2020-2021年高三英语一轮复习易错题《定语从句》

2020-2021年高三英语一轮复习易错题《定语从句》

2020-2021 年高三英语一轮复习易错题《定语从句》 易错题：关系副词引导的定语从句 （2020·新课标 I 卷，语法填空，1.5 分）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___63___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是不清楚什么时候用关系副词引导定语从句。 【问诊】句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这 个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是 a spot， 关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用 where 引导。 【答案】where 【叮嘱】 先行词 关系 副词 在从句中 的作用 与“介词＋关系 代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time， day，year 等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/ during which 表示场所的名词：park， place，country，house 等 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which 表示理由的名词：the reason why 作原因状语 ＝for which (1)先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词 point，position，situation, stage, state, case, scene，spot 等后也常用 where 引导定语从句。 He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror. 他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。 (2)the reason 作先行词时，若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用 that 或 which 引导。 The boss doesn't want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give. 老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。 变式练习 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最 大。句中先行词为 an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用 when。 故选 C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。 句中 she can say individual words but not full sentences 是一个定语从句，先行词是 the stage， 关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词 where，故选 B。 3. （翻译）我出生在美国最大的城市纽约。 I was born in New York, where is the biggest city of America.(×) I was born in New York, which is the biggest city of America.(√) 易错题：关系代词 whose 引导的定语从句 （2020 年新课标全国卷Ⅲ，语法填空，1.5 分）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是不记得关系词 whose 。 【问诊】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从 句修饰先行词 artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词 whose。 【答案】whose 【叮嘱】 关系代词指代的对象及其作用 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中的作用 who 人 作主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 作宾语 which 事物 作主语、宾语 that 人或事物 作主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或事物 作定语 as 人或事物，一般用于“such ... as” “the same ... as” “as ... as”结构中 作主语、宾语、表语 变式练习 1. （2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。 此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是 many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词 from 的宾语， 应使用关系代词 which 引导。故选 B。 2. （2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作 定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词 whose 引导该从句，故选 A。 易错题通关 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere __where__his employees enjoy their work. 解析：本句中定语从句“his employees enjoy their work”不缺主宾表，先行词为 atmosphere，表示“气氛，氛围”。将“in＋先行词 atmosphere”还原回从句中成立， 因此答案为 where。 2．As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time __when__he should be able to be independent. 解析：分析结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为 time。定语从句为空格后 句子，缺少时间状语，用 when 引导。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总 是渴望他应该能独立的时候。 3. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon __which__ school education depends. 解析：本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词 upon 的后面作宾语， 故用关系代词且指代先行词 the fundamental skill，因此用 which。 4．It is a truly delightful place, __which__ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 解析：此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 place，定语从句中缺主语， 故用关系代词 which。句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，这里蜿蜒的小路和美丽的 小村庄一定和 100 年前看起来是一模一样的。 5．The books on the desk，__whose__covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 解析：此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the books，________和 covers 之 间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的 封面闪闪发光。根据语境填 whose。 6．He wrote many children's books，nearly half of __which__ were published in the 1990s. 解析：此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 children's books，定语从句中 of 缺少宾语，故填 which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在 20 世纪 90 年代出版的。 7．Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon， __which__calls for our great concern. 解析：句意：目前，学校暴力是个热点问题。我认为这是一个需要我们极大 的关注的现象。从句子结构分析可以看出，空白后面句子是一个非限制性定语从 句，对前面句子进行补充说明。 8．The number of smokers，__as__is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 解析：此句为 as 引导的非限制性定语从句。as 意为“正如，正像”，在定语从 句中可作主语、宾语或表语；as 在这里代替整个主句的内容；“as is reported”意 为“正如被报道的那样”。句意：正如被报道的那样，烟民的数量在仅仅一年的时 间就下降了 17%。 9．Some passers－by witnessed the car accident __where__ five passengers were killed, a baby included. 解析：句意为：一些路人目睹了这场事故，其中有五位乘客丧生包括一个婴 儿。设空处引导定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导。 10．“Spit－take” refers to an act __where__ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising. 解析：句意为：“笑喷”是指一种行为：某人在听到有趣的或吃惊的事情后从嘴 中喷出液体。设空处引导定语从句修饰 act，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此 用 where 引导。 11．Cultural shock is a feeling __which/that__most travelers experience in a foreign country __where__ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own. 解析：句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数游客在外国会经历的感觉，在那里他 们会感觉外国的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。分析句子成分可知，两空均 引导定语从句，第一空的先行词为 a feeling，且在从句中作 experience 的宾语， 因此用 which/that 引导；第二空的先行词为 a foreign country，在从句中作地点状 语，故用 where 引导。 12．Tibet is such a place __as__ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting. 解析：句意为：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的 先行词为 a place，其前有 such 修饰，引导词应用关系代词 as。 13．Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, __where__ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them. 解析：句意为：父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面， 这样我弟弟就不会拿到它们了。设空处引导定语从句；修饰先行词 a small tool room，并在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。 14．In 2014, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China __as__ almost each person could benefit from in life. 解析：句意为：在 2014 年，关系到公众利益的重要的改革政策被引进到中国， 几乎每一个人都能从中受益。先行词policies前有such修饰，且引导词作介词from 的宾语，因此用 as 引导。 15．We expect you to become someone of __whom__ we'll feel very proud in the future. 解析：句意为：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of 意 为“为……感到自豪”，引导词置于介词 of 后作宾语，且先行词为 someone，指人， 故填 whom。 16．The movie Pompeii came out this February, __which__ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience. 解析：句意为：电影《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带 来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the movie Pompeii，many people think 为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填 which。 17．Anyone __who__ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses. 解析：句意为：任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。 设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 anyone，且在定语从句中作主语，一般不用 that，故用 who 引导。 18．Then he waved his hand in the direction from __which__ the woman had called. 解析：句意为：接着他向传来喊叫声的那位女士的方向挥手。设空处引导定 语从句，修饰先行词 direction，且在从句中作介词 from 的宾语，故填 which。 19．Will you think of those individuals__who/that__ have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a comfortable life? 解析：句意为：在你生活舒适时你会想起那些帮你度过艰难时光的人吗？该 定语从句缺少主语，先行词为指人的 individuals，故填 who 或 that。 20．On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm __where__ we learnt to plant potatoes. 解析：句意为：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习 了种植土豆。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a farm，且在从句中作地点状语， 故用 where 引导。 Ⅱ. 语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 There was a time __1. when__ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this is the reason __2. why__ my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, __3. where__ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide __4. whose__ teacher was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from __5. whom__ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities __6. that/which__ we did. My father and the guide __7. who/that__ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into __8. which__ I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through __9. which__ I can memorize a large number of new words. __10. As__ our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.” Ⅲ. 单句改错 1．Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office. 答案与解析：it→which 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句 中缺少指代前面这个句子内容的主语，所以要用 which。it 无连接作用，不引导 定语从句。 2．It is such a big stone that nobody can lift. 答案与解析：that→as 或在 lift 后加 it 把该句看成 so...that...结构，可以在 lift 后加 it，把 that 引导的结果状语从句补充完整。该句也可以看成一个定语从句， 此时，先行词 stone 前有 such，所以定语从句的引导词用 as，as 在从句中充当 lift 的宾语。故也可以把 that 改为 as。 3．Which is mentioned above, our school still calls for many good teachers. 答案与解析：Which→As as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句且指代整句话时 的区别。as 和 which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个一句话。 as 从句位置比较灵活，置前、置中或置后都可以，而 which 只能放在主句后面。其 次，如果从句意思是“正如……，正像……”时，就用 as。如果从句意思是“这一 点，这”时，就用 which。总之，位置记住，意思分清。 4．Have you noticed that small house, its roof is red? 答案与解析：its→whose 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句。所以 用 whose 代替 its，its 无连接作用，不引导定语从句。 5．Tomb－Sweeping Day is one of China's traditional festivals, in which people hold memorial activities in memory of the dead. 答案与解析：in→on “介词＋关系代词”的定语从句中的介词由先行词决定。 on Tomb－Sweeping Day 在清明节。 6．Believe it or not, I don't like the way which he spoke to me. 答案与解析：which→that/删去 which/which 前加 in 先行词是 way，定语从句 中缺状语时，定语从句引导词可以是 that/in which 或者不加关系词。 7．Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down. 答案与解析：that→which 逗号后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作 主语，指代先行词 car，故用 which。that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 8．Are you facing a situation where looks impossible to fix? 答案与解析：where→which/that situation 后是一个定语从句，引导词在从句 中作主语，故用 which/that。 9．She is a very nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress. 答案与解析：whom→who/that girl 后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语， 故应该用 who/that。whom 是宾格，只能作宾语。 10．The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite. 答案与解析：what→which/that 或删去 what dishes 后是定语从句，引导词在 从句中作宾语，故用 which/that 或删去 what。what 不引导定语从句。