专题2-3+Computers（句型语法）-2018年高三英语一轮总复习名师伴学

专题2-3+Computers（句型语法）-2018年高三英语一轮总复习名师伴学

专题2.3+Computers ‎【学以致用】‎ 三、重点句型剖析 ‎1.（教材原句）I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.‎ 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 句中before引导时间状语从句，意为“……之后，......才……”。另外before除了其基本意思“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“(……之后)才；没来得及；以免；免得”之意。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎①“It was＋时间段＋before...”表示“过了多久才……”。从句常用一般过去时。‎ ‎②“It was not long before...”意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去时。‎ ‎③“It will not be long before...”表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一般现在时。‎ ‎④“It will be＋时间段＋before...”表示“要过多久才……”。从句常用一般现在时。‎ ‎（1）They walked a long way they arrived at their destination.‎ 他们走了很长的路才到达目的地。‎ ‎（2）_______ I could say a word，he had rushed out of the classroom.‎ 我还没来得及说句话，他就冲出了教室。‎ ‎（3）It was three days _______ he came back.‎ 过了三天他才回来。‎ ‎（4）It was not long _______ he got a rise in the company.‎ 不久他在公司就升了职。‎ ‎【答案】（1）before （2）Before（3）before （4）before ‎2.（教材原句）Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told!‎ 随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展地如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记人们告诉我的任何事情！‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 本句为主从复合句。主句是my memory has developed so much；that引导结果状语从句，其中I have been told是省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词anything。so...that...如此……以至于……，that引导结果状语从句。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎①so...that...常用结构如下：‎ so＋adj./adv. +that 从句 so ＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数+that 从句 so ＋many/few＋可数名词复数+that 从句 so much/little＋不可数名词+that 从句 ‎②such...that...“如此……以至于……”也可用来引导结果状语从句。such为形容词，一般用来修饰名词，常构成如下结构：‎ such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数+that 从句 such＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词+that 从句 ‎③在so...that...句式中，如果that引导的是目的状语从句，则从句中多含有情态动词，如may，might，can，could等。so that 引导目的状语从句，有同样用法。学%‎ She was so excited that she couldn't go to sleep.‎ 她兴奋得睡不着觉。‎ It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.‎ ‎(＝It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.)天气如此热，谁也不想干活。‎ I made so many mistakes in the composition that the teacher criticized me.‎ 我的作文中出了许多错误，老师批评了我。‎ 拓展：‎ ‎①当 so.../such...位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。‎ So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.‎ 那个标记非常小，我几乎看不见它。‎ ‎②so...that...中的主句和从句的主语是同一个，that 从句也可改为 as to do 形式。‎ The old lady was so kind that she led me to the hospital.‎ ‎＝The old lady was so kind as to lead me to the hospital.‎ 这个老太太是那样好心，她把我领到了医院。‎ ‎③so that 连在一起用，可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句。so ‎ that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用 can/could/may/might/will/would/should 等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用 can和 may等词，在 so that前可以有逗号，意思是“因此；所以”。‎ He hurried up so that he could catch the train.‎ 他匆匆赶路为的是赶上火车。(对比：He hurried up so that he caught the train. 他匆匆赶路，结果赶上了火车。‎ ‎（1）______about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.‎ A．So curious the couple was B．So curious were the couple C．How curious the couple were D．The couple was such curious ‎（2）Most children need encouragement in time of failure ______ they can cheer up again.‎ A．so that B．in case C．because D．if 解析：考查 so that 引导目的状语从句。‎ 答案：A ‎3.（教材原句）By the time I was sixteen，my dream had come true．‎ 当我十六岁时，我的梦想已经成真了。‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 句中by the time 相当于一个连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“到……为止”。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎①by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时时，主句通常用将来完成时(强调主句谓语动作在从句谓语动作发生之前已经完成)，有时也可用一般将来时(状态性动词)和一般现在时(祈使句)‎ ‎②by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时(强调主句谓语动作在从句谓语动作发生之前已经完成)，有时也可用一般过去时(状态性动词或非持续性动词的否定形式)‎ 即学即练］‎ ‎（1）By the time they get there，we (finish) the work.‎ 他们到那里时，我们已经把工作做完了。‎ ‎（2）By the time the soldiers arrived at the area，the number of the injured __________ (rise) to ten thousand.‎ 当士兵们到达那个地区时，伤员已增至一万人。‎ ‎4. （教材原句）She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games．‎ 她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我们的程序。‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ while watching human games 为省略式状语从句，如补全为while she is watching human games.‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ 状语从句的省略原则：‎ ‎①在when，while，if，unless，though，once等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，为了使句子结构简洁，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。‎ ‎②若从句的主语和动词为it＋be的某种形式时，也可以将it be一起省略。‎ 即学即练］‎ ‎（1）The project is hard to stop once ______(begin)．‎ 这个工程一旦开始就很难停下了。‎ ‎（2） , please give me a call.‎ 如果有必要，请给我打电话。‎ ‎【答案】（1）begun （2）If necessary ‎5. （教材原句） I would really like to play against a human team，for I have been programmed to act just like them.‎ 我真的特别想要和人类球队比赛，因为我经过程序编制，行动起来和他们一样。‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 本句中for为并列连词，表原因，用于对前面所述情况作补充说明。它一般不置于句首，其前通常有逗号与前面的分句隔开。‎ 即学即练］‎ ‎（1）He found it more difficult to read， his eyes were failing.‎ 他觉得阅读起来更困难了，因为他的视力越来越差。‎ ‎（2）He felt no fear，____ he was a brave man.‎ 他不感到害怕，因为他是个勇敢的人。‎ ‎【答案】（1）for （2）for ‎【明辨异同】for，because，since，as，now that for ‎“因为”，并列连词，前后不是主从关系，而是并列关系，它对前面一个分句补充说明其理由，但不具备因果关系 because ‎“因为”，与主句是因果关系，直接说明其原因，语气最强烈，也最常用，能回答why，可用强调句型对其强调 since ‎“既然”，与主句有因果关系，说明理由，表示大家都知道的原因 as ‎“由于”，与主句有因果关系，有时可与because互换，说明显而易见的理由，但语气比较弱 now that ‎“既然”，相当于since since，now that，as，because，for ‎（3）________we are all here，let's start.‎ ‎（4）________he wasn't ready in time，we went without him.‎ ‎（5）I can't do it now ________I'm busy.‎ ‎（6）It must have rained last night，________the ground is wet.‎ ‎6.（教材原句）As time went by，I was made smaller.‎ 随着时间的流逝，我变得更小了。‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 连词as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”，with也可译成“随着……”，但其后接的是复合结构而不是句子。‎ You will grow wiser as you grow older.‎ 你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。‎ ‎__________________________，we find little time to gather with our friends. ‎ 随着生活水平的提高，我们和朋友的聚会变少了。‎ ‎7.（教材原句）Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.‎ 无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。‎ ‎【归纳总结】‎ of high quality在句中做定语，属于of＋n.结构。这一结构相当于形容词，在句中可以做表语、定语或宾语补足语。‎ ‎①of＋n.结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。这些名词前可用 great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修饰，以表示不同程度。‎ The camel is of great help to the Arab.(＝The camel is very helpful to the Arab.)骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。‎ ‎②of＋n.结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的名词有：size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, colour 等。‎ The two are of an age, but are of different height.这两个人年龄相同，但身高不同。‎ ‎③of＋n.结构还可以表示主语的根源关系，此时的名词多是表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍以及出处的名词，常用的名词有：family, blood, race, origin 等。‎ We are of the same blood. 我们是同一血统。‎ ‎④of＋n.结构还可以表示人的特点、特性，常用 of＋wealth/education/courage/achievement/ability 等。‎ Your sister is a girl of wisdom.你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。‎ ‎ ‎ You will find this map of great ______ in helping you to get around London.‎ A．price B．cost C．value D．usefulness ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】be of great value＝be very valuable “很有价值”。‎ 四、重点语法突破 现在完成时的被动语态 ‎（一）现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式 The city has been swept through by heat wave recently.‎ 最近炎热横扫了这座城市。‎ His work has not been finished.‎ 他的工作尚未完成。‎ Have the new booking systems for tickets been used?‎ 新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？‎ ‎（二）现在完成时的被动语态的用法 ‎1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，since...，before...等连用。‎ The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.‎ 还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)‎ ‎2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。‎ The machine has been repaired for two hours.‎ 这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)‎ ‎（三）使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点 ‎1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。‎ 一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。‎ The park was opened to the public last year.‎ 去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)‎ The park has been opened to the public.‎ 这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)‎ ‎2.非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。‎ The work was finished two weeks ago.‎ 这项工作在两周前已经完成。‎ The work has been finished.‎ 这项工作已经完成。‎ ‎3.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。‎ It is said that the problem has been looked into.‎ 据说已经调查了这个问题。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The experiment ________(do) successfully.‎ ‎2．Has his bike ________(repair)?‎ ‎3．Many new buildings ________(build) since 1980.‎ ‎4．This book ________(translate) into many languages.‎ ‎5．Our classroom ________(clean)，you needn't clean it now.‎ ‎6．These flowers ________(water)，you can go home.‎ ‎7．Not a book in the library ________(take) away.‎ ‎8．The house ________(wash) away by the storm.‎ ‎9．The computer ________(repair) for two days.‎ ‎10．How many new words ________(learn) by the students?‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．A personal computer has bought by us.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．The computer was used every day since we bought it.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．Tom's novel has been not published.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________‎ ‎4．These patients have been taken good care since they moved to the hospital.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________‎ ‎5．Tom and Mary married for two years.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________‎