2019年高考二轮复习英语新题型：专题六书面表达

2019年高考二轮复习英语新题型：专题六书面表达

专题六 书面表达 ‎ 应用文写作常见8大文体(一)——普通书信/电子邮件 一、 ‎ 写作架构要规范 英文电子邮件和普通书信的写法和格式大体相同，其开头、结尾常常都会给出，正文可根据作文要求分段把内容表达清楚即可。具体写作结构为：‎ 二、 ‎ 靓点句式背一番 ‎(一)开头常用语 ‎1．I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two days ago. ‎ 我很高兴收到你两天前寄给我的信。‎ ‎2．There is nothing happier to me than to receive your letter. ‎ 再也没有比收到你的来信更让我开心的了。‎ ‎3．Sorry to reply to your letter so late. ‎ 抱歉这么晚才给你回信。‎ ‎(二)主体部分常用语 ‎1．I’ve been thinking about the question you wrote in the letter. In my opinion, you should ...‎ 我一直在思考你信中提到的问题。在我看来，你应该……‎ ‎2．If necessary, we can arrange a facetoface discussion sometime this week.‎ 如果有必要，本周我们可以找个时间安排一次面谈。‎ ‎(三)结尾常用语 ‎1．I’d appreciate it if you could make a response at your earliest convenience.‎ 如果您能在方便时尽早回信，我将非常感激。‎ ‎2．Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.‎ ‎ 盼望能尽快收到你的回信。‎ 三、 ‎ 润色完善很关键 ‎(2018·沈阳检测)假定你是高三学生李华，你的英国笔友Peter在邮件中询问你打算如何度过高三毕业后的暑假。请你给Peter回复邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1．对暑假的期盼；‎ ‎2．你的假期计划及理由。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)准审题、准表达保基本分 定体裁 电子邮件 定人称 第一人称为主 定时态 一般现在时为主　　‎ 定要点 定结构 开头：引入话题，写邮件的背景(期盼暑假) ‎ 主体：假期计划及理由(去北京旅游、兼职等) ‎ 结尾：表达心情，并期待对方尽早回复 ‎[中档作文]‎ Dear Peter，‎ I’m more than delighted to hear from you.As is expected, I have been looking forward to the upcoming summer holiday after the College Entrance Examination❶.Then I can do a lot of amazing things❷.‎ First❸， I plan to take a trip to Beijing❹.It is the center of politics and culture❺.It can not only broaden my view but also help me learn more about the Chinese culture❻.❼I have applied for a parttime job in the city library.Summer holiday is a good chance❽ for me to promote myself.I believe❾ the job can help me make full preparations for the college life.Lastly, I’d like to read books as many as possible.I hope I will have a full and colourful summer holiday. ‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎(二)巧润色、大升级创高分 ‎(请根据括号内要求升级上面的中档作文)‎ Dear Peter，‎ I’m more than delighted to hear from you.As is expected, I have been looking forward to the upcoming summer holiday after the College Entrance Examination, (1)during which I can do a lot of amazing things (❶❷句合并升级为定语从句)．‎ ‎(2)To start/begin with (词汇升级❸), I plan to take a trip to Beijing, (3)the center of politics and culture (❹❺句合并升级为名词短语作同位语)．(4)Not only can it broaden my view but also help me learn more about the Chinese culture (升级句❻为倒装句)．(5)What’s more(❼前加过渡词汇), I have applied for a parttime job in the city library.Summer holiday is a good (6)opportunity (词汇升级❽) for me to promote myself.I (7)hold the firm belief that (词汇升级❾) the job can help me make full preparations for the college life.Lastly, I’d like to read books as many as possible.I (8) do hope (升级句为强调句) I will have a full and colourful summer holiday.‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 四、 ‎ ‎“一题两用”错不犯 下文是根据上面的题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中共有10处语言错误，请改正。‎ Dear Peter，‎ You can’t imagine what glad I was when I received your letter asking me for the plans in summer holiday.Actually, I have been longing for a relaxed and meaningful summer holiday.‎ The first thing coming to my mind is to get a driving license, what I think is a must for most college student in China.Apart from a completely relaxation, I also plan to take an English course to improve my speaking English.In addition to, I want to take active part in different social activities to better myself.‎ I believe the holiday must be fascinating before I finish the College Entrance Examination.I can’t wait to enjoy them!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：what→how 第二句：relaxed→relaxing 第三句：what→which; student→students 第四句：completely→complete; speaking→spoken 第五句：去掉第一个to; take后加an 第六句：before→after 第七句：them→it ‎ 应用文写作常见8大文体(二)——邀请信 一、 ‎ 写作架构要规范 邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，在写作时，语气要热情真挚，不要强人所难。具体写作结构为：‎ 二、 ‎ 靓点句式背一番 ‎(一)开头常用语 ‎1．We’re throwing a surprise party for ...We’d like to invite you to .../It’s my honor to invite you to ...‎ 我们将为……举办惊喜派对。我们想邀请你……/非常荣幸地邀请你……‎ ‎2．We are having/planning ...on ...(date) and we feel it would be a great idea if you can join us.‎ 我们将于……(日期)举行……(活动)，如果你能来参加就太好了。‎ ‎3．It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to invite you to ...‎ 我感到十分高兴能写信邀请你……‎ ‎(二)主体部分常用语 ‎1．Here are some details about this activity./Some details about this activity are as follows.‎ 这次活动的细节如下。‎ ‎2．I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.‎ 我想在那里见到你，请尽快告诉我你的决定。‎ ‎(三)结尾常用语 ‎1．I would feel honored if you could come./We would appreciate it if you could confirm your participation at your early convenience./An early reply is appreciated.‎ 如果你能来，我倍感荣幸。/如果你能尽早在你方便时确认参加，我们将不胜感激。/感激你的早日回复。‎ ‎2．My family and I would feel much honored if you could come.‎ ‎ 如果你能来，我和我的家人将会感到非常荣幸。‎ ‎3．Would you please drop me a line to let me know whether you can come to ...?‎ 你是否能来……请写信告诉我，好吗？‎ 三、 ‎ 润色完善很关键 ‎(2018·湖南六校联考)假定你是李华，想邀请你校的外教Henry一起参加学校近日将举办的中国传统文化展。请你给他写一封邀请信，内容包括：‎ ‎1．展览的时间、地点；‎ ‎2．展览的目的；‎ ‎3．展览的内容。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (一)准审题、准表达保基本分 定体裁 邀请信 定人称 第一人称为主 定时态 一般将来时为主 定要点 定结构 开头：发出邀请(自我介绍、展览时间及地点) ‎ 主体：活动内容(展览目的、内容) ‎ 结尾：表达愿望，并期待对方尽早回复 ‎[中档作文]‎ Dear Henry，‎ I’m Li Hua❶.I’m chairman of the Student Union❷.I’m writing to invite you to take part in❸ the Chinese Traditional Culture Show❹.It will be held at the Art Centre in our school❺.The show will start at ‎8 a．m. and end at ‎12 a．m. this Saturday morning.‎ The aim of the show is to arouse students’ interest in learning about Chinese traditional culture.There will be abundant masterpieces, a great many charming poems and related books at the show.We can not only have a better understanding of our traditional culture but also broaden our view❻.‎ I believe you like❼ the activity and do come to enjoy it. Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎(二)巧润色、大升级创高分 ‎(请根据括号内要求升级上面的中档作文)‎ Dear Henry，‎ I’m Li Hua, (1)chairman of the Student Union(❶❷句合并升级为名词短语作同位语)．I’m writing to invite you to (2)participate in (词汇升级❸) the Chinese Traditional Culture Show (3)to be held at the Art Centre in our school(❹❺句合并升级为非谓语动词作定语)．The show will start at ‎8 a．m. and end at ‎12 a．m. this Saturday morning.‎ The aim of the show is to arouse students’ interest in learning about Chinese traditional culture.There will be abundant masterpieces, a great many charming poems and related books at the show.(4)Not only can we have a better understanding of our traditional culture but also broaden our view(升级句❻为倒装句)．‎ I believe you (5) are fond of (词汇升级❼) the activity and do come to enjoy it. Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 四、 ‎ ‎“一题两用”错不犯 下文是根据上面的题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中共有10处语言错误，请改正。‎ Dear Henry，‎ I’m writing to invite you to the Chinese Traditional Culture Show to be hold at the Art Center in our school at ‎9 a．m. in Saturday morning.‎ This event aim to help more peoples learn about Chinese traditional culture. Whomever is interested in it is welcome to take part in.At the show, related books, pictures, videos and so on will be exhibited, through that vistors will not only understand Chinese traditional culture much well but definitely feel the unique beauty of it.‎ If you interested, please come and enjoy it.I’d be glad to offering any help.‎ Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：hold→held; 第二个in→on 第二句：aim→aims; peoples→people 第三句：Whomever→Whoever; 去掉第二个in 第四句：that→which; well→better 第五句：interested前加are 第六句：offering→offer ‎ 应用文写作常见8大文体(三)——推荐信 一、 ‎ 写作架构要规范 从推荐者的情况来分，可以分为自荐信和推荐信两种。具体写作结构为：‎ 二、 ‎ 靓点句式背一番 ‎(一)开头常用语 ‎1．I’m very pleased to learn that you are going to ...I’m writing this letter to offer my recommendation to you.‎ 得知你将……我很高兴，我写这封信是向你提供我的建议。‎ ‎2．Please allow me to introduce one of my best friends to you.‎ ‎ 请允许我向你介绍一位我最好的朋友。‎ ‎3．I am writing to introduce one of my college classmates in Beijing.‎ ‎ 我写信是要介绍一位我在北京时的大学同学。‎ ‎(二)主体部分常用语 ‎1．The reason why I recommend ...is that ...‎ 我推荐……的原因是……‎ ‎2．So I hold the belief that ...be(am/is/are) quite suitable for the post.‎ 所以我认为……很适合这个职位。‎ ‎(三)结尾常用语 ‎1．Thanks for your attention and hope to receive your reply. ‎ 多谢你的关注，希望能收到你的回复。‎ ‎2．I would be grateful if you could give her some help.‎ 如果你能给她提供一些帮助我将不胜感激。‎ ‎3．I’ll be more than happy if you can take my suggestions/ideas into consideration.‎ 如果你能考虑我的建议/想法，我会非常高兴。‎ 三、 ‎ 润色完善很关键 ‎(2018·济宁模拟)假定你是李华，你看到“悦读网”(Enjoyreading)正在举行“‎ 百日阅读汉语经典”活动，要求参加者在网上连续阅读一百天，每天至少半小时，完成后该网站免费赠送书籍。请给你的留学生朋友Henry写一封推荐信，推荐该活动。内容包括：‎ ‎1．介绍该活动；‎ ‎2．推荐该活动；‎ ‎3．推荐理由(至少两条)。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (一)准审题、准表达保基本分 定体裁 推荐信 定人称 第一、三人称为主 定时态 一般现在时和一般将来时为主 定要点 定结构 开头：写信目的(推荐活动) ‎ 主体：推荐活动内容(活动介绍)‎ 结尾：表达心情(推荐理由)‎ ‎[中档作文]‎ Dear Henry，‎ I know you are fond of classical Chinese literature, so I’m writing to recommend an online reading activity to you❶.The details are as follows.‎ The activity is organized by Enjoyreading❷.Its aim is to encourage teenagers to read more classical books❸.The participants are required to save❹ at least half an hour every day to read the selected classical works online for 100 days. Whoever has finished❺ the task will get❻ some books free of charge.‎ I do hope you can take part in❼ the activity.You can broaden your horizons and promote your understanding of Chinese culture❽.Besides, as it may be challenging❾， it helps you form a good reading habit.It is of great benefit to you in the long run.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎(二)巧润色、大升级创高分 ‎(请根据括号内要求升级上面的中档作文)‎ Dear Henry，‎ ‎(1)Knowing you are fond of classical Chinese literature (升级句❶为非谓语动词作状语),‎ ‎ I’m writing to recommend an online reading activity to you.The details are as follows.‎ The activity (2)whose aim is to encourage teenagers to read more classical books (合并升级句❷❸为定语从句) is organized by Enjoyreading.The participants are required to (3)set aside (词汇升级❹) at least half an hour every day to read the selected classical works online for 100 days.Whoever has (4)fulfilled (词汇升级❺) the task will (5)be rewarded with (词汇升级❻) some books free of charge.‎ I do hope you can (6)participate in (词汇升级❼) the activity. (7)Not only can you broaden your horizons but also promote your understanding of Chinese culture (升级句❽为倒装句)．Besides, (8)challenging as it may be (升级句❾为倒装句), it helps you form a good reading habit, (9)which is of great benefit to you in the long run (升级句为定语从句)．‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 四、 ‎ ‎“一题两用”错不犯 下文是根据上面的题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中共有10处语言错误，请改正。‎ Dear Henry，‎ Knowing that you show great interests in classical Chinese literature, I am more than delighted to recommend to you an online reading activity organizing by Enjoyreading.‎ The participants required to set aside at least half a hour every day to read the selected classic works online for 100 days continuously. Those that have fulfilled the task will be rewarded with some books for free of charge.‎ In my view, this reading activity suit you fine.First, readers will get access to a widely range of excellent works.Beside, challenging as it may be, it helps the readers form a good reading habit.I do hope you will give it a think.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：interests→interest; organizing→organized 第二句：required前加are; a→an 第三句：that→who; 去掉for 第四句：suit→suits 第五句：widely→wide 第六句：Beside→Besides 第七句：think→thought ‎ 应用文写作常见8大文体(四)——建议信 一、 ‎ 写作架构要规范 建议信是生活中常见的一种文体，是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议或忠告。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确，具有合理性和说服力。‎ 具体写作步骤一般是“三段式”，通常以firstly, secondly, thirdly或to begin/start with, then, later, last but not least 等依次陈述建议。具体写作结构为：‎ 二、 ‎ 靓点句式背一番 ‎(一)开头常用语 ‎1．I know you have trouble in ...after reading your letter. I am writing to give you some suggestions/offer you some advice. ‎ 在读了你的信后，我知道你在……上有困难。我写这封信的目的是给你一些建议/忠告。‎ ‎2．You’ve asked me for advice with regard to/regarding ...and I’ll try to make some useful suggestions here. ‎ 关于……你向我征求建议，在此，我尽力提出一些有用的建议。‎ ‎(二)主体部分常用语 ‎1．The following are my suggestions./My suggestions are as follows.‎ 我的建议如下。‎ ‎2．In my opinion/Personally/As far as I’m concerned, it would be wise to take the following action. ‎ 在我看来，采取如下行动是明智的。‎ ‎3．I think it would be more beneficial if you could ...‎ 我认为如果你能……可能会更有利。‎ ‎(三)结尾常用语 ‎1．I hope you will find these suggestions helpful./I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you.‎ 我希望你会发现这些建议有帮助。/我希望我的建议对你有益。‎ ‎2．I believe you will take my advice into account/consideration seriously.‎ 我相信你会认真考虑我的建议的。‎ 三、 ‎ 润色完善很关键 ‎(2018·南昌模拟)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom想在他的学校以“Chinese poetry”为主题举办一系列活动，他写信向你求助，请给他回信，提供至少两条建议。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (一)准审题、准表达保基本分 定体裁 建议信 定人称 第一、二人称为主 定时态 一般现在时为主 定要点 定结构 开头：点明建议的主题 主体：说明建议的内容(如何介绍中国诗词、阅读诗词、自己写诗)‎ 结尾：表达愿望，并期待对方尽早回复 ‎[中档作文]‎ Dear Tom，‎ I’m very glad❶ to hear that you are planning to hold activities about Chinese poetry.I’m writing to give you some advice❷.It is to make the activity more meaningful and unforgettable❸. My suggestions are as follows.‎ First❹， you’d better introduce the history of Chinese poetry briefly❺.It dates from ancient times❻.Then❼， you can share the different❽ forms of poems with students.As far as I’m concerned, it is a good idea to call on English speakers to read more Tang Poetry and Song Ci❾.They are very popular among English speakers.Finally， it’s recommended that students write some poems by themselves.‎ I’d appreciate it if you can take my suggestions into account.Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎(二)巧润色、大升级创高分 ‎(请根据括号内要求升级上面的中档作文)‎ Dear Tom，‎ I’m (1)more than delighted (词汇升级❶) to hear that you are planning to hold activities about Chinese poetry.I’m writing to give you some advice (2)on how to make the activity more meaningful and unforgettable (❷❸合并升级为“疑问词＋to do”结构)．My suggestions are as follows.‎ ‎(3)To start/begin with (词汇升级❹), you’d better introduce the history of Chinese poetry (4)dating from ancient times briefly (❺❻合并升级为非谓语动词作定语)．(5)In ‎ addition (词汇升级❼), you can share the (6)various (词汇升级❽) forms of poems with students.As far as I’m concerned, it is a good idea to call on English speakers to read more Tang Poetry and Song Ci, (7)which are very popular among them (❾合并升级为定语从句)．(8)Last but not least (词汇升级), it’s recommended that students write some poems by themselves.‎ I’d appreciate it if you can take my suggestions into account.Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 四、 ‎ ‎“一题两用”错不犯 下文是根据上面的题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中共有10处语言错误，请改正。‎ Dear Tom，‎ I’m so glad to hear that you are planning to hold activities about Chinese poetry.To make it more meaningfully and unforgettable, here is some advices.‎ To begin with, you’d better introduce the history of Chinese poetry which dated from ancient times briefly. Then you can share the different forms of poems for students.Taken Tang Poetry and Song Ci for an example, they are very popular among English speakers.Eventually, since poems can convey certain emotions, it’s a good idea to let the students feel it by reading some poems.It’s also recommended that every student writes some poems their own.‎ I hope you’ll find these suggestions helpful and wish you succeed.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第二句：meaningfully→meaningful; advices→advice 第三句：dated→dates 第四句：for→with 第五句：Taken→Take; 去掉an 第六句：feel后的it→them 第七句：writes→write; their前加of 第八句：succeed→success ‎ 应用文写作常见8大文体(五)——申请信 一、 ‎ 写作架构要规范 申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、留学申请等。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示，写作时除应注意格式上的要求外，也应注意审题全面，不能遗漏要点。具体写作结构为：‎ 二、 ‎ 靓点句式背一番 ‎(一)开头常用语 ‎1．I learned on your website that ...‎ 我从你们的网站上得知……‎ ‎2．I’m writing to apply for the job/post/position as ...‎ 我写信申请……的工作/职位。‎ ‎3．I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for ...‎ 我写信推荐自己为……的合格人选。‎ ‎(二)主体部分常用语 ‎1．As an outgoing ...I get along well with my classmates. ‎ 作为一名外向的……我和同学们相处得很好。‎ ‎2．For one thing, I can help ...For another, I can improve my English, make more friends, and enrich my life.‎ 一方面，我能帮助……另一方面，我能提高我的英语水平，结交更多的朋友，丰富我的生活。‎ ‎3．I am confident that I’m suitable for .../I’m qualified to do .../I’m equal to (doing) sth.‎ 我确信，我适合……/我有做……的资格/我能胜任(做)……‎ ‎(三)结尾常用语 ‎1．I would greatly appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.‎ 如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎2．Should you offer me an interview, I would be most grateful. Look forward to your reply soon.‎ 如果您能给我提供面试机会，我将非常感激。期待您的早日答复。‎ 三、 ‎ 润色完善很关键 ‎(2018·银川一中二模)‎ ‎ 假定你是新华中学的学生李华，学校将要选拔一些学生作为交换生到英国进行为期两个月的学习，你非常想得到这次交流学习的机会。请你根据以下提示给校长写一封申请信。要点如下：‎ ‎1．父母优势；‎ ‎2．个人优势；‎ ‎3．表达愿望。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Mr.President，‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎(一)准审题、准表达保基本分 定体裁 申请信 定人称 第一人称为主 定时态 一般现在时为主 定要点 定结构 开头：自我介绍及写信目的(申请到英国学习) ‎ 主体：优势(父母支持、个人的英语水平等)‎ 结尾：表达期盼回复的心情 ‎[中档作文]‎ Dear Mr.President，‎ I’m Li Hua❶.I’m a high school student of Xinhua Middle School❷.I’m writing to apply to study in the UK as an exchange student for two months.Undoubtedly❸，I’m eager to apply for the chance to study abroad.‎ To begin with, my parents are in support of me.❹Studying abroad can broaden my view.Besides, they can afford all the expenses there.❺I learn English well❻ and it enables me to have no difficulty communicating with students from other countries❼.❽I am outgoing and able to get on well with others.‎ I would be grateful if you can consider❾ my application.Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua ‎(二)巧润色、大升级创高分 ‎(请根据括号内要求升级上面的中档作文)‎ Dear Mr. President，‎ ‎(1)I’m Li Hua, a high school student of Xinhua Middle School (合并升级❶❷句为名词短语作同位语)．I’m writing to apply to study in the UK as an exchange student for two months.(2)There is no doubt that (升级词汇❸为同位语从句) I’m eager to apply for the chance to study abroad.‎ To begin with, my parents are in support of me.(3)As far as they are concerned (❹前加过渡词汇) studying abroad can broaden my view.Besides, they can afford all the expenses there.(4)For one thing (❺前加过渡词汇), I (5)have a good command of English (词汇升级❻), (6)enabling me to have no difficulty communicating with students from other countries (升级句❼为非谓语动词作状语)．(7)For another (❽前加过渡词汇), I am outgoing and able to get on well with others.‎ I would be grateful if you can (8)take my application into account/consideration (词汇升级❾)．Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 四、 ‎ ‎“一题两用”错不犯 下文是根据上面的题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中共有10处语言错误，请改正。‎ Dear Mr.President，‎ I’m more than delight to learn that some of us students will have an opportunity to study in the UK as exchange student for two months.I am desperate for it, but I’m writing to apply for the chance to study abroad.‎ In the first place, my parents strong support me for they hold the firm belief that studying abroad can broaden their horizons and they can afford all the expenses there.Secondly, have a good command of English enable me to communicate with others freely.I am outgoing and helpful，which makes easy for me to adjust for the new surroundings as well as fit in well with foreigners.‎ I’d appreciate it if you could give consideration to my application.Looking forward to you approval.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：delight→delighted; student→students 第二句：but→so 第三句：strong→strongly; their→my 第四句：have→having; enable→enables 第五句：makes后加it; 第二个for→to 第七句：you→your ‎ 应用文写作常见8大文体(六)——祝贺信 一、 ‎ 写作架构要规范 祝贺信是一种向收信人表示祝贺的信件，一般用于对收信人有什么喜事或取得了什么成绩，如婚姻、节日、寿诞、毕业等的祝贺。具体写作结构为：‎ 二、 ‎ 靓点句式背一番 ‎(一)开头常用语 ‎1．I want to congratulate you with all my heart.‎ 我想向你致以最诚挚的祝贺。‎ ‎2．Congratulations on your winning first prize in the ...contest.‎ 祝贺你在……比赛中获得一等奖。‎ ‎3．You don’t know how excited and happy we felt at the news of ...We are proud of your achievement.‎ 得知……的消息，你不知道我们有多激动、多开心。我们为你取得的成就而自豪！‎ ‎(二)主体部分常用语 ‎1．I have been watching your progress with admiration all the years, and I know more than anyone else how much effort you have put in.‎ 这些年来，我一直钦佩地注视着你的进步，我比任何人都知道你付出了多大的努力。‎ ‎2．I am delighted that the three years of your effort has been rewarded in this way. ‎ 我很高兴你三年的努力得到了这样的回报。‎ ‎3．It is obvious that you will have a promising future.‎ 很显然，你将会有一个充满希望的未来。‎ ‎(三)结尾常用语 ‎1．Wish you good luck and success in the coming ...‎ 祝你在接下来的……中有好运并取得成功。‎ ‎2．I hope you can make every effort to realize your dream.‎ 我希望你尽一切努力实现你的梦想。‎ 三、 ‎ 润色完善很关键 ‎(2018·潍坊三模)假定你是李华，得知你的英国好友Tom通过了来华支教的申请，将于今年七月到边远地区教学。请根据下面的提示给他写一封祝贺信：‎ ‎1．表示祝贺；‎ ‎2．分析可能遇到的挑战；‎ ‎3．告知提前了解当地的风俗习惯。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (一)准审题、准表达保基本分 定体裁 祝贺信 定人称 第二人称为主 定时态 一般现在时和一般将来时为主 定要点 定结构 开头：祝贺事由(通过了来华支教申请) ‎ 主体：面临的挑战(天气、学生基础、与人交流)‎ 结尾：个人建议(了解当地风俗)；表达祝愿 ‎[中档作文]‎ Dear Tom，‎ Congratulations to you❶！ You have passed your application to be a volunteer teacher for rural areas❷.I’m more than delighted to learn you will come to China this July.I’m writing to tell you some relevant details.‎ There is no doubt that you will face❸ all kinds of❹ challenges during this time.Firstly, the weather there is totally different from the weather❺ of London.You must prepare for❻ the changeable weather in the mountainous area.Secondly, children there are poor in English❼.You will have difficulty in communicating with each other❽.‎ Besides, you should❾ learn more about local customs and manners in advance.It will help you adapt to the new surroundings.You will be able to do your work better only when you are well prepared.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎(二)巧润色、大升级创高分 ‎(请根据括号内要求升级上面的中档作文)‎ Dear Tom，‎ ‎(1)Congratulations to you for having passed your application to be a volunteer teacher for rural areas (合并句❶❷为一个简单句)．I’m more than delighted to learn you will come to China this July.I’m writing to tell you some relevant details.‎ There is no doubt that you will (2)be faced with (词汇升级❸) (3)varieties of (词汇升级❹) challenges during this time.Firstly, the weather there is totally different from (4)that (词汇替换❺) of London.You must (5)make preparations for (词汇升级❻) the changeable weather in the mountainous area.(6)Secondly, children there are so poor in English that you will have difficulty in communicating with each other. (合并句❼❽，升级为状语从句)‎ Besides, you (7)are supposed to (词汇升级❾) learn more about local customs and manners in advance, (8)which will help you adapt to the new surroundings (升级句为定语从句)．(9)Only when you are well prepared will you be able to do your work better (升级句为倒装句)．‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 四、 ‎ ‎“一题两用”错不犯 下文是根据上面的题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中共有10处语言错误，请改正。‎ Dear Tom，‎ Congratulations for you! I’m truly happy to learn that your application to be the volunteer teacher for rural areas has approved and you’ll come to China this July.‎ Since this is your first visit to China, and I would like to list several things relating.First, prepare for the changeable weather in the mountain area.Second, children there were poor in English.Third, you might not be accustomed to the local diet.‎ In addition, don’t forget to learn about local customs and manner in advance, what will help you fit in with the new surroundings.Only when you are well prepared will you be able to do your work good.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：for→to 第二句：the→a; has 后加been 第三句：去掉and; relating→related 第四句：mountain→mountainous 第五句：were→are 第七句：manner→manners; what→which 第八句：good→better ‎ 应用文写作常见8大文体(七)——倡议书 一、 ‎ 写作架构要规范 倡议书属于应用文的一种，是为倡议或是发起某项活动而写的号召性的公开提议性的专用文体。倡议书由标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款五部分组成。具体写作结构为：‎ 二、 ‎ 靓点句式背一番 ‎(一)开头常用语 ‎1．I think it is every citizen’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal.‎ 我认为通过努力工作来实现这个目标是每个公民的责任。‎ ‎2．Nowadays, people in many big cities are always complaining about the heavy traffic.‎ 现在，许多大城市的人们总在抱怨拥挤的交通。‎ ‎3．In order to build a “harmonious society”， I think we should try our best to do whatever we can.‎ 为了建设“和谐社会”，我认为我们应该尽最大努力做我们能做的事。‎ ‎(二)主体部分常用语 ‎1．We are supposed/required/expected to choose a healthy and environmentally friendly way of traveling, that is, bicycle riding. ‎ 我们应该选择一个既健康又环保的旅游方式，那就是骑自行车。‎ ‎2．In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.‎ 在我看来，我们应该努力培养健康的饮食习惯来强壮我们的体质。只有用这样的方法我们才能有足够的精力来更好的学习。‎ ‎(三)结尾常用语 ‎1．It is high time that we started/should start from ourselves and reduced/reduce traffic pressure by riding a bike.‎ 是我们从我们自身做起，通过骑自行车来减少交通压力的时候了。‎ ‎2．If everyone does one thing for our school, I believe we will turn our school into a better place to study and live in.‎ 如果每个人都为我们学校做一件事情，我相信我们会把学校变成一个更好的学习和生活的地方。‎ ‎3．As long as we work together, we can make the impossible possible.‎ 只要我们团结奋斗，就能把不可能变为可能。‎ 三、 ‎ 润色完善很关键 ‎ (2018·潍坊模拟)假定你是育才中学学生会主席李华。针对目前一些地方血库纷纷告急这一情况，请参照以下提示，用英文写一份倡议书，提倡无偿献血。‎ ‎1．社会上对献血的不同认识；‎ ‎2．指出献血的意义；‎ ‎3．开展相关活动。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ (一)准审题、准表达保基本分 定体裁 倡议书 定人称 第一人称为主 定时态 一般现在时为主 定要点 定结构 开头：倡议背景(对献血的不同认识) ‎ 主体：献血意义(救人、相互帮助)‎ 结尾：呼吁积极参与 ‎[中档作文]‎ Boys and girls，‎ It is reported that recently some blood banks in some areas are short of blood supplies❶‎ ‎. People’s opinions about donating blood are different❷ from person to person. Some people think it is a bad thing. They think so❸ because it may cause some illnesses. However, others insist on donating blood, because it could save others’ life.‎ As for me, I support❹the latter idea. The following are the reasons for my choice. First, when somebody may lack blood and almost lose his or her life, you will save one life if you donate blood in time. Second, we are all in the same family❺. We should help each other❻.‎ So some activities should be carried out to make people realize❼ the importance of donating blood.‎ The Students’ Union ‎(二)巧润色、大升级创高分 ‎(请根据括号内要求升级上面的中档作文)‎ Boys and girls，‎ ‎(1)Recently some blood banks in some areas are reported to be short of blood supplies (把句❶改为简单句). People’s opinions about donating blood (2)vary (词汇升级❷) from person to person. Some people think it is a bad thing. They (3) hold this opinion (词汇升级❸) because it may cause some illnesses. However, others insist on donating blood, because it could save others’ life.‎ As for me, I (4)am in favor of (词汇升级❹) the latter idea. The following are the reasons for my choice. First, when somebody may lack blood and almost lose his or her life, you will save one life if you donate blood in time. (5)Second, we are all in the same family, and we should help each other (合并句❺❻)．‎ So some activities should be carried out to make people (6)aware of (词汇升级❼) the importance of donating blood.‎ The Students’ Union 四、 ‎ ‎“一题两用”错不犯 下文是根据上面的题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中共有10处语言错误，请改正。‎ Boys and girls，‎ Recently some blood banks in some areas are reported to be short of blood supplies. Some people hold the wrong idea that donate blood does harm to the donators’ health, but we shouldn’t donate our blood to others.‎ But the truth is when a small amount of blood is taken out, the body will make an quick adjustment to work normally.Blood is important to patients, and without which much of them can’t survive. And to the youth in the new age, not only is donating blood for free a society responsibility, but also it show the spirit of cooperation and sharing.‎ We senior high school students should set a good example for other people. From now on, our school will hold a series of activity to tell people the benefits of donating blood.‎ The Students’ Union 答案：第二句：第一个donate→donating; but→so 第三句：第一个is后加that; an→a 第四句：去掉and或which→it; much→many 第五句：society→social; show→shows 第六句：for→to 第七句：activity→activities ‎ 应用文写作常见8大文体(八)——演讲稿 一、 ‎ 写作架构要规范 演讲稿包括发言稿、致辞、竞选稿等，该文体通常要有吸引力，明确发言的对象。演讲稿在语言使用上一定要准确简明、通俗易懂、层次清楚、条理分明。具体写作结构为：‎ 二、 ‎ 靓点句式背一番 ‎(一)开头常用语 ‎1．My name is ...Today I am very glad to have the opportunity to make this presentation. I shall be speaking about ...‎ 我是……今天很高兴能有机会做这个演讲。我演讲的内容是……‎ ‎2．Good morning, everyone! It is my great honor to share with you my opinions on ...‎ 大家上午好！很荣幸能和你们分享一下关于……我的看法。‎ ‎3．It’s my honor to stand here and say something about friendship.‎ 我非常荣幸站在这里并谈谈关于友谊的话题。‎ ‎(二)主体部分常用语 ‎1．The topic of my speech today is ...‎ 我今天演讲的主题是……‎ ‎2．As far as I am concerned, I think it is a good idea to ...‎ 就我而言，我认为……是一个好主意。‎ ‎3．As is known to us all, failure is the mother of success, but few people can really understand what the saying means.‎ 众所周知，失败是成功之母，可是很少有人真正理解这句格言的真谛。‎ ‎(三)结尾常用语 ‎1．Thanks for your listening (to my speech)．‎ 感谢大家倾听(我的演讲)。‎ ‎2．That’s all I want to say about this point.‎ 关于这一点，我就讲这些。‎ 三、 ‎ 润色完善很关键 在成长的过程中，我们总是对未来从事的职业充满憧憬，你班将以“My dream career”为题举办演讲比赛。请你根据以下要求写一篇英语演讲稿，要点如下：‎ ‎1．你的理想职业；‎ ‎2．选择的理由；‎ ‎3．实现的途径。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3．可以根据内容要点适当发挥，以使行文连贯。‎ My dream career Good morning, everyone！　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Thank you for listening.‎ ‎(一)准审题、准表达保基本分 定体裁 演讲稿 定人称 第一人称为主 定时态 一般现在时为主 定要点 定结构 开头：演讲主题(理想职业) ‎ 主体：主题内容(选择的理由) ‎ 结尾：总结演讲(实现的途径)‎ ‎[中档作文]‎ My dream career Good morning, everyone! ‎ Today, please allow me to give you a speech on the career I will do❶ in the future.‎ ‎ Undoubtedly, I have great expectation for the future job as everyone present❷. And my dream career is to be a tourist guide. From my early age, I have been admiring a guide who travels everywhere❸. They share the knowledge of the local culture and customs and enjoy the brilliant landscapes at the same time❹. Also❺， it is a wellpaid job.‎ To be a good guide is no easy job. I can achieve the qualification and serve the people properly only by hard work❻.‎ Thank you for listening.‎ ‎(二)巧润色、大升级创高分 ‎(请根据括号内要求升级上面的中档作文)‎ My dream career Good morning, everyone!‎ ‎ Today, please allow me to give you a speech on the career I will (1)take up (词汇升级❶) in the future. (2)There is no doubt that I have great expectation for the future job as everyone present (把句❷升级为同位语从句). And my dream career is to be a tourist guide.(3) From my early age, I have been admiring a guide who travels everywhere, sharing the knowledge of the local culture and customs and enjoying the brilliant landscapes at the same time (把句❸❹合并升级为非谓语动词作状语). (4)In addition (词汇升级❺), it is a wellpaid job.‎ To be a good guide is no easy job. (5)Only by hard work can I achieve the qualification and serve the people properly (把句❻升级为倒装句式)．‎ Thank you for listening.‎ 四、 ‎ ‎“一题两用”错不犯 下文是根据上面的题目学生完成的一篇习作，文中共有10处语言错误，请改正。‎ My dream career Good morning, everyone!‎ I feel greatly honour to give you a speech on a career I will take up in the future. My dream career was to be a doctor. As a child, I hoped that I could grow up as soon as possibly so that I could devote myself to save lives. Not only doctors save people’s lives but also we are doing a respectable job. Doctors can also help people to live a better life with their professional knowledges. In addition, it’s a wellpaid job.‎ As far as I’m concerned, it is not easy to be a good doctor. It is only by hard work what I can achieve the qualification and serve for the people heart and soul.‎ Thank you for listening.‎ 答案：第二句：honour→honoured; 第二个a→the 第三句：was→is 第四句：possibly→possible; save→saving 第五句：only后加can; we→they 第六句：knowledges→knowledge 第九句：what→that; 去掉for 考前仿真适应性训练(一)‎ ‎(时间100分钟，满分120分)‎ 第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A In no particular order, here are some songs on the Music app of my phone：‎ On a Sunday Afternoon by Lighter Shade of Brown — A student of mine introduced this rap song to me all the way back in the early 1990s, when I was teaching Spanish at a local university. The story in the song takes place not too far from where I live in Los Angeles. It’s a good “driving” song, nothing complicated or “deep”．‎ Say Something by A Great Big World — A more recent song about a couple losing contact with each other. The piano part is of very little playing but beautiful.‎ American Pie by Don McLean — Another song from my youth in the 1980s, very popular with almost every American of my generation. It retells some of the key events of the middle 20th century, a song of happy memories of the past and wanting to return to those better times.‎ The Weight by The Band — Another old song, originally made public in 1968, but one I didn’t hear until I was in high school more than 10 years later. I don’t understand the words to the song completely, but the feeling of the song is very comforting to me.‎ Under the Bridge by Red Hot Chili Peppers — This Los Angeles group wrote a song that I used to listen to when I first moved to LA more than 25 years ago. I didn’t know anyone here when I first arrived. When I got bored, I used to drive up and down the major streets that cross the city from east to west, listening to this song about “the city of angels” being as “lonely as I am”. (Don’t worry! I have plenty of friends now.)‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在作者的手机音乐播放器中保存的几首歌曲的相关信息。‎ ‎21．What does the underlined word “deep” probably mean?‎ A．With skill.‎ B．With comfort.‎ C．With a normal meaning.‎ D．With a significant meaning.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“It’s a good ‘driving’ song, nothing complicated”可知，此处表示这首歌是一首说唱乐，适合驾车时听，含义不复杂，故可推知这首歌没有重大的意义，所以选D。‎ ‎22．When did the author probably hear The Weight by The Band?‎ A．In 1968.　　　　　　　 B．In 1970.‎ C．In the 1980s. D．In the 1990s.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The Weight by The Band ... more than 10 years later.”可知，这首歌于1968年发行，但是作者在十多年后才听到，所以作者有可能是在20世纪80年代听到这首歌的。‎ ‎23．When the author first moved to LA, the song he used to listen to was .‎ A．Say Something B．American Pie C．The Weight D．Under the Bridge 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Under the Bridge by Red Hot Chili Peppers — This Los Angeles group wrote a song that I used to listen to when I first moved to LA more than 25 years ago.”可知，作者最开始到洛杉矶时经常听的一首歌是Under the Bridge。‎ B Back in January, I was watching a college football game and came to a realization: As a high school senior, pretty soon, I’ll be the same age as some of the top athletes in the world.‎ This realization was both confusing and comforting. Until this point, I’d always thought of top athletes in another generation. I had no real connection to people in the news or playing sports on TV because they were so much older. But pretty soon, people of my age will be the ones dominating (支配) the news.‎ The comfort came in understanding that as I prepare to graduate from Sanford H. Calhoun High School in Merrick, I’m not that far off from entering the real world, and I will have a chance to make a name for myself.‎ Right now, I’m at the end of one of life stages, with many more to come. As seniors, many in my class developed superiority complexes. We’d see babyfaced ninthgraders and think, “Ugh, those annoying freshmen.” Or we’d hear juniors complain about starting the ‎ college application process and say to each other, “Those juniors have no idea what they’re talking about.” Of course, last year’s seniors said the same thing about last year’s juniors, repeating a timeless cycle.‎ Psychologist and author Thomas Armstrong writes that life is made up of 12 stages. He stresses that no stage is more important than another, and each has its own unique gifts. There is no highest point in life, no impressive ending when you are above everybody else. At the same time, there is no lowest point in life; at no point is a human worthless and below others. Just as an infant isn’t below everyone else, our elders aren’t above everyone else.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在观看足球比赛时意识到自己将和一些优秀的运动员同岁，并由此引发了其对高中生活和人生的感悟。‎ ‎24．What can we know about the author?‎ A．He’ll finish his high school studies about one year later.‎ B．Reflecting on the past is a part of his daily routine.‎ C．Football is a particular favorite with him.‎ D．He dreams of being an excellent athlete.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a high school senior”可知，作者是一名高中毕业班的学生，因此会在大约一年后完成自己的高中学业。故选A。‎ ‎25．Why did the author find his realization comforting?‎ A．The top athletes are the same age as him.‎ B．There is a possibility that he can be famous.‎ C．He will be admitted to his dream university.‎ D．He’s made full preparations for entering society.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“I will have a chance to make a name for myself”可知，作者觉得自己的感悟中令人欣慰的部分是他很快就会步入真正的世界，也将有机会让自己出名。make a name“出名，成名”。故选B。‎ ‎26．What does the underlined phrase “superiority complexes” in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A．A habit of making complaints.‎ B．A habit of following in others’ footsteps.‎ C．A feeling that you are better than others.‎ D．A feeling that others are unapproachable.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“We’d see babyfaced ninthgraders and think ... repeating a timeless cycle.”可知，该段主要讲的是作为毕业班的学生，作者的很多同学会在新生面前自以为是，或者嘲笑那些抱怨大学申请过程(复杂)的低年级学生，即高年级学生会在低年级学生面前产生一种优越感，故画线词的意思应为“优越感”。故选C。‎ ‎27．What message is conveyed in the last paragraph?‎ A．Life is meant to be lived and enjoyed.‎ B．Life is never smooth, full of ups and downs.‎ C．One should try to reach his greatest potential.‎ D．Everyone has their own value and position in life.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“at no point is a human worthless and below others. Just as an infant isn’t below everyone else, our elders aren’t above everyone else”可知，在任何时候人都是有价值的，不低于他人，亦不高于他人，即每个人在生活中都有自己的价值和位置。故选D。‎ C If you have ever found yourself looking for your keys, misplacing your cell phone or wanting to keep track of your bicycle or car, then the TrackR, a device (装置) that works with your smartphone created by a Californiabased company, is for you! At $29.95 each, not like the expensive GPS systems, or with TrackR Pack purchase deals, you can’t afford not to have one!‎ Install (安装) the free TrackR app on your smartphone.Connect the app to your device and then you are ready to go! Simply attach the TrackR to whatever you don’t want to lose.The entire process of setting it up only takes 5 minutes or less.‎ If you have the hard TrackR, you can just hide it under your car’s floor mat, in the trunk or somewhere it won’t be found if your car gets stolen.If you forget where you parked your car, take out your smartphone and open the TrackR app.Tap on the “lost item” icon on the screen and the app will tell you exactly where it is.‎ You can also attach it to your pet.Put it on their collar, and the problem of searching for them as they run off to nearby places will be over! Attach it to your keys and wallet, and never waste a minute searching the whole house for it.The affordable TrackR even comes with a doublesided adhesive (黏合剂) so you can stick it to your laptop or under your bike seat.Track down and punish the thieves who steal your expensive things!‎ The convenience and the ability to find actually any object means that the TrackR is one of the most useful articles that you’ll find for any price.However, the best thing it can give is peace of mind, and it doesn’t get any better than that.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款高科技定位追踪器——TrackR。‎ ‎28．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A．How the TrackR works.‎ B．The features of the TrackR.‎ C．Why the TrackR is invented.‎ D．The advantages of the TrackR.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段的内容尤其是“Install (安装) the free TrackR app”“Connect the app to your device”及“attach the TrackR to”可知，本段主要讲的是TrackR是如何工作的。故选A。‎ ‎29．What can the TrackR help people do?‎ A．Walk their pets nearby.‎ B．Recognize the thieves.‎ C．Seek their misplaced car.‎ D．Find them a parking place.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you forget where you parked your car, take out your smartphone and open the TrackR app ... the app will tell you exactly where it is.”可知，当你不记得自己把车停在哪里时，TrackR会告诉你它的准确位置。故选C。‎ ‎30．What can we infer about the TrackR?‎ A．It’s far from affordable.‎ B．It’s on sale worldwide.‎ C．It can be easily folded.‎ D．It’s small in size.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“hide it under your car’s floor mat”和第四段中的“Put it on their collar”“Attach it to your keys and wallet”“stick it to your laptop or under your bike seat”可知，你可以将TrackR放在汽车的垫子下面，系在宠物的颈圈上，附在钥匙上，放在钱包里，粘在笔记本电脑上或自行车座位下，由此可推知TrackR的尺寸应是很小的。故选D。‎ ‎31．What’s the best title for the text?‎ A．TrackR — no limits B．TrackR — no worries C．TrackR — your item protector D．TrackR — your financial manager 解析：选B　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款跟踪装置TrackR的相关内容，有了它，人们就不用担心丢东西了。故B项作本文标题最佳。‎ D Are you content with the shape of your nose? If not, the climate may be to blame, not your parents.‎ According to a recent study carried out by scientists from Pennsylvania State University, US, climate played a key role in shaping our noses.The findings were based on an examination of the size and shape of noses of 476 people from four regions — West Africa, East Asia, South Asia and Northern Europe, using 3D facial imaging technology.‎ ‎“People have thought for a long time the difference in nose shape among humans across the world may have arisen as a result of natural selection because of climate，” Arslan Zaidi, one of the lead authors of the study, told The Guardian.But while previous studies were based on measurements from human skulls, Zaidi and his team looked at nose shape itself.‎ The result showed that wider noses are more common in warm and humid climate, while narrower noses are more common in cold and dry climate.That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it, which is easier on our lungs.This, in turn, led to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator.‎ More studies are still needed to test the link between climate and nose shape, but Zaidi believes the current findings are valuable in understanding potential health issues.“As we become more of a global community, we are going to come across climate that we do not adapt to，” he told The Guardian.This means moving to a very different climate might increase the risk of breathing problems.‎ However, he added, “This may not be necessarily true for various reasons such as of modern medicine and the fact that our current climate is very different from what it used to be.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。研究表明人的鼻子的形状不只是由父母决定的，而且会受到生活地区气候的影响。‎ ‎32．From the passage we know most people from Singapore have noses.‎ A．wider B．narrower C．smaller D．larger 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，居住在温暖潮湿环境中的人的鼻子普遍更宽，而居住在寒冷干燥环境中的人的鼻子普遍更窄，又因新加坡在温暖湿润地区，故大部分新加坡人应该有着较宽的鼻子。‎ ‎33．Narrower noses are helpful to .‎ A．cool the air B．warm the air C．take in more oxygen D．dry the air 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages help to increase the moisture (潮湿) content of air and warm it, which is easier on our lungs.”可知狭窄的鼻孔能温暖进入鼻孔的空气。‎ ‎34．What can be learned about the study?‎ A．Zaidi’s team measured human skulls using 3D technology.‎ B．The shape of our noses is determined by our parents.‎ C．Nose shape helps people adapt to the environment.‎ D．It’s certain that people will suffer from more breathing problems.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后两句“That, Zaidi said, could be because narrower nasal passages ...to a gradual decrease in nose width in populations living far away from the equator.”可知鼻子的形状会慢慢改变来适应气候，故C项正确。‎ ‎35．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?‎ A．What factors shape noses?‎ B．How to make your nose attractive?‎ C．Nose shape causes breathing problems D．Climate shapes noses 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据全文，特别是从第一、二段的研究结果“the climate may be to blame, not your parents”“They found that climate played a key role in shaping our noses.”可知D项最恰当，即气候影响鼻子的形状。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Helicopter parenting refers to a style of parents who are over focused on their children.‎ ‎ 36 For example, it can increase feelings of love and acceptance.However, helicopter parenting may be harmful to children’s development in the following ways.‎ Decreased confidence and selfesteem (自尊)．The message the parents’ overinvolvement sends to kids is “my parents don’t trust me to do this on my own”． 37 ‎ Increased anxiety.A study from the University‎ of ‎Mary Washington has shown that overparenting is associated with higher levels of child anxiety and depression.‎ Undeveloped problemsolving skills.If parents are always there to clean up a child’s mess or prevent the problem in the first place, how does the child ever learn to deal with loss, disappointment, or failure？ 38 ‎ Strengthened sense of entitlement (权利)．Children who have always had their social, academic, and athletic lives adjusted by their parents to best fit their needs can become accustomed to always having their way and thus they develop a sense of entitlement.‎ ‎ 39 Parents who always tie shoes, clear plates, and pack lunches, even after children are able to do the tasks, prevent their children from mastering these life skills themselves.‎ So, parents should let children struggle, allow them to be disappointed, and when failure occurs, help them to work through it. 40 Remember: taking one step back from solving children’s problems will help build the independent, and selfconfident kids.‎ A．Weakened life skills.‎ B．Damaged life experiences.‎ C．And this distrust leads to a lack of confidence.‎ D．Helicopter parenting has many benefits for children.‎ E．Parents should also let children do tasks they are physically and mentally able to do.‎ F．Making your 3yearold’s bed sounds reasonable, while making your 13yearold’s bed doesn’t.‎ G．Studies found helicopter parenting can make children feel less able in dealing with the stresses of life on their own.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了“直升机”式子女养育法的缺点，并提出了一些正确的养育方法。‎ ‎36．选D　从空后所举的例子可以判断，此处讲的是“直升机”式子女养育法的优点。故选D项。‎ ‎37．选C　前一句讲到父母过度参与的做法给孩子发出的信号是：父母不相信我能够独立完成这件事情。C项“这样一种不信任会导致孩子缺少信心”符合语境。‎ ‎38．选G　本段主要讲“直升机”式子女养育法不利于培养孩子应对失落感、失败等的能力。故G项符合语境。‎ ‎39．选A　本段需要一个主题句，应当在A和B之间选择。A项呼应本段中的“prevent their children from mastering these life skills”，故选A项。‎ ‎40．选E　本段主要介绍正确的养育子女的方法，故选E项。‎ 第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ I always hear about brave people on social media. If bravery is as simple as showing 41 during a time of fear, I ‎42 a time when I had a scary experience.‎ My family had just arrived at our Christmas holiday house when the 43 came to drop off the keys and 44 us to watch out for wild rodents running around his house. My parents 45 and said they would 46 the situation if they appear. The thought of 47 something like a mouse 48 entered my mind. Besides, my father always came to my 49 if I needed him.‎ While my parents 50 our bags, I decided to watch a movie in my room. Everyone ‎ else was 51 so I had to take care of my brother. Halfway through the movie, I really needed to take a bathroom 52 so I stepped out of my room, leaving him alone in his baby bed. He disliked it, but I would only be 53 for a moment. “What’s the 54 that could happen？” I thought.‎ When I left the room, my brother began to cry 55 he usually did. However, his crying grew louder and more fearful, so I hurried back, and was greeted by an 56 furry visitor.‎ ‎“Dad！” I cried, “there is a rat in my room！”‎ ‎“Killing it！” he 57 .‎ ‎“But dad, I can’t.”‎ My mind 58 ； I was so frightened. The first thing I saw was an umbrella, so I 59 it. WACK! I began to hit the rat until it stopped moving.‎ My parents were 60 that I put my fears aside to protect my brother. That day, I felt brave.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为保护弟弟勇敢地把恐惧放在一边的故事。‎ ‎41．A.strength B．progress C．intelligence D．skill 解析：选A　如果在一段恐怖的时间内勇气如展示力量(strength)一样简单的话，“我”回忆起了“我”的一段可怕的经历。progress“进步”；intelligence“智慧”；skill“技巧”。‎ ‎42．A.waste B．recall C．spend D．appreciate 解析：选B　下文讲述“我”的一次可怕的经历，故这里用recall，表示“回忆起”。‎ ‎43．A.neighbor B．agent C．stranger D．owner 解析：选D　根据上文“我们一家人刚到我们的圣诞度假屋”和下文“来把钥匙交给我们”可知，这里应该是这个房子的主人(owner)。neighbor“邻居”；agent“代理人”；stranger“陌生人”。‎ ‎44．A.warn B．beg C．allow D．encourage 解析：选A　根据下文中的“watch out for”可知，这里用warn表示“警告”更符合文意。‎ ‎45．A.sighed B．nodded C．coughed D．shook 解析：选B　根据该空后的“并且说如果它们出现了，他们会处理(handle)这种情况”‎ 可知，“我”的父母点头表示理解，故用nodded。sigh“叹息”；cough“咳嗽”；shake“摇动”。‎ ‎46．A.ignore B．handle C．overcome D．challenge 解析：选B　参见上题解析。ignore“忽视”；overcome“克服”；challenge“向……挑战”。‎ ‎47．A.observing B．playing C．teasing D．killing 解析：选D　根据下文中的“Killing it！”可知，这里用killing照应下文。observe“观察”；play“玩”；tease“戏弄”。‎ ‎48．A.almost B．gradually C．never D．suddenly 解析：选D　这里用suddenly强调听到房东和父母的对话后，“我”突然产生的想法。almost“几乎”；gradually“渐渐地”；never“永不”。‎ ‎49．A.life B．hand C．mind D．aid 解析：选D　根据下文当“我”发现大老鼠出现在房间时，“我”立即向爸爸求助可以推知，此处表示“而且，如果我需要我父亲(帮助)，他总会来帮忙”。come to one’s aid表示“帮助某人”，符合语境。come to one’s mind“想起”。‎ ‎50．A.unpacked B．unfolded C．unlocked D．uncovered 解析：选A　根据上文可知，我们一家人刚住进这个房子，且根据常识，进去之后，要把包里的东西整理一下，故这里应用unpacked“打开(盒子、包、手提箱等)取出”。unfold“展开”；unlock“开锁”；uncover“揭开……的盖子”。‎ ‎51．A.occupied B．excited C．hurried D．frightened 解析：选A　根据该空后的“因此我不得不照看我弟弟”可知，此时其他人都在忙碌着。excited“兴奋的”；hurried“匆忙的”；frightened“害怕的”。occupied“忙于……的，从事……的”，符合语境。‎ ‎52．A.ride B．walk C．break D．chance 解析：选C　根据下文中的“so I stepped out of my room”可知，电影看到一半的时候，“我”需要上厕所。break“间歇，暂时休息”，符合语境。take a break“休息一会儿”为固定搭配。ride“旅程”；walk“步行”；chance“机会”。‎ ‎53．A.available B．brave C．lost D．gone 解析：选D　根据上文可知，此处表示“我只是离开一会儿”。gone表示“暂时不在的”，符合语境。available“可得到的”；brave“勇敢的”；lost“丢失的，迷路的”。‎ ‎54．A.least B．worst C．most D．best 解析：选B　作者只是离开一会，他认为不会发生什么不好的事，四个选项中只有worst符合语境。‎ ‎55．A.when B．if C．as D．until 解析：选C　根据上下文和常识可知，此处表示“在我离开房间时，我的弟弟像往常一样开始哭起来”。as表示“像……一样，如同”，引导方式状语从句，其他三个选项不能引导方式状语从句。‎ ‎56．A.unreasonable B．unexpected C．unconscious D．unqualified 解析：选B　根据下文可知， 一个出人意料的毛茸茸的来访者突然出现，故用unexpected“出人意料的”。unreasonable“不合理的”；unconscious“无意识的”；unqualified“不合格的，无资格的”。‎ ‎57．A.complained B．informed C．yelled D．signed 解析：选C　根据上文可知，“我”父亲没有和“我”在一个房间，且正在忙碌，再根据祈使句“Killing it！”可知，“我”的父亲应该是大声呼喊(yelled)。complain“抱怨”；inform“告知”；sign“示意”。‎ ‎58．A.froze B．broke C．wandered D．changed 解析：选A　根据下文中的“I was so frightened”可推知，“我”当时不知所措，故“我”的头脑因害怕而突然停止(froze)了。break“打破”；wander“开小差”；change“改变”。‎ ‎59．A.kicked B．handed C．seized D．threw 解析：选C　根据上文中的“我看见的第一件东西是伞”和下文中的“我开始打那只大老鼠”可知，此处表示“我抓起(seized)那把雨伞”。kick“踢”；hand“给”；throw“扔”。‎ ‎60．A.afraid B．awkward C．overjoyed D．proud 解析：选D　根据上下文内容可知，因为“我”无视恐惧，把大老鼠打死，保护了“我”‎ 的弟弟，所以“我”的父母为“我”感到自豪(proud)。afraid“害怕的”；awkward“令人尴尬的”；overjoyed意为“狂喜的”。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In many places like Britain and Italy, if you leave the house without your wallet, you’ll be in a tough situation all day. But in China, you can enjoy your day just ‎61 a smartphone.‎ The other day, I set out 62 (see) how far a phone would get me in the country’s capital. Admittedly, I was surprised to discover how 63 (convenience) it was.‎ I used my phone to call a taxi to meet my Chinese friend, Gu Yu, 64 would guide me to get around Beijing. We paid for breakfast by 65 (scan) a QR code on the window of a restaurant selling jianbing, one of China’s most popular street breakfasts. My purchase cost 6 yuan and 66 (take) just a few seconds. At a nearby coffee shop, 67 (it) owner scanned a QR code on my phone. As we sipped our coffee, Gu Yu paid her household water bill. She used the same simple process to pay other bills and even her rent. We also paid by phone for movie tickets, takeout food, shopping and for 68 (deliver)．‎ I have known from Gu Yu that from tiny street stands to large chains, 69 huge number of people accept mobile payment, 70 (most) through popular apps Alipay and WeChat.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了自己在中国和朋友一起用手机进行移动支付的经历，包括打车、吃饭、交各种费用、买票、购物等，不需要带钱包，只要带一部手机，就可以很愉快地度过一天。‎ ‎61．with　考查介词。此处指“用一部智能手机你可以愉快地度过一天”，所以填with，表示“用”。‎ ‎62．to see　考查非谓语动词。set out to do“打算/计划做”为固定用法。‎ ‎63．convenient　考查形容词。此处为how引导的宾语从句，空处在从句中作系动词was的表语，且前面有how修饰，故要用形容词。‎ ‎64．who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“my Chinese friend, Gu Yu”，指人，并且在从句中作主语，所以要用who。‎ ‎65．scanning　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词by可知，空处作介词的宾语，因此要用动名词scanning。‎ ‎66．took　考查动词的时态。根据上文时间状语“The other day”可知，空处叙述的是发生在过去的动作，故应用一般过去时，与cost并列作谓语，所以填took。‎ ‎67．its　考查代词。根据空前的地点状语“At a nearby coffee shop”可知，句子的主语是这家咖啡店的老板，因此要用形容词性物主代词its来作owner的定语。‎ ‎68．delivery　考查名词。根据空前的介词for可知，空处作介词的宾语，for delivery“送货”，为常用搭配，所以填delivery。‎ ‎69．a　考查冠词。a huge number of是固定短语，意思是“许多”，修饰可数名词复数。‎ ‎70．mostly　考查副词。空处作状语，修饰介词短语“through popular apps Alipay and WeChat”，所以要用mostly，意思是“主要地，通常，多半”。‎ 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ It is essential to take an useful summer vacation after the exam. There are many kinds of activity for us to take part. First, we can visit our relatives and friends or spend a happily time with our family. Second, seeing a film, listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be excited. Third, we should take more exercise to keep healthy. What’s more, we’d better to review what we had learned at school. Finally, it is necessary of us to do some housework, that can help our parents a lot. Above all, I hope all of us can have a pleasant vacation.‎ 答案：第一句：an→a 第二句：activity→activities; part后加in 第三句：happily→happy 第四句：hang→hanging; excited→exciting 第六句：去掉to; had→have 第七句：of→for; that→which 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ 假定你是李华，你校书法社将于本周末举行社团活动。作为书法社社长，你想邀请外教Mr. Smith来参加活动。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1．时间和地点；‎ ‎2．内容——听讲座并参加中国书法体验活动。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：书法calligraphy ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Mr. Smith，‎ I’m writing on behalf of our calligraphy club to invite you to come to the Student Activity Center for some activities with us from 2：00 p．m. to 5：00 p．m. this weekend.‎ Being an important part of traditional Chinese culture, calligraphy serves the purpose of conveying thoughts and showing the beauty of lines.‎ Not only is it a practical technique for writing Chinese characters, but it’s a unique art form to purify our souls as well. You will enjoy a lecture about the Chinese calligraphy and appreciate masterpieces of some celebrities. After that, you will be exposed to some handson activities.‎ Hopefully, you will be able to feel the beauty and power of Chinese calligraphy. Looking forward to your reply!‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 考前仿真适应性训练(二)‎ ‎(时间100分钟，满分120分)‎ 第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Life Coaching Courses Life coaching courses are perfect for individuals with excellent interpersonal skills and are willing to help people achieve their goals. The role of a Life Coach is to provide support and guidance for people looking forward to changing or improving a certain aspect of their life. This can be emotional or healthrelated and, in the overall sense, it can mean total life support and life coaching.‎ Life coaching courses available through NCC are below：‎ Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Diploma This qualityassured diploma in Emotional Freedom Technique is a form of emotional and psychological acupressure (指压), which makes use of a simple tapping routine coupled with statements made by the client (客户) to express how they feel about the problem in hand.‎ Price: WAS ￡ 550.00　NOW ￡ 440.00‎ Awarding Body: ABC Awards Average Duration (持续时间): 200 hours Course Support: 12 months access to the course Health Coaching Diploma The Health Coaching Level 3 Diploma course is appealing for those who wish to improve soft skills or the job that they already have. In addition, it is for those with a keen interest in health promotion.‎ Price: WAS ￡ 550.00　NOW ￡ 440.00‎ Awarding Body: ABC Awards Average Duration: 200 hours Course Support: 12 months access to the course ‎ Life Coaching Diploma The Life Coaching Diploma course aims to provide the learner with knowledge of how life coaching works and what a Life Coach does. It could be the beginning of a whole new life, not only for you, but for all your potential clients!‎ Price: WAS ￡ 408.00　NOW ￡ 326.40‎ Awarding Body: NCFE Certificate Average Duration: 200 hours Course Support: 12 months expert tutor support 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了人生教练的工作内容以及三种人生教练课程的相关信息。‎ ‎21．Who are life coaching courses intended for?‎ A．Those who have emotional needs.‎ B．Those who need a major life change.‎ C．Those who want to keep physical fitness.‎ D．Those who are good at socializing.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Life coaching courses are perfect ...help people achieve their goals.”可知，人生教练课程是为那些有极好的人际交往技巧的人设计的，并愿意帮助他们实现目标。故选D。‎ ‎22．What can people learn from the Life Coaching Diploma course?‎ A．The job of Life Coaches.‎ B．The history of life coaching.‎ C．The way to develop soft skills.‎ D．The meaning of job promotion.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Life Coaching Diploma部分中的“The Life Coaching ‎ Diploma course aims to ...what a Life Coach does.”可知，参加Life Coaching Diploma课程的人可以了解人生教练是做什么的，即了解其职业特征。故选A。‎ ‎23．What do these life coaching courses have in common?‎ A．The courses all last for 12 hours on average.‎ B．A 20% discount is offered for each course now.‎ C．All the courses are given by experts in that field.‎ D．All participants can get a diploma from ABC Awards.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文中给出的三种人生教练课程的价格信息“Price: WAS ￡ 550.00　NOW ￡ ‎440.00”‎“Price：WAS ￡ 550.00　NOW ￡ ‎440.00”‎“Price: WAS ￡ 408.00　NOW ￡ ‎326.40”‎可知，这三种课程的共同之处是每种课程目前的费用都打了八折。故选B。‎ B When I was a boy there were no smartphones, and our television only got one channel clearly.Still, I was never bored.The fields, hills, and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake.At the backside of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before.It was full of muddy tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides, but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.‎ I walked on and on for hours.I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear “Turn around and head back home”， but I was stubborn, so I walked on.There was still neither a car nor a house in sight.I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared.I didn’t want to end up trapped on this road, and I was worried that it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.‎ I continued to walk on with something growing inside of me.My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.I was almost in tears when I turned one last curve and saw something in the distance.It was a house that I recognized.I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.It was still over a mile away but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time.I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner.‎ I remembered this recently when I saw a sign that said “All roads lead home”．It is true.In life, all roads, no matter how they twist and turn, can lead us home again.What is important, though, is how we travel them.Are we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith? Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey? The choice is ours.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己童年时期的快乐时光，并通过童年时经历的一件事告诉我们：人生中最重要的是对待生活的态度。‎ ‎24．Why did the author hardly feel bored when he was young?‎ A．Because he could have fun in nature.‎ B．Because he could watch TV all day.‎ C．Because he had many friends.‎ D．Because he used to explore the old dirt road.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The fields, hills, and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.”可知，在童年时期，作者可以到大自然中尽情地玩耍，所以不会觉得无聊。‎ ‎25．How did the author feel when he was exploring the dirt road?‎ A．He thought he would be scolded by his parents.‎ B．He felt contradictory in mind.‎ C．He thought he would be trapped in the woods.‎ D．He was unconscious.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，在探险之初，作者虽想放弃，但还是选择了继续走下去；根据下文可知，作者虽然担心害怕，但仍然继续前行。由此可推知，在探险过程中他的内心是矛盾的。‎ ‎26．What does “something” probably mean in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Doubt.　　　　　　　 B．Hope.‎ C．Courage. D．Fear.‎ 解析：选D　代词指代题。根据第二段中的“I grew scared”及第三段中的“My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.”可推知，由于天越来越黑，作者一直未能找到回家的路，他的内心越来越恐惧。由此可推知，something在此指“恐惧”。故选D。‎ ‎27．What does the author mainly intend to tell us?‎ A．Always make choices on our own.‎ B．All roads lead home.‎ C．It’s our attitude that matters in our life.‎ D．Every effort is worthwhile.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“What is important, though, is how we travel ...a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey？”可知，作者想要告诉我们的是生活中态度才是重要的。‎ C David Rees runs a truly distinctive business.He charges customers $15 to sharpen their pencils to perfection, using a variety of tools.‎ I know what you’re thinking — is this a joke? The 39yearold gets asked that question a lot.To clarify everything, he even created a special section on his website telling everyone he’s actually providing a real service.‎ You can supply your own pencil or you can have Rees sharpen one of his own favorite ‎ 2B pencils.After that, he mails it to you in a display tube with the shavings in a separate bag, and an authentic certificate which just happens to mention the pencil is so sharp as to be a dangerous object.‎ To achieve the desired result, the master sharpener uses all kinds of tools, including general sandpaper, pocket knives and even a special $450 sharpening machine.“It depends on what the customer wants to use his/her pencil for，” he says.That determines the most appropriate pencilsharpening technique.Some customers buy pencils as inspirational symbols while others buy them because of their special memories of classic 2B pencils.‎ ‎$15 to have a pencil sharpened is a bit expensive though, right? You’re not the only one who feels that way, and David’s unique business has really angered lots of people, who talk of inequality in America, saying it is so insane for the wealthy to pay $15 to sharpen a pencil.But others will say, “This is just our urge to put an end to the welfare state because new ideas arise along with the business.”‎ David admits his trade is sort of unusual.But there are those who actually value his service, as is proven by the over 500 orders he has gotten.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一项为他人提供削铅笔的独特服务。‎ ‎28．How could David make money by sharpening pencils?‎ A．He invented new tools for the job.‎ B．He promoted his skill on his website.‎ C．He saved lots of time for other people.‎ D．He provided quality service for his customers.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“To achieve the desired result, the master sharpener uses ...even a special $450 sharpening machine.”可推知，主人公给客户提供高质量的削铅笔服务，故选D。‎ ‎29．From his words, we can infer that David Rees .‎ A．knows all kinds of pencil users B．provides personalized services C．values ideas behind the pencils D．always writes in pencil 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It depends on what the customer wants to use his/her pencil for”可知，主人公会给客户提供个性化的服务，故选B。‎ ‎30．What does the underlined word “insane” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A．Deliberate. B．Rewarding.‎ C．Unreasonable. D．Irresponsible.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“$15 to have a pencil sharpened is a bit ‎ expensive though, right？”，并结合第二段第一句“I know what you’re thinking — is this a joke？”可推知，此处的insane意为“十分愚蠢的，疯狂的”，C项与此意接近。deliberate“故意的”；rewarding“值得做的”；irresponsible“不负责任的”。‎ ‎31．What seems to be the author’s attitude to David Rees’ trade?‎ A．It’s a fancy service.‎ B．It has a good reputation.‎ C．It’s awfully expensive.‎ D．It wastes time and money.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据全文的整体内容可知，作者认为主人公所提供的削铅笔服务是与众不同的、别致的，故选A。‎ D Some people are so rude!‎ Who sends an email or a text message that just says “Thank you”？ Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on Google? Don’t these people realize that they’re wasting your time?‎ Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little politeness. But many social agreed standards just don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.‎ In texts, you don’t have to declare who you are or even say hello. Email, too, is slower than a text. Voice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect.‎ My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Exasperated, he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls. “Why are you leaving him voice mail？” my sister asked. “Just text him.”‎ In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask onceacceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business’s phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thankyou email.‎ How to handle these differing standards? Easy. Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thankyou message. Others, like me, want no reply.‎ The anthropologist (人类学家) Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here’s hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that timewasting forms of communication do.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了如今在智能手机时代，人们应该选择何种方式进行沟通。‎ ‎32．What does the underlined word “Exasperated” mean in the fifth paragraph?‎ A．Worried. B．Surprised.‎ C．Annoyed. D．Tired.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls”可知，作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满，由此可推知exasperated意思是“恼怒的，生气的”，故选C。‎ ‎33．Why didn’t the writer reply to his father?‎ A．He liked text messages better.‎ B．He enjoyed checking his voice mail.‎ C．He didn’t receive any voice mail messages.‎ D．He didn’t want to talk with his father.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“‘Why are you leaving him voice mail？’ my sister asked. ‘Just text him.’”可推知，作者不喜欢用语音信箱，更偏爱发短信，故选A。‎ ‎34．Which of the following does the writer agree to?‎ A．People needn’t learn from one another in traditional societies.‎ B．Dealing with voice mail should vary with each individual.‎ C．People needn’t turn to Google for help when in trouble.‎ D．Declaring who you are or saying hello in texts is necessary.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第七段的内容可推知，标准是变化的，处理方式应该因人而异，而不是一刀切，语音信箱的使用亦是如此，故选B。‎ ‎35．What’s the best title for this passage?‎ A．Nowadays: what should we do with text messages?‎ B．Nowadays: do you like leaving others a voice message?‎ C．Nowadays: what means should we use in communication?‎ D．Nowadays: do you need a thankyou message?‎ 解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据对文章内容的整体理解可知，第三段引入本文话题，最后两段点题总结，本文主要讨论的是如今(在智能手机时代)我们应该用何种方式沟通，故选C项。‎ 第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ If you’re a firsttime language learner, you know that emotional (情感的) ups and downs is a normal situation.When you understand a concept or begin to comprehend the language, you may experience feelings of excitement.However, those are often followed by moments of disappointment and discouragement, during which you might feel as if you will never master the concepts and attain the ability to understand and communicate effectively. 36 ‎ ‎•Learn vocabulary effectively.‎ Vocabulary is the most important part of communication.The more words you know, the more you can say and understand.The absolute best way to learn vocabulary is through the use of flash cards that you make yourself.Purchase a set of 3×5 index cards (索引卡片) and cut them in half. 37 As you learn more information about each word, e．g.plural forms of nouns and principle parts of verbs, you can add these to the cards.‎ ‎• 38 ‎ Research shows that language students learn more effectively and acquire more when they study frequently and for shorter periods of time than if they study infrequently for extended periods of time. 39 This means, doing a few homework exercises each day rather than doing all homework the night before they are due.‎ ‎•Practice language actively.‎ ‎ 40 Say vocabulary words out loud, read passages in the text aloud, do pronunciation activities orally and not just mentally.Write out the answers to activities rather than gliding through them in your mind.Read aloud entire sentences in an activity rather than just reading a fillin response.Transferring language from your mind to your mouth is a skill that requires a great deal of practice.‎ A．Break study time into smaller periods.‎ B．Then use flash cards as a learning tool.‎ C．Try to study each day, and several times a day.‎ D．The timetested approaches are effective in your learning.‎ E．Write a word on the front and its English definition on the back.‎ F．Whenever possible, speak the language aloud rather than reciting silently to yourself.‎ G．Below are some approaches that will relieve your potential frustration and help you succeed in language learning.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要为语言初学者提供了学习语言的三条建议。‎ ‎36．选G　根据上文提到的语言初学者会在学习语言的过程中遇到挫折，认为自己不可能掌握那些概念，也不能有效地进行交流的内容及下文给出的三条学习语言的建议可知，此处应填一个起承上启下作用的句子，故G项“‎ 下面是一些将缓解你潜在的挫折感，帮助你成功进行语言学习的方法”符合语境。‎ ‎37．选E　根据空后一句可知，当你学到更多有关每个单词的信息时，你可以把它们添加到卡片上，因此空处内容应涉及在卡片上记上某些东西，故E项“把单词写在卡片的正面，并把它的英语释义写在背面”符合语境。‎ ‎38．选A　根据本段内容可知，语言学习者把学习时间分成各个小段来频繁地学习比一次学习很长时间取得的效果要好，因此本段提供的学习方法应是把学习时间分成小段来进行学习，故A项符合语境。‎ ‎39．选C　根据空后一句可知，此处是在说每天应该做一些家庭作业而不是拖到最后一刻完成，故C项“试着每天都学习，并且一天学习多次”符合语境。‎ ‎40．选F　根据本段的小标题“Practice language actively.”可知，本段主要讲的是要积极地练习语言，故F项“只要有可能，大声地说出这门语言，而不是静静地背给自己听”符合语境。‎ 第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)‎ 第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ I was driving to the grocery store on a warm morning in May. I smiled as I watched the golden sunshine 41 off the leaves. It was such a 42 and heavenly time.‎ My calm was broken, 43 ， as I rounded a curve (拐弯处). A huge UHaul truck was coming my way several feet over the center line. I swerved as far onto the side of the road as I could to 44 it. It was followed by not one but two other UHaul trucks just as 45 . I wondered if all the stuff inside of them 46 the same person. I slowed down my car and waited for my heart rate to 47 . It was then that I ‎48 a selfstorage business along the side of the highway, building new units for all the people who couldn’t fit their 49 into their houses. I saw a(n) 50 couple carrying boxes into one of the units. It seemed 51 that a couple just out of their teens could already have too much stuff.‎ I lost my own 52 for owning stuff when a house fire in the middle of the night destroyed everything my family owned. The only thing I had left was the underwear I was wearing. Yet, our whole family had awakened 53 to escape. In the weeks that followed friends and family gave us a lot of stuff to get us back on our feet, but none of it seemed as 54 any more. What was important was seeing Mom’s smile, giving Nana a hug and a kiss, and watching Dad snooze (打盹) in his chair ‎55 a hard day’s work. What was important was the stuff of 56 ， not the stuff of this world. Since then I have tried to limit the things I would 57 .I didn’t want too much stuff to 58 my life. I wanted to only buy what I needed and to spend my days in learning, growing, and 59 my family and others.‎ I assumed that only by doing so could I make my 60 .‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述驾车途中的所见所感，联想到自己家中曾经的火灾事件对他自身观念的影响，由此阐述了自己的感受：世上最重要的东西不是物质占有量，而在于精神世界的丰富，只有这样人才能感到快乐。‎ ‎41．A.appreciating　　　　　 B．reflecting C．admiring D．releasing 解析：选B　根据“the golden sunshine 41 off the leaves”可知，此处意为“树叶反射出金色的阳光”。reflect“反射”符合语境。appreciate“感激，欣赏”；admire“钦佩，赞赏”；release“释放，发行”。‎ ‎42．A.refreshing B．delightful C．peaceful D．dynamic 解析：选C　根据上一句中的“smiled”和空后的“heavenly”及下文中的“calm”可知，作者当时的心情是平静愉快的，故peaceful符合语境。refreshing“使人精力充沛的”；delightful“讨人喜欢的，令人愉快的”；peaceful“平静的，宁静的”；dynamic“动力的，有活力的”。‎ ‎43．A.though B．too C．anyway D．instead 解析：选A　根据空前的“My calm was broken”可知，空处所在句与上文构成转折关系，故though“可是，不过”符合语境。too“太，也”；anyway“不管怎样，无论如何”；instead“相反”。‎ ‎44．A.miss B．reject C．ignore D．desert 解析：选A　根据上一句中的“truck was coming my way several feet over the center line”可知，作者尽量把车子往路边开来躲开卡车。miss“避开，躲开(不好或讨厌的事)”；reject“排斥，丢掉”；ignore“忽视，不理睬”；desert“遗弃，丢弃”。‎ ‎45．A.useful B．large C．new D．good 解析：选B　根据上文可知，一辆卡车越过了中心线几英尺向作者的方向驶来，结合语境可知，这辆大卡车后还跟着另外两辆同样大的(large)卡车，故选B。‎ ‎46．A.turned to B．referred to C．reacted to D．belonged to 解析：选D　根据语境可知，作者不知道三辆卡车上的东西是否属于(belonged to)同一个人。belong to“属于”符合语境。turn to“转向，求助于”；refer to“参考，提到”；react to “对……作出反应”。‎ ‎47．A.beat B．pulse C．accelerate D．follow 解析：选D　根据语境可知，作者放慢车速来平静心情调整心率。故follow“跟随，追赶”符合语境。beat“打败，拍打”；pulse“跳动，搏动”；accelerate“加速，增加”。‎ ‎48．A.noticed B．thought C．did D．established 解析：选A　该句中的“It was then that ...”是强调句型，意思是“就在那时……”。作者在平静心情时注意到路旁的一个自助存储公司。notice“注意到”；establish“建立，创办”。‎ ‎49．A.furniture B．boxes C．possessions D．materials 解析：选C　根据语境可知，这些设备是为那些无法把所有物(possessions)存储到自己的房子里的人而建的。possession“所有物，财产”符合语境。furniture“家具，设备”；material“材料”。‎ ‎50．A.old B．young C．middleaged D．small 解析：选B　根据下一句中的“a couple just out of their teens”可知，此处young “年轻的”符合语境。middleaged“中年的”。‎ ‎51．A.curious B．apparent C．certain D．obvious 解析：选A　根据该句中的“could already have too much stuff (可能已经拥有太多的东西)”可知，作者对此感到奇怪，故curious“奇怪的，好奇的”符合语境。apparent“显然的，表面上的”；certain“必然的，有把握的”；obvious“明显的，显然的”。‎ ‎52．A.hope B．talent C．faith D．taste 解析：选D　根据语境可知，夜半时分一场大火烧毁了作者家中的一切，因此作者不再有拥有(很多)东西的兴趣(taste)。taste“爱好，兴趣”符合语境。hope“希望”；talent“才能，天资”；faith“信仰，信念”。‎ ‎53．A.in return B．in turn C．in time D．in vain 解析：选C　根据空前的“had awakened”和空后的“escape”可知，作者全家及时(in time)醒来逃了出去。in return“作为回报”；in turn“反过来，轮流”；in vain“徒劳”。‎ ‎54．A.affordable B．significant C．beneficial D．practical 解析：选B　根据空后的“What was important was”和空前的“none of it”可知，空处所填词与important意思相同，故significant“重要的，有意义的”符合语境。affordable“买得起的”；beneficial“有益的”；practical“实用的”。‎ ‎55．A.before B．in C．after D．during 解析：选C　根据生活常识可知，父亲打盹应该是在一天的艰辛工作之后(after)。‎ ‎56．A.mind B．hand C．head D．soul 解析：选D　根据空前的“What was important was the stuff of”及空后的“not the stuff of this world”可知，空处所填词与“this world”形成对比，再结合上文内容可知，作者认为精神世界的丰富更为重要。soul“(人类整体的)精神状况”符合语境。mind“头脑，智力”。‎ ‎57．A.purchase B．donate C．waste D．need 解析：选A　根据上文中的“not the stuff of this world”可知，作者从此努力限制自己购买(purchase)东西的数量。下文中的“buy”亦是提示，故选A。donate“捐赠”；waste“浪费”；need“需要”。‎ ‎58．A.put up B．crowd up C．bring up D．set up 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示作者不想让太多的物品充斥自己的生活。crowd up符合语境。put up“张贴，搭建”；bring up“抚养，养育，提出”；set up“建立”。‎ ‎59．A.helping B．abusing C．loving D．affecting 解析：选C　根据空后的“my family and others”可以推断此处意为“爱我的家人和他人”，故选C。abuse“滥用”；affect“影响”。‎ ‎60．A.name B．day C．world D．way 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处表示只有这样做作者才能开心。make sb.’s day为固定用法，意为“使某人非常高兴”。‎ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In September, in Britain, you may see a lot of swallows. They are gathering together because, very soon, they will be flying south to much 61 (warm) lands, where they will find plenty of small flying insects on 62 they feed. There are no such insects about in Britain during the winter, as it is too cold 63 them.‎ The swallows settle, fly off, dash, and settle again. This they do many times, for they are ‎ making short practicing 64 (flight) in order to be fit for the long journey ahead of them.‎ Flocks of these 65 (migrate) birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly 66 (steady) for hundreds of miles before they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for many of them die in the 67 (storm) weather they meet with on the way.‎ In the spring of the following year they make the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They get 68 (settle) on the same barn or tree in the same district which they 69 (leave) the previous autumn.‎ Nobody knows exactly how these birds find their way there and back over such vast distance, but it has something 70 (do) with winds and air currents.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国燕子的迁徙。‎ ‎61．warmer　考查形容词的比较级。它们聚集到一起是因为不久之后它们将飞往南方比较温暖的地方。根据语境可知此处应用形容词的比较级。‎ ‎62．which　考查定语从句。在那里，它们会发现大量的小飞虫，它们以此为食物。根据语境及句型结构可知，此处应用on which引导定语从句，which代替上文提到的insects。‎ ‎63．for　考查介词。因为对它们来说，英国的冬天太冷了。此处用介词for表示“对……来说”。‎ ‎64．flights　考查名词复数。它们正在做短程的飞行训练。根据语境可知，此处飞行不止一次，所以应填名词的复数形式。‎ ‎65．migrating　考查非谓语动词。在秋天的时候，这些成群迁徙的鸟儿离开英国。根据句意可知，birds与动词migrate之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎66．steadily　考查副词。在它们到达非洲温暖的地方之前，它们要平稳地飞行数百英里。此处应用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎67．stormy　考查形容词。但是并不是所有的鸟儿都会到达那儿，因为途中有许多鸟儿在遇到的暴风雨天气中死去。根据空前的the以及空后的weather可知，此处修饰名词应用形容词。‎ ‎68．settled　考查被动语态。空处位于连系动词get后，应用过去分词形式，get settled意为“定居下来”。‎ ‎69．left　考查动词的时态。它们在同一地区相同的谷仓或树上定居下来，那是它们前一年秋天离开的地方。根据句意可知，此处“离开”是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎70．to do　考查固定短语。have something to do with ...意为“与……有关”，为固定短语。‎ 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ As teenagers, we should attach great important to reading.Reading can benefit from us teenagers a great deal.Firstly, reading improves our school grades.Secondly, reading helps us expanding our horizons.Thirdly, reading may contribute to finding solutions to their own problems.Finally, reading is a enjoyable experience.‎ It is strongly suggested that our spare time is made full use of read as much as possible.We teenagers should stay devoted to read what we are interested in.Besides, we should active participate in some activities that are related to reading, what we can not only get our knowledge enriched but also gain a lot of pleasure.‎ 答案：第一句：important→importance 第二句：去掉from 第四句：expanding→expand 第五句：their→our 第六句：a→an 第七句：第二个is→be; of后加to 第八句：read→reading 第九句：active→actively; what→where 第二节：书面表达(满分25分)‎ 假定你是李华，你将负责接待来自美国友好学校的师生。请你用英语写一篇欢迎词，内容包括：‎ ‎1．表示欢迎；‎ ‎2．介绍活动安排；‎ ‎3．表达相互交流的愿望。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文：‎ Ladies and gentlemen，‎ First on behalf of everyone in our school as well as myself, welcome your coming to our school. Here is the arrangement for your visit.‎ A welcome ceremony will be held in the school hall at ‎9 a．m., which will last for half an hour. Then I will show you around our school. After that, a basketball match is scheduled at 10 o’clock, which of course will strengthen the relationship between our two schools. After having a good lunch, cultural communication is strongly suggested in the afternoon, during which the two sides will share the treasures of each culture separately.‎ Everyone is expected to have a good time here.‎