高考英语考点42 阅读理解推理判断题

高考英语考点42 阅读理解推理判断题

1 考点 42 阅读理解推理判断题 高考频度：★★★★★ 题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解 文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础 上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有 infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。 对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。 同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。 这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有 关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出 文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that . 2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4.The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6.The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的 有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的 说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不 离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替 作者的观点。 2 2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考 生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分 析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。 3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、 综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。 4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸 准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。 5.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个 细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用 scanning 的方法，迅速 在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇 文章。 推理判断题常见有以下形式： 1．细节推断题 要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。 考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、 推理、判断。学& （2018·新课标 I 卷，B）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 3 800. The median number ( 中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A.They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。 【答案】B 2．因果推断题 要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握 文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行 分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。 （2018·新课标 I 卷，D）We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, 4 and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices – we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高、不环保。 所以作者主张使用新电子设备。 3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题 高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、 性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意： （1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。 （2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中 的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。 （3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。 Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager (十 几 岁 的 孩 子 ) problem. Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal. I’ve seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways. One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a 5 child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called round. Sprawling himself (懒散地躺) on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. “I don’t know what to do with him these days,” she said. “He’s forgotten all the manners we taught him.” He hasn’t forgotten them. He’ s just decided that he’ s not going to use them. She confessed (坦白) that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor. Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture, reach across the table, stare at me and say, “I don’t like your dress; it’s ugly.” One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home. “Where did we go wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents. 1. The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as ______. A. lazy B. quiet C. unusual D. rude 2. From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters ______. A. pay no attention to them B. are too busy to look after them C. have come to hate them D. feel helpless to do much about them 3. What is the author’s opinion about the sudden change in teenage children? A. Parents have no choice but to try to accept it. B. Parents should pay still sore attention to the change. C. Parents should work more closely with school teachers. D. Parents are at fault for the change in their children. 【答案与解析】 2. D 此题属于对“人物心情处境的推断”。根据最后一段，“‘Where did we go wrong?’ her parents are now very sad.”一句可推测这两位父母对他们学坏的女儿无可奈何，因此正确答案为 D。 3.A 此题属于“对态度及观点的推断”，文中第一句话“Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not 6 a lot they can do about it.”就表明了作者的观点，父母不应当总是为此事而责怪自己。应当采取措施面 对这个事情。然后最后又用了“Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.”做总结，表明父母们不得不接受这个不好的事实。 4．篇章结构推断题 根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙 述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增 强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。 Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy. Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory. … 1. How does the writer explain birds’ singing? A. By comparing birds with human beings. B. By reporting experiment results. C. By describing birds’ daily life. D. By telling a bird’s story. 5．文章结论推断题 由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。学& （2017·北京卷，C）Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. 7 But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year. The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine. Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 66．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To introduce the idea of exemption. B．To discuss methods to cure measles. C．To stress the importance of vaccination. D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. 【答案】C 题组一（2018 年高考真题） Passage1(2018·新课标卷 II，C) Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. 8 While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore. 28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about? A. Children’s reading habits. B. Quality of children’s books. C. Children’s after-class activities. D. Parent-child relationships. 29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"? A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3. C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5. 30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading? A. E-books are of poor quality. B. It could be a waste of time. C. It may harm children’s health. D. E-readers are expensive. 9 31. How should parents encourage their children to read more? A. Act as role models for them. B. Ask then to write book reports. C. Set up reading groups for them. D. Talk with their reading class teachers. Passage2(2018·天津卷，D) Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no trouble answering these questions. Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的) to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits. The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first. Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing. The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations. Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life. 51. According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more _____________. A. anxious to do wonders B. sensitive to others’ feelings 10 C. likely to develop unpleasant habits D. eager to explore the world around them 52. What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3? A. To avoid jumping to conclusions. B. To stop complaining all the time. C. To follow the teacher’s advice. D. To admit mistakes honestly. 53. The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they ____________. A. are very patient in their observation B. are really fascinated by nature C. care only about the names of birds D. question the accuracy of the field guides 54. Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey? A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them. B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time. C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them. D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination. 55. In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________. A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C. open our mind to new things and ideas D. try our best to protect nature Passage3(2018·浙江卷，C) As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线）on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. 11 The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.” 28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car. B. To show the influence of cars on American culture. C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system. 29. What has the use of cars in America led to? A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems. C. A shortage of oil supply. D. A farm-based society. 30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future? A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant. 题组二（2017 年高考真题） Passage1(2017·新课标卷 I，B) I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I 12 arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety. I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so. 24. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1? A. Efforts made in vain. B. Getting injured in his work. C. Feeling uncertain about his future. D. Creatures forced out of their homes. 25. Why was the author called to Muttontown? A. To rescue a woman. B. To take care of a woman. C. To look at a baby owl. D. To cure a young owl. 26.What made the chick calm down? A. A new nest. B. Some food. C. A recording. D. Its parents. 27.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event? A. It’s unexpected. B. It’s beautiful. C. It’s humorous. D. It’s discouraging. Passage2(2017·新课标 III 卷，B) Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up 13 popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end. The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. ＂This used to be the center of town,＂ he said. ＂Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.＂ Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed. 24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special? A. It made room for new equipment. B. It signaled the closedown of the theater. C. It was done with the help of the audience. D. It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater. 25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on? A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was about the history of the town. C. The audience requested it. D. The theater owner found it suitable. 26. What will probably happen to the building? A. It will be repaired. B. It will be turned into a museum. C. It will be knocked down. D. It will be sold to the city government. 27. What can we infer about the audience? A. They are disappointed with Bradford. B. They are sad to part with the old theater. C. They are supportive of the city officials. D. They are eager to have a shopping center. 14 Passage3(2017·浙江卷) FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad. Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant( 移 民 ) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship. Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society. Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures. Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy. Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration. Italians always ＂see me as a foreigner,＂ an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said. 28. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test? A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian. C. To find a better job in Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians. 29. Some people worry that the new language requirement may ________. A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people C. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools 30. What do we know about Cojochru? A. She lives with her sister now in Italy. B. She enjoys learning the Italian language. 15 C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job. D. She wishes to go back to her home country. Passage4(2017·天津卷) Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view. Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that. Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it. This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured( 捕 捉 ) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house. Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us. That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass. 41. What happened when the author was about to take a photo? A. Her camera stopped working. B. A woman blocked her view. C. Someone asked her to leave. D. A friend approached from behind. 42. According to the author, the woman was probably___________. 16 A. enjoying herself B. losing her patience C. waiting for the sunset D. thinking about her past 43. In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive? A. The rich color of the landscape. B. The perfect positioning of the camera. C. The woman’s existence in the photo. D. The soft sunlight that summer day. 44. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand __________. A. the need to be close to nature B. the importance of private space C. the joy of the vacation in Italy D. the shared passion for beauty 45. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon ___________. A. a particular life experience B. the pleasure of traveling C. the art of photography D. a lost friendship 题组三（2016 年高考真题） Passage1(2016·新课标全国卷 I) Grandparents Answer a Call As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents. Com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family. 17 “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough for fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand , a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is”to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.” Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder. 25. Why was Garza’s move a success? A．It strengthened her family ties. B．It improved her living conditions. C．It enabled her to make more friends. D．It helped her know more new places. 26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision? A．17% expressed their support for it. B．Few people responded sympathetically. C．83% believed it had a bad influence. D．The majority thought it was a trend. 27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A．They were unsure of themselves. B．They were eager to raise more children. C．They wanted to live away from their parents. D．They had little respect for their grandparents. 28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own. B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them. C. Sacrifice for their struggling children . D. Get to know themselves better. Passage2(2016·新课标全国卷 II) Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. 18 Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries. 29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. B. To introduce BookCrossing. C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas. 30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. The book. B. An adventure. C. A public place. D. The identification number. 31. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B. Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner. 32. What is the best title for the text? A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books Passage3(2016·新课标卷 III) The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named ＂DriveLAB＂ in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. 19 Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life. These include custom-made navigation( 导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: ＂ For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.＂ ＂ But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.＂ Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: ＂The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. ＂For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that. ＂We hope that our work will help with technological solutions( 解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.＂ 32. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB? A. To explore new means of transport. B. To design new types of cars. C. To find out older driver’s problems. D. To teach people traffic rules. 33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe? A. It keeps them independent. B. It helps them save time. C. It builds up their strength. D. It cures their mental illnesses. 20 34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers? A. Improve their driving skills. B. Develop driver-assist technologies. C. Provide tips on repairing their cars. D. Organize regular physical checkups. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. A new Model Electric Car B. A Solution to Traffic Problems C. Driving Services for Elders D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road Passage4(2016·四川卷) Basketball Statistician Help Wanted The Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during basketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:  Good computer skills  Available evenings and weekends  Knowing basketball rules and statistics Students interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective(各自的) campuses.  TP/SS Athletic Coordinator, Michael Simone,240-567-1308  Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589  Springfield Athletic coordinator, Gary Miller,240-567-2273  Germantown Athletic Coordinator, GavriChavan, 240-567-6915 1.When will the job start? A .In May 2016 B. In May 2017 C. In September 2016 D. In September2017 2.Who is more likely to get job? A. Sam, English major ,member of the college basketball team B. Judy, IT staff with night classes, children’s basketball team coach 21 C. Ted, computer major, basketball fan, free on evenings and weekends D. Molly, part-time programmer, high school basketball player ,new mother 3.Whom should you contact if you want to apply for the job in Rockville? A. Michael. B. Jorge. C. Gauri. D. Gary. 题组四（名校模拟题） Passage 1(2018 届 河南省重点名校高考模拟) While there are a few ways to make use of your old smartphone, one of the better ways is to convert into a dash cam（行车记录仪） that you can use on your bicycle. With the camera, you can record your rides, which is especially helpful if you are involved in a crash with another vehicle. To use your smartphone as a dash cam on your bike, you will need to make sure it is properly secured to your bike. To do this correctly, you must take two strips of heavy-duty Velcro( a kind of cloth used as fastening) along with two pipe clamps（管夹） and a flat corner brace(角撑) to properly attach it. You will start by attaching the corner brace to your smartphone. Next, attach a Velcro strip to your phone’s back. You will put the second strip on the end of the brace corner and cut any extra Velcro off and away from the brace. By using heavy-duty Velcro, you shouldn’t have to worry about the camera coming loose. The corner brace must be attached to the bicycle directly. Take two pipe clamps so you can attach the part of the corner brace that is untouched so the phone can be held up and used. The pipe clamps must be positioned near the center of the handlebar, which will enable you to get a better picture when videotaping. To run a dash cam app on your old phone, you will not need WiFi. You will just need to download a dash cam app onto the old phone. You will then just start the app at any time you head out on the road. There is always the chance of flaws, but you will be giving yourself a way to protect yourself in a friendly, eco-friendly manner that is much less expensive than purchasing a dash cam. 1. What is the purpose of building a dash cam on your bike? A. To make full use of an old smartphone. B. To record the scenery while travelling. C. To reduce an unexpected crash on the road. D. To avoid unnecessary arguments in an accident. 2. What does the underlined word ＂it＂ in Paragraph 2 refer to? 22 A. The bike. B. The pipe clamp. C. The smartphone. D. The flat corner brace. 3. What can we learn about a Velcro strip? A. It will fix the camera firmly. B. It is better to keep it as long as possible. C. It is important for the flat corner brace. D. It is best put in the center of the smartphone. 4. What can be inferred about the DIY dash cam from the last paragraph? A. It is a perfect alternative to a purchased one. B. It is beneficial to environment in some way. C. It is a much more demanding job for the user. D. It makes its owner friendly to other people. Passage 2(2018 届山东省师大附中高三第模拟) In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child: This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Patents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they teach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a 23 dangerous disappointment. 1.Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills ______. A. should be avoided B.is universal among parents C. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child D. will make him lose interest in learning new things 2.In the process of children’s learning new skills, parents ______. A. should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read B. should not expect too much of them C. should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own D. should create as many learning opportunities as possible 3.The second paragraph mainly tells us that ______. A. parents should be strict with their children B. parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community C. parental restrictions vary, and are not always intended for the benefit of the children alone D. parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation 4.In moral matters, parents should _______. A observe the rules themselves B.be aware of the marked difference between adults and children C. forbid things which have no foundation in morality D. consistently ensure the security of their children Passage 3(2017 届山西省实验中学高三年级模考) Taylore is a kid who passes by to ride sometimes and help us with chores. Barely 15, she’s never short of advice, and one of her favorite pastimes is teasing me about being afraid to go too fast on a horse. Last summer four of us rode down the trail behind our woods: my wife Karen, Taylore, Taylore’s friend Kendall and me. I was riding my 13-year-old, Tawny. We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason, 　I pushed Tawny into a gallop （飞 驰）. The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on. Taylore brushed past my left leg and, seconds later, Kendall went by on my right. I realized Tawny was covering ground faster than I’d ever seen her. She strained every muscle in her body to catch up with the girls. It 24 was like a truck winding over a mountain road without brakes ( 闸). Part of me felt perfectly in control, while another part screamed that I wasn’t. In half a mile I knew we’d be crossing the highway, so I prayed that the girls would be fine. I gave up calculating how long it might take before my horse would be tried enough to want to slow down. I was just about out of answers when I saw the girls slowing in front of me. Their horses were relaxed and comfortable, not even breathing hard. Taylore’s face glowed. She gave me a high five. ＂Wow, you did well, ＂ she said. ＂ I knew you’d go fast when you were ready.＂ No one in the group had even broken a sweat, except me. I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. Karen claims I was showing off for the girls that day, and maybe she’s right. But I think I had something to prove. Because despite my wrinkles ( 皱纹), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart. And, like a horse on a warm summer day, I’m always ready to kick up my heels. 1. How did the race between the girls and the author begin? A. His horse’s gallop made the other horses want to catch up. B. He wanted to show off his riding skills for the girls. C. They wanted to know whose horse could run fastest. D. They teased him about being afraid to go too fast on a horse. 2. During the race, ___________. A. the author’s horse outran the girl’s horses the whole time B. the author was confident that Tawny was in control C. the girls were so anxious to win that they sweated a lot D. the author’s good performance took Taylore by surprise 3. When the race ended, the author’s heart pounded because ________. A. he was feeling thrilled and young B. it was really tough exercise for him C. he was worried that the girls might be in danger D. he felt quite embarrassed that he had lost the race 4. The phrase ＂ kick up my heels＂ at the end can be replaced by _________. A. devote myself B. enjoy myself C. accept my challenge D. take part in running competition Passage 4(2017 届河南豫南九校高三下期质量考评) 25 A guide to Beijing museums during Spring Festival The Capital Museum The Beijing Capital Museum is presenting a special monkey-themed exhibition that decodes the cultural roots of the monkey in traditional Chinese culture. The exhibit shows more than 40 antique collections, including paintings, calligraphy, stamps, and 12 classic Monkey King pictures based on the great Chinese novel, Journey to the West. The museum also prepared a series of cultural activities for children, such as making paper-cuts for window decoration and painting monkeys. The National Museum of China Pasting Spring Festival couplets too doors is a traditional custom in Chinese culture. An exhibition Calligraphy Art of Couplets for the Year of the Money is ongoing, with more than 30 calligraphers’ couplet pieces on display. A major exhibition, Treasures of Romania, showcasing Romania’s history from the pre-historical period to the end of the 18th century, is still underway. National Art Museum of China The 2016 New Year show, National Art Exhibition of the Great Unity of China is a visual feast that will last until March 7. The works reflect the reality that people of all nationalities in China unite as one and jointly construct a moderately prosperous society. The works also highlight their positive mental attitude and present their picturesque and colorful national customs. Zhoukoudian Relies Museum A Spring Festival folk custom culture exhibition will introduce traditional Spring Festival customs in detail. Visitors can enjoy nearly 100 precious exhibits from the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)and Minguo Era(1912-1949), including New Year paintings and musical instruments. Children can also take part in the treasure hunt games organized by the museum, watch 4D movies and experience the primitive way of hunting fishing and chipping stone tools in the science experience pavilion. 1. In which column of the newspaper may this article appear? A. Travel B. Business C. Lifestyle D. Culture 2. Which of the following statement is True according to the article? A. The 40 antique collections in the Capital Museum are based on Journey to the West. B. All four museums provide exhibits of traditional Spring Festival customs C. Children can be involved in some activities about the primitive life in Zhoukoudian Relics Museum D. Visitors can appreciate exhibits of Minguo Era in National Art Museum of China 26 3. Which one is the best choice among the four museums for visitors who’d like to enjoy history of both China and foreign countries? A. The National Museum of China B. Zhoukoudian Relics Museum C. The Capital Museum D. National Art Museum of China 题组一 Passage1 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童和青少年的阅读习惯的调查报告。报 告表明，儿童和青少年趣味阅读时间明显减少；父母会对孩子的阅读习惯产生一些积极影响。 29.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的 the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从 1984 年的 13 岁的 8%和 17 岁的 9%上升到现在的 22%和 27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选 B。 30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句 many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time 可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏 幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选 C。 31.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证据 表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通 过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选 A。学& Passage 2 【文章大意】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我 们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。 27 51.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段 Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子 的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选 D。 52.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条 小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是 为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选 A。 54.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的 I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周 围的事物。故选 B。 55.A 【解析】推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的 人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙吧。故选 A。 Passage 3 【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。 28.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段 Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger 就 是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选 B。 29.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段 The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选 B。 30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一段中的 Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.可见 Friedman 虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见 Friedman 对未来是充满 希望的，故选 C。 题组二 Passage1 28 【文章大意】救助小动物并没有那么简单，因为你所做的救助行为到最后可能都成了无用功。但无论 结果怎样，救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮 助它回到父母身边的故事。 24. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的 Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知救助受伤的、流离失所的、生病的动物是令人心碎的， 因为我们不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是说我们为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这 是不可避免的。故选 A。 26. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的 I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down 可知在 作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选 A。 27. B 【解析】观点态度题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母，小猫 头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐，作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的 However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选 B。 Passage2 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具有 75 年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的 竞争而被转售的故事。 24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据首段的最后两句可知，这次散场后的清理工作与之前不同的是工人不仅清 理走了垃圾，而且还挪走了座椅和剧院的其他设备，因为剧院已经被转卖出去了。 25.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是因为这部电影本身讲述的 就是小镇上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，与 Plaza Theater 的现状一样。 26.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段末句中的＂which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.＂可以推断出这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。 27.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的＂most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building＂可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。 Passage3 【文章大意】本文属于夹叙夹议文，首先叙述了一个叫 Svetlana Cojochru 的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利， 但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来人进行语言测试的原因以及对 29 此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们 Cojochru 的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽 然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。 28. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的＂but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test…＂可知，Cojochru 是为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选 A。 29. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的＂such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration＂可知一些人担心对语言水平的要求可能会引起人与人之间的不包容，即冲突，故选 B。 30. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的＂even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently＂可知 Cojochru 的意大利语已经说的得很流利了，故选 C。 Passage4 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅行的特殊经历带给作者的深思和感悟。 41.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句 Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view 可知选 B。 44.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子 This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom.可知选 D。 45. A 【解析】考查推理判断。最后两段内容是作者对这次特殊经历的感悟，所以这篇文章可以看做是作者 对一次特殊经历的深入思考。故选 A。 题组三 Passage1 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。 同时也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择。 25. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据首段末句可知，Mildred Garza 搬到离孩子近的地方居住让他们的关系更密 切，一家人认为这是一个成功的事情。故选 A。 26.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段末句 Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family 可知，很多人会受 Marian Robinson 的影响，所以这会形成一种潮流。故选 D 。 27.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知，在 20 世纪 60 年代人们都希望离开家，以此来证明自 30 己的独立。故选 C。 28.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智，不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选 A 。 Passage2 【文章大意】本文属于说明文，介绍了 BookCrossing.com 所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过程。 29.B 【解析】目的意图题。作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在 一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出 BookCrossing.com,说明作者提 到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站 BookCrossing.com。故 B 正确。 31.C 【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“... the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home ” 可 知 ， 让 书 蒙 上 尘 土 是 一 种 很 自 私 的 行 为 ， 网 站 BookCrossing.com 的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。 故 C 项正确。 32.D 【解析】 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知 BookCrossing.com 把改变人生的两种事物：遇到的人和 读过的书联系在一起。D 项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。 Passage3 【文章大意】为了了解老年司机所面临的问题，科研人员研制出 DriveLAB，目的是能够帮助他们延长 驾龄，从而保持积极、健康生活方式。 32.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章首段的内容可知，研制 DriveLAB 的目的是为了更好地了解老年司机 所面临的挑战，从而发现关键的压力所在。 33. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe 所说的＂...driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others＂可知， 在 Phil Blythe 看来，能够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活和自由外出的重要条件。 34. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三段的内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术 来帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多的独立生活。 Passage4 31 【文章大意】本文是一篇广告，招聘一位电脑技术好，懂篮球并在晚上和周末有空的学生。 1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的 during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters 可知这项工作的工作时间为 2016 年秋天，2016 至 2017 年的冬天和 2017 年春天。故 C 项 “在 2016 年 9 月”符合题意。 2. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的 Students must meet all of the following requirements:Good computer skills；Available evenings and weekends；Knowing basketball rules and statistics 可知学生 必须满足下面要求：好的电脑技术；晚上和周末有空；懂篮球规则和统计学知识。故 C 项符合题意。 3. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589 可知 B 项符合题意。故选 B。学& 题组四 Passage1 【文章大意】每年被扔掉的旧手机不计其数，但是你可以利用你的旧手机自制一台自行车行车记 录仪，这样不仅锻炼了你的动手能力，而且又省钱又环保。 1.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第一段＂With the camera, you can record your rides, which is especially helpful if you are involved in a crash with another vehicle.＂可推断出，安装自行车行车记录仪可以在事 故中避免一些不必要的争论。 2.C【解析】考查代词指代。根据上下文可知，要想把旧手机当行车记录仪固定在自行车上，你必须拿两条 耐用的重型尼龙搭扣和两个管夹，一个平角撑把旧手机绑好。故此处 it 指代 the smartphone。 3.A【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的＂By using heavy-duty Velcro, you shouldn’t have to worry about the camera coming loose.＂可知，重型尼龙搭扣能很好地固定住手机。 4.B【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中的＂but you will be giving yourself a way to protect yourself in a friendly, eco-friendly manner that is much less expensive than purchasing a dash cam＂可推断出，自制行车 记录仪在某种程度上对环境有益处。 Passage2 【文章大意】在孩子的成长过程中，父母的教育与期望值要有一个“度”，不能揠苗助长；同时，父母也 要以身作则，为孩子树立一个榜样。 1.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段开头的“In bringing up children，every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill”可知，既然是每位父母都会这样做，那么这种做法在父母中就是普 遍的，故选 B。 32 3.C 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第二段的大意是“父母对孩子的严格程度有很大的不同”。故选 C。 4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句“If they are not sincere and do not practice…”及文章最后一 段可以得出结论，关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，做孩子的好榜样，故选 A。 Passage3 【文章大意】文章描述作者和两个女孩骑马比赛，这让作者感到兴奋，也感到虽然自己上了年纪，但 是有一颗年轻的心。 1. A 【 解 析 】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 三 段 的 句 子 ＂ We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop(飞驰). The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.＂可知，作者的马飞驰起来使得其它马想要赶上。故选 A。 2. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子＂Taylore’s face glowed. She gave me a high five. ‘Wow, you did well,’ she said.’I knew you’d go fast when you were ready.’ ＂可知，作者的出色的表现让 Taylore 很惊讶。故选 D。 3. A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. …Because despite my wrinkles (皱纹), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart.＂可知，比赛结束的时候，作者的心狂跳因为他感觉兴奋而且年轻。故选 A。 4. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂like a horse on a warm summer day,＂可知，作者感觉 自己像温暖夏日的马，总是准备好享受一番。故选 B。 Passage4 【文章大意】春节期间北京博物馆指南。本文共介绍了北京的四个博物馆，介绍了传统的文化，中外 历史等内容。 1.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据本文题目 A guide to Beijing museums during Spring Festival 春节期间北京博 物馆指南。本文共介绍了北京的四个博物馆，介绍了传统的文化，中外历史等，可知文章应该出现 在报纸的文化专栏，故选 D。 33 3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据 The National Museum of China 中的 Pasting Spring Festival couplets too doors is a traditional custom in Chinese culture. An exhibition Calligraphy Art of Couplets for the Year of the Money is ongoing, with more than 30 calligraphers’ couplet pieces on display. A major exhibition, Treasures of Romania, showcasing Romania’s history from the pre-historical period to the end of the 18th century, is still underway.可知，欣赏中外历史的最佳博物馆应该是 The National Museum of China，故 选 A。