2019届一轮复习外研版选修八Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse单元学案设计（22页）

2019届一轮复习外研版选修八Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse单元学案设计（22页）

‎2019届一轮复习外研版 选修八 Module 5The Conquest of the Universe单元学案设计 ‎【课前预习】‎ Ⅰ.情景默写 ‎1.It was the most terrifying accident I’d ever witnessed(目睹).‎ ‎2.We must bring in the advanced(先进的) technology in a short time.‎ ‎3.Assuming(假定) that you get a place at university，how are you going to finance your studies?‎ ‎4.She explained the question to the boy 5 times with great patience(耐心).‎ ‎5.He leapt(跳跃) from a window in the building and escaped.‎ ‎6.We believe the students will soon get accustomed(习惯的) to climate here.‎ ‎7.We are watching with you this great historic(历史性的)event and share with you the joy and happiness.‎ ‎8.As to the subject，we have consulted(咨询) the most learned professor who gave us detailed explanation.‎ ‎9.He knows so much about Russia that he’s universally acknowledged(认为) as an authority on Russian affairs.‎ ‎10.The woman accused(控告) the man of stealing her money.‎ ‎11.It was a great relief(欣慰) to find that my family was all safe.‎ ‎12.Thinking of his daughter，who was killed in an accident，he was in ‎ deep sorrow(悲伤).‎ ‎13.His teachings were so abstract(抽象的) that many of us couldn’t understand them.‎ ‎14.The conflicts between different ethnic groups caused a series of(一系列) wars.‎ ‎15.I was still living in London when the war broke out(爆发).‎ ‎16.Though he had tried to climb to the top of the mountain several times，he didn’t make it(成功).‎ ‎17.In spite of(尽管)the rough weather and traffic，rescue teams have managed to reach the quake－stricken area.‎ ‎18.How I wish that I could set out(陈述) my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the Net.‎ Ⅱ.词性转换 ‎1.At first，Anne totally depended on Jack，her husband.After many years of struggle，she gained her independence and now she is dependent on herself to lead a new life.(depend)‎ ‎2.Mr Black is my devoted friend.He devotes his life to doing scientific research.I respect his devotion to science.(devote)‎ ‎3.The doctor said patiently, “Just a little patience.I’m examining the patient.”(patient)‎ ‎4.It is assumed that hard work leads to great success，so we assume him to be successful.But assuming that he isn’t that lucky，what shall we do to ‎ comfort him？(assume)‎ ‎5.Our soldiers now can advance 300 miles a day in the desert with the help of the advanced(advance) Global Positioning System(全球定位系统).‎ ‎1.句型公式：sb/sth seem to have done某人/物似乎做了某事 他好像已经读过这部小说了，因为他对里面的情节了解得蛮多的。‎ He seems to have read the novel because he knows much about the plots.‎ ‎2.句型公式：be ＋to do表示“依照安排将要发生的动作或将来必然会出现的动作”‎ 明天学生们将在学校大门口集合。‎ The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow.‎ ‎3.句型公式：no＋比较级＋than...“和……一样不……”‎ 坐火车到天津去并不比坐汽车快。‎ It’s no faster to go to Tianjin by train than by bus.‎ ‎4.句型公式：as引导让步状语从句 虽然听起来有点奇怪，但他的想法值得一试。‎ ‎ Strange as it might sound, his idea was actually worth practicing.(2018·江苏省栟茶中学模拟)‎ 第一板块 核心词汇 ‎1.accustomed adj.习惯的；通常的，惯常的 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/一句多译 ‎①It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.‎ ‎②She spends all her free time in learning English to get herself accustomed to live in the foreign country.live→living ‎►我习惯于在冬天的每个晚上喝一杯热茶，这样我就会觉得很舒服。‎ ‎③I am accustomed to drinking/accustom myself to drinking a cup of hot tea every evening in the cold winter，and I feel comfortable.‎ ‎④Accustomed to drinking a cup of hot tea every evening in the cold winter，I feel comfortable.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth习惯于做某事(状态)‎ get/become accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于做某事(动作)‎ ‎(2)accustom vt. 使……习惯于 accustom oneself to (doing) sth 使自己习惯于做某事 ‎2.assume vt.假设，假定；认为；承担 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/句式升级 ‎①We must assume him to be innocent(innocence)until he is proved guilty.‎ ‎②A lot of people make the assumption(assume)that poverty only exists ‎ in the Third World.‎ ‎③Assuming(assume) that there wasn’t the hard work of the dustman，what can you imagine our environment will be like? ‎ ‎④People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.‎ ‎→It is assumed that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语改写)‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)assume...to be...　认为……是……；假定……是……‎ It is assumed that... 人们认为……‎ ‎(2)assuming that 假定……(作状语)‎ ‎(3)assumption n. 假定；假设 make an assumption 认为；假定 ‎3.acknowledge v.承认；认为；告知(收到)；确认 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/完成句子 ‎①As we all know，Lang Lang is acknowledged as/to be one of the greatest pianists.‎ ‎②With no solid evidence，he refused to acknowledge stealing/having stolen(steal)the lady’s purse.‎ ‎③Generally acknowledging as the finest poet in the land，he still lives a low－profile life.acknowledging→acknowledged ‎④人们普遍认为应该依据其综合素质评价学生。‎ It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)acknowledge doing sth　承认做了某事 acknowledge sth/that从句 承认……‎ acknowledge sb as.../to be... 认为……是……(常用于被动语态)‎ ‎(2)It is widely/universally acknowledged that... 大家公认……‎ ‎4.consult v.商讨；向……请教；查阅 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/句式升级 ‎①He often goes to my office to consult me about the method of learning English.‎ ‎②The doctor consulted his colleagues about the operation on the patient.在consulted后加with ‎③After I consulted my teacher，I made up my mind to major in English.‎ ‎→Having consulted my teacher，I made up my mind to major in English.(非谓语动词作状语)‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)consult with sb (about sth)与某人磋商/商量(某事)‎ consult sb about sth 向某人请教/咨询某事 consult a map/the dictionary/one’s doctor 查阅地图/查字典/找医生看病 ‎(2)consultant n.[C] 顾问；咨询者 ‎5.accuse sb of sth控告/指责某人……‎ 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/同义句改写 ‎①The accused(accuse) was thought of as a murderer，but the judge found him innocent.‎ ‎②The shop assistant was dismissed as she was accused with cheating customers.with→of ‎③He was accused of cheating in the exam，which surprised us all.‎ ‎→He was charged with cheating in the exam，which surprised us all.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)accuse sb of sth＝charge sb with sth控告/指责某人做了某事 ‎(2)the accused 被告 第二板块 经典句式 ‎6.as引导的让步状语从句 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/单句改错/句型转换 ‎①Try as/though he might，he couldn’t solve the problem.‎ ‎②Although the company is small，but it has about 1000 buyers in over 30 countries.去掉but或but→yet/still ‎③Hard although he worked，he failed in the 2018 College Entrance Examination.although→though/as ‎④Although he is talented，he is not ready to turn professional.‎ ‎→Talented as/though he is, he is not ready to turn professional.‎ ‎⑤However hard he tried，he couldn’t solve the problem.‎ ‎→Hard as he tried, he couldn’t solve the problem.‎ ‎⑥Though he is an orphan，he can look after himself.‎ ‎→Orphan as he is，he can look after himself.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 as引导让步状语从句时，从句须倒装。其结构为：‎ ‎(1)单数可数名词(无冠词)/形容词＋as＋主语＋be＋其他成分 ‎(2)动词原形＋as＋主语＋助动词/情态动词＋其他成分 ‎(3)副词＋as＋主语＋谓语动词＋其他成分 ‎【点津】‎ ‎(1)though引导让步状语从句时，从句可用倒装语序，也可用正常语序；although引导的让步状语从句不用倒装语序。‎ ‎(2)although/though 可以与yet，still连用，但是不能与but连用。‎ Ⅰ.课文语法填空 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot 1.on the Moon back on 21st July，1969，people have become 2.accustomed(accustom) to the idea of space travel.All three astronauts made it 3.safely(safe) back to Earth，4.using(use) a spaceship computer that was much less powerful 5.than the ones used by the average school students today.By the time the Challenger took off in 1986，the world seemed 6.to have lost(lose) its fear ‎ and wonder at the 7.amazing(amaze) achievement of people going up into space.But this was going to be a special flight and so 8.millions(million) of people tuned in to witness the take－off on TV.Sadly the Challenger had exploded in midair.It 9.happened(happen) so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock.In spite of all our advanced technology，the world is still only at 10.the very beginning of its voyage into space.‎ Ⅱ.课文短文改错 In 1898，an English writer H.G.Wells wrote that is arguably the most important novel in the history of science fiction The War of the Worlds.It is a dramatically story about an invasion of the Earth by aliens from Mars，a subject that fascinated science fiction writers and filmmakers ever since.But when，in 1938，the American actor and director，Orson Welles set a radio drama of them in the real life New Jersey town of Grover’s Mill，little do he know what impact he was going to make.When people turned on their radios and heard of the broadcast，it was so realistic which they believed every word.Hundred of people left their homes in panic，caused traffic jams all over the state and the town became the centre of the universe.‎ 答案　‎ In 1898， English writer H.G.Wells wrote is arguably the most important novel in the history of science fiction The War of the Worlds.It ‎ is a story about an invasion of the Earth by aliens from Mars，a subject that fascinated science fiction writers and film－makers ever since.But when，in 1938，the American actor and director，Orson Welles set a radio drama of in the real life New Jersey town of Grover’s Mill，little he know what impact he was going to make.When people turned on their radios and heard the broadcast，it was so realistic they believed every word. of people left their homes in panic， traffic jams all over the state and the town became the centre of the universe.‎ Ⅲ.教材与写作 人们普遍认为，互联网和智能手机对生活产生了巨大影响，但是也带来了一些负面影响。请根据要点提示写一篇短文。‎ ‎1.优点：便利，点击鼠标或屏幕就可查询信息；‎ ‎2.缺点：阻止面对面交流；‎ ‎3.现状：沉迷于手机，习惯被信息包围。‎ 注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇50词左右的短文；‎ ‎2.尽量使用本模块的知识点；‎ ‎3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ It’s generally acknowledged that the Internet and smartphones have a ‎ great impact on our life.Getting the information we need is no more difficult than clicking the mouse or touching the screens.Though they are useful，yet they prevent us from communicating with each other face to face.Wherever we go，we witness many people who are addicted to their smart phones.People seem to have got accustomed to the life with much information every day.‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2018·甘肃兰州高考模拟)‎ Bored with your life? Dreaming of something different? I always wonder what life would be like 400 km above my head.That’s where the International Space Station orbits the earth，with six astronauts living and working on board，for months at a time.‎ How do they sleep? They spend the night floating in a sleeping bag inside a small cubicle(小隔间) on the ceiling.American astronaut Sunita Williams explains，“It’s like a little phone booth，but it’s pretty comfortable and it doesn’t matter if I turn over and sleep upside down.I don’t have any sensation(感觉) in my head that tells me I’m upside down.”‎ Brushing your teeth in a place where you can’t have a tap or a sink can be ‎ a challenge.Can you imagine the mess that running water would make in zero gravity? Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield uses a straw to put a big blob(一滴) of water from a sealed bag onto an ordinary toothbrush and adds a little toothpaste which he has to swallow when he’s done.‎ Daily exercise is essential.The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength—so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hours a day.‎ The role of astronauts in the International Space Station is to act as lab technicians for scientists back on earth.So they spend their time maintaining their environment and performing and monitoring experiments in a confined space about the size of a Boeing 747.Almost every task is carefully planned by mission control—although most astronauts spend their first days losing things until they get used to sticking everything they use to the walls with Velcro，duct tape(强力胶带) or clips(夹子).‎ One of their most valued perks(额外待遇) is the view from “the office”， dominated by that gigantic blue ball down there，sitting in the darkness of space.Wow! Absolutely breathtaking!‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要讲述了太空中宇航员的生活和工作情况。‎ ‎1.When they sleep upside down，the astronauts will not get dizzy because .‎ A.they don’t feel it B.they sleep in the daytime C.they sleep in special sleeping bags D.they are trained to adapt to the conditions of weightlessness 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，宇航员倒着睡不会晕是因为大脑并没有感知到这种颠倒的行为，故选A。]‎ ‎2.Why may astronauts lose things?‎ A.Because they always forget where they put their things.‎ B.Because in zero gravity，everything that is not stuck down floats.‎ C.Because they are so busy that they don’t have enough time to put their things away.‎ D.Because in a space station，there aren’t enough places for astronauts to store their things.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第二、三、五段内容可知，在失重状态下没有被固定的东西会飘浮起来以至于会丢失，故选B。]‎ ‎3.What parts become weak if astronauts don’t exercise?‎ A.Their teeth and bones.‎ B.Their brains and bones.‎ C.Their teeth and muscles.‎ D.Their bones and muscles.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength”可知，宇航员不锻炼的话，他们的肌肉和骨头会变得虚弱。]‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.The Problems We Met in Space B.How to Become an Astronaut C.Living and Working in Space D.The International Space Station 答案　C　[标题归纳题。根据第一段和全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是太空中宇航员的生活和工作情况，故选C。]‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018·云南第一次高中毕业生复习统一检测)‎ Courage is a personality quality that everyone possesses，but it sometimes fades because of bad experiences or memories. 1 .By identifying the source of any lack of courage and actively changing your behavior，you can build courage.‎ Determine your specific fears.People are often reluctant to admit that they are afraid of something and this may be weakening their confidence and courage.In order to begin building courage，you need to determine your specific fears. 2 .This may help you to develop a plan to overcome them and build your courage.‎ Recognize your courage.Just as it’s important to identify your fears，you should also recognize that you also possess courage in many situations. 3 .It can help you to figure out how to apply this quality to situations in your life that cause timidity(胆怯).It can also help you to develop your ‎ behavior and begin building courage in every aspect of your life.‎ Develop a concrete plan to build your courage.Once you’ve identified your specific fears and recognized situations where you exhibit courage，write out your plan to build your courage and update it when necessary. 4 ，for it helps you stay on track if you have setbacks and see your progress over time.‎ Avoid comparing yourself to others.Every person is different and comparing yourself to other people can minimize your self－confidence.Focusing on yourself and not comparing yourself to others is essential to build your confidence and courage.‎ ‎ 5 .Two characteristics of courageous people are that they not only have confidence，but also believe in their ability to succeed and overcome fears.By cultivating and projecting confidence in yourself，you set yourself on the path to build and maintain courage.‎ A.Part of building your courage is taking risks B.Embrace the positive and avoid the negative C.Write a list of your fears as you figure them out D.Having a clear strategy you can follow is important E.Take the time to acknowledge that you are courageous F.Have confidence and believe in your ability to be courageous G.Having courage is necessary to succeed in many situations in life ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，告诉我们如何拥有勇气。‎ ‎1.G　[上文提到由于不好的经历或记忆，一个人的勇气有时会消减，但勇气是每个人都拥有的性格特点，故此处应承接上文继续讲述勇气对每个人的重要性，故选G项。]‎ ‎2.C　[本段主题是确定你害怕的东西(fears)，且根据空前的“determine your specific fears”可知，C选项最合适。]‎ ‎3.E　[本段主题是要承认自己的勇气，E选项中的“acknowledge that you are courageous”意为“承认你有勇气”，故选E项。]‎ ‎4.D　[本段主题为制订计划，D项中的strategy意为“策略”，与下文的“it helps you stay on track”中的it相呼应。]‎ ‎5.F　[根据下文中的“they not only have confidence，but also believe in their ability to succeed and overcome fears”可知，本段讨论信心和能力，故选F项。]‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2018·石家庄高三质检二)When my sister Diane began playing the violin，she was seven.How did she sound? Terrible.But she didn’t 1 .At twelve，she asked our parents if she could 2 a full－time music school.They said no.Actually，everyone agreed that my sister 3 talent.‎ I was better at my 4 .My teacher had told my parents that I had great 5 .So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to 6 me.But the only time he was 7 was Saturday afternoons at 3 p.m.Back then，I was 8 about the British TV show “The Avengers”，which was 9 every Saturday at 3 p.m.I let nothing take up my “The Avengers” hour.So I 10 ‎ ‎ this amazing opportunity.Today，I don’t even have a 11 in my house.‎ My sister became an engineer，but she 12 stopped making music.When she was in her 40s，she switched her 13 .She went back to college，got a(n) 14 in music education，and became a music teacher.She starts kids out on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never 15 .‎ Recently，she and a pianist pal put on a recital.A big crowd of friends and family 16 for her.As she played，I looked around at the 17 .Everyone was 18 enjoying the music.It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7－year－old kid making those perfectly 19 sounds and knew how far she had come，despite 20 .‎ Talent is important.But enthusiasm is even more important.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过讲述妹妹追求梦想的经历告诉我们：天赋很重要，但更重要的是热情。‎ ‎1.A.advance B.quit C.reflect D.listen 答案　B　[根据上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；结合本句的“But”表示的转折意义可知，但她没有放弃(quit)。]‎ ‎2.A.inspect B.open C.attend D.visit 答案　C　‎ ‎[本句句意为：在十二岁时，她问父母她是否可以去全日制的音乐学校上学。attend school为固定搭配，意为“上学”。]‎ ‎3.A.lacked B.spotted C.possessed D.admired 答案　A　[每个人都认为“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked)天赋，故A项正确。]‎ ‎4.A.major B.project C.composition D.instrument 答案　D　[与妹妹相比，“我”更擅长“我”的乐器。]‎ ‎5.A.patience B.enthusiasm C.potential D.ambition 答案　C　[老师告诉父母说“我”很有潜能(potential)。A项意为“耐心”，B项意为“热情”，D项意为“抱负”，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎6.A.train B.examine C.correct D.challenge 答案　A　[参见上题解析。A项意为“培训，教育”；B项意为“检查”；C项意为“改正”；D项意为“挑战”。]‎ ‎7.A.punctual B.skillful C.occupied D.available 答案　D　[根据语境可知，钢琴老师只有每周六下午三点有空。D项意为“有空的”，符合语境，故D项正确。]‎ ‎8.A.sensitive B.crazy C.serious D.particular 答案　B　[根据本句中的“about the British TV show”可判断，“我”热衷于一档英国电视节目。be crazy about为固定搭配，意为“热衷于”，故B项正确。]‎ ‎9.A.filmed B.designed C.aired D.commented 答案　C　[air在本句中意为“播出，播送”，属于熟词生义，故C项正确。A项意为“拍电影”，B项意为“设计”，D项意为“评论”。]‎ ‎10.A.jumped at B.turned down C.waited for D.opened up 答案　B　[“我”拒绝了这一机会。B项意为“拒绝”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“迫不及待地接受”，C项意为“等待，等候”，D项意为“打开”，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎11.A.tutor B.violin C.musician D.piano 答案　D　[由于“我”拒绝了学钢琴，所以现在家里甚至一台钢琴也没有，故D项正确。]‎ ‎12.A.never B.once C.already D.even 答案　A　[根据空后两句可知，“我”妹妹在四十几岁时上大学学习音乐；据此可知，尽管“我”妹妹成了一名工程师，但是她从未(never)停止对音乐的追求，故A项正确。]‎ ‎13.A.attitude B.career C.plan D.position 答案　B　[根据下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十几岁时，她改变了职业(career)，从工程师成为一名音乐老师，故B项正确。A项意为“态度”，C项意为“计划”，D项意为“地位”，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎14.A.scholarship B.sponsor C.degree D.assistant 答案　C　[根据句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大学学习音乐，并取得了音乐教育的学位(degree)，成了一名音乐老师。A项意为“奖学金”，B项意为“赞助人”，D项意为“助手”，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎15.A.provided B.imagined C.received D.expected 答案　C　[妹妹做音乐老师时，给了孩子们她未曾得到(received)的鼓励和支持。A项意为“提供”，B项意为“想象”，D项意为“期望”，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎16.A.voted B.feared C.stayed up D.turned up 答案　D　[根据上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位钢琴家举办了一场演奏会；据此可以判断，朋友和家人们都到场了。A项意为“投票”，B项意为“担心，害怕”，C项意为“熬夜”，D项意为“到达，露面”。]‎ ‎17.A.students B.audience C.spotlights D.platform 答案　B　[根据下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐；据此可知，“我”环顾了四周的观众(audience)，故B项正确。A项意为“学生”，C项意为“聚光灯”，D项意为“平台，讲台”。]‎ ‎18.A.obviously B.desperately C.appropriately D.anxiously 答案　A　[根据本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很显然(obviously)，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐。B项意为“极其”，C项意为“恰当地”，D项意为“不安地”，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎19.A.booming B.pleasing C.awful D.powerful 答案　C　[根据上文的“How did she sound？Terrible”可知，七岁时，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C项正确。]‎ ‎20.A.everything B.something C.everybody D.somebody 答案　A　[根据本句中的“and knew how far she had come，despite”并结合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七岁时演奏小提琴的糟糕的声音，只有“我”知道她不顾一切(everything)走了多远。]‎