2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit4Pygmalion单元作业（10页）

2020届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit4Pygmalion单元作业（10页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版选修八 Unit 4Pygmalion单元作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Jewel's Online Footwear Store Leather Dress Shoes Price：$120.00‎ Color: Black leather/Brown leather/Red leather/Natural leather Average Rating: 3 out of 5 stars Shipping Info：Standard: 7－10 business days/Express：3－5 days Customer Reviews ‎1．★★★★★‎ My favorite shoes! I've been to many conferences where my business fellows have told me how much they like my shoes. Just wearing them makes me feel more calm and content in the office. I recommend them to all of my coworkers, and I own a pair of each color.‎ ‎2．★‎ These are the worst shoes I have ever worn! The leather came off after only one week, and everybody thought they were ugly. The bottoms of the shoes made everything slippery. My employer fired me because he hated them！From then on, I would only wear Brand X shoes!‎ ‎3．★★★‎ These shoes do exactly what shoes are supposed to do. There isn't anything too special about them. In the morning, I put them on and go about my day. They look delightful enough, and they are quite durable. I will probably buy another pair.‎ ‎4．★★★★‎ These shoes are my most cherished (珍爱的) possessions. I met my bride while buying a pair of these shoes. She was a customer service employee at the store I bought them at，and after she sold me three pairs, I asked her for her phone number and we started dating. Soon after that，we were engaged. We are getting married this afternoon, and I couldn't be happier.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一家网上鞋店所售的一种皮鞋的相关信息以及四位顾客的不同评价。‎ ‎1．How many pairs of leather dress shoes does the first customer own?‎ A．One.　　　　　　　　　　 B．Two.‎ C．Three. D．Four.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一位顾客的评价中的“I own a pair of each color”可知，这位顾客每种颜色各有一双；再根据文章开头对鞋子颜色的介绍“Color：Black leather/Brown leather/Red leather/Natural leather”可知，这家鞋店的这种鞋共有四种颜色，所以这位顾客有四双这种鞋。故选D项。‎ ‎2．Which customer do you feel gives the most balanced and objective view?‎ A．Customer 1. B．Customer 2.‎ C．Customer 3. D．Customer 4.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三位顾客对所买鞋的评价中的“These shoes do exactly what shoes are supposed to do ...they are quite durable.”可知，这位顾客认为这种鞋子实用、耐穿。他对这种鞋既没有过分夸奖，也没有过度贬低，而是围绕鞋子给出了相对客观的评价。故选C项。‎ ‎3．Why does the fourth customer like the shoes?‎ A．He got to know his bride while buying them.‎ B．They make him feel more comfortable.‎ C．They are made to last.‎ D．They make him attractive.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。第四位顾客的评价中提到“I met my bride while buying a pair of these shoes.”，再结合其后的叙述可知，因为在这家鞋店买的这几双鞋的“牵线搭桥”，这位顾客认识了他的新娘，所以这位顾客很喜欢这些鞋。故选A项。‎ B Life can sometimes go_haywire rather like the feeling you get when you've lost control of your moving car. It's a feeling of complete helplessness and panic that makes us feel overwhelmed (被压垮的)．‎ In most cases, there is a difference between our expectations and reality. The greater the difference, the greater the feeling is of being overwhelmed. This difference is often created when our expectations are too demanding or when reality changes in a way we did not expect. Think of the weather ruining your carefully made travel plans to get across the state. Think of that illness that made you stay in bed. While we may be feeling overwhelmed with everything going on in our lives right now, there are some steps we can take to regain a sense of control of our lives.‎ We all know we should control our emotion properly and we can be affected greatly when we are overwhelmed, but feeling overwhelmed is part of life. When we're feeling overwhelmed, it only means we are living, breathing human beings. For life is like a roller coaster ride with its ups, downs and turns. It's also like the season with its alternating periods of relative calm and periods of varying degrees of stress and anxiety. ‎ Sometimes we forget this.‎ No matter how much we try, we may not be able to control reality. But we can adjust our expectations to match reality. This may mean revising our goals and tasks or quitting projects. It may feel like failure in the moment, like giving up, but this ability is an opportunity to create success in the long term. Working with reality rather than against it can give us hope.‎ When we're feeling overwhelmed, we can easily fall into an allornothing (孤注一掷)．We may overlook the things we manage to accomplish when we feel overwhelmed. But celebrating our small wins creates space for gratitude to take hold in our hearts. Trade our expectations for appreciation and our whole world changes in an instant. Celebrating wins (whatever size！) allows us to clearly see the progress we are making. Acknowledging our small bites and celebrating our wins however small makes us have a more accepting attitude toward the opportunities, the gifts and the joys in our lives.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。面对生活中的不如意，我们有时会感到绝望，感觉被压垮了。但我们可以采取一些有效的方法来摆脱这种困扰。 ‎ ‎4．The underlined phrase “go haywire” can be replaced by ________.‎ A．be in a mess B．become dull C．bring surprises D．change quickly 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，生活有时候会陷入混乱，就像你对行驶中的汽车失去控制时的感觉。这是一种彻底无助和恐慌的感觉，使你感觉被压垮了。go haywire意为“陷入混乱”。‎ ‎5．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?‎ A．We fail to control our emotion sometimes.‎ B．We must learn to control our emotion well.‎ C．It is natural for everyone to feel overwhelmed.‎ D．Feeling overwhelmed is a big barrier to our life.‎ 解析：选C　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，我们都知道应该控制好自己的情绪，当我们感觉被压垮时，我们会受到这种情绪很大的影响。但感到被压垮是生活的一部分，表明我们是有生命的人类，只是我们总是会忘记这一点。由此可知，第三段主要是说感到被压垮对每个人来说是自然的。‎ ‎6．What should we do when we can't control reality?‎ A．Accept our failure and quit.‎ B．Change our goal based on reality.‎ C．Try our best to change reality.‎ D．Find a better way to realize our goal.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“No matter how much we try ... or quitting projects.”可知，无论我们怎么努力，可能都无法改变现实。但是我们可以调整我们的预期以匹配现实。这或许意味着修改我们的目标和任务，或者放弃我们的计划。由此可知，当我们无法掌控现实时，我们可以根据现实来改变我们的目标。‎ ‎7．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．Small bites are better than big wins.‎ B．We should show gratitude to others.‎ C．Celebrating small wins helps us make progress.‎ D．We should appreciate even small achievements of ours.‎ 解析：‎ 选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，庆祝小的成功有利于在我们心中创造感激的空间。庆祝胜利(无论大小)可以让我们清楚地看到我们正在取得的进步。认可我们的小成就并庆祝胜利，无论它有多小，这会使我们能够更乐于接受生活中的机会、礼物和乐趣。由此可推知，我们应该欣赏我们哪怕很小的成就，故选D项。‎ C The work of Rosenthal and Jacobson shows that teacher expectations influence students' performance.Positive expectations influence performance positively, and negative expectations influence performance ‎ negatively. Rosenthal and Jacobson originally described the phenomenon as the Pygmalion effect. Rosenthal wrote in 1985, “When we expect certain behaviors of others, we are likely to act in ways that make the expected behavior more likely to occur.”‎ The original research of Rosenthal and Jacobson focused on an experiment at an elementary school where students took intelligence pretests. Rosenthal and Jacobson then informed the teachers of the names of 20% of the students in the school who were showing “unusual potential for intellectual growth” and would have excellent academic performance within the year. Unknown to the teachers, these students were selected randomly (随意地) with no relation to the pretest.‎ When Rosenthal and Jacobson tested the students eight months later, they discovered that the randomly selected students who the teachers thought would perform excellently scored much higher. Why does the Pygmalion effect occur? If the teacher thinks the students can't achieve very much, or are not bright enough, he/she may tend to teach simple stuff, do lots of drills, read from his/her notes, and give simple assignments calling for simplistic answers, according to scientists.‎ Therefore, there are some practical tips for teachers: Never forecast ‎ failure in the classroom. If you know a test is particularly difficult, tell your students that the test is difficult but you are sure that they will do well if they work hard to prepare for it. Do not participate in gripe (发牢骚) sessions about students. Teachers who gripe about students are establishing a culture of failure for their students, their department and their own teaching. Establish high expectations. Students achieve more when teachers have higher expectations. When you give students a difficult assignment, tell them, “I know you can do this.” If you genuinely believe that your students cannot perform the assignment, put off the assignment and reteach the material.‎ 语篇解读：美国著名心理学家罗森塔尔和雅格布森提出了皮格马利翁效应，指热切的期望与赞美能够产生奇迹。这一效应对教学会产生怎样的影响呢？‎ ‎8．How did Rosenthal and Jacobson conduct their experiment?‎ A．They trained the selected students before experimenting.‎ B．They selected the students without referring to the test results.‎ C．They gave pretests in order to divide students into different groups.‎ D．They selected students according to the students' academic performance.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。文章第二段“Unknown to the teachers, these students were selected randomly (随意地) with no relation to the pretest.”可知，这些“有潜力的”学生是他们随意挑选的，同前期测试的结果毫无关系。‎ ‎9．How do the teachers teach less potential students according to the scientists?‎ A．They praise them all the time.‎ B．They spare no efforts to help them.‎ C．They are likely to give them easy homework.‎ D．They ask them to practice more to catch up with others.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段“If the teacher thinks the students can't achieve ...calling for simplistic answers”可知，老师对于基础薄弱的学生会倾向于给他们教授简单的知识，布置简单的任务。‎ ‎10．What is the best title of this passage?‎ A．No Pains, No Gains B．Testing Matters in Education C．How to Be a Qualified Teacher D．The Higher Expectations, the Better Achievements 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据全文大意，本文主题可归纳为“更高的期望可产生更好的结果”。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Perhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture, make marketing plans, and run your business by local laws.‎ ‎__1__ The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners. Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their country's culture and language.‎ The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and always look at the person in the eye. In social meetings with friends, kissing is common.‎ Use first names only after being invited to.__2__ The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.‎ Dress well.__3__ Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status. Always try to be tasteful and stylish. Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly. Wearing makeup is practiced widely by businesswomen.‎ The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours.__4__‎ Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate.__5__ This may suggest that you find the food tasteless. If eating in a restaurant, the person who makes an invitation always pays.‎ A．Remember to be as polite as possible.‎ B．This is a time for relationship building.‎ C．Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname.‎ D．Be careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food.‎ E．Make an appointment with your business partner in advance.‎ F．The French draw information about people based on their appearance.‎ G．Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.‎ 语篇解读：任何人如果想在法国做生意，都需要了解法国的文化，做到入乡随俗。‎ ‎1．‎ 选G　根据本段后面的内容可知，法国人为他们的语言感到骄傲，所以想在法国做生意，学习法语是很重要的。G项“任何打算在法国做生意的人都应该关注语言”与下文联系紧密，故选G。‎ ‎2．选C　结合空处前后的内容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建议，而与名字的使用相关的是C项“在姓之前使用先生或夫人”，故选C。‎ ‎3．选F　本段的中心句是第一句“Dress well.”，接着就服饰方面提出了一些建议，故空处应选F项“法国人根据人们的外表来获取信息”。‎ ‎4．选B　根据本段第一句可知，法国人酷爱食物，在法国做生意时，共进午餐是很常见的，且午餐用时多达两个小时。那么，共进午餐的时间也是建立关系的时间，B项符合语境。‎ ‎5．选D　本段就餐桌礼仪方面提出了建议。D项“在食物中加入盐、胡椒粉或酱汁时要小心”与下一句“这可能表明你觉得饭菜没味儿”衔接紧密，故本空选D。‎