英语卷·2018届《全国百强校》江苏省南通中学高二12月月考英语试题解析（解析版）

英语卷·2018届《全国百强校》江苏省南通中学高二12月月考英语试题解析（解析版）

全*品*高*考*网， 用后离不了！‎ 第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）‎ 第一节 （共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. Why will the man go to Beijing? ‎ A. To relax himself. B. To visit some friends. C. To attend meetings.‎ ‎2. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?‎ A. Manager and secretary. B. Guest and host. C. Shop assistant and customer.‎ ‎3. What do we know about the man?‎ A. He slept well on the plane. B. He had a long trip. C. He had a meeting.‎ ‎4. When will the trousers be ready?‎ ‎ A. Thursday morning. B. Thursday afternoon. C. Friday afternoon.‎ ‎5. How long will the man have to wait for the next bus?‎ ‎ A. Four minutes. B. Six minutes. C. Ten minutes.‎ 第二节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。‎ ‎6. Why is the man talking to the woman?‎ A. Because he wants to buy a house. ‎ B. Because he wants to get a job.‎ ‎ C. Because he wants to rent a flat.‎ ‎7. How much will the man pay for the bigger flat each year?‎ A. 3,000 dollars. B. 2,500 dollars. C. 2,400 dollars.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8. Where does this conversation take place?‎ ‎ A. On the playground. B. Over the phone. C. In the classroom.‎ ‎9. What is the woman probably doing?‎ ‎ A. Watching a basketball game. B. Studying. C. Taking an exam.‎ ‎10. What will the man do this Saturday?‎ A. Play a basketball game. B. Have a cup of coffee. C. Take an exam.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11. Where does the man want to go?‎ A. To a concert. B. To a lecture. C. To a movie.‎ ‎12. What is the problem with taking Bus No. 3?‎ A. The bus doesn’t go directly to the library. ‎ B. The bus goes slowly to the library.‎ C. The bus will not come at once.‎ ‎13. What does the man finally decide to do?‎ A. Walk. B. Wait for the bus. C. Think of another plan.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。‎ ‎14. Where is the man going to travel?‎ ‎ A. New York. B. California. C. Neither.‎ ‎15. How much will the two men probably pay for the tickets altogether?‎ ‎ A. $1,076. B. $ 2,152. C. $ 538.‎ ‎16. Which flights is the man going to take for his round trip?‎ ‎ A. Flight 737 and Flight 215.‎ ‎ B. Flight 737 and Flight 538.‎ ‎ C. Flight 215 and Flight 538.【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。‎ ‎17. What do we know about the U.S. according to the 2016 survey?‎ A. It is not one of the happiest countries in the world.‎ B. It experienced a decline in happiness only from 2005 to 2007.‎ C. It is not included in the top 10 happiest countries.‎ ‎18. Which country has the largest decline in happiness?‎ ‎ A. Greece. B. Burundi. C. Japan.‎ ‎19. Which of the following is the least important factor driving happiness?‎ A. Quality education. B. Wealth. C. Good health.‎ ‎20. What does this passage mainly talk about?‎ A. Americans are less happy than before.‎ B. Denmark is the happiest country.‎ C. Rich countries are happier than poor countries.‎ 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎21. ________ news hit ________Venice Film Festival unexpectedly: Hayao Miyazaki, the world’s most honored creator of animated features, was ending his movie career. ‎ A. 不填；the B. 不填；不填 C. The; 不填 D. The; the ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查冠词。第一空特指“这个新闻”；第二空是专用名词“威尼斯电影节”。可知用定冠词the，故选D。‎ 考点：考查冠词 ‎22. Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary _________ from them to help rebuild the economy.‎ A. commitment B. appointment C. instrument D. requirement ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 考点：考查名词 ‎23. ----Can you help me with my English? ‎ ‎ ----Oh, sorry. I __________ all day.‎ ‎ A. am rushed off my feet B. am struggling to my feet ‎ C. am standing on my own feet D. am knocking off my feet ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查情景交际。rush off one’s feet是习惯用语，表示“忙得不可开交”。故选A。‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ step on one’s foot踩某人的脚；jump to one's feet 一跃而起, 跳起来；on foot步行。‎ 考点：考查情景交际 ‎24. ____once a year by fire officials, whether a school is large or small, is a regulation that must be carried out in this country.‎ ‎ A. Inspected B. Being inspected C. Inspecting D. Having been inspected ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动名词做主语。本句中being inspected once a year by fire officials在句中做主语。句意：在这个国家，无论学校大小，每年被检查一次是一项必须被执行的规则。根据句意可知应该使用动名词的被动语态。故B正确。1【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ 动名词做主与后面的谓语动词用单数形式。Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多对你的眼睛不好。‎ 考点：考查动名词 ‎25. It’s time that I ________ my hair cut. It’s the eighth time that I ________ to the barber’s shop.‎ ‎ A. will have; have gone B. had; go ‎ ‎ C. have; went D. had; have gone ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ ‎1.It is the first(second---)time that 主语+现在完成时态+其他。意思是：第几次做某事了。如果把is改成was，则后面用过去完成时态。It’s the third time that I have come to the Summer Palace.这是我第三次来到颐和园。‎ ‎2.It’s (high) time that 主语+一般过去时态+其他。现在是该做某事的时间了。It’s high time that we had lunch.现在是我们该吃午饭的时间了。‎ ‎3. It is/has been+一段时间+since 主语+一般过去时态+---。自从---有多长时间了。在这个句型中since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时态，分两种情况：（1）如果从句的动词是终止性动词leave/come/---，则表示“从动作开始到现在多长时间了。”It is three years since he began to smoke.他已经吸烟三年了。（2）如果从句的动词是持续性动词stay/smoke/live---，则表示“从动作结束到现在多长时间了”。 It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟三年了。1‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气和固定句型 ‎26. Although she is ______ me ______ two years, she has more working experience. ‎ ‎ A. junior than, by B. younger than, with ‎ C. senior to, by D. junior to, by ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查介词。be junior to sb. by比某人年少---岁，根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ 考点：考查介词 ‎27. _______ for the doctor’s careful treatment, he _________ till last year. ‎ ‎ A. If it were not, can’t live B. Were it not, couldn’t live ‎ C. Had it not been, couldn’t have lived D. If they were not, couldn’t live ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是这位医生的精心治疗，他不可能活到去年。另外的表达方式还有：①If it had not been for...②But for...。根据句意可知与过去事实相反，if从句用过去完成时态，主句用could/might/should/would+have done，如果把if省去，则把助动词had提到主语前面，故选C。‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ 虚拟语气的判断：‎ ‎1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种：‎ ‎(1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如：‎ If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。‎ ‎(2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如：‎ If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。‎ ‎(3) 与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should ‎(would, could, might) + 动词原形”。 例如：‎ If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎28. News came that the captain of the winning football team was _______ a prize. ‎ A. rewarded B. supplied C. awarded D. provided ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ provide sb. with sth./ provide sth. for sb.提供给某人某物；offer sb. sth. 提供给某人某物。‎ 考点：考查动词 ‎29. In his lecture, the professor referred to the belief, in contrast to all other countries, ______ the ‎ elderly are wise, ______ is particularly dominant (占优势的) in the Chinese culture.‎ A. that; that B. that; one that C. which; which D. that; one ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查同位语从句和代词：句意：在讲座中，教授谈到的和其他国家是相反的想法，老人更聪明，这在中国文化中尤其的占优势。第一空填that引导同位语从句，第二空填one that，one是代词指代a belief，that引导的是定语从句。选B。‎ 考点：考查同位语从句和代词 ‎30.A decision was _________ that those who once ________ to the company in order to get the job would not be let _________.‎ ‎ A. made; lied; to stay B. given; lay; stay ‎ C. done; lay; staying D .made; laid; stayed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ lie的各种形式 用法 ‎1.现在式 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie lay lain lying 躺 / 位于… / 在于… ；lay laid laid laying 放 / 下蛋 ；lie lied lied lying 说谎 lie (n.)谎言 (tell a lie说谎) 。‎ ‎2.巧记lie和lay躺 lie,lay,lain,lie in bed again; 撒谎 lie,lied,lied,don't be a liar; 产蛋 lay,laid,laid,a hen laid an egg; 放置 A boy picked it up,and laid it in the bag. 。‎ 考点：考查短语与非谓语动词【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】‎ ‎31. It’s certain that we are _________ to having a clean and beautiful home in the future because some special projects are__________ to protect the environment.‎ ‎ A. under way; on the way B. in the way; on the way ‎ C. on the way; by the way D. on the way; under way ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查固定词组。under way 在进行中   on the way在路上    in the way妨碍。句意：一些特殊的项目正在实施中来保护我们的环境，所以我们在不久的将来将会有一个干净美丽的家园。故选D 【名师点评】此类题要牢记这几个短语的意思，需要注意的是既有on the way to do sth .也有 ‎ on the way doing sth,区别在于如果是实实在在的马路用前者，如on the way to shop去购物的路上，如指虚拟的路用后者，如on his way to becoming a boss，在他成为老板的路上了。‎ 考点：考查固定词组 ‎32. -----You could have asked Mrs Zhang for advice, for she is an expert at it.‎ ‎ -----Yes, a whole day ________.‎ A. will be wasted B. would be wasted C. had been wasted D. was wasted ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 根据虚拟语气could have asked 可见是浪费了一整天的时间，指过去的事情，“本可以问，事实却没问”，could have asked 结构带 轻微 责备。根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选D。‎ 考点：考查被动语态 ‎33.Most of them are out attending an important meeting, so there are not _______ enough people here to do the job.‎ ‎ A. almost B. nearly C. hardly D. seldom ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 考点：考查副词 ‎34. _______ must you destroy the environment when you do it. ‎ ‎ A. In no time B. With no doubt C. For no reason D. On no account ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查部分倒装。On no account决不，位于句首，句子用部分倒装，根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装： 如：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。‎ 考点：考查部分倒装 ‎35.---- The manager of the factory wants to improve production a great deal, but he doesn’t spend much on technology.‎ ‎----I am afraid he won’t realize his dream. You know ________.‎ A. you can’t eat your cake and have it B. empty vessels make the greatest sound C. enough is as good as a feast D. two heads are better than one ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 考点：考查谚语 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）‎ 请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can 36 remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a 37 can do strange things to people. It 38 to me the other day that I might not have come to 39 life as I do if I hadn’t been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise. I don’t mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the 40 of them made me appreciate more 41 I had left. Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of 42 to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me--a 43 to live, you might call it--which I didn’t see, and they made me want to fight it out with 44 . The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. If I hadn’t been able to do that, I ‎ would have 45 and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say 46 in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, 47 imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the complex pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit. It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most 48 things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball. I thought he was 49 me and I was 50 . "I can’t use this." I said. "Take it with you," he urged me, "and roll it around." The words 51 in my head. "Roll it around! "By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought 52 : playing baseball. At Philadelphia’s Overbrook School for the Blind I 53 a successful game of baseball. Which we called it ground ball. All my life I have set ahead of me a series of 54 and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good trying for something that I knew at the start was absolutely 55 because that only invited bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.‎ ‎36.A. strongly B. definitely C. vaguely(模糊地) D. clearly ‎37. A. catastrophe B. content C. caution D. category ‎38.A. struck B. occurred C. hit D. referred ‎39.A. determine B. hate C. influence D. love ‎40.A. confidence B. darkness C. misery D. loss ‎41.A. who B. where C. what D. why ‎42. A. adjustments B. assumptions C. attractions D. appointments ‎43. A. purpose B. potential C. pressure D. preparation ‎44.A. sight B. baseball C. blindness D. adaptation ‎45.A. acknowledged B. collapsed C. appreciated D. blamed ‎46.A. belief B. information C. understanding D. research ‎47.A. despite B. regardless C. beneath D. in spite ‎48.A. extreme B. elementary C. extraordinary D. efficient ‎49. A. abusing B. encouraging C. teasing D. laughing ‎50.A. injured B. worried C. disappointed D. hurt ‎51.A. stuck B. impressed C. occupied D. held ‎52.A. useless B. dull C. uninteresting D. impossible ‎53.A. made B. produced C. invented D. discovered ‎54.A. promises B. purposes C. intentions D. goals ‎55.A. out of control B. out of question C. out of sight D. out of reach ‎【答案】‎ ‎36.C ‎37.A ‎38.B ‎39.D ‎40.D ‎41.C ‎42.A ‎43.B ‎44.C ‎45.B ‎46.A ‎47.A ‎48.B ‎49.C ‎50.D ‎51.A ‎52.D ‎53.C ‎54.D ‎55.D ‎【解析】‎ ‎ 37.A考查名词。A. catastrophe 惨败；B. content内容；C. caution小心；D. category类别。能恢复视觉固然好，但灾难也能对人产生奇妙的作用。故选A。 38.B考查动词。A. struck击打；B. occurred发生；C. hit撞击；D. referred提到。有一天我突然想到，倘若我不是盲人，我或许不会变得像现在这样“热爱”生活。故选B。 39.D考查动词。A. determine决定；B. hate厌恶；C. influence影响；D. love爱。现在我相信生活，但我不能肯定如果自己是明眼人，会不会像现在这样深深地相信生活。故选D。‎ ‎40.D考查名词。A. confidence自信；B. darkness黑暗；C. misery悲惨；D. loss亏损。这并不意味着我宁愿成为盲人，而只是意味着失去视力使我更加珍惜自己其他的能力。故选D。‎ ‎41.C考查宾语从句。句意：而只是意味着失去视力使我更加珍惜自己其他的能力。故选C。‎ 我必须学会的最艰难的一课就是相信自己，这是“基本”条件。故选C。‎ ‎ 45.B考查动词。A. acknowledged承认；B. collapsed崩溃；C. appreciated感激；D. blamed责备。如做不到这一点，我的精神就会崩溃，只能坐在前门廊的摇椅中度过余生。故选B。‎ ‎46.A考查名词。A. belief 信仰；B. information信息；C. understanding理解；D. research研究。相信自己并不仅仅指支持我独自走下陌生的楼梯的那种自信，那是一部分。故选A。‎ ‎47.A考查介词。A. despite尽管；B. regardless不管；C. beneath在---之下；D. in spite of尽管。。我指的是大事：是坚信自己虽然有缺陷，却是一个真正的有进取心的人。故选A。‎ ‎48.B考查形容词。A. extreme 极度的；B. elementary基本的；C. extraordinary非凡的；D. efficient有效率的。我花了很长时间才树立并不断加强这一信念。这要从最简单的事做起。故选B。‎ ‎49.C考查动词。A. abusing滥用；B. encouraging鼓励；C. teasing戏弄；D. laughing 大笑。有一次一个人给我一个室内玩的棒球，我以为他在嘲笑我，心里很难受。故选C。‎ ‎50.D考查形容词。A. injured受伤的；B. worried担忧的；C. disappointed失望的；D. hurt痛苦的。我以为他在嘲笑我，心里很难受。故选D。‎ ‎51.A考查动词。A. stuck卡住； B. impressed留下印象；C. occupied占有；D. held握住。他的话在我脑子里生了根。故选A。‎ ‎52.D考查形容词。A. useless无用的；B. dull迟钝的；C. uninteresting令人厌倦的；D. impossible不可能的。我马上想到一个我曾认为不可能达到的目标：打棒球。故选D。‎ ‎ 55.D考查词组。A. out of control失控；B. out of question毫无疑问；C. out of sight看不见；D. out of reach够不到。若开始就知道某个目标根本达不到却硬要去实现，那不会有任何好处。故选D。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 上下文对照，抓关键词。 解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。47.A考查介词。A. despite尽管；B. regardless不管；C. beneath在---之下；D. in spite of尽管。。我指的是大事：是坚信自己虽然有缺陷，却是一个真正的有进取心的人。故选A。48.B考查形容词。A. extreme 极度的；B. elementary基本的；C. extraordinary非凡的；D. efficient有效率的。我花了很长时间才树立并不断加强这一信念。这要从最简单的事做起。故选B。1‎ 考点：考查故事类短文阅读。‎ 第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ A Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn’t it?‎ ‎　　While such vigilant(警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage ‎ of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.‎ ‎　　In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies(活检) and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained(根深蒂固的) that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups. ‎ ‎　　It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy(预期寿命).‎ ‎　　A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.‎ ‎　　It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational(合理的) use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care.”‎ ‎　　That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.‎ ‎56.Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?‎ ‎　　A. It is believed to contribute to long life.‎ ‎　　B. It is part of their health care package.‎ ‎　　C. The elderly are more sensitive about their health.‎ ‎　　D. The elderly are in greater danger of tumor(肿瘤) growth. ‎ ‎57.How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?‎ ‎　　A. It adds too much to their medical bills.‎ ‎　　B. It helps increase their life expectancy.‎ ‎　　C. They are doubtful about necessity.‎ ‎　　D. They think it does more than good. ‎ ‎58.What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?‎ ‎　　A. It applies to women over 50.‎ ‎　　B. It is a must for adult women.‎ ‎　　C. It is optional for young women.‎ ‎　　D. It doesn’t apply to women over 74. ‎ ‎59.Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?‎ ‎　　A. They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.‎ ‎　　B. They want to take advantage of the medical care system.‎ ‎　　C. They want data for medical research.‎ D. They want their patients to suffer less. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎56.D ‎57.C ‎58.B ‎59.A ‎【解析】‎ ‎57.C 细节理解题：While such vigilant(警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. 尽管总的来说对癌症这样警觉是好事，但研究者们越来越质疑对老年人来说，所有这些测试是否必要。故选C。 58.B推理判断题： But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained，但是每个人必须检查防癌的这个想法是如此根深蒂固。故选B。1‎ ‎ 59.A 推理判断题：Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. 许多医生让进行这么多测试，纯粹是为了保护自己。cover,对应选项中的protect, 是遮掩；掩护；保护的意思。故选A。‎ ‎【学法指导】‎ 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1.对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2.词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 3.语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4.正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。‎ ‎57.C 细节理解题：While such vigilant(警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. 尽管总的来说对癌症这样警觉是好事，但研究者们越来越质疑对老年人来说，所有这些测试是否必要。故选C。‎ 考点：考查说明文阅读 ‎　　 B ‎ Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn’t it? If you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.‎ ‎“Energy independence” and its rhetorical (修辞的) companion “energy security” are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from, exactly?‎ Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that oil from elsewhere.‎ The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle（涓涓细流）of biofuel available, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.‎ Second, Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast ‎ areas of the United States are off-limits(禁止) to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?‎ Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don’t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.‎ There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, At the same time, we derive(得到，获得) massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.‎ ‎60.What does the author say about energy independence for America?‎ A. It sounds very attractive. C. It will bring oil prices down.‎ B. It ensures national security. D. It has long been everyone’s dream. ‎ ‎61.Why does America rely heavily on oil imports?‎ A. It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.‎ B. Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】‎ C. It wants to keep its own environment intact.‎ D. Its own oil production falls short of demand. ‎ ‎62.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A. To arouse Americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.‎ B. To stress the importance of energy conservation.‎ C. To explain the increase of international oil trade.‎ D. To justify(证明… 有理的) America’s dependence on oil imports. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎60.A ‎61.C ‎62.D ‎【解析】‎ ‎60.A细节理解题。根据第一段“because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades”可知，能源独立一直都是美国的梦想，说明能源独立对美国很有吸引力，故选A。 61.C细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“they don’t really want to produce all their own oil”可知，美国只生产部分石油，其余依靠进口；根据第五段“Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection.”可知，美国为了保护环境，禁止大面积开采石油，由此可知，美国国内的石油供应不足，只能依赖进口，故选C。 62.D写作意图题。根据第三段“But there are reasons that we buy all that oil from elsewhere.”和下面三段的首句“The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. ...Second, Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. ...Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency...”及最后一段“At the same time, we get massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world”可知，文章主要讲的是美国能源依赖进口的原因，故选D。 考点：社会类短文阅读 C Have you ever seen a real night sky that looks like Van Gogh’s Starry Night? I hope not! So, why would an artist paint the sky this way? Perhaps I can answer that with another question. When you’re happy, why do you sing instead of speaking? Or when you’re in love, why do you speak of roses and honey? When we do these things, we, too are artists. We’re using something that goes beyond a mere scientific description in order to communicate our feelings more powerfully than straightforward words can. So consider for a moment that Van Gogh might not have been hallucinating on the night he painted this. Maybe he felt something so powerful that he had to go beyond the familiar to express it.‎ I hope I’m reminding you of something you already know as I describe the experience of being outside at night under a crystal clear sky that makes everything seem clean and refreshing. So you look up. And suddenly you see the sky that you’ve seldom seen before. It’s not just the same old ‎ dark night sky tonight. Instead, the blackness is a deep, rich blue that is more bottomless than any ocean. The stars are not spots of light but brilliant, magical diamonds that dance like tiny angels. In just this special moment, the sky is somehow alive, and it seems to speak to you silently about the meaning of infinity .‎ Now look at the painting again. Can you see something of what makes this such a famous and well-loved image? But there’s more here than that. Van Gogh painted this while he was quite struck down by a mental disease. It is natural to imagine that he frequently battled the fear that he would never escape his prison to true freedom. It is natural for us to imagine this because each of us has faced our own personal prison, whether it be disease, the loss of a loved one, serious financial problems … In such moments it is tempting to give up to despair and collapse in hopelessness.‎ Looking at this painting, I imagine Van Gogh in just such a moment of despair, when he is struck by the memory of one of those amazing night skies. He recalls the sense that he is not alone, that there is a living, infinite world with rich colorful creatures and scenes all around.‎ And so the sky flows across the canvas full of vitality and power. The stars don’t just sparkle; they explode. Looking closer, we notice that the earth itself seems to respond to the movement in the sky, forming its own living waves in the mountain and rolling trees. In the sleepy village, the windows of the houses glow with the same light that brightens the universe. The giant trees at the left seem to capture the joy by stretching upwards toward the sky.‎ What a tremendous message of hope there is in this masterpiece! Even if our troubles persist, the world around us assures us that life is worth living. That’s what the angels sing about. Doesn’t it make you want to sing, too?‎ ‎63.Looking at the painting Starry Night, we can see all the following except________.‎ A. the singing angels  B. the giant trees C. the sleeping village  D. the sparkling stars ‎64.Van Gogh does NOT describe a feeling of _______ through the Starry Night.‎ A. happiness  B. vitality  C. power  D. despair ‎65.What is the main purpose of this passage?‎ A. To explain how Van Gogh painted the Starry Night.‎ B. To tell us how to appreciate the Starry Night.‎ C. To prove Van Gogh was in a hallucinating state of mind while painting the picture.‎ D. To show us the beauty of the sky on a Starry Night.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎63.A ‎64.D ‎65.B ‎【解析】‎ ‎ 64.D细节理解题。根据第二段中The stars are not spots of light but brilliant, magical diamonds that dance like tiny angels. In just this special moment, the sky is somehow alive, and it seems to speak to you silently about the meaning of infinity .可只是幸福的感觉；根据第五段中And so the sky flows across the canvas full of vitality and power. 天空穿过画布充满活力和力量。根据句意故选D。‎ ‎65.B主旨大意题。根据最后一段What a tremendous message of hope there is in this masterpiece! Even if our troubles persist, the world around us assures us that life is worth living. That’s what the angels sing about. Doesn’t it make you want to sing, too?文章告诉我们怎样欣赏the Starry Night.这幅作品。故选B。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。65.B主旨大意题。根据最后一段What a tremendous message of hope there is in this masterpiece! Even if our troubles persist, the world around us assures us that life is worth living. That’s what the angels sing about. Doesn’t it make you want to sing, too?文章告诉我们怎样欣赏the Starry Night.这幅作品。故选B。‎ 考点：考查说明文阅读 ‎ D Mail lay scattered across the kitchen table. I couldn’t put off sorting through it any longer. I checked the envelopes, putting aside the ones addressed to my husband.‎ It had been over three years since Bob had died. To friends and family it looked like I had moved past the worst of my sorrow. I took care of my house, socialized and kept up with community. On the outside everything appeared to be normal. But inside I was anything but I worried I would never get better, never be myself again. They say sorrow has no set time limit, but I was so tired of feeling empty and hopeless. My sorrow was sharp and fresh as ever. It was like a wall of pressure in my chest, pressing my heart.‎ I picked up a piece of Bob’s mail and held it out to tear in half, but stopped myself from cutting up the envelope. The letter was from an organization that funded a Haitian orphanage called My Father’s House. Its founder, Carol Hawthorne, had given a presentation at our church. Bob and I had donated, and Bob ended up on the mailing list to receive the newsletter (通讯) with updates on the children.‎ I hadn’t read one since Bob died. But just three months before, in January 2012, the country had been hit by a terrible earthquake. In my depressed state, it hadn’t even occurred to me to wonder whether the orphanage had survived. I opened the newsletter and was surprised to find out that My Father’s House was still standing. Of course now it was more crowded than ever. At the bottom of the page was an announcement about an upcoming trip to visit the orphanage in person. “I should go.” The thought wouldn’t leave me. I contacted Carol Hawthorne.“What would I do if I go?” I asked.“Build houses?”‎ ‎“The Haitian people there are eager to work and they know what they’re doing,” said Carol. “What they need are raw materials, and we provide them. We also visit with the children. We go to clinics and schools, pass out supplies. You’ll be very busy, I promise!” I reserved a seat but didn’t mention it to any of my friends. Just a few weeks later, I was at the airport with seven strangers, waiting to board a plane to Haiti. Even after takeoff I wasn’t really sure of what I was doing.‎ In Haiti we were met by Pastor Ronald Lefranc, the director of My Father’s House. We piled into an old school bus and drove over uneven roads full of stones and mud. We passed women shaking under the weight of huge water buckets balanced on their heads. Piles of rubbish scattered ‎ across the landscape, and the land was covered with broken tents. Finally we pulled up to the orphanage. A crowd of children-52 in all-rushed up to greet us. I couldn’t understand the words of the song they sang in Creole, but with the smiles on their faces I didn’t need to. Each child planted a big kiss on my cheek.‎ Carol and Pastor Ronald led us into the main building. “What are those over there?” I asked, pointing to a collection of thin tents. “Is there not enough room in the building for all the children?”‎ ‎“We have the room,” said Pastor Ronald. “But many of these children came here after the earthquake. They still don’t feel safe sleeping under a roof.”‎ There was no sign of fear in the playroom inside. I played dolls and other games. Children I’d just met presented me with pictures they’d drawn and letters written in Creole. In the evening the children gathered in the dining room. They took turns reading aloud and then they all joined in song. The words were strange, but the tune sounded familiar.‎ They’d lost so much, yet were so joyful. In the evening the children gathered in the dining room. One of the older children stood up to speak and then they all joined in song. The words were strange, but the tune sounded familiar. The children settled down. In the silence, a quiet noise began.‎ ‎66.During the three years after her husband’s death, the writer __________.‎ A. kept in close touch with friends and neighbors.‎ B. just stayed at her home to take care of her house C. forgot her unhappiness completely with busy work D. lived in emptiness and hopelessness due to hardships ‎ ‎67.What does the underlined part “My Father’s House” refer to?‎ A. An association that fund the research into earthquake in Haiti.‎ B. An institution where children without parents greet foreigners.‎ C. An organization that collect money for children without parents.‎ D. A place where children without parents live and are looked after. ‎ ‎68.The writer enjoyed herself at______‎ A. driving over the roads ‎ B. viewing the landscape C. seeing the expressions on children’s faces D. observing water buckets on women’s heads ‎ ‎69.Why did the children love to live in the thin tents?‎ A. Because they had to make preparations for the newcomers.‎ B. Because the tents are convenient for drawing in the open.‎ C. Because the rooms in the building are used to house guests.‎ ‎ D. Because they worried there might be another earthquake. ‎ ‎70.What can we conclude from the passage?‎ A. The writer decided to settle down in Haiti at last.‎ B. The writer overcame her loss by helping others.‎ C. The writer taught the children to sing in English.‎ D. The writer picked up Creole during her stay there.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎66.A ‎67.D ‎68.C ‎69. D ‎70.B ‎【解析】‎ ‎67.D词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句Its founder, Carol Hawthorne, had given a presentation at our church. Bob and I had donated, and Bob ended up on the mailing list to receive the newsletter (通讯) with updates on the children.这是没有父母的孩子生活和被照顾的地方。故选D。‎ ‎68.C推理判断题。根据第六段最后三句A crowd of children-52 in all-rushed up to greet us. I couldn’t understand the words of the song they sang in Creole, but with the smiles on their faces I didn’t need to. Each child planted a big kiss on my cheek.可知作者看到孩子脸上的表情很开心。故选C。‎ ‎69.D细节理解题。根据倒数第三段But many of these children came here after the earthquake.‎ ‎ They still don’t feel safe sleeping under a roof.”可知他们担忧还有地震。故选D。‎ ‎70.B推理判断题。根据第四段中At the bottom of the page was an announcement about an upcoming trip to visit the orphanage in person. “I should go.” The thought wouldn’t leave me. I contacted Carol Hawthorne.“What would I do if I go?” I asked.“Build houses?” 作家通过帮助别人克服了自己的损失。故选B。‎ ‎【名师点睛】 利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义。1.抓住所需推断词汇前后的“mean”或系动词或破折号等直接定义该词的部分。2.抓住文章主旨与该段所表达的中心。特别对于议论文要牢记论点与论据的相互支撑关系。3.通过例证、比喻、对照、插入语等语法结构推断词义。67.D词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句Its founder, Carol Hawthorne, had given a presentation at our church. Bob and I had donated, and Bob ended up on the mailing list to receive the newsletter (通讯) with updates on the children.这是没有父母的孩子生活和被照顾的地方。故选D。1‎ 考点：考查记叙文阅读 第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单 词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。‎ ‎ Some students get so nervous before a test, they do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock has studied these highly anxious test-takers.‎ ‎ Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources. I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”‎ ‎ Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.‎ ‎ Sain Beilock: “What we think happens is when students put it down on paper, they think about the worst that could happen and they reappraise the situation. They might realize it’s not as bad as they might think it was before and, in truth, it prevents these thoughts from appearing suddenly when ‎ they’re actually taking a test.”‎ The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.‎ The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.‎ Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.‎ Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.‎ Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.‎ Sain Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention, all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most prone to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these testing situations.”‎ But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.‎ ‎ ‎ Title: Overcoming test 71.______________‎ Problem ‎ Some students get nervous before a test, so they can’t do 72. __________ even if they know the material.‎ Reason ‎ ‎73.__________ about the consequences 74.__________ them their attention and memory resources.‎ Solution ‎ Write down their worries to 75.________ the negative thoughts appearing suddenly.‎ Results of the researches College students: 76. _______ with those sitting quietly, students writing about their fears improved their performance.【来.源：全,品…中&高*考*网】‎ Younger students: highly anxious students who did the writing instead of 77.________ things unrelated to the test got 78. _______ grades.‎ ‎79.___________ ways to solve the problem If students have no 80.__________ to write about their fears immediately they can try it themselves at home or in the library.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎71．nervousness/ anxiety ‎ ‎72.well ‎73.Worrying ‎74.costs ‎75.prevent/ stop/ keep ‎76.compared ‎77.considering ‎78.higher/better ‎79.Alternative/ Other/Optional ‎80.chance ‎【解析】‎ ‎ 72.well 根据第一段第一句Some students get so nervous before a test, they do poorly even if they know the material.可知此处填well。‎ ‎73.Worrying 根据第二段中And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources.可知此处用动名词作主语，故填Worrying。‎ ‎74.costs 根据第二段中And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources.可知此处填costs。‎ ‎75.prevent/ stop/ keep 根据第四段最后一句it prevents these thoughts from appearing suddenly ‎ when they’re actually taking a test.”可知此空填prevent/ stop/ keep。‎ ‎76.compared 根据第七段Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.可知此处填compared。compared with与---相比较。‎ ‎77.considering 根据第八段They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.可知此处填considering。‎ ‎78.higher/better 根据第八段They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.可知此处填higher/better。‎ ‎79.Alternative/ Other/Optional 根据句意可知“解决问题的供选择的方法”。故填Alternative/ Other/Optional。‎ ‎80.chance 根据最后一段第一句But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation?可知此处填chance。1‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ ‎1.compare...with...把……和……比较(常表示同类相比，比较) compare...to...把……比作……(常表示异类相比，比喻) ①Let's compare this photo with that one. 让我们把这张照片和那张照片作一下比较。 ②Children are often compared to happy birds. 孩子常常被比喻成幸福的小鸟。‎ ‎2.Compared to/with---，----。与---相比较。Compared to those boys，you are lucky.与那些男孩相比较，你是幸运的。‎ 考点：考查任务型阅读 第五部分：单词拼写（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）‎ ‎81. Going round to the bank was part of the r______ of his work, so he always cares for his duty. ‎ ‎82.He is hard-working. He practices English every day to p ________ his spoken English.‎ ‎83.They didn’t attend because of r_______ reasons. They don’t believe in God.‎ ‎84.Over three hundred people have died of s_______ for the lack of food.‎ ‎85.You are not p_____ to drive if you do not have a driving license.‎ ‎86.I’m looking for some _______ (临时的) work to buy my sister a new bike. . ‎ ‎87.Having read the book, she will be able to pass on the _______ (获得) knowledge to her students. ‎ ‎88.Without consulting his _______ (同事), he flew from Los Angeles to Chicago.‎ ‎89.Tom had determined to live up to the ______ (期望) of his parents. ‎ ‎90.______(可替代的) energy sources are renewable, which means they can be used without running out. ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎81．routine ‎ ‎82.polish ‎ ‎83.religious ‎84.starvation ‎ ‎85.permitted ‎ ‎86.temporary ‎ ‎87.acquired/ obtained ‎ ‎88.colleague ‎ ‎89.expectations ‎ ‎90.Alternative ‎【解析】‎ ‎ 84.starvation 句意：超过三百人因缺乏食物而饿死。根据句意可知用名词形式，故填starvation。‎ ‎85.permitted 句意：如果你没有驾驶执照，就不允许开车.。用一般现在时态的被动语态，故填permitted。‎ ‎86.temporary 句意：为了给我妹妹买一辆新自行车我正寻找一份临时工作。根据句意可知填temporary。‎ ‎87.acquired/ obtained 句意：读了这本书，她将能传递获得的知识给她的学生。根据句意可知填acquired/ obtained。1‎ ‎88.colleague 句意：没有咨询他的同事，他从Los Angeles 飞到 Chicago.根据句意可知填colleague。‎ ‎89.expectations 句意：Tom决定不辜负他父母的期望。根据句意可知填expectations。‎ ‎90.Alternative ‎ 句意：替代能源是可再生的，这意味着没有用完他们可以被利用。根据句意可知填Alternative。‎ 考点：考查单词拼写 第六部分：书面表达（满分20分）‎ 阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。‎ It was 7：30 in the morning. As usual I was on the subway to school. It was so crowded with people that it felt like the air conditioner wasn't working. I was standing there looking around. Then, I saw an old lady get on the train with a 7－year－old child who seemed to be her grandson.‎ A warm－hearted gentleman generously offered his seat to the old lady. Instead of sitting down herself, however, the old lady called her grandson over and told him to sit.‎ Sooner or later, children mature and step into the complicated world. Love is necessary in the early development of children, yet, to the disappointment of many, too much love definitely prevents children from learning the rules of the real world. Teaching the child about the rules of society within the family helps the child to achieve success later. By giving up seats to their children, grandparents may destroy kids' best chance for character development.‎ ‎1写作内容] ‎ ‎1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。‎ ‎2. 以约120个词谈谈你对长辈溺爱孩子的看法，内容包括：‎ ‎(1) 描述长辈溺爱孩子的表现。(2) 溺爱孩子的后果。(3) 你对长辈溺爱孩子的看法。‎ ‎1写作要求]‎ ‎1. 作文中可以用亲身经历或虚构的故事。2. 不得直接引用原文中的句子。3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。‎ ‎【答案】‎ This passage mainly talks about the importance of character development of children by giving an example of an old lady who gives up the seat offered by a gentleman to her grandchild.‎ It is common in our country that parents or grandparents often spoil the kids. For example, parents or grandparents will buy shoes of famous brands to satisfy their needs, no matter how expensive they are. What is worse, they provide kids with whatever they want and ask them to do nothing in return.‎ When these spoiled children grow up, many of them may greatly disappoint their parents. Some of them even commit crimes. If it happens, who is to blame? I think parents or grandparents are not ‎ supposed to spoil kids. Kids should go through hardships or do what they can to help parents or other people. Only by doing so can they be independent and responsible.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。1写作内容]1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。2. 以约120个词谈谈你对长辈溺爱孩子的看法，内容包括：(1) 描述长辈溺爱孩子的表现。(2) 溺爱孩子的后果。(3) 你对长辈溺爱孩子的看法。1写作要求]1. 作文中可以用亲身经历或虚构的故事。‎ ‎【亮点说明】本文采用三段式，结构严谨，衔接紧密，运用高级句子。by giving an example of an old lady who gives up the seat offered by a gentleman to her grandchild. Who引导定语从句；It is common in our country that parents or grandparents often spoil the kids. For example, parents or grandparents will buy shoes of famous brands to satisfy their needs, no matter how expensive they are. it形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句；they provide kids with whatever they want and ask them to do nothing in return. Whatever引导宾语从句；When these spoiled children grow up, many of them may greatly disappoint their parents. When引导时间状语从句；Only by doing so can they be independent and responsible.部分倒装的运用堪称经典。1‎ 考点：考查话题作文