【推荐】专题1-3 Grammar&Writing- 试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（必修5）

【推荐】专题1-3 Grammar&Writing- 试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（必修5）

Unit1 Great scientists ‎1.3 Grammar & Writing Grammar: 过去分词作定语和表语 Ⅰ．定语 ‎ 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况。 ‎ ‎1．前置定语 ‎ 单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或只具有“被动”含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表“完成”含义。‎ ‎（1）被动和完成含义：‎ ‎ ☞We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions．‎ ‎ 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。‎ ‎（2）被动含义：‎ ‎ ☞She is a respected teacher．她是一位受人尊敬的老师。‎ ‎（3）完成含义：‎ ‎ ☞They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard．‎ ‎ 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。‎ ‎2．后置定语 ‎ 过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。‎ ‎ ☞This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (＝that has ever been written)．‎ ‎ 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。‎ ‎ ☞Who were the socalled guests invited (＝who had been invited) to your party last night？‎ ‎ 昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？‎ ‎ ☞Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press．‎ ‎ 昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。‎ ‎【拓展延伸1】‎ ‎(1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。‎ ‎ ☞The experience gained will be of great value to us．‎ ‎ 取得的经验对我们很有价值。‎ ‎☞By the end of the year，the total money collected had come to 92 million dollars，‎ ‎ all of which were sent to Africa．‎ ‎ 到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了9,200多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。 ‎ ‎(2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。‎ ‎☞The air-conditioned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer．‎ ‎ 在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。‎ ‎☞The newly-built building is our office building．‎ ‎ 这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。‎ ‎(3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎☞The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless．‎ ‎ 筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。‎ ‎☞This book，(which is)written in simple English，is suitable for beginners to read．‎ ‎ 这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。‎ ‎☞The concert (which/that was) given by their friends was a success．‎ ‎ 他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。 ‎ ‎☞The meeting，(which was) attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the ‎ ‎ great hero．‎ ‎ 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。‎ ‎(4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽 ‎ 不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人有关。‎ ‎☞The boy looked up with a pleased expression．那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。‎ ‎☞He spoke with a frightened look．他说话时显得非常恐惧。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【拓展延伸2】‎ ‎(1)动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用途。‎ ‎ ☞No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room．阅览室里不准大声说话。‎ ‎ ☞There is a swimming pool in our school．我们学校有一个游泳池。‎ ‎(2)现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。‎ ‎ ☞He is a promising young man．他是一个很有前途的青年。‎ ‎ ☞Do you know the woman(who is)sitting at the end of the room？‎ ‎ 你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？‎ ‎ ☞We must keep a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now．‎ ‎ 对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。‎ ‎(3)不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”、“动宾”或“同位”三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。 ‎ ‎ ☞Our monitor is the first to arrive．我们的班长是第一个到达的人。(主谓关系)‎ ‎ ☞The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is of great importance．‎ ‎ 明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(动宾关系)‎ ‎ ☞I have a lot of work to do．我有许多事要做。(动宾关系)‎ ‎ ☞Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us．‎ ‎ 他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。(同位关系)‎ ‎ ☞They have no happiness to speak of．他们没有什么幸福可言。‎ Ⅱ．表语 ‎ 过去分词作表语，通常表示主语所处的一种状态。‎ ‎☞His colleagues were surprised at his absurd behaviour．同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。‎ ‎☞The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains．这座城市三面环山。 ‎ ‎☞The door remained locked．门仍然锁着。‎ ‎☞She looked disappointed．她看上去很失望。‎ ‎【拓展延伸3】‎ ‎(1)动名词作表语，解释或说明主语的内容。此时，主语与表语位置通常可以互换。‎ ‎ ☞Our duty is serving the people heart and soul．‎ ‎ 我们的职责是全心全意地为人民服务。‎ ‎ ☞What they are worried about is being left behind．‎ ‎ 他们所担心的是别被落在后面。‎ ‎(2)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质，特征或属性；此时，现在分词与主语(往往 ‎ 是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人……的”。‎ ‎ ☞The news was exciting and we were all excited．‎ ‎ 消息令人兴奋，我们都很激动。‎ ‎ ☞He remained standing beside the table．他依然站在桌旁。‎ ‎(3)不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be，seem，remain，appear，get的后面，用来说明或解释主语的内容。当主语为名词dream，business，wish，idea，‎ plan，job，work，task，duty时，表语通常采用不定式，不用动名词。此时，不定式通常强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。‎ ‎ ☞The aim is not just to keep busy．其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。‎ ‎ ☞He appears to want to leave．他看来要走。‎ ‎1.（2017·北京）Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.‎ ‎ A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent ‎ ‎2.（2016·浙江）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study _________in Australia in 2012.‎ ‎ A.having conducted B.to be conducted C.conducting D.conducted ‎3.（2016·江苏）In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________within the work.‎ ‎ A.to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden ‎4. (2014·福建) For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________.‎ ‎ A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The witnesses ________(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.‎ ‎2．The room is empty except for a bookshelf______________(stand) in one corner.‎ ‎3．The cars ________(sell) at the market now are made in Shanghai.‎ ‎4．The airport ________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.‎ ‎5．Most of the people ________(invite) to the school were from Beijing.‎ ‎6．The news was __________ and they were all __________at it.(excite)‎ ‎7．We all felt __________ at the __________ news.(encourage)‎ ‎8．－Was it George who telephoned?‎ ‎ －No.A man________(call)himself Peter.‎ ‎9．The new books________(print)in the factory these days are mainly intended for children.‎ ‎10．The young man，________(tire)of working for others，is determined to start his own firm.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Those are the problems leaving over by history.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．He didn't turn up at the held meeting yesterday.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．He seemed quite delighting at the news.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4．His words are discouraged，which made many people discouraging.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ K真题 K好题 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1.questioned　 2.standing　 3.being sold　 4.to be completed　 5.invited　‎ ‎6.exciting；excited　 7.encouraged；encouraging　 8.called　 9.being printed　 10.tired Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1.leaving改为left　 2.held与meeting换位置　 3.delighting改为delighted　‎ ‎4.discouraged改为discouraging；discouraging改为discouraged Writing：如何写劝说性书信 ‎ 劝说信是我们在日常工作和生活中常用的一种书信形式，它以书信的形式劝说收信人接受或放弃某一想法、观点、提议或行动，有时还提出自己的建议并让对方采取进一步的行动。在写此类信件的时候应注意以下几点：‎ ‎1.话题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水；‎ ‎2.观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可；‎ ‎3.论据要条理清楚，语言应准确、精炼；‎ ‎4.主体时态多用一般现在时；‎ ‎5.尽量避免同一单词、句型的重复使用，多采用同义词、相似结构以使表达多样化。‎ ‎1．I'm writing to persuade you to...我写信是要劝你……‎ ‎2．I am writing to express my views concerning...我写信来是要表达我有关……的看法 ‎3．If were you，I would...如果我是你，我会……‎ ‎4．It seems to me that you could...我认为你可以……‎ ‎5．First of all，I think it would be better if...首先，我想如果……，可能会更好。‎ ‎6．I think it would be more beneficial if you could...我想如果你能……，可能会更有利。‎ ‎7．I believe you will take my advice into account.我相信你会考虑我的建议的。‎ ‎8．I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/recommendations practical/useful/helpful.‎ ‎ 我希望你会觉得这些建议/意见/提议实用/有用/有帮助。‎ ‎9．I will be more than happy to see improvements in this aspect.‎ ‎ 如果这方面有所改善我会非常开心的。‎ ‎10．I will be ready for further discussing this matter into details.‎ ‎ 我时刻准备着就此事进行更详尽的讨论。‎ ‎ 假设你是李萍，你的笔友王强最近沉迷于电脑游戏而不能自拔，严重影响了学习和身心健康。请你给他写一封信劝说他戒掉这一不良习惯，并对他的学习生活给出自己的建议。词数100左右。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【审题谋篇】‎ 第一步　明确要求 该写作属于应用文类的书信，故要用 第一 人称来写；信的主题内容是 劝说王强戒掉网瘾 ，故用一般将来时，同时兼顾书信的特点，会用到表达愿望的情态动词。‎ 第二步　确定段落 Para.1　 作者首先要陈述自己的担忧 Para.2　 指出沉迷于电脑游戏的危害 Para.3　 表达作者的希望并提出建议 ‎ ‎【词汇热身】‎ ‎1.上瘾 2.首先 ‎ ‎3.另外 4.暴力 ‎ ‎5.摆脱 6.开阔眼界 ‎ ‎7.对……有害 ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. be addicted to 2. to begin with/first of all 3. in addition/what’s more ‎4. violence 5. break away from 6. expand/broaden/widen one’s horizons ‎7. do harm to /be harmful to ‎【句式升级】‎ ‎1.虽然人们普遍认为电脑游戏有趣而且能激发我们的想象力，但如果不加以节制，他们会在许多方面对你造成危害。‎ ‎ (一般表达)Many people believe that computer games are interesting and can inspire our imagination，but if you play them freely/uncontrolled，they will do harm to you in many ways.‎ ‎ (句式升级)Although it’s generally believed that computer games are interesting and can inspire our imagination，yet if you abuse them，they will be harmful to you in many ways.‎ ‎2.首先，你应该把时间用在学习或一些有益的事情上，而不应该浪费在游戏上。‎ ‎ (一般表达)First，you should spend your time on your study or other useful things and you shouldn’t waste it on computer games.‎ ‎ (句式升级) To begin with ，computer games will waste too much valuable time should be spent on your study or other which things.‎ ‎3.更糟糕的是，一些游戏充满暴力，这对你的心理健康会造成危害。‎ ‎ (一般句式)The worst thing is that there is much violence in the games and it ‎ will be bad for your mental health.‎ ‎ (句式升级) Worse still ，some games full of violence will be harmful to your mental health.‎ ‎4.为了有意义的生活，你可以多锻炼以强身健体，也可多读些好书或参加一些社会活动来开阔你的眼界。‎ ‎ (一般表达)In order to live a meaningful life，you can take more exercise to build you up，read more good books or participate in some social activities to broaden your horizons. ‎ ‎ (句式升级)In order to live a meaningful life，you can broaden your horizons by reading more good books or participating in some social activities as well as build you up by taking more exercise.‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Wang Qiang，‎ ‎ I felt worried when I heard that you are addicted to computer games. Although it’s generally believed that computer games are interesting and can inspire our imagination，yet if you abuse them，they will be harmful to you in many ways.‎ ‎ Looking forward to your good news.‎ Yours，‎ Li Ping ‎ ‎