2017高考英语（通用版）二轮文档讲义：专题1阅读理解-DOC

2017高考英语（通用版）二轮文档讲义：专题1阅读理解-DOC

专题一　阅读理解 阅读理解怎么考？‎ 篇数 篇长 题数 分数 用时 试题特点 ‎4篇 约350个单词 ‎15个 ‎30分 ‎30－35分钟 体裁各样；题材广泛。难易适中；区分度高 年份 试卷 体裁 题材 细节 理解 主旨 大意 推理 判断 词义 猜测 情感 态度 篇章 结构 ‎2016‎ 全国甲卷 A.应用文 B．记叙文 C．说明文 D．记叙文 广告宣传 个人故事 网站介绍 探险故事 ‎ 7‎ ‎ 1‎ ‎ 5‎ ‎ 2‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ 全国乙卷 A.应用文 B．议论文 C．记叙文 D．说明文 人物介绍 社会热点 个人故事 沉默的含义 ‎ 9‎ ‎1‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ 全国丙卷 A.应用文 B．记叙文 C．说明文 D．说明文 广告宣传 人物故事 苹果节 大众传媒 ‎8‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ 试题选项如何设？‎ Ⅰ.正确选项的命题方式和特征描述 命题方式 同义转换 有据推理 抽象概括 正话反说/反话正说 特 征 描 述 用不同的表达方式呈现原文内容。采用改变句子结构或替换原文关键词的方法，表达与原文相同或相近的意义。‎ 用合乎逻辑的推理和判断呈现原文隐含的意义、观点或结论。采用对原文提供的已知信息，如事实、论点、例证等依据做出合理判断，有效推导出未知的信息。‎ 用简明扼要的表达方式呈现原文内容。采用对原文中的具体事实进行抽象概括的方法，表达与原文内容相同或相近的意义。‎ 用恰恰相反的表达方式呈现原文内容。采用与原文相反的句式，如主动代替被动、否定代替肯定，反之亦然。或使用与原文相反的逻辑关系，如原文强调的是原因，而选项表达的是结果。‎ Ⅱ.错误选项的命题方式和陷阱特征 命题方式 答非所问 断章取义 无中生有 偷梁换柱 因果倒置 张冠李戴 以偏概全 过犹不及 陷 阱 特 征 提取原文中出现的原话或将原话加以改变设置成选项，但原话却不能回答题干所提出的问题，‎ 孤立地提取原文中的一句或几句话的意思，而不顾全篇文章的主旨或中心思想，‎ 所述内容或是凭空捏造的信息，或是生活常识，或是普遍接受的真理，但都脱离了原文，‎ 选项用了与原文相似的句子结构和大部分相同的词汇，却在不经意间对细微处做了些许改动，‎ 凡事有因才有果，有果必有因。选项混 选项所述内容弄错了事实和对象，把此人的事情或观点错加到彼人身上，或将此事物的特征错加到彼事物上。‎ 选项内容在原文中有提及，但只是细枝末节，不能代表全文的整体意思，犯了以局部代替整体，‎ 选项所述内容或对原文内容进行过度推理、概括，或对事情发生的范围过分扩大或缩小，‎ 也就是回答不是所问的内容。‎ 以致引起与原文意思不符或歪曲了原文所表达的意思。‎ 在文中找不到支持的依据。‎ 造成意义出现了差别。‎ 淆了事物间的因果关系，或将某一结果产生的原因作为结果，或将结果作为原因。‎ 用片面的观点看待整体问题的错误。‎ 或对某现象绝对肯定或否定。‎ ‎[真题例释]‎ ‎(2016·全国甲卷·B)Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”‎ A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.‎ Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.‎ Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside．I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare，“But I'm just not creative.”‎ ‎“Do you dream at night when you're asleep？”‎ ‎“Oh，sure.”‎ ‎“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That's pretty creative.Who does that for you？”‎ ‎“Nobody.I do it.”‎ ‎“Really—at night，when you're asleep？”‎ ‎“Sure.”‎ ‎“Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？”‎ ‎25．The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ．‎ A．know more about the students B．make the lessons more exciting C．raise the students' interest in art D．teach the students about toy design ‎26．What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?‎ A．He liked to help his teacher.‎ B．He preferred to study alone.‎ C．He was active in class.‎ D．He was imaginative.‎ ‎27．What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A．Mistake. B．Drawback.‎ C．Difficulty. D．Burden.‎ ‎28．Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?‎ A．To help them to see their creativity.‎ B．To find out about their sleeping habits.‎ C．To help them to improve their memory.‎ D．To find out about their ways of thinking.‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。作为一名教师，作者用一种玩具培养孩子们的创造性和动手能力，其中一个孩子的创造性引起了作者的注意。‎ ‎25．A　[设题方式为同义替换。题干中的in order to know more about the students与原文中的to find out something about my students为同一含义，故A为正确选项。B、C、D陷阱方式均为无中生有，文中没有提到使课堂程更令学生激动，也没有提到提高学生对艺术的兴趣，更没有提到教学生进行玩具设计。]‎ ‎26．D　[设题方式为有据推理。根据第三段中Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.可推知这个孩子很有想象力，故D为正确选项。A陷阱方式为断章取义，I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class只能表明他能够帮到我，而不能说明他喜欢帮助老师；B、C则是无中生有，文中没有提到他喜欢独自学习，也没有提到他在班上很活跃。]‎ ‎27．B　[设题方式为有据推理。根据下文“作者要冒着失去那些有不同思考风格的学生的风险”可推知，downside的含义应该是drawback“不利条件，‎ 缺点”，故B为正确选项。A、C、D陷阱方式均为偷梁换柱，虽然四个选项非常类似，但是所猜词的后面介绍的是这种方式的弊端，而不是“错误、困难或负担”。]‎ ‎28．A　[设题方式为有据推理。根据文中“白天在课堂上也试一试做梦，好吗？”可推知，作者让学生讲述他们的梦，是为了帮助学生看到自己的创造性，故A为正确选项。B、C、D陷阱方式均为无中生有，文中并没有说想弄清他们的睡眠习惯，没有提到想要提高他们的记忆力，也没有提到想要弄清他们的思维方式。]‎ ‎ ‎ 模式| 文章(段落)的五种结构 文章都是围绕一个中心点，通过一定的逻辑连接纽带，由恰当的段落组合而成。而段落也是围绕一个中心点，通过一定的逻辑连接纽带，由恰当的句子组合而成。文章或段落的写作风格、谋篇布局是不尽相同的。常见的文章(段落)结构有五种，阅读时明晰这些结构对把握文章(段落)的主旨大意，抓住特定的信息细节，理清上下文的逻辑关系，进行合理的推理判断会有非常大的帮助。‎ 结构 结构特征 ‎“总→分”结构 把最重要的内容，即中心主题句，放在文(段)首。作者先提出问题(论点)，随之用细节(论据)来支撑或发展主题句所表达的中心思想。但有时候主题句前可能有一句或几句引入的句子。‎ ‎“分→总”结构 中心主题句出现在文(段)尾，即表达细节的句子在前，概括性的句子居后。作者先列出细节(论据)，后归纳出主题(论点)。‎ ‎“分→总→分”结构 中心主题句出现在文章或段落的中间。作者先陈述细节(论据)，然后自然而然地引出主题(论点)，之后再用细节做进一步的支撑或发展。‎ ‎“总→分→总”结构 即首尾呼应的写作方法。作者先提出主题(论点)，随之用细节(论据)来支撑或发展主题，结尾处再次点出主题，‎ 前后表达主题的句子不是简单重复，后面的表达往往会有进一步的引申。‎ ‎“分→分→分”结构 文章或段落没有明确的中心主题句，主题句隐含在全文之中。读者要综合分析文章表达的所有细节以及文字之间的逻辑关系，归纳概括出主题句。‎ ‎[例1]　(2016·全国乙卷·D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.‎ Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other care－givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this ‎ understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ 本文为“总→分”结构，第一段为主题段，总体介绍沉默在不同的文化中有不同的含义。后面三段分别进行了介绍：第二段介绍了美国当地人、中国人和泰国人的沉默；第三段介绍了俄罗斯人、法国人、西班牙人以及墨西哥人等的沉默；第四段介绍了护士和其他护理人员对沉默的理解。‎ ‎[例2]　(2015·陕西高考·C)The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，full－sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shade－grown production to full－sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.‎ On a local level，the damage of the forest required by full－sun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种) that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Full－sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result，many species are quickly dying out.‎ On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for full－sun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffee－growing techniques are poisoning the water locally，and eventually the world's groundwater.‎ Both locally and globally，the continued spread of full－sun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygen－giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.‎ It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade－grown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.‎ 本文为“总→分→总”结构。第一段从整体上介绍 咖啡豆的新种植技术带来的危害，中间第二、三、四段详细介绍了具体的危害，最后一段介绍这种新的种植技术影响我们生活的各个层面，消费者要做出正确的选择。‎ ‎ ‎ 命题角度1| 细节理解题 事实认定 数学计算 顺序排列 图表鉴别 通过阅读，认定文中出现的who，what，when，where，which，how等具体事实信息。‎ 对文中所涉及的年代、年龄、数量、钱款等进行规整、计算、换算，得出试题所要求的答案。‎ 对文中所列举的事实、事项、事件等按照时间、空间或逻辑顺序的关系进行恰当排序。‎ 用图表代替具体事实，使文中的某些信息更直观、更形象地得以展现。‎ 解 题 技 巧 ‎(1)略读、跳读，锁定与问题相关的信息范围，定位相关的词语或句子。‎ ‎(2)读选项，理解各选项的意义，比较各选项的意义差别。‎ ‎(3)通过直接信息认定、同义替换对应，筛选出正确答案。‎ ‎(4)重点关注给出的例证、类比、顺序等重要信息点。‎ ‎[例1]　(2016·全国甲卷·A)‎ What's On?‎ Electric Underground ‎7．30pm—1.00am　Free at the Cyclops Theatre ‎ Do you know who's playing in your area? We're bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so，come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye，a successful record producer.He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.‎ Gee Whizz ‎8．30pm—10.30pm　Comedy at Kaleidoscope ‎ Come and see Gee Whizz perform.He's the funniest stand－up comedian on the comedy scene.This joyful show will please everyone，from the youngest to the oldest.Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks (快餐)．‎ Simon's Workshop ‎5．00pm—7.30pm　Wednesdays at Victoria Stage ‎ This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at every kind of comedy，and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.‎ Charlotte Stone ‎8．00pm—11.00pm　Pizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music；this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new bestselling CD，with James Pickering on the piano.The menu is Italian，with excellent meat and fresh fish，pizzas and pasta (面食)．Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day，and serves cocktails，coffee，beer，and white wine.‎ ‎1．Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?‎ A．Jules Skye. B．Gee Whizz.‎ C．Charlotte Stone. D．James Pickering.‎ ‎2．At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?‎ A．The Cyclops Theatre. B．Kaleidoscope.‎ C．Victoria Stage. D．Pizza World.‎ ‎3．What do we know about Simon's Workshop?‎ A．It requires membership status. B．It lasts three hours each time.‎ C．It is run by a comedy club. D．It is held every Wednesday.‎ ‎4．When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?‎ A．5.00pm—7.30pm. B．7.30pm—1.00am.‎ C．8.00pm—11.00pm. D．8.30pm—10.30pm.‎ ‎1.A　[细节理解题之事实认定。可采用定位的方法，‎ 锁定与问题相关的信息范围。通过把题干中的have your music produced与第一则广告中produce your music进行对比，可得知Jules Skye会提出一些建议来帮助你。]‎ ‎2．B　　[细节理解题之事实认定。可定位相关的句子，从而锁定与问题相关的信息范围。通过题干中的enjoy a good laugh与第二则广告中的make you laugh进行对比，把题干中people of different ages与广告中的everyone，from the youngest to the oldest进行对比可判定应为第二则广告的地点Kaleidoscope。]‎ ‎3．D　[细节理解题之事实认定。可通过直接信息认定，筛选出正确答案。从题干得知本题涉及第三则广告的相关信息，从5.00 pm－7.30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage可以判定，该活动每个星期三举办。]‎ ‎4．C　[细节理解题之事实认定。可通过直接信息认定，筛选出正确答案。从题干可知本题的信息来自最后一则广告，该广告开头就交代了时间：晚上8点到11点。]‎ ‎[例2]　(2015·四川高考·C·节选)Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would earn as much as ￡172，000 a year.‎ The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hours they are working，to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income￡30，000 more than the Prime Minister earns.‎ ‎38．How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?‎ A．￡30，000. B．￡142，000.‎ C．￡172，000. D．￡202，000.‎ B　[细节理解题之数字计算。可通过定位相关句子，锁定与问题相关的信息范围。根据文中的“they would earn as much as ￡172，000 a year”可以得知母亲们一年可赚￡172，000；而根据文中“This would make their yearly income ￡30，000 more than the Prime Minister earns.”可以得知她们比首相多赚￡30，000；把两者相减即可得出首相的年薪，也就是￡142，000。]‎ ‎ ‎ 命题角度2| 主旨大意题 确定标题 概括全文主题 概括段落大意 写作目的 标题是文章的题目，它不是主题，但限定主题的范围，可表达主题，是对主题的提炼和浓缩，表现形式多为短语，尤其是名词短语。‎ 主题是文章的中心思想，是作者所要表达的中心意思，有的直接出现在文中，有的需通过综合全文的内容概括归纳得出。‎ 段落大意是指段落的中心意思。文章常由多个段落组成，共同支撑全文主题，但每段又分述不同的意思，可通过归纳、演绎等方法概括得出。‎ 作者写文章的目的有三：to express one's feelings，attitude and ideas；to affect readers；to inform readers。可细分为to introduce，describe，explain，‎ inform，analyze，express，convey，argue，encourage，praise，criticize，advocate等。‎ 解 题 技 巧 ‎1.细读文章或段落的首句、中间句和尾句，主题往往就在这些地方出现。‎ ‎2．特别关注however，but等表示转折的信息词，主题很可能就在这类词的后面出现。‎ ‎3．表示结论性的信息词如so，thus，therefore等后面通常会出现主题句。‎ ‎4．对记叙文要会根据所述事件进行归纳概括，领会其寓意，总结出文章的主题。‎ ‎5．标题是对主题句的高度概括，用词更少，简明扼要，有时会用形象化的语句。‎ ‎[例1]　(2016·全国甲卷·C)Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.‎ Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place，hoping that the book will have an adventure，traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it．‎ Bruce Pederson，the managing director of BookCrossing，says，“The two things ‎ that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”‎ Members leave books on park benches and buses，in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.‎ People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E－mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.‎ BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟)．The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty－five countries.‎ ‎12．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Online Reading：A Virtual Tour B．Electronic Books：A New Trend C．A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D．A Website Links People through Books D　[主旨大意题之确定标题。通过文章首段和中间段判定。文章首段的第四句提到了BookCrossing这个网站，然后一直在介绍这个网站，可判定主旨大意与此网站有关。再结合第三段中的“the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”可知，此网站通过书的传递将人们联系了起来。]‎ ‎[例2]　(2016·北京高考·A) December　15，2014‎ Dear Alfred，‎ I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.‎ Growing up，I had people telling me I was too slow，though，with an IQ of 150＋at 17，I'm anything but stupid.The fact was that I was found to have ADHD (注意力缺陷多动障碍)．Anxious all the time，I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.‎ However，when something did interest me，I could become absorbed.In high school，I became curious about the computer，and built my first website.Moreover，I completed the senior course of Computer Basics，plus five relevant pre－college ‎ courses.‎ While I was exploring my curiosity，my disease got worse.I wanted to go to college after high school，but couldn't.So，I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.‎ Since then，I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics.Currently，I'm learning your Probability course.I have hundreds of printer paper，covered in self－written notes from your videos.This has given me a purpose.‎ Last year，I spent all my time looking for a job where，without dealing with the public，I could work alone，but still have a team to talk to.Luckily，I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead.I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession，without going to college，and be just as good as，if not better than，my competitors.‎ Thank you.You've given me hope that I can follow my heart.For the first time，I feel good about myself because I'm doing something，not because someone told me I was doing good.I feel whole.‎ This is why you're saving my life.‎ Yours，‎ Tanis ‎58．Tanis wrote this letter in order to ．‎ A．explain why she was interested in the computer B．share the ideas she had for her profession C．show how grateful she was to the center D．describe the courses she had taken so far C　[主旨大意题之写作目的。应细读文章的首段、中间段和尾段。作者在文章开头直接说明写信的目的：你的帮助对我的人生是多么重要；然后描述自己的病情，未了的大学梦，以及艾尔弗雷德开办的网站给作者带来的学习快乐，因此本文的写作目的是表明她对这个学习中心的感激。]‎ 命题角度3| 推理判断题 文章出处、读者对象 预测后文 隐含信息、言外之意 作者的观点、看法 通过归纳、演绎、类比等方式从已知信息中推出未知信息，由已言之意，推未言之意。‎ 通过对事件、景物、话语的深入分析推出作者含蓄、隐晦地表达出的观点或看法。‎ 通过对格式、结构、内容的分析，推出文章的出处、题材范围和阅读此文章的主要读者群。‎ 通过理解上文情节、事理的叙述，结合行文逻辑分析，推出文章后文要讲述的内容。‎ 解 题 技 巧 ‎1.推理判断要符合逻辑，在文中要有事实依据。‎ ‎2．学会read between the lines和read beyond the lines，透过字里行间，去推断隐含意义。‎ ‎3．利用归纳法、演绎法、类比法对文中的论据进行分析，从而推出论点和结论。‎ ‎4．整合信息，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由具体推抽象，由抽象推具体。‎ ‎[例1]　(2016·四川高考·B·节选)Our own experience working together on health，development，and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.‎ ‎27．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.‎ B．Much more progress will be made in the near future.‎ C．The work on health is the most valuable experience.‎ D．People's efforts have been materially rewarded.‎ A　[推理判断题之隐含信息、言外之意。根据文章最后一段的信息It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.可知，作者认为努力就有回报，最穷困的人在以后会改善生活。]‎ ‎[例2]　(2016·浙江高考·A·节选)The effects of gossip vary depending on the ‎ situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.‎ ‎45．What advice does the author give in the passage?‎ A．Never become a gossiper.‎ B．Stay away from gossipers.‎ C．Don't let gossip turn into lies.‎ D．Think twice before you gossip.‎ D　[推理判断题之作者的观点、看法。可透过字里行间去推断隐含意义。根据最后一段中的The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your‘juicy story’ might have.可推知，作者的建议是在你有想传播小道消息的欲望时，要三思而后行。]‎ ‎ ‎ 命题角度4| 词义猜测题 单词、短语的含义 单词表示的对象 句子的含义 代词的指代对象 根据上下文猜测单词或短语的含义。‎ 猜测单词(一般是名词)代表什么范畴的东西。‎ 根据上下文猜测某个句子的含义。‎ 根据上下文猜测代词it，they，that，these，those代指的人或物。‎ 解 题 技 巧 ‎1.利用针对性的解释，如定义、同位语、定语从句、重述等。‎ ‎2．利用标点符号，如破折号、冒号、分号、引号后面的内容或括号中的内容。‎ ‎3．利用文中列举的例子或给出的同义词、反义词等。‎ ‎4．根据内文逻辑关系，如并列、对比、因果关系等。‎ ‎5．根据构词法，如前缀、后缀、复合词等。‎ ‎[例1]　(2016·全国乙卷·C·节选)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier．Since March 2012，I've done 89 trips—of those，51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a ‎ donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we've got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.‎ ‎29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．provider B．delivery man C．collector D．medical doctor B　[词义猜测题之单词的含义。根据画线单词后的句子“I've done 89 trips—of those，51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box...”可知，“我”是一个运送干细胞的人。]‎ ‎[例2]　(2016·四川高考·C·节选)His black－and－white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self－supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，which brings with it not only necessary state welfare，but also alcoholism，betrayal and even suicide.‎ ‎31．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A．The modern French lifestyle.‎ B．The self－supporting hunting.‎ C．The uncivilized world.‎ D．The French Republic.‎ A　[词义猜测题之代词指代，可利用并列关系解题。with it与前面的with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic是并列关系，故it指代的是现代的法国的生活方式。句意：这些当地居民不得不兼顾他们传统的自给自足的狩猎生活方式和法兰西共和国带给他们的现代的生活方式，伴随这种生活方式的不仅仅有必不可少的国家福利，还有酗酒、背叛，甚至自杀。]‎ 命题角度5| 情感态度题 作者流露出的情感 作者所持有的态度、采用的语气 ‎“喜、怒、哀”为情感。作者在字里行间中会流露出某种情感，‎ ‎“赞、批、悯”‎ 读者要认真阅读、细心体会才能感知。‎ 为态度。作者对某种观点或现象的态度常表现为：积极、消极、客观；赞成、反对、中立。语气有：夸赞、怀疑、惊讶、讽刺等。‎ 解题技巧 ‎1.抓住文中的褒贬性词汇或语句，尤其是形容词和副词，可推断作者的情感态度。‎ ‎2．依据文章的文体可推断作者的态度，议论文、说明文中作者的态度一般为客观、中立。‎ ‎3．依据文章最后的“结论”可推断作者是赞成还是反对。‎ ‎[例1]　(2016·四川高考·C·节选)“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，”says Gin.“I've been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don't see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”‎ ‎30．What is Gin's attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?‎ A．Cautious. B．Doubtful.‎ C．Uninterested. D．Appreciative.‎ D　[情感态度题。从文中的have a special love for与keep firm friendships with 可知，Gin对这群土著居民有特殊的爱，他们之间有深厚的友谊。再从“I don't see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”可判定Gin认为这是一块自由的土地。由这些描述可知Gin欣赏这群土著居民的生活方式。]‎ ‎[例2]　(2016·北京高考·D·节选)‎ Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.However，now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence，during which many of today's students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.‎ For previous generations，college was a decisive break from parental control；guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades，however，continued connection with and dependence on family，thanks to cell phones，e－mail and social media，have increased significantly.Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.Instead of promoting ‎ the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility，universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.‎ ‎67．What's the author's attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?‎ A．Sympathetic. B．Disapproving.‎ C．Supportive. D．Neutral.‎ B　[情感态度题。第一段中作者提到大学期间应该让学生培养自主性，让他们向成年人的身份转变，但是如今的大学生没有肩负起成年人的职责；第二段中作者分析了原因，指出这是因为家长在孩子读大学之后还通过手机、邮件等方式帮助上大学的子女，结果，大学就成了与家庭一样的环境。由此可推知，作者对于这种现象是不赞成的。]‎ 类型1| 人物传记 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.人物最显著的性格、品德特征。‎ ‎2．人物的重大、有影响的经历。‎ ‎3．人物最杰出的功绩、贡献、成就。‎ ‎4．人物成长的时代背景。‎ ‎1.把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。‎ ‎2．理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及结果。‎ ‎3．感悟人物的情感和心理活动。‎ ‎(2016·全国乙卷·A)You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?‎ Jane Addams(1860－1935)‎ Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ Rachel Carson (1907－1964)‎ If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.‎ Sandra Day O'Connor (1930－present)‎ When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the U．S.Supreme Court.O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.‎ Rosa Parks (1913－2005)‎ On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil－rights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.‎ ‎21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?‎ A．Her social work.‎ B．Her teaching skills.‎ C．Her efforts to win a prize.‎ D．Her community background.‎ ‎22．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?‎ A．Her lack of proper training in law.‎ B．Her little work experience in court.‎ C．The discrimination against women.‎ D．The poor financial conditions.‎ ‎23．Who made a great contribution to the civil－rights movement in the U．S.?‎ A．Jane Addams.‎ B．Rachel Carson.‎ C．Sandra Day O'Connor.‎ D．Rosa Parks.‎ ‎24．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?‎ A．They are highly educated.‎ B．They are truly creative.‎ C．They are pioneers.‎ D．They are peace－lovers.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在不同领域做出杰出贡献的女性先驱。‎ 长难句解读：‎ If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.‎ 分析：本句为含有条件状语从句的复合句，使用了虚拟语气。‎ 翻译：如果不是Rachel Carson的话，今天的环保活动就可能不会存在。‎ ‎21．A　[细节理解题。根据Jane Addams下的第一句话“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams)”可知，在历史上，Jane Addams以她的社会工作而出名，故选A项。]‎ ‎22．C　[细节理解题。根据Sandra Day O'Connor下的第一句中“she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman”可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选C项。]‎ ‎23．D　[细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks下的“...it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil－rights movement.”可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选D项。]‎ ‎24．C　[推理判断题。通读全文可知文中提到的这几位女性都是不同领域的先驱，都在各自领域中做出了巨大贡献，故选C项。]‎ A ‎(2016·河南省六市第一次联考)‎ Did you know that Albert Einstein could not speak until he was four years old，and could not read until he was seven？His parents and teachers worried about his mental ability.‎ Beethoven's music teacher said about him, “As a composer(作曲家) he is hopeless.” What if this young boy had believed it?‎ When Thomas Edison was a young boy，his teachers said he was so stupid that he could never learn anything.He once said，“I remember I used to never be able to get along at school.I was always at the foot of my class...My father thought I was stupid，and I almost decided that I was a stupid person.”What if young Thomas had believed，what they said about him?‎ When the sculptor (雕刻家) Auguste Rodin was young，he had difficulty learning to read and write.Today，we may say he had a learning disability.His father said of him，“I have an idiot (白痴) for a son.” His uncle agreed.“He's uneducable，” he said.What if Rodin had doubted his ability?‎ Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper editor because he was thought to have no “good ideas”. Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher，“You can't sing.You have no voice at all.” And an editor told Louisa May Alcott that she was unable to write anything that would have popular appeal.‎ What if these people had listened and become discouraged? What would our world be without the music of Beethoven，the art of Rodin or the ideas of Albert Einstein and Walt Disney? As Oscar Levant once said，“It's not what you are but what you don't become that hurts.”‎ You have great potential.When you believe in all you can be，rather than all you cannot become，you will find your place on earth.‎ 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章列举了爱因斯坦、贝多芬、爱迪生等七个名人成功的故事，他们都曾得到别人较低的评价，但最终成功实现了自己的梦想；“相信自己”是他们成功的关键。‎ ‎1．How many successful people are mentioned as examples in the passage?‎ A．Six. B．Seven.‎ C．Eight. D．Nine.‎ B　[细节理解题。文章第一段列举了爱因斯坦的故事，第二段讲述了贝多芬的故事，第三段提到了爱迪生的故事，第四段讲述了奥古斯特·罗丹的故事，第五段提及了沃特·迪士尼、恩里科·卡鲁索、路易莎·梅·阿尔科特的故事，共列举了七个著名人物，故B项正确。]‎ ‎2．Which of the following statements is right?‎ A．When he was young，Thomas Edison always got good grades at school.‎ B．Levant thought Louisa May Alcott couldn't write any popular works.‎ C．Only Auguste Rodin's uncle regarded him a boy of learning ability.‎ D．Both Enrico Caruso and Beethoven achieved their dreams in music.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句、第五段的第二句及第六段的第二句可推知，贝多芬和恩里科·卡鲁索都实现了他们的音乐梦想，故D项正确。]‎ ‎3．What's the meaning of the underlined sentence “He's uneducable”？‎ A．He can't be taught.‎ B．He is very clever.‎ C．He is different.‎ D．He is a late success.‎ A　[句意理解题。根据第四段他的父亲和他的叔叔对他的评价“I have an idiot(白痴)for a son”“His uncle agreed”可知，他们都认为他是白痴；据此可以推断，该句意为“他是教不会的”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎4．What is the best title of the passage?‎ A．Working Hard for Success B．Having Dreams C．Believing in Yourself D．Self－challenging C　[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文前五段列举了七个名人，他们的共同点是都曾得到别人较低的评价，后来却成功实现了自己的梦想；本文的最后一句“When you believe in all you can be，rather than all you cannot become，you will find your place on earth”为本文的主题句，据此可以推断，C项“相信自己”最适合做本文标题。] ‎ ‎【导学号：90892000】‎ B ‎(2016·南昌市十校第二次模拟)‎ Matthew Youlden speaks nine languages fluently and understands more than a dozen more.He's what is known as a polyglot.He also studies the development of minority languages.But he's more than a polyglot.He not only uses the languages fluently，but also knows about the culture of the languages very well.He can talk to native speakers comfortably in their own languages.‎ Matthew, who is from Manchester, England, is a language chameleon: Germans think he's German! Spaniards think he's Spanish and Brazilians think he's Portuguese.‎ By his own account，Matthew has mastered a surprising number of languages by using abilities that we all possess：determination，enthusiasm and open－mindedness.‎ If your classic polyglot is someone who studies languages full－time，then Matthew is quite different.His study doesn't keep him in an ivory tower; it connects him with people all over the world.‎ According to Matthew，the more languages you speak，the more points of view you have.He thinks each language has a certain way of seeing the world.If you speak one language，then you have a different way of analyzing and seeing the world than the speaker of another language does.Even if they're really closely－related languages such as Spanish and Portuguese，they are at the same time two different worlds— two different attitudes.‎ He said，“Therefore，having learned other languages and been surrounded by other languages，I couldn't possibly choose only one language because it would mean really giving up the possibility to be able to see the world in a different way.So the monolingual(只说一种语言的) lifestyle，for me，is the saddest，the loneliest，and the most boring way of seeing the world.There are so many advantages of learning a language.I really can't think of any reason not to.”‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一个会说9种语言的人的故事。‎ ‎5．According to the passage，a polyglot refers to ．‎ A．someone who studies the development of languages B．someone who keeps a record of minority languages C．someone who masters several languages D．someone who talks to foreigners fluently C　[推理判断题。由第一段第一句“Matthew Youlden speaks nine languages fluently and understands more than a dozen more.”和下文的内容可推知，polyglot指的是“通晓数种语言的人”。故选C。]‎ ‎6．What can be inferred from the underlined part in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Matthew Youlden is very good at imitating others.‎ B．Matthew Youlden looks like the natives in appearance.‎ C．Matthew Youlden learns languages from native speakers.‎ D．Matthew Youlden uses the languages as well as the natives.‎ D　[推理判断题。由画线部分后的“Germans think he's German！Spaniards think he's Spanish and Brazilians think he's Portuguese.”可推知，Matthew Youlden是语言变色龙，因为他使用这些语言跟当地人一样熟练，故而德国人以为他是德国人，西班牙人以为他是西班牙人，而巴西人以为他是葡萄牙人。]‎ ‎7．Which of the following about Matthew Youlden is TRUE?‎ A．He studies full－time to have a good command of languages.‎ B．He believes different languages enrich man's world views.‎ C．Travelling around the world is his best way of learning.‎ D．He has a very special talent for language learning.‎ B　[推理判断题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是前两句“According to Matthew，the more languages you speak，the more points of view you have.He thinks each language has a certain way of seeing the world.”可推知，Matthew Youlden认为不同的语言丰富了人们的世界观。]‎ ‎8．What's Matthew Youlden's attitude towards the monolingual lifestyle?‎ A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.‎ C．Objective. D．Negative.‎ D　[观点态度题。由最后一段中的“So the monolingual(只说一种语言的)lifestyle，for me，is the saddest，the loneliest，and the most boring way of seeing the world.”可知，Matthew Youlden对单语言的生活方式的态度是消极的。]‎ C ‎(2016·山西省八校第一次联考)‎ Seven－year－old artist Kieron Williamson has sold his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in just 14 minutes，setting the world record for the youngest successful painter.‎ His latest paintings of landscapes(风景)，seascapes and churches were supposed to be on display for a month at the Picturecraft Gallery in Holt.They went on sale at 9 am but were bought by 9：14 am，some by telephone from abroad.‎ Kieron is red hot．People are saying that he could become an all－time great artist.They want his paintings as investments(投资) because they think the price will go up.‎ The last child artist was Picasso.And Kieron is getting better and better.The pace at which he learns is quite amazing.He has a very mature mind and has mastered certain techniques at an early stage which some artists would take years to perfect.His work has been very unusual and impressive.His use of tone，colour and light is wonderful.The way he gets his paintings to do the talking is extremely good.He just paints when he wants.He still likes playing football and playing computer games like any other seven－year－olds.‎ Inspired to start painting on a family holiday in Devon and Cornwall，Kieron was just six when he asked his parents for paper to draw a boat and swiftly developed a mature and confident talent for seascapes and countryside scenes that has been described as close to the “young Picasso”．‎ The talented boy described his show's sellout success as“brilliant”．“Painting is my favourite hobby but I like football as well，” said Kieron，who is so absorbed in painting that he is always drawing from getting up to going to school.‎ 本文介绍了著名画家Kieron Williamson和他的水彩画。‎ ‎9．Kieron Williamson set the world record for the youngest painter by ．‎ A．selling his 16 watercolours for ￡17，000 in 14 minutes B．drawing as many as 16 watercolours in 14 minutes C．painting landscapes as a child of seven D．earning the most money for 16 watercolours A　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，七岁画家Kieron Williamson仅仅在14分钟内就以17 000英镑的价格卖掉了他的16幅水彩画，创造了世界纪录。]‎ ‎10．The underlined words “red hot” here probably mean“ ”．‎ A．in bright colour and high temperature B．in high fever C．very popular D．very smart C　[词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，人们说他可能会成为一位伟大的画家，他们认为他的画会增值，因此他们都想要收藏他的画作为投资。由此说明Kieron很受欢迎。]‎ ‎11．What is Kieron's work like according to the text?‎ A．Strange. B．Outstanding.‎ C．Ordinary. D．Common.‎ B　[推理判断题。根据第四段的第五句和第六句可知，他的作品与众不同，给人以深刻的印象，他对色调、颜色和光线的使用都是绝妙的。由此可知他的画非常出色。]‎ ‎12．From the text we know that Kieron learned to paint ．‎ A．by himself B．from his parents C．by copying Picasso D．from his teacher A　[推理判断题。Kieron在Devon和Cornwall度假时开始绘画，当时他六岁，向父母要纸画船，很快培养了成熟自信的画海景和乡村景色的才能，被认为近似年轻的毕加索。全文没提到他的老师，所以推断他是自学绘画的。]‎ 类型2| 故事轶闻 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.故事发生的背景、经过、结局。‎ ‎2．情节、人物或事件之间的关系。‎ ‎3．蕴含的哲理意义、风趣幽默。‎ ‎1.理清叙事的顺序，是顺叙、倒叙还是插叙。‎ ‎2．把握故事发生的主线，抓住情节、情感两条主线索。‎ ‎3．领会故事细节与主题的关系。‎ ‎(2016·全国丙卷·B)On one of her trips to New York several years ago，Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes，another customer was approaching their table.‎ ‎“Hey，aren't you from Mississippi？” the elegant，white－haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“I'm from Mississippi too.”‎ Without a second thought，the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair.‎ ‎“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，”Welty said “I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking.”‎ Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave，it was pouring outside.Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab.Heading back downtown toward her hotel，her big－city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚)．‎ ‎“My friend said：‘Now we believe your stories，’”Welty added.“And I said：‘Now you know.These are the people that make me write them．’”‎ Sitting on a sofa in her room，Welty，a slim figure in a simple gray dress，looked pleased with this explanation.‎ ‎“I don't make them up，”she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I don't have to.”‎ Beauticians，bartenders，piano players and people with purple hats，Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends，from walks through the streets of her native Jackson，Miss.，from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that，at 78，her left ear has now given out.Sometimes，sitting on a bus or a train，she hears only a fragment(片断) of a particularly interesting story.‎ ‎25．What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?‎ A．Two strangers joined her.‎ B．Her childhood friends came in.‎ C．A heavy rain ruined the dinner.‎ D．Some people held a party there.‎ ‎26．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's ．‎ A．readers B．parties C．friends D．stories ‎27．What can we learn about the characters in Welty's fiction?‎ A．They live in big cities.‎ B．They are mostly women.‎ C．They come from real life.‎ D．They are pleasure seekers.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。全文讲述了著名作家Eudora Welty在纽约的朋友聚会上，遇到了两位陌生人。大家的交流对她的写作影响很大。她经常收集人们的所见所闻，写成自己的一篇文章。‎ 长难句解读：‎ Heading back downtown toward her hotel，her big－city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion.‎ 分析：本句为复合句。逗号前为现在分词作时间状语，定语从句that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion修饰先行词the turn of events。‎ 翻译：在返回市区宾馆的途中，她的大都市的朋友们惊诧于他们活动的转变，他们的聚会早已由纽约式的宴会变成了密西西比人的地方性团聚。‎ ‎25．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段“...the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair.”可知，除了那位陌生的女士，要跟她一起吃饭的人也加入到了Welty的饭局中，故选A项。]‎ ‎26．D　[代词指代题。联系本段“My friend said: ‘Now we believe your stories，’” Welty added.“And I said: ‘Now you know.These are the people that make me write them．’”可知，朋友们相信Eudora Welty的故事是真实的，正是在现实生活中从这些陌生的人口中得到的信息才让她写出这些故事，故选D项。]‎ ‎27．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话可知她故事中的角色都取材于生活在社会各阶层的人们，都来源于真实的生活，故选C项。]‎ A ‎(2016·石家庄市调研检测)‎ During the two and a half years since I settled down in Germany，I've caught a cold several times and gotten to experience how different German cold remedies (疗法) are from the Chinese ones.‎ Back in Taiwan，whenever I had a streaming nose and a dry throat，I'd rush to the hospital to get prescribed medicine.For a fever，I would receive a red pill，which I now know is a type of antibiotic (抗生素)．‎ Another thing I know now is that the criminal behind my cold is a virus.The drugs I used only relieved the symptoms.When I went to a German hospital intending to get some medicine to treat my cold，I got nothing more than a pat on my shoulder and words from the doctor，saying that I should get some really good rest.The first time this happened，I was shocked.I wondered how I could put up with my sickness without the help of medicine.But the longer I stayed in Germany，the better I knew how to self－medicate as other Germans do.‎ I learned to take vitamin C to build up my resistance.But what I like the most is drinking “Erkltungstee”．For German people，Erkltungstee is what their grandmother gives them when they catch a cold.It's a tea bag mainly made of lime flower and orange rind.Another popular cold remedy in Germany is chicken soup.During my first winter in Germany，I got a really bad cold.My neighbor brought me a bowl of chicken soup to make me feel better.It contained a lot of ginger，onion，garlic，carrots and celery.Germans believe these ingredients are perfect for helping your body recover.‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在德国如何应对感冒的故事。‎ ‎1．How did the author feel after seeing the German doctor?‎ A．Relieved. B．Surprised.‎ C．Satisfied. D．Stressed.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first time this happened，I was shocked.”可知，作者第一次在德国看医生时，医生的应对方式让他很震惊。]‎ ‎2．According to the author，what effect do antibiotics have on his cold?‎ A．They cure his cold.‎ B．They prevent the disease.‎ C．They kill the virus in him.‎ D．They make him feel better.‎ D　[推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句“The drugs I used only relieved the symptoms.”可推知，作者之前生病时所吃的抗生素只是缓解了感冒的症状，让他自己感觉好一些而已。]‎ ‎3．What do Germans think of “Erkltungstee”？‎ A．It can replace any cold remedy.‎ B．It can build up one's resistance.‎ C．It's a good way to self－medicate.‎ D．It's better than chicken soup.‎ C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“But the longer I stayed in Germany，the better I knew how to self－medicate as other Germans do.”并结合最后一段所列举的Erkltungstee的例子可知，它是一种自我疗法。]‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．Germans tend not to use antibiotics to treat a cold.‎ B．The author often catches a cold in Taiwan.‎ C．The author seldom drinks chicken soup.‎ D．German doctors are cold to patients.‎ A　[推理判断题。根据第三段和最后一段的整体内容可知，德国人一感冒后医生是不给开药的，而且德国人有自我疗法。由此可推知，德国人不会一感冒了就去吃抗生素。] ‎ ‎【导学号：90892001】‎ B ‎(2016·河南省八市重点高中质量检测)‎ A California man who was feeling sick almost died recently from a shocking ‎ cause.‎ ‎26－year－old Luis Ortiz went to a hospital because of a headache and nausea (恶心)．When doctors examined him，they were shocked to find a tapeworm larva (绦虫幼虫) in his brain.The story got stranger.The larva was still alive.‎ The creature had caused a cyst(囊肿) inside his head.The cyst was restricting the flow of liquids to different areas of his brain.The situation was so serious that doctors said they had to perform an emergency operation to remove the larva.‎ A doctor who operated on Ortiz told him he had only 30 minutes to live.When the doctor pulled the worm out of his head，it was still moving.‎ Luis Ortiz was a student at California Stage University in Sacramento.He began experiencing headaches in late August.But Ortiz said he did not think the headaches were serious.‎ In September，he visited a friend and his parents in another city.That is when the pain got worse.His mother saw Ortiz throwing up and took him to a hospital emergency room.‎ The doctors saved Ortiz's life.However，the surgery also affected him.Ortiz had to drop out of school and move back home.For now，he is not permitted to work or drive a vehicle.‎ The U．S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the U．S.has about 1，000 reported cases of tapeworms each year.The CDC adds that tapeworms are more common in developing countries with poor public health systems.‎ The best way to avoid a tapeworm infection (感染) is to wash fruits and vegetables.Also，make sure meat is cooked thoroughly.The CDC suggests cooking all meat to an internal temperature of at least 63 degrees Celsius.‎ 本文介绍了一位叫Luis Ortiz的美国青年，因头痛难忍和恶心而去医院就诊，医生惊奇地发现他的脑子里有一条绦虫幼虫。后来，医生的及时救治挽救了他的性命。‎ ‎5．What caused Luis Ortiz to feel sick and headaches?‎ A．Dirty food eaten in August.‎ B．Travelling for a long way.‎ C．A living creature in his brain.‎ D．Uncooked meat eaten by him.‎ C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“they were shocked to find a tapeworm larva(绦虫幼虫)in his brain”可知，有一条活的绦虫幼虫在Luis Qrtiz脑袋里，使他恶心头痛。故选C。]‎ ‎6．If the doctors didn't have an emergency operation on him，Luis Ortiz was likely to ．‎ A．die of cancer B．live for only half an hour C．finish studying in school D．pass the driving test B　[细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“A doctor who operated on Ortiz told him he had only 30 minutes to live.”可知，选B。]‎ ‎7．How should people avoid infecting tapeworms?‎ A．By washing fruits and vegetables.‎ B．By boiling plates and bowls before meals.‎ C．By cooking meat to at least 63 ℃ outside.‎ D．By improving the development of economy.‎ A　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的第一句“The best way to avoid a tapeworm infection(感染)is to wash fruits and vegetables.”可知，选A。]‎ ‎8．What did the writer think of the cause of Luis Ortiz's disease?‎ A．Quite frightening. B．Very dangerous.‎ C．Rather puzzling. D．Extremely surprising.‎ D　[推理判断题。根据文章的第一段“A California man who was feeling sick almost died recently from a shocking cause.”可推知，作者对Luis Ortiz的病因感到极其震惊。故选D。]‎ C ‎(2016·太原市模拟)‎ At 39 weeks pregnant most women would only be thinking of racing to hospital.But not Amber Miller，who set off to run the Chicago Marathon while expecting her second child any day.‎ As she neared the final stage of the race，she began to feel pain in the stomach.But the determined athlete managed to cross the finish line in 6 hours and 25 minutes.‎ Unbelievably the Chicago race was not even baby June's first marathon—Miller ran the Wisconsin Marathon earlier this year，four months pregnant.She also ran another marathon when she was about four months pregnant with her son，Caleb.‎ Although there was extra weight，the seasoned runner's time was just 3 hours off her personal best.‎ Miller began to feel pain near the end of the race，but she was not sure if it was labor (分娩)，because she typically feels some pain when she runs while pregnant.After her race her husband drove her to Central DuPage Hospital in Winfield where she gave birth to the healthy 7 pounds，13 ounce baby.‎ Miller decided to run because she and her husband had already signed up for the race.The athletic mother said she experienced an enthusiastic welcome from crowds as she ran along.But the devoted runner，who had completed eight marathons，admitted that she did get a few strange looks along the course.‎ ‎“I know what I can handle.This is something I've been doing for a long time，” the experienced marathon runner said.‎ June was born at 10：29 p．m.on Sunday night after seven hours' labor.“She's absolutely perfect，” Miller said.“We are extremely happy，but very tired.”‎ After her surprising double achievement，Miller says she is planning to take some time off to concentrate on being a fulltime mom.‎ 本文讲述了在芝加哥马拉松比赛上，Amber Miller已怀孕39周，但她坚持用6个小时25分钟完成了马拉松比赛并在当晚产下了小女儿June。‎ ‎9．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．Miller failed to finish the race due to her labor.‎ B．Miller's husband was against her running the race.‎ C．Miller knew she was going to give birth at the end of the race.‎ D．It wasn't Miller's first time to run a marathon while pregnant.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，这并非Miller第一次以孕妇之身参加马拉松比赛。年初，‎ 已经怀孕4个月的她参加了威斯康星州马拉松比赛。此外，在怀着第一个孩子Caleb的时候，她也参加过马拉松比赛。故选D。]‎ ‎10．What is the name of Miller's kid born right after the Chicago Marathon?‎ A．Caleb. B．June.‎ C．Amber. D．Wisconsin.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句及倒数第二段中的“June was born at 10：29 p．m.on Sunday night after seven hours' labor.”可知，芝加哥马拉松比赛结束后，Miller的小女儿June诞生了。故选B。]‎ ‎11．What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．People have different attitudes to Miller's action.‎ B．Miller will soon return for her favorite marathons.‎ C．The baby was in danger at birth because of the race.‎ D．Miller's personal best in marathons was over 6 hours.‎ A　[推理判断题。根据第六段中的“The athletic mother said she experienced an enthusiastic welcome from crowds as she ran along.But the devoted runner，who had completed eight marathons，admitted that she did get a few strange looks along the course.”可知，人们对Miller怀孕仍坚持跑马拉松比赛有着不同的态度。故选A。]‎ ‎12．What is the best title of the passage?‎ A．A young American couple loving marathons B．How to finish the latest Chicago Marathon C．How to train a pregnant woman for marathons D．A pregnant woman giving birth after a marathon D　[主旨大意题。本文讲述了在芝加哥马拉松比赛上，Amber Miller已怀孕39周，但她坚持用6个小时25分钟完成了马拉松比赛并在当晚产下了小女儿。故选D。]‎ 类型3| 科普知识 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.科学现象、概念、定义、类别等。‎ ‎2．‎ ‎1.理清说明顺序：时间、空间、逻辑顺序。‎ 事物的性质、特点、原理、用途等。‎ ‎3．事物或现象产生的原因、过程、演变。‎ ‎4．相似事物间的异同。‎ ‎2．把握文章结构：并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式。‎ ‎3．认清说明方法：下定义、举事例、做比较、打比方等。‎ ‎(2016·四川高考·D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.‎ Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.‎ Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime，according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.‎ While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now，taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.‎ Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.‎ Milk is also sugar－free and additive－free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.‎ ‎32．According to the text，the mice fed with daytime milk ．‎ A．started sleep more easily B．were more anxious C．were less active D．woke up later ‎33．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?‎ A．It's been tested on mice for ten times.‎ B．It can make people more energetic.‎ C．It exists in milk in great amount.‎ D．It's used in sleeping drugs.‎ ‎34．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Night Milk and Sleep B．Fat，Sugar and Health C．An Experiment on Mice D．Milk Drinking and Health ‎35．How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ A．By giving examples.‎ B．By stating arguments.‎ C．By explaining statistical data.‎ D．By providing research results.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。长期以来，人们认为睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶有助于睡眠，但研究表明，只有喝晚上挤的牛奶才真正有助于睡眠。这到底是什么原因呢？快来读文章吧！‎ 长难句解读：‎ Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime，according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ 分析：本句为复合句。given night milk为过去分词短语作定语修饰其前面的those；which引导的定语从句修饰先行词night milk；fed with the milk为过去分词作定语修饰其前的those；collected during daytime为过去分词短语作定语修饰其前的milk。‎ 翻译：由发表在《药物食品杂志》上的研究可知，饮用夜间挤出的牛奶的老鼠比那些饮用白天挤出的牛奶的老鼠更不活跃、更不焦虑，在夜间取自奶牛的牛奶所含的褪黑激素是在白天取自奶牛的牛奶的十倍。‎ ‎32．B　[细节理解题。由第四段中的信息Those given night milk ...were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime...可知，‎ 老鼠喝了白天挤的牛奶会更活跃，也更焦虑，故选B项。]‎ ‎33．D　[推理判断题。由第六段中的信息taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night可知，褪黑激素被用于安眠药中，故选D项。]‎ ‎34．A　[标题归纳题。作者在第一段就点明了文章要论述的对象——晚上挤的牛奶有助于睡眠。在接下来的几段中，作者通过研究人员在老鼠身上做的实验论证了晚上挤出的牛奶与睡眠的关系，故选A项。]‎ ‎35．D　[推理判断题。文章的第二、三、四、五段都是讲研究人员的实验及其结果，所以作者是用研究人员的研究结果来支持论点的，故选D项。]‎ A ‎(2016·福建省五校统一考试)‎ More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed，causing problems with sleep.A new survey also shows more than 28 million people in the UK regularly get no more than seven hours sleep a night.Prof Richard Wiseman，who commissioned the YouGov poll described the findings as “extremely worrying”．Of the 2，149 adults questioned，78% said they used electronic devices before going to bed.This rose to 91% among the 18 to 24－year－olds questioned in the survey.‎ Getting less than seven hours sleep a night is below the recommended guidelines，and is associated with a range of problems，including an increased risk of weight gain，heart attacks，diabetes and cancer.“The blue light from these devices suppresses(压制) the production of the sleep—inducing hormone melatonin，so it's important to avoid them before bedtime，” said Prof Richard Wiseman，from the University of Hertfordshire.‎ Everyone needs different amounts of sleep，but adults are generally thought to require a minimum of seven to eight hours a night.Teenagers are recommended to get more，about nine hours.The proportion(比例)of people thought to be getting too little sleep had risen by a fifth since a “bedroom poll”conducted last year by the National Sleep Foundation.‎ Last week revealed opticians were warning that the overuse of smartphones may be increasing people's risk of eye damage.Optician Andy Hepworth said，“Blue violet light is potentially harmful to the back of your eyes.” So over a long period of time it can damage your eyes.When you're looking at a smartphone，the light peaking out of that is blue violet.The news came as a survey of 2，000 people suggests under－25s check their smartphones 32 times a day.‎ 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，睡前使用智能手机将导致睡眠问题。‎ ‎1．The purpose of the passage is to ．‎ A．stress that people don't use smartphones B．remind people of enough sleep C．ask people not to sleep too much D．tell people not to use smartphones before bed D　[写作意图题。根据第一段的第一句“More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed，causing problems with sleep.”可知，超过90%的年轻人会在睡前玩智能手机，因此导致睡眠问题；据此可以判断，本文旨在告诉人们不要在睡前玩智能手机，故D项正确。]‎ ‎2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．According to a new survey，more than 28 million people in the UK get more than seven hours sleep a night.‎ B．More than 90% of young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed.‎ C．Of the 2，149 adults questioned，91% said they used electronic devices before going to bed.‎ D．The news came as a survey of 2，000 people suggests under－25s check their smartphones 30 times a day.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“More than nine out of ten young people expose themselves to the blue light from smartphones before bed，causing problems with sleep.”可知，超过90%的年轻人会在睡前玩智能手机，故B项正确；根据第一段的第二句“A new survey also shows more than 28 million people in ‎ the UK regularly get no more than seven hours sleep a night.”可知，这些人每晚的睡眠时间不超过7个小时，故A项错误；‎ 根据第一段的倒数第二句“Of the 2，149 adults questioned，78% said they used electronic devices before going to bed.”可知，这些人中的78%说他们在睡前使用电子设备，故C项错误；根据文章的最后一句“The news came as a survey of 2，000 people suggests under－25s check their smartphones 32 times a day.”可知，这些人每天检查智能手机32次而不是30次，故D项错误。]‎ ‎3．According to what Andy Hepworth said，the overuse of smartphones may be increasing people's risk of ．‎ A．weight gain B．cancer C．eye damage D．heart attacks C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一、二句“Last week revealed opticians were warning that the overuse of smartphones may be increasing people's risk of eye damage.Optician Andy Hepworth said，‘Blue violet light is potentially harmful to the back of your eyes.’”可知，Andy Hepworth认为，过度使用智能手机会损伤眼睛，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4．Teenagers are generally thought to get sleep of a night.‎ A．about 9 hours B．7－8 hours C．less than 7 hours D．more than 10 hours A　[细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Teenagers are recommended to get more，about nine hours.”可知，青少年所需要的睡眠时间是每天大概9个小时，故A项正确。] ‎ ‎【导学号：90892002】‎ B ‎(2016·山西省第二次四校联考)‎ For most caffeine(咖啡因) consumers，its chief benefit is that it helps you get more done.This is what makes it unusual，says Stephen Braun，author of Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine.‎ ‎“Its appeal is that it helps us earn more money，” he adds.“What makes it different from other drugs is that it's used as a productivity tool—not for pleasure.”‎ Many of history's creative minds have also been associated with a large amount of caffeine consumption.‎ According to one biographer，the French novelist and playwright Balzac drank as many as 50 cups of coffee a day.“Were it not for coffee，one could not write，which is to say one could not live，” he once insisted.‎ For seven years，the film－maker David Lynch ate at the same Los Angeles diner every day，drinking up to seven sweetened cups of coffee “with lots of sugar” in one sitting，which he said would guarantee that “lots of ideas” arrived.‎ Ludwig van Beethoven was said to have painstakingly counted out exactly 60 coffee beans per cup when he brewed (煮) coffee.‎ Perhaps recent tales of caffeine excess featured the singer Robbie Williams，who reportedly consumed 36 cups of black coffee and 20 cans of Red Bull a day.‎ It is the routine task itself，as much as the stimulating(刺激的)effects of caffeine，that makes the process so important，says Mason Currey，author of Daily Rituals: How Artists Work.“A lot of artists use the process of making coffee as a gateway to the creative process，” he adds.“ You need to get into the right mindset to do that sort of work，and the preparation process provides a focus.”‎ One problem with attempting to control caffeine, says Braun，is that it affects everyone differently—it is impossible to work out a “safe” limit that works for everyone.“Eventually，you have to become your own scientist—there isn't an alternative to careful self－experimentation，” he says.‎ 本文讲述了喝咖啡不仅可以帮助人们提神和提高工作效率，而且还可以帮助艺术家们获得灵感。尽管如此，我们对咖啡的饮用量还是应该控制在需要的范围内。‎ ‎5．Stephen Braun mainly stresses caffeine's ．‎ A．creating ideas B．improving work efficiency C．helping people to relax D．stimulating people B　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“it helps you get more done”和第二段中的 ‎“What makes it different from other drugs is that it's used as a productivity tool—not for pleasure.”可知，Stephen Braun强调caffeine可以帮助我们提高工作效率。故选B项。]‎ ‎6．The examples of some famous people are given to show that ．‎ A．most artists like drinking coffee B．drinking coffee helps artists make more money C．there's a link between drinking coffee and creating ideas D．drinking coffee makes artists become more successful C　[写作意图题。根据第三段“Many of history's creative minds have also been associated with a large amount of caffeine consumption.”和下文对这几位名人的描述可知，他们都通过喝咖啡来获得创意与灵感。故选C项。]‎ ‎7．What leads to the artists' creative process according to Mason Currey?‎ A．Getting a good mindset.‎ B．Drinking the coffee.‎ C．Being lost in thought.‎ D．Brewing the coffee.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“A lot of artists use the process of making coffee as a gateway to the creative process”可知，Mason Currey认为正是制作咖啡的过程帮助艺术家进入创作的状态，故选D项。]‎ ‎8．What does Braun advise us to do in the end?‎ A．To drink less coffee.‎ B．Never to take more coffee than you need.‎ C．Never to limit caffeine use.‎ D．To work out a safe level of caffeine use.‎ B　[推理判断题。文章最后一段Braun指出，就咖啡因的食用量而言，我们很难制订出一个适用于所有人的安全标准，最终，每个人都必须成为自己的科学家。其言外之意是喝咖啡的量是因人而异的，故选B项。]‎ C ‎(2016·石家庄市教学质量检测)‎ Back in 1969，it was the Apollo 11 crew who flew to the moon in a spaceship.When U．S.astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin stepped foot on the moon，they were the first.Meanwhile，their fellow astronaut Michael Collins circled the moon in their spaceship，named Columbia.‎ When Armstrong and Aldrin were done with their walk，they returned to the command module，and back to the Earth.That part of the spaceship is on view at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington，D.C.But，if you cannot get to Washington，soon you will be able to see Columbia on your computer or your smartphone.‎ Digital scientists are scanning the inside of Columbia.They are creating an online model，in three dimensions，or “3D”．By looking at these photographs，you will be able to see outer space the way the astronauts did.It will be like sitting in their seats.‎ Want your very own Columbia? You will be able to print a 3D copy of Columbia.Experts say anyone can make a life－sized model.But they expect most people to make smaller models of the 320×400 cm( 11*×13* ) command module.‎ Scientists are using special 3D technology to scan the inside.They use cameras on long arms to take the photographs.The thousands of photographs taken will be combined with 50 laser scans.‎ What would it be like to sit inside Columbia and take a look around？All the images will be loaded into software that allows you to look around the module on a computer screen.The user will be able to see Columbia both inside and out.The Smithsonian says that the 3D technology gives the user ways to see things they cannot see at the museum.And it will give information that even the museum curators(馆长)have not seen before.‎ ‎“With the command module，no one has been inside since it came into the collection，” says Adam Metallo，Smithsonian 3D imaging specialist.“Now the information we capture can give anyone in the world a view of what it looks like inside this incredible piece of history.”‎ 本文主要介绍了3D技术的应用使参观哥伦比亚指令舱不再那么遥远，而是触手可及的。‎ ‎9．The author mentions moon landing of the Apollo 11 to ．‎ A．introduce the topic B．honour the astronauts C．mark the milestone event D．draw attention to space research A　[推理判断题。根据第一段和全文的整体内容可推知，作者提到第一次登陆月球事件是为了引起读者的阅读兴趣，导入文章话题。]‎ ‎10．According to the text，people ．‎ A．are advised to make a life－sized model B．can clone a Columbia with 3D technology C．will visit a copy of Columbia in the museum D．can buy a copied Columbia in the museum B　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“You will be able to print a 3D copy of Columbia.”可知，通过3D技术的应用，人们可以复制一个太空飞船。]‎ ‎11．What's the advantage of a copied Columbia?‎ A．It can attract more visitors.‎ B．It can help look far into the universe.‎ C．It makes 3D technology more popular.‎ D．It provides more knowledge than the museum.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“And it will give information that even the museum curators(馆长)have not seen before.”并结合本段的整体内容可知，3D技术复制的太空飞船的优势是其提供的信息比博物馆多。]‎ ‎12．What might be the best title for the text?‎ A．Columbia lands in your smartphone B．3D technology，the new way to explore space C．Landing on the moon，a milestone in space travel D．An online model shows you how to land on the moon A　[标题判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，‎ 本文主要讲述的是运用3D技术，在智能手机上参观哥伦比亚指令舱不再那么遥远。]‎ ‎ ‎ 类型4| 广告宣传 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.广告宣传的目的。‎ ‎2．广告中提及的时间、地点、人物。‎ ‎3．所介绍的事物、产品的特征。‎ ‎4．所宣传的活动、项目的内容及其作用。‎ ‎1.浏览标题，了解大意。‎ ‎2．找准关键词、关键句，把握住细节。‎ ‎3．通过分析、对比，筛选出可用信息。‎ ‎(2016·全国丙卷·A)‎ Music Opera at Music Hall：1243 Elm Street.The season runs June through August，with additional performances in March and September.The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts.Phone：241－2742.http：//www.cityopera.com．‎ Chamber Orchestra：The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street，which offers several concerts from March through June.Call 723－1182 for more information.http：//www.chamberorch.com．‎ Symphony Orchestra：At Music Hall and Riverbend.For ticket sales，call 381－3300.Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend.http：//www.symphony.org/home.asp ．‎ College Conservatory of Music (CCM)：Performances are on the main campus(校园) of the university，usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater.CCM organizes a variety of events，including performances by the well－known LaSalle Quartet，CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra，and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music.Students with I．D.cards can attend the events for free.A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556－4183.http：//www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar．‎ Riverbend Music Theater：6295 Kellogg Ave.Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference)．Big name shows all summer long! Phone：232－6220.http：//www.riverbendmusic.com．‎ ‎21．Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?‎ A．241－2742. B．723－1182.‎ C．381－3300. D．232－6220.‎ ‎22．When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?‎ A．February. B．May.‎ C．August. D．November.‎ ‎23．Where can students go for free performances with their I．D.cards?‎ A．Music Hall.‎ B．Memorial Hall.‎ C．Patricia Cobbett Theater.‎ D．Riverbend Music Theater.‎ ‎24．How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?‎ A．It has seats in the open air.‎ B．It gives shows all year round.‎ C．It offers membership discounts.‎ D．It presents famous musical works.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文——广告。全文介绍了要举办的五场音乐演出。提供的信息包含音乐会的主题、电话以及网址等。‎ 长难句解读：‎ CCM organizes a variety of events，including performances by the well－known LaSalle Quartet，CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra，and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music.‎ 分析：本句是一个含有较长介词短语的简单句。including...至句末为介词短语作定语修饰前面的events，其中by...至句末为介词短语作定语修饰其前的performances，其中presenting Baroque through modern music为现在分词短语作定语修饰其前的groups of musicians。‎ 翻译：CCM组织了各种各样的活动，‎ 包括知名的LaSalle四重奏乐团和CCM爱乐管弦乐团的演出，还有各种代表巴洛克风格到现代音乐家团体的演出，通过现代音乐呈现巴洛克艺术风格。‎ ‎21．A　[细节理解题。根据第一则广告中的“The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts.Phone: 241－2742.”可以得出，如果想看歌剧，应打241－2742，故选A。]‎ ‎22．B　[细节理解题。根据第二则广告中的“...which offers several concerts from March through June.”可知，可以在三月至六月去听Chamber Orchestra举办的音乐会，因此May(五月)合适，故选B。]‎ ‎23．C　[细节理解题。根据第四则广告中的“...usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater.”和“Students with I．D.cards can attend the events for free.”可知，有身份证的学生在Patricia Cobbett Theater可以免费看演出，故选C。]‎ ‎24．A　[细节理解题。从第五段第二句可知，Riverbend Music Theater提到了露天场地，而其他四个地方均没有提到，故选A。]‎ A ‎(2016·江西省重点中学盟校联合模拟)‎ Watch the countryside fly by as you travel by superfast Eurostar from London or Kent，through the Channel Tunnel and direct to the Heart of the Magic.Once there，enjoy this extraordinary world of fun，laughter，and magic.‎ Day One Board the direct Eurostar service to Disneyland Paris.When you arrive，a free shuttle bus will take you to your hotel to check in.Once you've settled，why not head to Disney Village—the resort's lively entertainment centre? This evening，dine in the hotel or in one of the restaurants in Disney Village，and look forward to the days ahead.‎ Day Two Enjoy a fantastic full day at Disneyland Paris，and take advantage of your Extra Magic Hours as specific areas of Disneyland Park open up to two hours earlier for Disney Resort Hotel guests.At the end of a wonderful day，head back to your hotel or into Disney Village.‎ Day Three Return to the Disney Parks for another day of thrills.Your special Hopper Ticket gives you unlimited admission to both Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park during opening hours，and you can plan your visit using the Park Timetables and Fastpass system to shorten your wait at popular rides.‎ Day Four Check out of your hotel this morning，and use the hotel's left luggage facility to make the most of your last day at Disneyland Paris.Your Eurostar departs this evening，so you'll have plenty of time to make the most of the magic of Disney Village before beginning your journey home.‎ 本文是一则广告。乘坐欧洲之星列车去巴黎迪士尼乐园吧！巴黎迪士尼乐园充满欢笑与神秘。文中介绍了巴黎迪士尼乐园之游的日程安排。‎ ‎1．How do travellers go to Disneyland Paris?‎ A．By air. B．By ship.‎ C．By train. D．By coach.‎ C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Watch the countryside fly by as you travel by superfast Eurostar from London or Kent，through the Channel Tunel”可推知，游客是乘坐火车去巴黎迪士尼乐园的。]‎ ‎2．What are travellers advised to do after checking in at their hotel?‎ A．Go to Disney Village.‎ B．Dine in the hotel.‎ C．Prepare for the days ahead.‎ D．Have a good rest.‎ A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once you've settled，why not head to Disney Village—the resort's lively entertainment centre？”可知，对游客的建议是在酒店登记入住后去娱乐中心Disney Village。]‎ ‎3．What can be used to save time in Disneyland Paris?‎ A．Extra Magic Hours.‎ B．The Hopper Ticket.‎ C．The Eurostar Ticket.‎ D．The Park Timetables and Fastpass system.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“you can plan your visit using the Park Timetables and Fastpass system to shorten your wait at popular rides”可知，游客可利用Park Timetables and Fastpass system节约时间。] ‎ ‎【导学号：90892003】‎ B ‎(2016·武汉市武昌区调研考试)‎ Oxford's Department for Continuing Education runs over 1，000 courses per year, offered on a part－time basis.Programmes include Oxford awards and degrees at undergraduate and postgraduate level，online short courses，weekly classes, day and weekend events, continuing professional development and summer schools.‎ Oxford awards & degrees Over 50 undergraduate and postgraduate Oxford qualifications: certificates, diplomas, advanced diplomas，Master's and Doctoral degrees，offered part－time，in the arts，social sciences，diplomatic studies，human rights law，health care and biomedical sciences，which involve overseas students.Course duration ranges from one year to several years part－time.The department also runs a graduate school to provide the support and guidance needed by those following part－time graduate programmes.‎ www.conted.ox.ac.uk/qualifications Online & distance learning Choose from over 90 courses across a range of disciplines.Most are short courses of 5 － 10 weeks，accredited (officially approved)．A few longer courses result in Oxford qualifications.‎ www.conted.ox.ac.uk/online Weekly classes Approximately 500 part－time accredited classes，open to all，and held in Oxford，Reading and other locations.Topics are studied in depth over a period of 10 or 20 weeks.‎ www.conted.ox.ac.uk/weekly Day & weekend events Courses of 1 or 2 days，usually held at weekends and taught by lecturers and ‎ speakers who are noted authorities in their field of research.Many courses are offered in combination with national organizations.Over 150 offered per year.‎ www.conted.ox.ac.uk/dayweekend Professional development courses ‎200 courses per year，ranging from day schools to short refresher courses to full degree programmes.Subjects include health sciences, public policy, diplomatic studies，nanotechnology，electronics，historic conservation，environmental sciences，public administration，higher education leadership and more.‎ www.conted.ox.ac.uk/cpd Summer schools Accredited and non－accredited courses of between one and three weeks，with over 120 to choose from.Most are designed for the general public; others are designed to allow professionals to update skills.‎ www.conted.ox.ac.uk/summerschools 本文是一篇应用文。介绍了牛津大学的继续教育部所开设的各种教育课程。‎ ‎4．What type of writing is this text?‎ A．A course guide. B．A book review.‎ C．An advertisement. D．An official report.‎ A　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文文章结构属于总分结构，根据第一段中的“runs over 1，000 courses per year”可知，本文是对牛津继续教育部所开设的各种课程的介绍，故选A。]‎ ‎5．Which programme will you choose if you want to learn from the famous top experts in your field?‎ A．Summer schools.‎ B．Online & distance learning.‎ C．Day & weekend events.‎ D．Professional development courses.‎ C　[细节理解题。根据Day & weekend events下的“taught by lecturers and speakers who are noted authorities in their field of research”可知，Day & weekend events的课程是由某一领域中的权威人士来教授，故选C。]‎ ‎6．Which website is useful to foreign students?‎ A．www.conted.ox.ac.uk/cpd.‎ B．www.conted.ox.ac.uk/qualifications.‎ C．www.conted.ox.ac.uk/dayweekend.‎ D．www.conted.ox.ac.uk/summerschools.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“which involve overseas students”可知，选B。]‎ C ‎(2016·江西省百校联盟第一次联考)‎ Listed here are four of the thousands of impressive museums around the world.‎ The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Bilbao，Spain Built in 1997，the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is one of the newest in the world.It has transformed the industrial city of Bilbao into a travellers' desired destination.The beautiful architecture of the museum has provided a dramatic background for movies and commercials.‎ The Louvre in Paris，France Probably the most famous Louvre also holds the most famous painting in the world，the “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo da Vinci.Crowds can be found any day surrounding the small，but mysterious painting of the smiling woman.But，the Louvre is much more than a home to the “Mona Lisa”．The Louvre is visited by more people each year than any other museum in the world.‎ The Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia，America Just opened in its new downtown location in 2012，the Barnes Foundation is unique in that it is a completely reproduced display from one man's private collection.Dr.Albert C．Barnes started collecting art in the early 20th century and collected，among others，the largest number of original Renoir paintings in the world.‎ The Uffizi Gallery in Florence，Italy Walking on the marbled floors feels like stepping back in time.The building itself is a beautiful palace—like structure with frescoes(湿壁画) decorating the ceilings and walls.Viewers are bowled over(印象深刻) by the works by Botticelli ‎，such as “The Birth of Venus”．Classic artworks from nearly 1，000 years ago describe religions events of the time.‎ 本文为应用文。涉及文学与艺术话题。文章主要介绍了四个世界闻名的博物馆。‎ ‎7．Which of the following is the most popular?‎ A．The Louvre.‎ B．The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.‎ C．The Barnes Foundation.‎ D．The Uffizi Gallery.‎ A　[细节理解题。由The Louvre in Paris，France部分的“Crowds can be found any day”和“The Louvre is visited by more people each year than any other museum in the world.”可知四个博物馆中卢浮宫人气最旺。]‎ ‎8．What makes the Barnes Foundation particular?‎ A．Its structure. B．Its collection.‎ C．Its location. D．Its history.‎ B　[细节理解题。由The Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia，America部分的“the Barnes Foundation is unique in that it is a completely reproduced display from one man's private collection”可知，该博物馆的特殊之处在于其所有的展览品均是复制品。故选择B。]‎ ‎9．What type of writing is this text?‎ A．An activity poster.‎ B．An exhibition announcement.‎ C．An art show review.‎ D．A travel guide.‎ D　[推理判断题。由“Listed here are four of the thousands of impressive museums around the world.”可知，本文主要介绍了四个世界闻名的博物馆的概况，故最有可能是旅行指南。]‎ 类型5| 新闻报道 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.新闻的主题，即发生了什么事。‎ ‎1.新闻报道的主题多在文章的开头处。‎ ‎2．涉及的时间、地点、背景、人物等。‎ ‎3．事件的起因、经过、结果、影响。‎ ‎2．抓记叙要素，理行文线索，辨叙述方式。‎ ‎3．要善于分析新闻的社会功能和意义。‎ ‎(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·C)More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the “year off” between school and university.The gap－year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.‎ This year，25，310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year，according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS)．‎ That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible，” he said.‎ But not everyone is happy.Owain James，the president of the National Union of Students(NUS)，argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship－young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15，000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods，”he said.‎ ‎9．What do we learn about the gap year from the text?‎ A．It is flexible in length.‎ B．It is a time for relaxation.‎ C．It is increasingly popular.‎ D．It is required by universities.‎ ‎10．According to Tony Higgins，students taking a gap year ．‎ A．are better prepared for college studies B．know a lot more about their future jobs C．are more likely to leave university in debt D．have a better chance to enter top universities ‎11．How does Owain James feel about the gap－year phenomenon?‎ A．He's puzzled.‎ B．He's worried.‎ C．He's surprised.‎ D．He's annoyed.‎ ‎12．What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?‎ A．Attend additional courses.‎ B．Make plans for the new term.‎ C．Earn money for their education.‎ D．Prepare for their graduate studies.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇社会生活类的新闻报道。主要介绍了这样一种现象——现在越来越多的学生采取了“间隔年”的上学方式，即推迟一年再上大学，在此期间挣钱缴纳学费，将来能更好地适应大学生活。‎ 长难句解读：‎ The gap－year phenomenon originated with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.‎ 分析：本句主语为The gap－year phenomenon，谓语为originated with，the months为宾语，left over to Oxbridge applicants为过去分词短语作定语修饰months，between ...至句末为介词短语作状语。‎ 翻译：间隔年现象始于牛津和剑桥大学的申请者们在十一月份的入学考试到新学年开学前的这几个月里。‎ ‎9．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段的More students than ever before are taking a gap year和第三段的 That is a record 14.7% increase...可知，间隔年越来越受学生们的欢迎，故选C项。]‎ ‎10．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的Students who take a well－planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with，and complete，their chosen course...可知，采用间隔年的学生对所选择的课程更加满意，更可能完成所选课程，故选A项。]‎ ‎11．B　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“...the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.”可知，Owain James对间隔年现象很担忧，故选B项。]‎ ‎12．C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.”可知，越来越多的学生在间隔年中挣钱缴纳学费来获取他们的学位，故选C项。]‎ A ‎(2016·新疆维吾尔自治区第一次适应性检测)‎ Wu Dan has been trying to decide whether or not to have a second child for about two years，since she became qualified，as she and her husband have no brothers or sisters. ‎ Now，she feels under more pressure since the central government eased the family planning policy further，allowing all couples to have two children.“My parents and parents－in－law have been trying to persuade me to have a second child，and they said it is now a state policy，” said Wu，29，a civil servant in Jiangsu Province who has a 3－year－old daughter.“I have not made up my mind yet.It is a big decision to have another baby.I took six months leave to give birth to my daughter.When I returned to the office，my post was taken by another colleague and I had to work in a new field.”‎ Millions of women in China may suffer from Wu's dilemma.“The policy affects families, especially women，because women carry the responsibility of giving birth and raising children，” said Tang Fang，director of the economic law center at China Women's University，Beijing.“The lack of childcare services and high cost may cause many mothers to return to the family to take care of their children，” Tang said.‎ One of Wu Dan's main concerns is the problem of educating children.“There are not enough places in preschool，”Wu said.“It was difficult for us to find a place for my daughter and I do not want to experience that again.”‎ ‎“An increasing number of employers，especially medium and large companies，are shifting their focus to attract talented female employees by offering beneficial policies for childbearing and childcare，” said Wang Yixin, a senior consultant from Zhilian Recruiting，a China－based recruitment website.“However，employers have to pay more for female employees' maternity leave，” Wang said，admitting that some fast－developing small and medium－sized employers would prefer male employees.‎ 本文主要讲述了中国全面放开二孩政策，但职场女性却面临着两难抉择。‎ ‎1．What is the best title for this passage?‎ A．A New State Policy to Encourage Childbearing B．A Suggestion on Raising a Second Child C．A Dilemma about Whether to Have Another Child D．Beneficial Policies from Big Companies for Childbearing C　[标题判断题。本文讲述了中国虽然全面放开二孩政策，但职场女性却压力很大，面临着两难抉择。故选C。]‎ ‎2．The author mentions Wu Dan's example to show ．‎ A．many families in China are having a second child now B．many women hesitate to have a second child though allowed C．the state issued a good policy to solve social problems D．many women gave up jobs to have a second child B　[推理判断题。本文以吴丹为例，说明中国虽然全面放开二孩政策，但职场女性却压力很大，面临着两难抉择。根据第三段中的“Millions of women in China may suffer from Wu's dilemma.”可知，中国几百万的女性正面临着与吴丹相同的困境。故选B。]‎ ‎3．What is the least concern of Wu for having a second child?‎ A．Childcare.‎ B．Her post.‎ C．Children's education.‎ D．Her experience.‎ D　[细节理解题。本文的第二、三、四段中提及了吴丹犹豫生育二孩的原因：担心职位、担心孩子的照看、担心孩子的教育。没有提到“experience”。故选D。]‎ ‎4．The attitude of an increasing number of large companies to the employees' childbearing is ．‎ A．supportive B．sympathetic C．negative D．indifferent A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“An increasing number of employers，especially medium and large companies，are shifting their focus to attract talented female employees by offering beneficial policies for childbearing and childcare”可知，越来越多的雇主，尤其是大中型企业正转移焦点，通过提供生育、照顾孩子的福利政策来吸引女性人才，由此可知很多大公司是支持女性生育的。故选A。] ‎ ‎【导学号：90892004】‎ B ‎(2016·太原市模拟)‎ Three years ago a flash of lightning almost destroyed Lyn Diana's house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside.“There was a huge rainstorm，” she says, recalling the terrifying experience.“My brother and I were outside making every effort to stop floodwater from coming in the house.Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by a very large bang.When I picked myself up，the roof and the whole upper storey of the house had been destroyed.‎ The door was blocked by broken bricks, but we forced our way in and found the children，thankfully unharmed.Later I was told that to be struck by lightning is a chance in a million.In fact，it's calculated at one chance in 600，000.Even so，Dr.Mark Keys of AER，an organization that monitors the effects of lightning，thinks you should be careful.He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and bend into a ball，making yourself as small as possible.‎ Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a flash of lightning.Mrs.Wilder's heart stopped beating，but she was brought back to ‎ consciousness and，after a few days in hospital，where she was treated for burns to her head，hands and feet，she was pronounced fit again.Since that time，she has been a completely fair－weather golfer.In fact，a golf course is one of the most dangerous places during a thunderstorm.The best place to be is inside a car!‎ Harold Deal，a retired electrician from South Carolina，USA，was struck by lightning 26 years ago.He seemed to be unhurt，but it later turned out that the strike had damaged the part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature.Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven't bothered Harold.‎ 本文讲述了三起闪电击中人的事件。‎ ‎5．What damage did the rainstorm cause to Mrs.Diana's family?‎ A．Her house was flooded and fell down.‎ B．Her children were seriously ill and hurt.‎ C．The top storey of her house was completely destroyed.‎ D．The door in the house was broken by a very large bang.‎ C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the roof and the whole upper storey of the house had been destroyed.The door was blocked by broken bricks，but we forced our way in and found the children，thankfully unharmed”可知，C项正确。]‎ ‎6．What did Mrs.Wilder do after surviving the lightning strike?‎ A．She played golf only on fine days.‎ B．She never played golf again.‎ C．She often went to see a doctor.‎ D．She never took any medicine.‎ A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Since that time，she has been a completely fair－weather golfer.”可知，从那时起，她只在晴天打高尔夫球。故选A。]‎ ‎7．What do we know about Harold Deal from the last paragraph?‎ A．The lightning strike did not do any harm to him.‎ B．The lightning strike burnt his hair and skin terribly.‎ C．He suffered a lot from the freezing cold in South Carolina.‎ D．He wasn't sensitive to temperature after the lightning strike.‎ D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“He seemed to be unhurt...bothered Harold.”‎ 可推知，雷电事件之后，Harold对温度不再敏感。故选D。]‎ ‎8．What can we conclude from the passage?‎ A．It happens quite often that lightning strikes people during a storm.‎ B．During a thunderstorm you are safer in your house than in your car.‎ C．During a thunderstorm it is the safest for you to stay under a big round ball.‎ D．If you are caught in a storm，you should get down on the ground.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and bend into a ball，making yourself as small as possible.”可知，Mark建议，如果不幸遇到暴风雨，要趴在地上，蜷成球状，使自己的身体尽可能地缩小。故选D。]‎ C ‎(2016·云南市三校高考适应性考试)‎ Mayor Bill de Blasio designated (指定) the Lunar New Year an official public school holiday in New York City in June，2015.‎ The move came after de Blasio in March，2015 declared school holidays on the most－observed holidays in Islam，Eid al－Fitr and Eid al－Adha.De Blasio，making good on a promise made during his 2013 mayoral campaign，said students would also have a day off on the Lunar New Year，and not long ago the Asian holiday took place on February 8，2016.‎ ‎“About 15% of the city's school system is of Asian descent(血统)，and many students have been taking the day off as a sick day，” said State Senator Daniel Squadron.“It's a big deal，” he said, whose district includes Manhattan's Chinatown.“Families have had to choose between their most important cultural celebration and missing a day of school.”‎ The city's Department of Education had been working on the practical arrangements for adding another holiday while maintaining the legal 180 school days.The problem was solved by combining two half days that previously did not count towards the total to form a single full day that can be counted towards the total.After San Francisco，New York is the second major urban school district to add the Lunar New Year to the official school calendar.‎ ‎“This holiday is not about kids just getting a day off from school，” said Assemblyman Ron Kim.“It's about the City of New York telling hundreds of Asian－American societies that America is a cultural melting pot.” Kim said recognizing the holiday is one way of pushing back against feelings of isolation and marginalization (边缘化) felt by the Asian－American community.‎ 本文是一篇新闻报道。纽约市长宣布公立学校春节放假一天，亚裔存在感进一步增强。‎ ‎9．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．Make use of. B．Stand by.‎ C．Keep up with. D．Go against.‎ B　[词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的“said students would also have a day off on the Lunar New Year，and not long ago the Asian holiday took place on February 8，2016”可知，de Blasio说学生也将在春节放假一天，而不久前，这个亚洲节日就在2016年2月8日到来了。由此可推知，此处指de Blasio兑现了他在2013年的市长选举中许下的诺言。stand by sth.意为“仍然遵守诺言(或协议等)”，与画线部分意思相近。]‎ ‎10．How does New York make the Lunar New Year an official public school holiday?‎ A．By cancelling a legal 1－day holiday.‎ B．By copying the way of San Francisco.‎ C．By adding a new full day to the school calendar.‎ D．By changing the legal 180 school days.‎ C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The problem was solved by combining two half days that previously did not count towards the total to form a single full day that can be counted towards the total.”可知，解决这个问题的方法是把原来不算进法定的180天教学日的两个半天合并为一天，并算进教学日的总天数中，故选C。]‎ ‎[易错点拨]‎ D项是易错项，但是原文是“The city's Department of Education had been working on the practical arrangements for adding another holiday while maintaining the legal 180 school days.”，即在保持现行的法定教学日总天数不变的前提下，‎ 增加一个假期，故D项错在了changing上。]‎ ‎11．What do we know from Ron Kim's words?‎ A．He's opposed to the new school holiday.‎ B．Asian culture is valued most in New York.‎ C．Asian culture is part of the American society.‎ D．The holiday wipes out Asian Americans' isolation.‎ C　[推理判断题。由最后一段中的“It's about the City of New York telling hundreds of Asian－American societies that America is a cultural melting pot.”可知，学校春节放假一天是纽约市在告诉数以百计的亚裔美国群体，美国是一个文化熔炉。言外之意就是美国接受外国的文化，外国文化同样是美国社会的一部分。故选C。]‎ ‎12．What's the best title for this passage?‎ A．A new public school holiday in New York B．A promise made by the mayor of New York C．Cultural differences between America and Asia D．A revolution of the Lunar New Year in New York A　[主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了纽约的公立学校增加了一个新的节假日——春节，这反映出亚洲文化已经成为美国文化的一部分。故A项最能概括文章大意。]‎ ‎ 类型6| 生态环保 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.生态环保的现状，造成的影响。‎ ‎2．生态环境被破坏的因素，产生的后果。‎ ‎3．保护生态环境的措施、步骤。‎ ‎1.理清文章的行文结构，把握主旨大意。‎ ‎2．抓住造成生态环境变迁的原因这一主线。‎ ‎3．领会作者所透露出的观点态度。‎ ‎(2016·北京高考·阅读C)‎ California Condor's Shocking Recovery California condors are North America's largest birds，with winglength of up to 3‎ ‎ meters.In the 1980s，electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out.Now，electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.‎ California condor In the late 1980s，the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖)．Since 1992，there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild，and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona，Utah and Baja in Mexico.‎ Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night，they just don't see the power lines，” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines，resulting in electrocution (电死) if they touch two lines at once.‎ So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.Tall poles，placed in large training areas，teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock.Before the training was introduced，66% of set－free birds died of electrocution.This has now dropped to 18%.‎ Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead，they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds，and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，where they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.‎ Rideout's team thinks that the California condors' average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now，” he says.“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”‎ ‎63．California condors attract researchers' interest because they ．‎ A．are active at night B．had to be bred in the wild C．are found only in California D．almost died out in the 1980s ‎64．Researchers have found electrical lines are ．‎ A．blocking condors' journey home B．big killers of California condors C．rest places for condors at night D．used to keep condors away ‎65．According to Paragraph 5，lead poisoning ．‎ A．makes condors too nervous to fly B．has little effect on condors' kidneys C．can hardly be gotten rid of from condors' blood D．makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds ‎66．This passage shows that ．‎ A．the average survival time of condors is satisfactory B．Rideout's research interest lies in electric engineering C．the efforts to protect condors have brought good results D．researchers have found the final answers to the problem 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国加利福尼亚秃鹰由于触电和铅中毒而濒临灭绝，研究人员采取了一些措施来挽救秃鹰，从而使这一种群渐渐恢复了生机。‎ 长难句解读：‎ So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，where they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.‎ 分析：本句为复合句。主语部分有with短语作定语，where引导的定语从句修饰前面的Los Angeles Zoo，a chemical为calcium EDTA的同位语，其后是that引导的定语从句。‎ 翻译：于是，体内含有高剂量铅的秃鹰被送往洛杉矶动物园。在那里，用一种名为EDTA的钙物质为其治疗，这是一种化学药物，能够在几天时间内清除血液中的铅。‎ ‎63．D　[推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，20世纪80年代，由于触电和铅中毒，加利福尼亚州的秃鹰濒临灭绝，20世纪80年代末，仅剩的几只秃鹰从野外被带回繁殖，由此可推断正是秃鹰濒临灭绝才引起了研究人员的注意和兴趣，故选D项。]‎ ‎64．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，电线一直是使秃鹰丧命的杀手，并且解释原因说，秃鹰晚上休息的时候看不见电线，而它们宽大的翅膀正好同时搭在两根电线上，于是它们立刻就被电死了，故选B项。]‎ ‎65．D　[细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，铅中毒影响了秃鹰的神经系统和繁殖能力(affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds)，并且可以导致它们肾衰竭和死亡，故选D项。]‎ ‎66．C　[推理判断题。本文主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚秃鹰濒临灭绝以及科研人员为挽救它们而展开的救援和研究工作，且实施的措施有了回报(pay off)，故选C项。]‎ A ‎(2016·长沙四校模拟)‎ Eco－friendly Car Racer Can you image a car racer is so eco－friendly that its tyres are made from potatoes，its body is created from hemp (大麻)and rapeseed oil and it runs on fuel made from wheat and sugar beet? The one－seater racing car called Eco One is built by experts from Warwick University，who hope that Eco One will be adopted by the automotive industry.It is sold at ￡41，000.‎ Pollution－sensitive Dress Don't be caught outside unaware of pollution levels in the air.The pollution－sensitive EPA Dress by Stephanie Sandstrom notices pollution in the air accordingly.This dress—which is actually quite pretty—looks like you pull it from the bottom of the dirty laundry pile when the air is dirty.It might protect your health by advising you to stay indoors for the day，but it won't do you any favor if you're meeting with clients.‎ Eco－friendly Umbrella Traditional umbrellas come with a fixed surface.Although it's changeable，you cannot replace it easily.This eco－friendly design is more flexible.It's actually only an umbrella skeleton without any surface，which can be folded，so you can put anything such as newspapers，plastic bags or whatever you want to serve as the protecting surface.‎ Eco－friendly Moss (苔藓) Carpet It's said that walking on fresh grass increases your blood circulation.The Moss Carpet，created by Nguyen La Chanh，looks at getting the grass to your feet.The mat includes ball moss，island moss and forest moss.The humidity(湿度) of the bathroom makes sure that it grows well.And that's why you need to place it there and not anywhere else.‎ 本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四款环保型科技产品。‎ ‎1．According to Paragraph 1，we can find Eco One ．‎ A．can seat one passenger and one driver B．is mainly made from some kinds of plants C．can't be afforded by the public at present D．will take the place of the traditional car industry B　[推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句可知，Eco One是主要由植物制成的环保型产品，故选B。]‎ ‎2．Why is EPA Dress designed?‎ A．To advise people to stay at home as often as possible.‎ B．To make women look pretty even in the polluted air.‎ C．To stop people from meeting their clients if necessary.‎ D．To keep users informed of the polluted levels in the air.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The pollution－sensitive EPA Dress by Stephanie Sandstrom notices pollution in the air accordingly.”可知，EPA Dress有助于让使用者了解到空气的污染程度。故选D。]‎ ‎3．Compared with traditional umbrellas, the Eco－friendly Umbrella ．‎ A．is changeable B．can be folded C．hasn't any surface D．is made of newspapers C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Traditional umbrellas...It's actually only an umbrella skeleton without any surface，which can be folded”可知答案。]‎ ‎4．Where does the text probably come from?‎ A．A personal blog.‎ B．A health report.‎ C．An official document.‎ D．A science report.‎ D　[推理判断题。文中主要介绍了四款环保型科技产品，故可推知其最有可能摘自科技报告。]‎ B ‎(2016·合肥市第二次教学质检)‎ I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean.Growing up in Australia，I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side.The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay，I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore.‎ For my 10th birthday，my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef.There were fish in different colors，caves and layers of coral.They made such an impression on me.When I learned that only 1 percent of Australia's Coral Sea was protected，I was shocked.Australian marine(海洋的) life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth.But sadly，only 45% of the world's reefs are considered healthy.‎ This statistic is depressing，so it's important for us to do everything to protect them.The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action.I've become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity，which aims to create the largest marine park in the world.It would serve as a place where the ocean's species will all have a safe place forever.‎ Together，Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be part of the movement.Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ‎ ocean as a young boy，who grew up sailing，admiring the beauty of the ocean，and trying to find the secrets of ocean species.‎ 本文旨在号召人们保护海洋生物。‎ ‎5．From the underlined sentence in Para.1，we can learn the author ．‎ A．seldom went surfing at the sea B．forgot his experiences about the ocean C．never went back to his hometown D．had a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay D　[推理判断题。根据“I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean”和“I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side”可知，作者非常喜欢海洋，画线句意为“我突然有了一种不想再踏上陆地的感觉”，说明Halfmoon Bay给作者留下了一个美好的印象。故选D。]‎ ‎6．According to the second paragraph，Australian marine life ．‎ A．is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually B．depends on reefs for living greatly C．may be faced with danger D．is protected better than that in other oceans C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Australian marine(海洋的)life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth.But sadly，only 45% of the world's reefs are considered healthy.”可推知，澳大利亚的海洋生物可能处在危险之中。故选C。]‎ ‎7．The Protect Our Coral Sea activity is intended to ．‎ A．contribute to a complete ecosystem B．prevent more marine species being endangered C．set up a large nature reserve for reefs D．raise more teenagers' environmental awareness B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“which aims to create the largest marine park in the world.It would serve as a place where the ocean's species will all have a safe place forever”可知，其目的是保护海洋生物免受危险。故选B。]‎ ‎8．Angus and the author create a little video to ．‎ A．urge more people to take action to protect the marine species B．inspire more people to explore the secret of the ocean C．share their childhood experiences about the ocean D．bring back to people their memory of ocean species A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，他们的目的是鼓励人们参与到保护海洋生物的行动中来。故选A。] ‎ ‎【导学号：90892005】‎ C ‎(2016·沈阳市教学质量检测)‎ In 2013 alone at least 20，000 African elephants were killed for their teeth.In South Africa over the last two years more than 2，200 rhinos were killed for their horns.These numbers are alarming，because current rates of illegal hunting are faster than birth rates，which could lead to extinction of these ecologically important creatures in the environment.Indeed，some elephant and rhino populations are on track to be locally extinct within the next decade.‎ If you are reading this，you may already be aware of these facts.But you might not know that wildlife trafficking(非法交易) not only threatens the existence of elephants and rhinos but is also leading to extinction of other species，such as tigers，tortoises，sea turtles，and the world's most trafficked mammal (哺乳动物)—pangolins(穿山甲)．‎ Pangolins are the only mammals that are entirely covered in tough scales(鳞)，which makes them look very strong.But actually they are endangered mammals.There are eight different species of pangolins，four in Asia and four in Africa，and all are threatened with extinction.Although pangolins are protected throughout most of the countries where they live，high demand in East Asia，where the delicious pangolin meat is considered a delicacy and where their scales are used in traditional medicines，is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts.The number of pangolin trafficking is shocking.Experts believe that over the last 10 years more than 1 million pangolins were taken from the wild.It is estimated that between 40，000 and 81，250 pangolins were killed for the illegal trade in 2013‎ ‎ alone.‎ In February，the United States released a plan to deal with wildlife trafficking，which lays out the steps we will take to fight the illegal trade in wildlife，including pangolins.We are strengthening the carrying out of the plan; building international cooperation and contribution to protect wildlife; raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.‎ Get involved and remember World Wildlife Day (March 3 )by spreading the plan.Use social media and tell everyone that now it is time to get serious about wildlife crime and end the demand that threatens species，big and small，from the huge elephant to the shy pangolin.‎ 由于人们的捕猎，一些物种濒临灭绝。本文号召人们行动起来，保护濒危物种。‎ ‎9．How many endangered creatures are mentioned in the passage?‎ A．4. B．5.‎ C．6. D．7.‎ C　[细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，文章提到了大象、犀牛、老虎、陆龟、海龟、穿山甲六种濒临灭绝的动物。故选C项。]‎ ‎10．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?‎ A．Eight species of pangolins live on the same continent.‎ B．Pangolins are not protected in most of their natural habitats.‎ C．The scales of pangolins can be used as an ingredient for cooking.‎ D．High demand contributes to the illegal trade of pangolins in East Asia.‎ D　[正误判断题。根据第三段中的“high demand in East Asia...is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts”可知，高需求导致了东亚穿山甲非法交易的发生，即D项正确。]‎ ‎11．What can we know about the plan released by the US?‎ A．Social media will be used to spread World Wildlife Day.‎ B．Whether the plan will be worked out remains to be seen.‎ C．The US will work together with other countries to protect wildlife.‎ D．More and more people are advised to increase their needs of pangolins.‎ C　[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“We are strengthening the ‎ carrying out of the plan；building international cooperation and contribution to protect wildlife；raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.”可知，美国将联合其他国家保护野生动物，即C项正确。]‎ ‎12．What is the author's intention of writing the passage?‎ A．To inform us something about World Wildlife Day.‎ B．To raise awareness of protecting endangered wildlife.‎ C．To explain why pangolins are illegally traded in East Asia.‎ D．To show how the United States is to fight the illegal trade in wildlife.‎ B　[目的意图题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是增强人们保护濒危物种的意识，即B项正确。]‎ 类型7| 文化教育 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.文章的主题。‎ ‎2．所述文化教育的发展、特点、功能。‎ ‎3．不同文化教育间的异同、优点及缺点。‎ ‎4．价值观、道德观、风俗习惯的形成。‎ ‎1.抓住文章的内在逻辑关系，理清脉络。‎ ‎2．定位关键信息词、主题句，明确主旨。‎ ‎3．重点关注所述对象的特征，并进行归纳概括。‎ ‎(2016·天津高考·阅读C)When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all, he was happier.Far happier.‎ These are the findings of a 40－year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，”said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”‎ Vaillant's study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47.Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men's mental－health scores with their boyhood－activity scores.Points were awarded for part－time jobs, housework, effort in school，and ability to deal with problems.‎ The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp．Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.‎ Working—at any age—is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn't everything.As Tolstoy once said，“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work.”‎ ‎46．What do we know about John?‎ A．He enjoyed his career and marriage.‎ B．He had few childhood playmates.‎ C．He received little love from his family.‎ D．He was envied by others in his childhood.‎ ‎47．Vaillant's words in Paragraph 2 serve as ．‎ A．a description of personal values and social values B．an analysis of how work was related to competence C．an example for parents' expectations of their children D．an explanation why some boys grew into happy men ‎48．Vaillant's team obtained their findings by ．‎ A．recording the boys' effort in school B．evaluating the men's mental health C．comparing different sets of scores D．measuring the men's problem solving ability ‎49．What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Quick to react.‎ B．Having a thin edge.‎ C．Clear and definite.‎ D．Sudden and rapid.‎ ‎50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．Competent adults know more about love than work.‎ B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.‎ C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.‎ D．Independence is the key to one's success.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。约翰小时候父母会让他干一些力所能及的活儿，长大后他成了一个更快乐的人。由此可以看出：童年的劳动是非常重要的。它可以培养孩子的责任感、独立性、自信心以及解决问题的能力。这是精神健康的基础，与其精彩的成年生活息息相关。‎ 长难句解读：‎ ‎“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant，the psychologist who made the discovery.‎ 分析：引号内的句子为复合句。Boys之后为who引导的定语从句修饰Boys，而they were worthwhile members of society为宾语从句，作feel的宾语。引号外who made the discovery为定语从句修饰the psychologist。‎ 翻译：做出这个发现的心理学家George Vaillant说：“在家中或社区劳动的男孩能够获得能力并且感受到他们是有价值的社会成员。”‎ ‎46．A　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段信息“He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage and was healthier.”可知，约翰对自己的工作和婚姻很满意，故选A项。]‎ ‎47．D　[推理判断题。第二段中，Vaillant通过40年的研究得出结论：那些小时候在家里或者社区里劳动的男孩获得了能力，感到自己对社会有价值。正因为他们自我感觉好，所以别人也觉得他们好。由此可知，‎ 这些话解释了一些男孩成年后更快乐的原因，故选D项。]‎ ‎48．C　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段信息“Under Vaillant，the researchers compared the men's mental－health scores with their boyhood－activity scores.”可知，Vaillant的团队是通过比较一些分数来得出结论的，故选C项。]‎ ‎49．C　[词义猜测题。根据文章第四段信息twice as likely to ...，five times as likely to ...and 16 times less likely to ...可知，人们童年的行为和成年后的状况之间的联系明显得让人吃惊。sharp此处意为clear and definite(清楚和确定的)，故选C项。]‎ ‎50．B　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，童年的劳动能够帮助一个孩子培养责任感、独立性、自信心和能力，这些都是一个人精神健康的基础，emotional health是本段的主题，故选B项。]‎ A ‎(2016·石家庄市高中毕业班第一次模拟)‎ When I was about ten years old，I was walking down the street with my mother.She stopped to speak to Mr.Lee，and I knew I could see Mr.Lee any time around the neighborhood，so I didn't pay any attention to him.After we passed Mr.Lee，my mother stopped me and said something that has stuck with me from that day until now.She said，“You let that be the last time you've ever walked by somebody and not opened up your mouth to speak，because even a dog will wag its tail when it passes you on the street.”Mother's words sound simple，but it's been a guidepost for me and the foundation of who I am.‎ It's not just something I believe in; it's become a way of life.I believe that every person deserves to feel someone acknowledge their presence，no matter how humble(卑微的)they may be.‎ At work，I always said hello to the founder of the company and asked him how our business was doing.But I also spoke to the people who cleaned the buildings and asked how their children were doing.After a few years of greeting the founder，I had the courage to ask him for a meeting.We had a great talk.At a certain point I asked him how far he thought I could go in his company.He said，“If you want ‎ to，you can get all the way to this seat.”‎ I've become vice president，but that hasn't changed the way I approach people.I still follow my mother's advice.I speak to everyone I see，no matter where I am.I've learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world，and it allows them to come into mine，too.‎ 作者小时候因为在路上没有给邻居打招呼而受到了母亲的批评。母亲的话使作者悟出了主动与别人交流的重要性。‎ ‎1．What did the author do when he met Mr.Lee?‎ A．He talked with somebody else.‎ B．He was attracted by a dog.‎ C．He greeted him politely.‎ D．He ignored him.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据第一段的“so I didn't pay any attention to him”可知，作者的母亲与邻居说话时，作者没有在意邻居，故选D。]‎ ‎2．What kind of person is the author's mother?‎ A．Optimistic. B．Kind－hearted.‎ C．Strict. D．Open－minded.‎ C　[推理判断题。根据第一段的“You let that be the last time you've ever walked by somebody...because even a dog will wag its tail when it passes you on the street”可推知，母亲对作者很严格。]‎ ‎3．How did the company founder reply to the author?‎ A．He played a joke.‎ B．He inspired him.‎ C．He invited him to coffee.‎ D．He gave him the seat.‎ B　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“If you want to，you can get all the way to this seat.”可知，公司的创办人说如果作者想要在公司发展，他完全可以坐到创办人的位置，由此可推知，这位领导在鼓励作者。]‎ ‎4．What does the author think of saying hello to people?‎ A．It can build connections with others.‎ B．It's a way to show sympathy to humble people.‎ C．It's a must to become a president.‎ D．It can bring him what he wants.‎ A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“speaking to people creates a pathway into their world，and it allows them to come into mine，too”可知，向别人问候有助于建立人际关系，故选A。]‎ B ‎(2016·福州高中毕业班质量检查)‎ At primary school in New Zealand，I was introduced to a school savings account run by one of the local banks.When our money box was full，we took it to the bank and watched with pride as our coins flowed across the counter.As a reward，we could choose our next money box from a small variety，and start the whole savings routine again.Every week I watched my parents sort out the housekeeping and “make ends meet”．Sometimes it was annoying to wait for things we really felt we needed.‎ Later，as a university student，I managed on an extremely small student allowance.Students were ignored by banks then，because we were so poor，and there was no way I could have gotten credit，even if I had tried.We collected our allowance three times each year，deposited it to the best advantage and withdrew it little by little to last until the next payout of the allowance.‎ When our daughter，Sophie，began to walk，we made a purposeful choice to encourage her to use money wisely.We often comment when the TV tells us “You owe it to yourself to borrow our money”—to whom do we really owe it？And what would happen if our income were reduced or dried up? Now，as a 12－year－old child，it's almost embarrassing to see her tight “financial policy”，and wait for the unavoidable holiday sales to buy what she wants.‎ I agree that financial education in schools is very important.But the root of the problem lies with us and the way we behave as role models to those who follow.‎ 本文主要讨论了儿童如何理财的问题。‎ ‎5．What did the author learn from her parents?‎ A．How to become a banker.‎ B．Where to open a savings account.‎ C．Where to choose a money box.‎ D．How to make ends meet.‎ D　[推理判断题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“Every week I watched my parents sort out the housekeeping and‘make ends meet’．”可知，作者在观察父母的理财行为中学到了一些关于如何管理自己财务的方法。]‎ ‎6．How did the author manage the student allowance?‎ A．He applied for a credit card.‎ B．He spent it three times a year.‎ C．He put it in the bank.‎ D．He seldom withdrew it.‎ C　[细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“We collected our allowance three times each year，deposited it to the best advantage and withdrew it little by little to last until the next payout of the allowance.”可知，作者把自己学生的津贴存到银行里。]‎ ‎7．What reflects Sophie's tight “financial policy” ?‎ A．Reducing her savings.‎ B．Buying things on sales.‎ C．Canceling holiday plans.‎ D．Borrowing money from banks.‎ B　[细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“Now，as a 12－year－old child，it's almost embarrassing to see her tight‘financial policy’，and wait for the unavoidable holiday sales to buy what she wants.”可知，Sophie的财务很紧张，她要等到节假日打折时才能买自己心仪的东西。]‎ ‎8．What's the text mainly about?‎ A．Parents' money problems.‎ B．Students' school performance.‎ C．Children's saving behavior.‎ D．Children's financial education.‎ D　[主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“financial education in schools is very ‎ important”以及对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是儿童的理财教育问题。]‎ C ‎(2016·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟)‎ It's a familiar feeling.Your friend has made the team for Saturday's big game，and you take certain pleasure in telling him you can't be there to watch him play.You smile，but that voice in you asks，why him and not you?‎ Envy is a fault that we like to keep secret.It raises its ugly head when we focus on what we want but don't possess now，or we may even wish for and take pleasure in someone losing it.Feelings of unfairness are part of being human，but when you focus on them，you can never get out of your dark emotions.And that makes you feel bad.‎ So is there a solution? Is there anything you can do to stop the most ungenerous emotions?‎ Well，why not turn envy on its head，and make it the encouragement you need for self－improvement? The best weapon against envy is not to compete where you can't shine，but to do your absolute best where you can.‎ Start by making peace with yourself，and accept the gifts which make you unique.Make an agreement with yourself to be the best you can be.Then find out exactly the circumstances and qualities in others that start your envy.Is it someone's singing voice，their work promotion，or their new car? Envy shows us the things we'd like to have，so make a plan to earn what's important to you.Sign up for a night class.Start a training program.Give up a treat or two，and start saving for what you want.‎ And aim for real pleasure in the achievements and good fortune of others.Cheer on your friend when he scores that goal.Enjoy your best friend's wedding day.Then go out and do something special, and make you wonderfully proud of yourself.‎ 本文是一篇说明文。忌妒会给人带来不良情绪。本文作者提出应对忌妒的最好方法就是将自己的强项发挥到极致，为自己感到骄傲，同时也为别人取得的成功而快乐。‎ ‎9．The first paragraph is meant to ．‎ A．give examples B．tell the main idea C．introduce the topic D．ask the question C　[推理判断题。作者在文章第一段举出一个让人感觉忌妒的例子是为了引出话题，即如何应对忌妒给人带来的不良影响，因此选C。]‎ ‎10．When envy appears，we actually ．‎ A．ignore its existence B．have feelings of unfairness C．share it with friends D．lose something of our own B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Feelings of unfairness are part of being human”可知，忌妒感出现时，我们确实感到不公平，觉得为什么别人可以拥有而自己却没有，因此选B。]‎ ‎11．What is the best way to help stop envy?‎ A．Developing your own strength to the full.‎ B．Competing for what you are not good at.‎ C．Forgetting about the things you can't get.‎ D．Trying to get anything that makes you envy.‎ A　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“The best weapon against envy is not to compete where you can't shine，but to do your absolute best where you can.”可知，停止忌妒的最好方法就是将自己的强项发挥到极致，因此选A。]‎ ‎12．What is the author's attitude towards people with envy?‎ A．Subjective. B．Objective.‎ C．Unconcerned. D．Worried.‎ B　[作者态度题。作者客观地介绍了忌妒给人带来的消极影响，并提出了应对忌妒、使人过得快乐的有效方法，因此选择B。subjective“主观的”；objective“客观的”；unconcerned“不关心的”；worried“担心的”。] ‎ ‎【导学号：90892006】‎ ‎ ‎ 类型8| 社会生活 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.社会生活中所遇到的各种机遇和挑战。‎ ‎2．迎接机遇或挑战的观点和态度。‎ ‎3．处理或解决问题的方式方法。‎ ‎4．人们工作、生活、社交的方式及其影响。‎ ‎1.明确文章的体裁，把握文章的结构。‎ ‎2．运用归纳概括等方法得出文章的主题。‎ ‎3．明确事情的前因后果，找出问题的解决办法。‎ ‎4．抓住诸多细节，推知文章的寓意。‎ ‎(2016·全国乙卷·阅读B)‎ Grandparents Answer a Call As a third－generation native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children，she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.‎ No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama's mother－in－law，Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study by grandparents.com，83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.‎ ‎“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”says Christine Crosby，publisher of Grand，a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them，especially when you're raising ‎ children.”‎ Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder.‎ ‎25．Why was Garza's move a success?‎ A．It strengthened her family ties.‎ B．It improved her living conditions.‎ C．It enabled her to make more friends.‎ D．It helped her know more new places.‎ ‎26．What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson's decision?‎ A．17% expressed their support for it.‎ B．Few people responded sympathetically.‎ C．83% believed it had a bad influence.‎ D．The majority thought it was a trend.‎ ‎27．What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?‎ A．They were unsure of themselves.‎ B．They were eager to raise more children.‎ C．They wanted to live away from their parents.‎ D．They had little respect for their grandparents.‎ ‎28．What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?‎ A．Make decisions in the best interests of their own.‎ B．Ask their children to pay more visits to them.‎ C．Sacrifice for their struggling children.‎ D．Get to know themselves better.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了祖父母接到后代与他们同住的邀请后该如何做出选择。‎ 长难句解读：‎ Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder.‎ 分析：本句为并列句。but前的第一个分句中，Having your grandchildren far away为动名词短语作主语，especially knowing your adult child is struggling为现在分词短语作状语；but后的第二个分句中，giving up the life为动名词短语作主语，you know为定语从句修饰其前的the life。‎ 翻译：与孩子们距离远是痛苦的，尤其是知道你的成年子女生活艰难，但是放弃你熟悉的生活可能更艰难。‎ ‎25．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..giving them a closer relationship...可知，Garza搬去和晚辈同住后，他们的关系更亲密了，这与A项的表述“这加强了她的家庭关系”相吻合，故选A项。]‎ ‎26．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Two－thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.”可知，三分之二的人认为更多的家庭将效仿奥巴马的家庭，由此可知它将成为一种趋势，故选D项。]‎ ‎27．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own...”可知，在20世纪60年代，人们都有点儿狂野，急于“远走高飞”来证明自己的能力，这与C项的表述“他们想远离父母生活”相吻合，故选C项。]‎ ‎28．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Moving is not for everyone.”以及“it is wiser to say no and visit frequently”可知，作者建议老年人从自己的利益出发，做出选择，故选A项。]‎ A ‎(2016·长春市普通高中质量监测)‎ One of the biggest social issues in Japan is the increasingly low marriage rates among young people and the low birth rates，which lead to an aging and eventually shrinking(萎缩) population.Most young Japanese women simply don't seem interested in having many children.‎ Now what began in Japan is happening globally.As David Brooks wrote，birth rates are becoming lower in much of the world，from Iran—1.7 births per woman—to Russian，where low birth rates connected with high death rates mean the population is ‎ already shrinking.And this includes the US，which has long had higher birth rates than most developed nations.Aging countries will face the burden of caring for large elderly populations without a larger resource of young workers.‎ It's true that global aging is going to present some major challenges.Who will take care of the elderly? Will an older world be less active and slower to change and adapt？It's all true.Sometimes I worry about a coming generational war over resources，just as I worry about how I will take care of my own parents in their old age，just as I worry about who might take care of me.‎ But here's the thing：an older world may have less pressure on the environment.As we all know，the environment is the real victim of overpopulation.‎ So maybe a world that grows slower and grows older will put less pressure on the environment，and buy us a few more years to ensure our energy use，along with our birth rates，reaches a sustainable(可持续的)level.After all，we're supposed to get smarter as we get older.Hopefully that holds true for the planet as well.‎ 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球老龄化带来的挑战，也指出了老龄化社会有利的方面。‎ ‎1．The population issue in Japan is mentioned to ．‎ A．show young people's preference for marriage B．introduce the topic of global birth rates' becoming lower C．indicate the deeper cause of Japan's depression D．emphasize the revolution of Japanese women B　[细节理解题。文章开头提及日本人口出生率低是为了引出全球人口出生率低、老龄化问题。第二段的第一句“Now what began in Japan is happening globally.”也是提示。故选B。]‎ ‎2．Which will be caused by low birth rates according to the passage?‎ A．Aging society.‎ B．Environmental problems.‎ C．High death rates.‎ D．Low employment rates.‎ A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the biggest social issues in Japan ‎ is...and the low birth rates，which lead to an aging and eventually shrinking(萎缩)population.”可知，人口出生率低会导致老龄化社会。故选A。]‎ ‎3．What's the author's attitude to the worldwide birth rates' becoming lower?‎ A．Anxious. B．Disappointed.‎ C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful.‎ C　[观点态度题。根据文章的最后两段可知，老龄化社会也有有利的方面，如减少环境压力、保障能源供应等。故选C。]‎ ‎4．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to David Brooks?‎ A．The birth rates all over the world are becoming lower.‎ B．The most developed countries have higher death rates.‎ C．America is the only developed country with higher birth rates.‎ D．Birth rates' becoming lower means a great risk to aging countries.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，低出生率会导致社会老龄化，而老龄化国家会面临许多老人需要被照顾、年轻劳动力缺乏的巨大挑战。故选D。]‎ B ‎(2016·南昌市第一次模拟)‎ The World Health Organization(WHO)said that processed meat may be carcinogenic (致癌的)．Do you still dare eat cancer－linked processed meat? Here are some comments on the website.‎ Bill (Australia) I'd rather live a short，pleasant life than a long，unhappy one，denying (拒绝给予) myself tasty food just because some experts say it's not healthy.We should all enjoy the life we have—if I had listened to every piece of health advice I would never go anywhere，eat anything or enjoy life in any way.So，I won't change my habit.I am going to have a bacon sandwich，glass of wine，burger，can of coke whenever I feel like them.‎ Tim (America) Is meat really as bad as smoking? I don't think so.According to the WHO 34，000 people die worldwide per year because they eat processed meat.In 2012，8.2 million people died of cancer worldwide.That means if you eat a lot of processed meat you have a chance of being among the 0.41 percent of people dying of cancer because of processed meat.I'll take the chance.‎ Helen (Switzerland) The WHO doesn't say that just one bite of meat causes ‎ cancer，but it is rather saying that people should vary their diet.People who eat more meat often have other unhealthy habits.They usually eat fewer fruits and vegetables and they also often exercise less.‎ Van (China) Perhaps this report will make people consider becoming vegetarians (素食者)．So for your health，the environment and future generations，it is not difficult; it just needs a change of attitude.There is a vast variety of other delicious food available to enjoy.‎ 本文主要介绍了一些网民对于世界卫生组织公布的食用加工肉制品可能致癌的这一信息的个人看法。‎ ‎5．What if Bill has to change his habit?‎ A．He'll feel unhappy.‎ B．He'll live a pleasant life.‎ C．He'll go on a diet.‎ D．He'll become a vegetarian.‎ A　[推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句“I'd rather live a short，pleasant life than a long，unhappy one，denying(拒绝给予)myself tasty food just because some experts say it's not healthy.”可推知，Bill如果改变目前的饮食习惯，他会不开心的。]‎ ‎6．What does Tim think about eating processed meat?‎ A．Too risky.‎ B．Fairly safe.‎ C．Popular worldwide.‎ D．Very unhealthy.‎ B　[推理判断题。根据第三段的“Is meat really as bad as smoking？I don't think so.”和“That means if you eat a lot of processed meat you have a chance of being among the 0.41 percent of people dying of cancer because of processed meat.I'll take the chance.”可知，Tim认为吃加工肉制品并不是什么要命的事儿，还是比较安全的。]‎ ‎7．What may be Helen's response to WHO's warning?‎ A．Caring little about it.‎ B．Eating whatever she likes.‎ C．Varying the diet and doing more exercise.‎ D．Taking a diet without meat.‎ C　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“...it is rather saying that people should vary their diet.People who eat more meat often have other unhealthy habits.They usually eat fewer fruits and vegetables and they also often exercise less.”可知，Helen对WHO的警告的回应应该是饮食多样化并多锻炼身体。]‎ ‎8．Who have the most similar viewpoints?‎ A．Bill and Tim.‎ B．Tim and Helen.‎ C．Helen and Van.‎ D．Bill and Van.‎ A　[细节理解题。根据对文章第二段和第三段的整体理解可知，Bill和Tim都认为是可以吃加工肉制品的。] ‎ ‎【导学号：90892007】‎ C ‎(2016·福建省五校统一考试)‎ Vacation is a time for refreshment.In work，we are often called to think.Sometimes，it's good to give our brains a rest.Without a break，we may not be able to perform up to our potential.This can be a problem，not only for the employee，but for the employer as well.‎ ‎“The main benefit of vacation is for the workers to come back energized，” says Weaver.“If they haven't had a break，then they're not coming back with new energy.They haven't had a chance to step back and get perspective(客观判断力)，and come back with renewed enthusiasm.”‎ Long working hours without a break，insecurity(无保障) about one's job，and other work－related worries can lead to burnout and stress.Humans can usually adapt to pressure，but not for a limitless amount of time.‎ ‎“It is a problem of relating good workers and having them loyal to the firm while they're there，” says David Maume，PhD，professor of sociology at the ‎ University of Cincinnati.He says burnout can also affect employees' productivity，creativity，and effectiveness.‎ In addition, high levels of stress are likely to be precursors (前兆) to depression，which can hit both the employer and employee's pocketbook.Even people who manage to remain productive at work can have problems.If they're always at work，then they're not with their family and friends.If they're working while on vacation，for the time that they're on the job，they're not really present.‎ An unbalanced emphasis on work can strain family and social life.When you come up for air，you may see that you're alone，or that your relationships have gone on without you.‎ 员工的休假是必需的。休假可以使员工恢复体力和脑力，从而提高工作效率；如果没有休假，员工会产生焦虑、担心、心不在焉等不良情绪。‎ ‎9．The underlined word“there”in the fourth paragraph probably refers to ．‎ A．the vacation B．the company C．the university D．the home B　[指代判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“‘It is a problem of relating good workers and having them loyal to the firm while they're there’”可知，当员工在公司工作时，使优秀的员工忠诚于公司便成了问题；据此可以判断，句中的“there”指代“firm”，B项意为“公司”，和“firm”为同义词，故B项正确。A项意为“假期”，C项意为“大学”，D项意为“家”，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎10．What's the main benefit of vacation?‎ A．The worker can come back with new energy.‎ B．The worker can step back and get more excited.‎ C．The manager can be more creative.‎ D．The worker can adapt to pressure much better.‎ A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The main benefit of vacation is for the workers to come back energized”可知，休完假后员工会充满活力，故A项正确。]‎ ‎11．When a worker is always at work，he is likely to get more and ‎ more ．‎ A．energetic B．absent－minded C．skillful D．active B　[细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Long working hours without a break，insecurity(无保障)about one's job，and other work－related worries can lead to burnout and stress.”可知，长时间工作，没有休息，会使得员工精疲力尽、压力过大；据此可以判断，如果员工长时间工作而没有休息，他可能会心不在焉，故B项正确。A项意为“精力充沛的”，C项意为“熟练的”，D项意为“活跃的”，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎12．Which of the following is the best title of the text?‎ A．Why the workers need vacation B．How to spend the vacation effectively C．How to deal with the daily pressure D．Why the workers need new energy A　[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文的主题段是第一段；根据该段的第一句“Vacation is a time for refreshment.”和第四句“Without a break，we may not be able to perform up to our potential.”可知，本文主要介绍员工需要休假的原因，故A项最适合作本文标题。B项在文中未提及；C项与文意无关；D项仅为文章细节之一。]‎ 类型9| 政经史地 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.常识，基本概念、原理，现实意义。‎ ‎2．地理现象的形成、影响，自然灾害的起因、后果、预防。‎ ‎3．名胜古迹、文化遗产的形成，特点及其保护。‎ ‎1.弄清文章诸要素之间的内在关系，并据此展开推理判断。‎ ‎2．把握诸如位置、方位等细节，绘制简易地图。‎ ‎3．掌握一些政经史地方面的常识。‎ ‎(2015·湖北高考·阅读C)Hilversum is a medium－sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland，the ‎ Netherlands.Unlike most of the Netherlands，Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.Once called the Garden of Amsterdam，it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests.They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness.For Dutch people，Hilversum is all about textile(纺织) and media industries，and modern architecture.‎ In history，Hilversum was largely an agricultural area.Daily life was marked by farming，sheep raising and wool production.A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum.They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town.One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers，currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands.They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.But the textile boom lasted only several decades.The last factory closed in the 1960s.‎ The change to a media economy started in 1920，when the Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek(NSF) established a radio factory in Hilversum.Most radio stations settled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town.Television gave another push to the local economy.Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands，and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.‎ In the early 1900s，modern architects W．M.Dudok and J．Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum.These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum.Dudok alone shaped most of 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings still bear his unique characteristics.His masterpiece，Hilversum Town Hall，was built in 1928－1931.It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks.The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”．Actually，one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W．M.Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.‎ ‎59．Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ．‎ A．it has a large population B．it is cut off from big cities C．it has many beautiful gardens D．it is in a hilly area with sandy soil ‎60．What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?‎ A．Building a railway link to Amsterdam.‎ B．Helping its textile industry to develop.‎ C．Constructing large villas for the poor.‎ D．Assisting its agricultural industry.‎ ‎61．The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ．‎ A．a radio factory B．the media capital C．a radio station D．a TV station ‎62．What is known about W．M.Dudok's Hilversum Town Hall?‎ A．It consists of approximately 75 buildings.‎ B．It looks like an open air museum in the city.‎ C．It is a classic example in architecture textbooks.‎ D．It has shaped most of 20th century Hilversum.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了荷兰的城市希尔弗瑟姆，向我们展现了这个城市的地理位置、历史概况、经济文化发展状况和建筑等相关信息。‎ 长难句解读：‎ Once called the Garden of Amsterdam，it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests.‎ 分析：本句的主体为it still attracts travelers；Once called the Garden of Amsterdam为过去分词短语作状语；to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests为不定式短语作定语修饰travelers。‎ 翻译：曾经被称作阿姆斯特丹的花园，它仍然吸引着骑车和步行通过周围森林的旅行者。‎ ‎59．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Unlike most of the Netherlands，Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.”可知，希尔弗瑟姆区别于荷兰其他诸多城市的一点就是其处在多山地带，且土壤多是沙土，故选D项。]‎ ‎60．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.”可知，这个富有的家族经营的是纺织产业，他们的迁入促进了希尔弗瑟姆纺织业的快速发展，故选B项。]‎ ‎61．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句The change to a media economy started in 1920，when ...established a radio factory...可知，希尔弗瑟姆媒体产业的开始是以一家无线电工厂的建立为标志的，故选A项。]‎ ‎62．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“His masterpiece，Hilversum Town Hall was built in 1928－1931.It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks.”可知，这个地方举世闻名，已被列入许多建筑学的教科书中，故选C项。]‎ A ‎(2016·兰州市高三实战考试)‎ Beginning with the marvelous tales of Marco Polo's travels across Eurasia to China，the Silk Road has never ceased to entrance the world.Now the ancient cities of Samarkand，Baku，Tashkent, and Bukhara, are once again firing the world's imagination.‎ China is building the world's greatest economic development and construction project ever undertaken: the New Silk Road.The project aims at no less than a revolutionary change in the economic map of the world.It is also seen by many as the first shot in a battle between East and West for dominance (优势) in Eurasia.‎ The ambitious vision is to resurrect(复兴) the ancient Silk Road as a modern transit，trade，and economic corridor that runs from Shanghai to Berlin.The “Road” will traverse China，Mongolia, Russia, Belarus，Poland and Germany，extending more than 8，000 miles，creating an economic zone that extends over one－third the circumference of the earth.‎ The plan envisions(想象) building high－speed railroads，roads and highways, energy transmission and distribution network，and fiber optic networks(光纤网络)．Cities and ports along the route will be targeted for economic development.‎ An equally essential part of the plan is a sea－based “Maritime(海上的)Silk Road (MSR)” component，as ambitious as land－based project，linking China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea through Central Asia and the Indian Ocean.‎ When completed，like the ancient Silk Road，it will connect three continents: Asia, Europe, and Africa.The chain of infrastructure projects will create the world's largest economic corridor，covering a population of 4.4 billion and an economic output of $21 trillion.‎ 本文是一篇说明文。讲述了新丝绸之路将带给人们的影响。‎ ‎1．The passage mainly tells us that ．‎ A．the New Silk Road is a dream of all Chinese B．the New Silk Road is a dream of the whole world C．the New Silk Road could influence global economy D．the construction of the New Silk Road is an idea of Marco Polo C　[主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The‘Road’will traverse China，Mongolia...extending more than 8，000 miles，creating an economic zone that extends over one－third the circumference of the earth.”和最后一段中的“The chain of...the world's largest economic corridor，covering...”可知，新丝绸之路会影响全球经济。故选C。]‎ ‎2．Some aspects which may be effectively improved with the development of the New Silk Road are those EXCEPT ．‎ A．public health B．goods movement C．communication channels D．transportation construction A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The plan envisions(想象)building high－speed railroads，roads and highways...and fiber optic networks(光纤网络)．”可知，选A。]‎ ‎3．According to the passage，we can see that ．‎ A．the New Silk Road has completely been done B．there are many different Silk Roads in the world C．the New Silk Road is certain to get countries all over the world involved D．cities and ports along the New Silk Road may develop more quickly D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Cities and ports along the route will be targeted for economic development.”可推知，沿线城市和港口可能会发展得更快。故选D。]‎ ‎4．What can we learn about Maritime Silk Road?‎ A．It is completely different from the New Silk Road.‎ B．China can't develop trade with other countries without it.‎ C．It acts as a bridge which links the five continents of the world.‎ D．Many countries and large numbers of people will benefit from it.‎ D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The chain of infrastructure projects will create the world's largest economic corridor，covering a population of 4.4 billion and an economic output of $ 21 trillion.”可知，海上丝绸之路将会使许多的国家和人们受益。故选D。] ‎ ‎【导学号：90892008】‎ B ‎(2016·山西省重点中学协作体适应性考试)‎ Great Yarmouth is an English seaside town situated at the mouth of the River Yare，about 120 miles to the northeast of London.Around 5 million people visit Great Yarmouth every year，making it one of Britain's most popular seaside resorts.‎ Formerly the home of one of the most profitable fishing industries，Great Yarmouth is a busy and very popular seaside resort.Undoubtedly，one of the most popular attractions is Great Yarmouth Pleasure Beach，a historic free entry pleasure park，which draws annually 1.5 million visitors.The two piers (突堤码头)，Britannia Pier and Wellington Pier，both contain family－orientated entertainment.As well as the usual thrills one would expect on a classic British seafront，Great Yarmouth also has a quieter side, with a fascinating heritage quarter to explore.Not many people know that Great Yarmouth has the most complete city walls after York，with heritage walks to help you discover this medieval(中世纪的) attraction along with several ‎ museums and houses dating back to many centuries.If ghost walks are more your cup of tea, Eerie Tales and Yarmouth Yarns is the tour for you.‎ Great Yarmouth is also a centre for the North Sea oil and gas industry and increasingly for offshore wind power.The Great Yarmouth Outer Harbour is a huge development currently taking place which can see larger ships coming to the town.The Great Yarmouth Maritime Festival in September each year celebrates Great Yarmouth's maritime heritage.‎ Over the past few years，Great Yarmouth has seen significant construction spending to improve and modernise the popular seafront area and to ensure it is linked to the town centre.Regent Road has a brilliant ceiling of light which is lit up in the evenings and is now a lovely street leading from the town centre to the seafront area.‎ 本文为说明文。介绍了英国海滨小镇大雅茅斯。大雅茅斯因位于耶尔河的出口而得名，它拥有英格兰地区第二完整的中世纪古城墙。每年9月举办大雅茅斯航海节。‎ ‎5．What can we infer about the tour of the heritage area?‎ A．It must be thrilling.‎ B．It is family－orientated.‎ C．The visitors must love peace.‎ D．You are advised to keep calm.‎ C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Great Yarmouth also has a quieter side，with a fascinating heritage quarter to explore”可知，大雅茅斯也有安静的一面，即遗迹区。由此可推知，去参观遗迹的游客应是喜欢平静的。]‎ ‎6．Which of the following is making rapid progress?‎ A．The fishing industry.‎ B．The oil and gas industry.‎ C．The tourist industry.‎ D．The wind power industry.‎ D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“increasingly for offshore wind power”可知，大雅茅斯的风能产业增长迅速。]‎ ‎7．What can we know about Great Yarmouth from the last paragraph?‎ A．Efforts are made to make it more convenient.‎ B．Money is spent handling the traffic jams.‎ C．The housing conditions are greatly improved.‎ D．The service quality is being considered.‎ A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“construction spending to improve and modernise the popular seafront area and to ensure it is linked to the town centre.Regent Road has a brilliant ceiling of light which is lit up in the evenings...”可知，为提升小镇旅游品质，政府打通交通，安装路灯，照亮小镇。]‎ ‎8．What's the best title for the passage?‎ A．The rise of Great Yarmouth B．A fishing town into a modern city C．Main industries of Great Yarmouth D．A dreaming tourist place—Great Yarmouth D　[标题判断题。本文介绍了英国海滨小镇大雅茅斯的位置、景点、产业等，主要目的是做旅游宣传。故D项作文章标题最佳。]‎ C ‎(2016·西安市教学质量检测)‎ Cheerleading(拉拉队) dates back to the late 19th century，when crowds began to chant and yell to encourage their teams.Credit for the first organized cheer was given to a University of Minnesota student named Johnny Campbell，who got the students to shout “Rah，rah，rah! Sku－u－mar，Hoorah! Hoo－rah! Varsity! Varsity! Varsity，Minn－e－so－ta！” for their football team in the 1898 season.Soon after，a yell－leader group of six male students was organized, a practice that became popular at numerous other universities.‎ For the first few decades of its history cheerleading was an all－male activity，but by the 1920s，women began to take part in the activity as well.Nowadays more than 90% of America's cheerleading participants are female.‎ In 1948，Lawrence Herkimer，a former Southern Methodist University cheerleader formed the National Cheerleaders Association (NCA)．Herkimer is credited with creating many of cheerleading's fundamental moves.‎ Cheerleading remained in its supporting role until the 1980s, when cheerleading competitions, organized by the National Cheerleaders Association and other ‎ groups，started to grow in popularity.For the first time, teams got off the sidelines and took centre stage，competing with teams from all over the U．S.‎ Today cheerleaders can be found at almost any kind of sporting event，including the Olympics and the Cricket World Cup.The sport has spread from the U．S.to many other countries，like Mexico.‎ 本文是说明文。简单介绍了拉拉队的发展历史。‎ ‎9．Which of the following is TRUE to the first organized cheer?‎ A．It started in the early 19th century.‎ B．It made crowds around the school chant and yell to encourage their teams.‎ C．It had the students shout certain words for their football team.‎ D．It got a group of six male students to shout for their football team.‎ C　[细节理解题。第一段第二句提到，第一次有组织的加油助威要归功于明尼苏达大学的学生强尼·坎伯，在1898年赛季他让学生(而非学校周围的人或者六个男学生)喊口号为他们的足球队助威，故C项正确，B、D两项错误。此外，再结合第一段的首句可知，拉拉队开始于19世纪晚期，而第一次有组织的加油助威开始于1898年赛季，即19世纪晚期，故A项错误。]‎ ‎10．At the early years of the cheerleading history took part in the activity.‎ A．only men B．only girls C．both males and females D．both youths and adults A　[细节理解题。第二段第一句提到，在拉拉队出现的早期，拉拉队的活动全是男性参加，而到了20世纪20年代才有了女性参加。]‎ ‎11．After the 1980s，teams of cheerleading ．‎ A．played their part on the sidelines B．could play their part on the centre stage C．stayed the same as they were before D．were completely different from what they were before B　[细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，20世纪80年代之后，‎ 拉拉队离开场外区域，进入了场区的中心位置，并且和来自全美的其他队伍竞争。故B项正确。]‎ ‎12．The best title for this passage may be“ ”．‎ A．People who started cheerleading B．How cheerleading was started C．What cheerleading means D．A brief history of cheerleading D　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了拉拉队的发展历史。故D项作文章标题最佳。]‎