专题11 旅游与交通（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题11 旅游与交通（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题11 旅游与交通 ‎【话题解读】‎ ‎ ＂旅游与交通＂是高中新课程标准24话题之一，该话题包括国内外旅游、交通规则、指路与问路、咨询与预订食宿、行程描述等方面。这些话题与学生的日常生活关系密切。高考英语通过这些话题让学生了解旅游的相关知识，培养学生热爱生活的健康情操。‎ ‎　＂旅游与交通＂这个话题常与阅读理解、完形填空、七选五、语法填空等相结合进行考查，分值所占比重较高。例如2017年北京卷书面表达，2017年浙江卷短文改错，2016年全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇；2016全国卷Ⅰ语法填空；2015年新课标卷I语法填空，2015年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇，2015年江苏卷阅读理解A篇，2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ完形填空；2014年江西卷阅读理解B篇，2014年安徽卷完形填空；2010四川卷完形填空等。‎ ‎【相关词汇】‎ ‎1.aboard prep.在(船、飞机、火车、汽车等)上 ‎2.abroad adv.在/到国外 ‎3.accelerate vt.& vi.(使)加速，加快 ‎4.accommodation n.膳宿 ‎5.adventure n.冒险；奇遇 ‎6.aeroplane n.(英)飞机 ‎7.agent n.代理人，经纪人 ‎8.aircraft n.飞机(单复数同形)‎ ‎9.airliner n.班机 ‎10.airport n.机场 ‎11.alternative n.选择；adj.可供选择的 ‎12.amazing adj.惊人的 ‎13.attract vt.吸引；引起 ‎14.attractive adj.迷人的，有吸引力的 ‎15.baggage/luggage n.行李 ‎16.board n.木板；布告牌；委员会；vt.上(船、火车、飞机等)‎ ‎17.book vt.预订；预约 ‎18.brake n.闸；vt.& vi.刹车 ‎19.cab n.(美)出租车 ‎20.carriage n.四轮马车；(火车)客车厢 ‎21.castle n.城堡 ‎22.canal n.运河 ‎23.crowded adj.拥挤的 ‎24.delay vi.& n.拖延，延误，延迟，延期；耽搁 ‎25.destination n.目的地，终点 ‎26.disadvantage n.不利条件；弱点 ‎27.fantastic adj.(口语)极好的，美妙的，很棒的 ‎28.ferry n.渡船 ‎29.flight n.航班 ‎30.fountain n.喷泉 ‎31.guidance n.引导，指导 ‎32.guide n.向导，导游 ‎33.helicopter n.直升飞机 ‎34.impressive adj.给人印象深刻的；令人钦佩的 ‎35.insurance n.保险 ‎36.journey n.旅行；路程 ‎37.land vi.着陆，登岸(陆)；降落 ‎38.lorry n.(英)运货汽车，卡车 ‎39.monument n.纪念碑，纪念物 ‎40.museum n.博物馆，博物院 ‎41.obey v.遵守 ‎42.outing n.郊游，远足 ‎43.pack n.包，捆；vt.打包，包装 ‎44.palace n.宫，宫殿 ‎45.passenger n.乘客，旅客 ‎【相关短语】‎ ‎1.a dream trip梦想之旅 ‎2.a place of interest名胜 ‎3.a summer resort避暑胜地 ‎4.a must-see place必游之地 ‎5.appeal to对……有吸引力 ‎7.be aimed at针对；旨在 ‎8.be struck by被……迷住 ‎9.be/get stuck in被困在 ‎10.beyond description难以形容 ‎【典例剖析】‎ ‎ A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week. In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them ‎ after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.‎ The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists,27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.‎ As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the world’s imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton，a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.‎ ‎33.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ A. They were made last week.‎ B. They showed undersea sceneries.‎ C. They were found by a cameraman.‎ D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.‎ ‎【答案】D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck...”可知，这些照片记录的是一次海难。‎ ‎34.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ A. Frank Hurley. B. Ernest Shackleton.‎ C. Robert Falcon Scott. D. Caroline Alexander.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话中的“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912...”可知，最先到达南极的是Robert Falcon Scott。‎ ‎35.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ A. Artistic creation. B. Scientific research.‎ C. Money making. D. Treasure hunting.‎ ‎【答案】C 名师指津 ‎1.抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 通过阅读文章可知，这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Frank Hurley收集的照片把过去一次不成功的南极洲的旅行活动重新展现了出来，并介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。‎ 文章具体脉络如下：‎ ‎2.总结解题规律，提高解题能力 细微甄别，排除干扰，提高答题准确率 阅读理解题当中的正确选项往往是命题人把阅读材料中的内容和信息用不同的语言形式再现出来。一般而言，答案项的设置采用以下几种方式：(1)选用原文中的词句；(2)利用原文词句的同义词或相似结构；(3)使用原文词句的反义词或相反结构；(4)答案是对生词或长难句的解释；(5)答案是对原文词句或段落的归纳、推理或演绎。在做题过程中要注意仔细甄别，排除其他三个干扰项。‎ 干扰项的设置通常有以下五种方式：‎ ‎(1)颠倒黑白。颠倒黑白即选项和原文的基本观点或者事实相反。原文说东，选项说西；原文说好，选项说坏。这种选项如果和文章的主题、作者的态度或者重要具体内容有关，可以很容易辨析出来。如果和细节有关或者和某一个复杂句式、特殊表达相关，则难度可能会很大。本文三题均考查了细节理解题。在做题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如33题中的A项“They were made last week.”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures...undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week.”可知，如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。而实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。‎ ‎(2)张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。‎ ‎(3)偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。‎ ‎(4)无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。‎ ‎(5)以偏概全。考生在做主旨大意题、标题归纳题或推理判断题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。‎ ‎ ‎