 考查副词。修饰动词应该用副词，所以填 officially。 4.to 考查介词。go back to 是固定搭配，意为"追溯到"。 5.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间 状语，故填关系副词 when。 6.permitted 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，permit 与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系， 故填过去分词 permitted 作后置定语，相当于 that/who was permitted。 7.introducing 考查非谓语动词。动词 include 后需跟动名词作宾语，所以此空填 introducing。 【知识拓展】下列动词后也需用动名词作宾语：dislike, imagine, delay, practise, finish, avoid 等。 8.its 考查代词。由语境及后面的名词 mother 可知，此空应该填 it 的形容词性物主代词 its。 9.days 考查名词的数。由 few 修饰可数名词复数可知，此空填 days。 every few days 是" 每隔几天"的意思。 10.the 考查冠词。one...the other...是固定搭配，意为"一个……另一个……"。 Cloze 2 本文介绍了缓解工作中的压力的一些方法。 1.greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的"and less importance"可知，此处应用 形容词的比较级来修饰 importance，故填 greater。 13 2.achievement 考查名词。首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的成就感。a real sense of achievement 意为"一种真实的成就感"。 3.is 考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结 构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语"Leaving the less important things until tomorrow"，故谓 语动词用第三人称单数形式，且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填 is。 【知识拓展】当动名词和不定式在句中充当主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 4.on 考查介词。我们中的大多数人在早上会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中于工作。 固定短语 be focused on 意为"集中于……"。故填 on。 5.as 考查连词。因此，早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构 as...as possible 意为"尽可能……"。 6.studies 考查名词的数。最新的研究表明，如果我们定期短暂休息的话，我们在工作中 会变得高效得多。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为 show，为复数形式，且 study 作"研究， 调查"讲时为可数名词，故主语应为复数。故填 studies。 【易错点拨】考查主语的单复数时，取决于谓语动词的单复数，所以要认真分析句子的结构， 找准句子的谓语。 7.regularly 考查副词。副词修饰谓语动词 take，故填 regularly"定期地"。 8.a 考查冠词。固定短语 for a while 意为"一会儿"。 9.to bring 考查非谓语动词。固定短语 be likely to do sth.意为"可能做某事"，故填 to bring。 10.make 考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but 连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中， whatever 引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。故填 make。 【易错点拨】在解答该题时，分析句子结构非常重要。因为该句中 whatever 引导让步状语 从句，所以其后应是主句，而祈使句可充当主句，非谓语动词及短语则不可以。 Cloze 3 本文介绍了筷子的材质、中国使用筷子的悠久历史及筷子的文化内涵。 1.and 考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知，Vietnam 与空前的"China, Japan, Korea" 之间是并列关系，且此处表示"以及，和"，故填并列连词 and。 2.be made 考查被动语态。此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。根据 make 与 句子主语 Truly elegant chopsticks 之间是动宾关系及空前的"might"可知，此处应填 be made。 3.to create 考查非谓语动词。熟练的工人也会把各种各样的硬木和金属组合起来以创作 独特的设计。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。 4.using 考查非谓语动词。use 与其逻辑主语 People 之间是主谓关系，故此处用现在分词 作状语。 5.as/when 考查状语从句。随着人口的增长或当人口增长时，人们开始把食物切成小片。 根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，表示"随着"或"当……时"，故填 as 或 when。 6.gradually 考查副词。应用副词修饰动词。 7.who 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 Confucius，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填 who。 8.development 考 查 名 词 。 根 据 空 前 的 "the" 及 空 后 的 "of" 可 知 ， 此 处 应 填 名 词 development。 9.were 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的"believed"可知，此处描述的是过去的情况， 应用一般过去时；从句主语为 knives,谓语动词应用复数。故填 were。 10.with 考查介词。此处指大部分人用手吃饭，故填 with。 Cloze 4 14 熊猫是全世界的人们都喜欢的动物。文章介绍了一只野生大熊猫照顾小熊猫的情况。 1.is loved 考查时态和语态。句子主语为 The giant panda，与 love 之间是被动关系，且表 示客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。 【易错点拨】此处讲述一个客观事实，不能误用时态。 2.recently 考查副词。根据句子结构可知，此处用副词作状语。 3.caring/careful 考查形容词。根据句子结构可知，此处用形容词作定语。caring"关心他 人的";careful"细致的，周到的"。 4.to eat 考查不定式。根据句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式作定语修饰不定代词 something。 5.enemies 考查名词的数。根据语境可知，此处用名词的复数形式。 6.When/If 考查连词。当熊猫宝宝哭泣的时候/如果熊猫宝宝哭泣，熊猫妈妈会前后摇晃 熊猫宝宝，而且会轻轻地拍它。语境表明，此处用连词 When 或 If 引导状语从句。 7.for 考查介词。表示一段时间用介词 for。 8.its 考查代词。根据句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词。 9.drove 考查时态。此处讲过去发生的事，所以用一般过去时。 10.and 考查连词。根据语境可知,此处应用 and 连接两个并列分句。 Cloze 5 本文介绍了著名旅游景点阳朔。 1.arrived 考查时态和语态。主句为过去进行时，因此 when 引导的时间状语从句应用一 般过去时，且 I 与 arrive 为主谓关系，故本空填 arrived。 2.before/earlier 考查副词。本句为过去完成时，描述的是作者来阳朔之前的情况，因此 填副词 before/earlier。 3.its 考查代词。这里指香港的污浊空气，因此填形容词性物主代词 its"它的"，指香港的。 4.that/which 考查定语从句。空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，从句修饰先行词"the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River"，且引导词在从句中作主语，因此本空 填关系代词 that/which。 5.paintings 考查名词。由前面的"so many"可知，本空应填名词复数 paintings。 6.by 考查介词。by car（乘汽车）为固定搭配。 7.is 考查时态和主谓一致。本句描述阳朔景色之美，应用一般现在时；主语是第三人称 单数，故用 is。 8.conducted 考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰"A study of travelers"，表 示被动关系和动作已完成。 9.regularly 考查副词。本空所填词修饰动词，应用副词 regularly。 10.living 考查非谓语动词。live 与 people 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语 作后置定语,表示主动关系和长期的特征。 Cloze 6 本文重点介绍了美国 Pueblo 印第安人所建土坯房独特的调节室温的特点。 1.built 考查非谓语动词。 本句主语是 The adobe dwellings，谓语是 are admired，因此 空白处不需要谓语动词，应用过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作。 2.the 考查冠词。形容词最高级前常用定冠词 the。 3.ability 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作表语，且空前有 their，故 填名词 ability。 4.using 考查动名词。介词 without 之后接动名词作宾语。 5.slowly 考查副词。此处修饰动词短语 give out，应用副词。 6.to cool 考查非谓语动词。...enough to do sth.表示"……得足以……"，不定式短语作结 15 果状语。 7.at 考查介词。at the same time 表示"同时"，是固定搭配。 8.goes 考查时态和语态。结合语境可知，这里应用一般现在时表示现状。主语为 This cycle,与 go 为主谓关系,故填 goes。 9.natural 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词。 10.how 考查宾语从句。how 引导宾语从句，并修饰形容词 thick,表示程度。 Cloze 7 本文讲述了一个小故事。Johnson 先生和家人住在树林中，他有一个看着几乎荒芜的农 场，幸好他有一头奶牛。可是有一天牛死了，奶牛的死会给 Johnson 一家带来什么变化呢？ 1.a 考查冠词。farm 在文中是第一次出现，而且此处表示泛指，所以用不定冠词 a。 2.Luckily 考查副词。修饰整个句子应用副词形式，故填 Luckily。 3.for 考查介词。exchange A for B 是固定搭配，故填介词 for。 4.was left 考查时态和语态。主语与 leave 是被动关系，故用被动语态。根据语境可知， 此处用一般过去时。 5.when 考查连词。有一天，牛正在吃草，这时突然天开始下大雨。be doing...when "正在……这时（突然）……"，为固定句型。 6.fell 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处填 fell，与后面的 died 作并列谓语。 7.without 考查介词。根据语境可知这里是指"没有了那头牛"，故填 without。 8.to sell 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。 9.where 考查定语从句。先行词为 market，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，故用 where。 10.him 考查代词。根据 It occurred to sb. that...句型和后面的 his farm 可知此处应填 him。 Cloze 8 只要我们坚持不懈，我们可以做成那些看似不可能的事情。 1.was 考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时，主语表示单 数概念，故本空填 was。 2.actually 考查副词。空格在动词前，应用副词修饰动词，本空填 actually。 3.the 考查冠词。形容词的最高级作定语时，其前通常加 the，因此该空填定冠词 the。 4.or 考查连词。否定句中用 or 代替 and 连接并列成分。 5.to reduce 考查非谓语动词。It takes/took some time to do sth.为固定句型，因此本空填不 定式 to reduce。 6.cleaner 考查形容词的比较级。由后面的 than 可知空处应填形容词的比较级 cleaner。 7.that/which 考查定语从句。所填词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为 a habit，关系词在 从句中作主语，故应填关系代词 that/which。 8.amazing 考查-ing 形容词。-ing 形容词在此作定语，表示事物自身的属性。 9.changes 考查名词的数。由谓语动词 are 可知，空格处应填名词的复数形式 changes。 10.patient 考查形容词。be patient 意为"有耐心"，形容词 patient(有耐心的)作表语。 Cloze 9 一个男孩儿追赶公交车，归还一位乘客落下的手提箱…… 1.being 考查非谓语动词。about 是介词，后面接动词时,动词用动名词形式，故填 being。 2.and 考查连词。所填词连接并列分句,表示进一步说明，故填 and。 3.disappointed 考查形容词。由空前的 and 以及 anxious 可知，此处应填 disappoint 的形 容词形式，主语是人，且此处表示人的感受，故用-ed 形容词 disappointed(失望的)。 4.to 考查介词。next to 意为"贴近，紧挨着",符合语境。 16 5.caught 考查时态和语态。主语与 catch 为主谓关系,且此处表示过去的情况,故用一般过 去式，填 caught。 6.to stop 考查固定用法。 refuse to do (sth.)表示"拒绝做某事"，故填 to stop。 7.riding 考查非谓语动词。keep doing (sth.)表示"一直做某事"，故填 riding。 8.Did 考查助动词。句子是一般疑问句,且表示过去的情况,再结合动词原形 lose 可知， 此处应填 Did。 9.me/mine 考查人称代词/名词性物主代词。由问句可知，此处应填 me/mine。"It's me/It's mine"表示"是我（丢东西了）/是我的箱子"。 10.suddenly 考查副词。修饰动词 became 应用副词，故填 suddenly。 Cloze 10 作者兄弟二人前往迈阿密旅游，住酒店时他们遇到困难，最后酒店经理出面给他们解决 了问题。 1.it 考查代词。it 指代上文提到的旅游目的地 Miami。 2.earlier 考查副词。earlier 在此为副词，表示"……之前"。six months earlier 六个月之前。 3.were told 考查时态和语态。We 与 tell 为动宾关系，且此处表示过去的情况，故应用一 般过去时的被动语态,所以填 were told。 4.but 考查连词。我们订的不是那一周的房间，而是其后那一周的房间。所填词表示转折 关系，且连接并列成分，故填 but。　 5.why/how 考查宾语从句。why(为什么)引导宾语从句，表示原因；how 引导宾语从句， 表示方式。 6.for 考查介词。固定搭配 charge...for... 表示"因……向……索取费用"。 7.surprisingly 考查副词。helpful 是形容词，应用副词修饰。 8.the 考查冠词。on the top floor 意为"在顶层"。 9.where 考查定语从句。所填词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为 beach，关系词在从句中 作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。 10.sunburnt/sunburned 考查形容词。我们有点儿晒伤了。sunburnt/sunburned 在此处是形 容词，作表语，表示"晒伤的"。 Cloze 11 Nick 通过让儿子买盐的事情教育他学会尊重别人的劳动，否则最终受害的是集体。 1.found 考查时态和语态。此处是在描述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，且 he 与 find 为主谓关系，故填 found。 2.nor 考查固定搭配。neither 通常与 nor 连用，neither...nor...表示"既不……也不……"， 符合语境。 3.why 考查固定结构。why not ...意为"为什么不……"，表示建议。 4.reasonable 考查形容词。空后为名词 thing, 空前有冠词 a，因此可以推断空处应该填 reason 的形容词形式 reasonable(合理的，可以接受的)。 5.who 考查定语从句。空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Nick's guests，关系 词在从句中作主语，应用 who。 6.at 考查介词。at a（n） ... price 表示"以……的价格"。 7.for 考查介词。名词 respect 常与介词 for 连用，表示"对……的尊重"。 8.possibly 考查副词。这里要使用 possible 的副词形式修饰动词 destroy。 9.a 考查冠词。a very small amount of 为固定搭配，意为"很少量的……"。 10.thinking 考查非谓语动词。everyone 与 think 是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分 词短语 thinking...作伴随状语。 17 Cloze 12 本文围绕一个新来的同学展开。 1.wearing 考查非谓语动词。He 和 wear 是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用 wear 的现在分词形 式作伴随状语。 2.had bought 考查虚拟语气。此处 as if 引导方式状语从句，且该从句应用虚拟语气。根 据句意可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故用过去完成时，且此处表示主谓关系，所以填 had bought。 3.pleased 考查形容词。由 felt 可知，此处应填形容词 pleased(高兴的)作表语。 4.the 考查冠词。last（最后的）前常用定冠词 the。 5.If 考查连词。此处表示假设，故用 If（如果）引导条件状语从句。 6.harder 考查形容词的比较级。结合语境和 a little 可知，此处应用形容词的比较级 harder 作宾补。 7.which 考查定语从句。先行词为主句，which 在此引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中 作主语。 8.for 考查介词。表示一段时间时常用介词 for。 9.what 考查名词性从句。what 引导宾语从句，且在从句中作 do 的宾语，表示"什么"。 10.them 考查代词。them 指代前面提到的太阳镜。