2020届外研版高考英语新一轮作文复习：第一编写对句

2020届外研版高考英语新一轮作文复习：第一编写对句

如果一篇文章中有较多的语法错误，即使词汇再亮、句式再高，也只能是欲盖弥彰、难掩其丑，将直接被打入低分“冷宫”。“欲想得高分，先保基本分”。所以，我们先从写对句子学起。‎ 第一讲 正确使用5种基本句型 基本句型(一)　简约却不简单的“主谓”结构 ‎(一)主谓结构中谓语常用来表示主语的动作或状态。这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。但不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：arrive, come, lie, shine, live, walk, fall, rise, happen, exist, ride, occur, agree, write等。‎ 它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vi.)(＋状语)‎ ‎①The_sun was shining.太阳在照耀着。‎ ‎②He usually swims at weekends.他经常在周末游泳。‎ ‎③ am writing to give my thanks to you.‎ 我写信向你表示感谢。‎ ‎④In the environment, teachers_and_students are living happily and working hard.‎ 在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。‎ ‎[应用体验1]　翻译句子(主语＋不及物动词)‎ ‎①他从早到晚地努力工作。‎ He_works_hard_from_morning_till_night.‎ ‎②接下来的几周，我们的友谊发展地很快。‎ Our_friendship_developed_fast_over_the_following_weeks.‎ ‎③本周五晚自习之后我们将于8：00在学生俱乐部集合。‎ We'll_gather_at_the_Students'_Club_at_8：00_p．m.this_Friday,_after_the_evening_classes.‎ ‎④我们同意周末帮老人做一些家务活。‎ We_agree_to_help_the_old_people_do_some_housework_at_weekends.‎ ‎⑤昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。‎ I_happened_to_meet_a_friend_of_mine_in_the_street_yesterday.‎ ‎(二)谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语，如come up (被提出), run out (用完), get by ‎ (勉强生存), come out (出版), break down (抛锚；出故障), drop by (顺便拜访), pass out (晕倒)等。‎ ‎①Many_good_approaches_to_vocabulary_learning came up at Global Education Summit.‎ 许多好的词汇学习方法在全球教育峰会上被提了出来。‎ ‎②You can get by with existing vocabulary, but try to improve it if you want to get good marks.你现有的词汇勉强能用，但如果想要取得高分你还是要扩充词汇量。‎ ‎③His_computer broke down when he was doing his homework.‎ 他做作业时，电脑突然坏掉了。‎ ‎[注意]　不及物动词或短语后不能接宾语，要特别注意英汉表达的差异。‎ 他家昨晚发生了一场火灾。‎ ‎①His home broke out a fire last night.(×)‎ ‎②A fire broke out in his home last night.(√)‎ ‎[应用体验2]　翻译句子(主语＋不及物动词短语)‎ ‎①自2010年以来成都发生了很大变化。‎ Great_changes_have_taken_place_in_Chengdu_since_2010.‎ ‎②第二天，我们一早就出发了。‎ The_next_day,_we_set_off_early_in_the_morning.‎ ‎③每当讨论英语学习方法时，他的名字总会被提到。‎ His_name_came_up_whenever_the_matter_of_English_learning_methods_was_discussed.‎ ‎④爱护环境很重要，因为地球的自然资源将会枯竭。‎ Caring_for_the_environment_is_very_important_as_the_earth's_natural_resources_will_run_out.‎ ‎⑤实际上，在国外旅行时，人们凭借少许的当地用语便能勉强对付过去。‎ Actually,_people_can_get_by_with_a_few_local_expressions_when_traveling_to_a_foreign_country.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 翻译句子(“主语＋谓语”结构)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部英文短片将于下午2点在学校大厅开始放映。‎ The_English_short_film_will_start_in_the_school_hall_at_2：00_p．m.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我写信是想告诉你下一节汉语课的事。‎ I_am_writing_to_tell_you_about_your_next_Chinese_lesson.‎ ‎3．(2016·四川高考书面表达)并且我也可以在外面玩！‎ And_I_can_play_outside_too!‎ ‎4．(2015·北京高考书面表达)我们站在他周围，专心地看着。‎ We_stood_around_him_and_watched_attentively.‎ ‎5．他的新小说什么时候出版？‎ When_will_his_new_novel_come_out?‎ 基本句型(二)　众人青睐的“主谓宾”结构 ‎“主谓宾”句型之所以受到中国英语学习者的青睐，是因为它跟我们的思维方式最接近，因而这个句型也是同学们在写作中运用最多的。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语(＋状语)‎ ‎(一)该句型中的谓语是及物动词，如respect, admire, ignore, provide, upset, appreciate等。其后可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或从句等作宾语。‎ ‎①All_of_us respect our English teacher very much.‎ 我们都非常尊敬我们的英语老师。‎ ‎②You cannot ignore your friends for long.‎ 你不能长久地忽视你的朋友们。‎ ‎③A_true_friend will provide support when we are in trouble.‎ 当我们面临困难时，一个真正的朋友会给我们提供支持。‎ ‎④ do appreciate your timely help.‎ 我特别感谢你的及时帮助。‎ 在写作中，同学们比较擅长使用主动语态。如果能灵活使用被动语态，会给句子添彩不少。例如：‎ ‎①To broaden vocabulary, we should read more native materials.‎ ‎→To broaden vocabulary, more native materials should be read.‎ ‎②I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.‎ ‎→I am not sure whether the college graduates can get employed after graduation.‎ ‎[应用体验1]　翻译句子(主语＋及物动词＋宾语)‎ ‎①我们都拥有相同的机会。‎ We_all_possess_the_same_chance.‎ ‎②上周末我们班组织了一次社会实践活动。‎ Last_weekend_our_class_organized_a_social_practice_activity.‎ ‎③只有观众才能决定谁是胜利者。‎ Only_viewers_can_decide_who_the_winner_is.‎ ‎④我不知道如何处理这些旧杂志。‎ I_don't_know_how_to_deal_with_these_old_magazines.‎ ‎⑤我不能用英语表达自己。‎ I_can't_express_myself_in_English.‎ ‎(二)谓语动词也可以是及物的动词短语，如go through (经历), stand for (代表，象征), get on well with (与……相处融洽), look forward to (盼望), come across (碰到)等等。‎ ‎①True_friends go through all the hardships of life together.‎ 真正的朋友一起渡过生活中的一切难关。‎ ‎②Sometimes difficulties stand for a special kind of chance for us to make progress.‎ 有时候困难象征着一种能让我们进步的机遇。‎ ‎③We have to get on well with different personalities.‎ 我们要和不同性格的人融洽相处。‎ ‎④In the valley we came across a group of Mexicans.‎ 在山谷里我们遇到了一群墨西哥人。‎ ‎ [注意]‎ ‎1．在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能接在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。‎ ‎①Please wake Li Ling up (＝wake up Li Ling) at six thirty in the morning.(√)‎ ‎②Please wake her up at six thirty in the morning.(√)‎ ‎③Please wake up her at six thirty in the morning.(×)‎ ‎2．有些“主谓宾结构”的句子虽然短小，但表达的含义更精确，语言更地道。写作中并不一定句子越长越好。‎ I could not say any word.‎ ‎→Words failed me.(单词虽然少，句子更精悍)‎ ‎[应用体验2]　翻译句子(主语＋及物动词短语＋宾语)‎ ‎①在朋友们的支持下，Peter度过了生命中的艰难时光。‎ Peter_went_through_hard_times_in_life_with_the_support_of_his_friends.‎ ‎②在学校里，他与同学们相处融洽。‎ He_gets_along_well_with_his_classmates_at_school.‎ ‎③他没有敲门就闯进了我的房间。‎ He_broke_into_my_room_without_knocking_at_the_door.‎ ‎④昨天在商场，我遇到了我的好朋友大卫。‎ I_came_across_my_best_friend_David_in_the_shopping_mall_yesterday.‎ ‎⑤牛仔(cowboy)代表了一种简单而且自由的生活方式。‎ Cowboys_stand_for_a_simple_and_free_way_of_life.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 翻译句子(“主谓宾”结构)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我相信你会玩得很开心。‎ I_have_the_confidence_that_you_will_have_a_good_time.‎ ‎2．(2018·11月浙江高考写作)在2018年11月2号，我乘坐FL753航班抵达伦敦。‎ I_took_FL753_to_London_on_November_2,_2018.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我们学校的乒乓球队现在正在招收新队员。‎ The_Table_Tennis_Team_of_our_school_is_looking_for_new_players_right_now.‎ ‎4．(2017·北京高考书面表达)我们讨论了该把什么放进视频中。‎ We_debated_over_what_to_put_into_the_video.‎ ‎5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)通过做兼职工作，我能得到一些宝贵的经验。‎ By_doing_the_parttime_job_I_can_get_some_precious_experience.‎ 基本句型(三)　独一无二的“主系表”结构 汉语没有表语这一说法，这样就显得英语的“主系表”结构比较有个性了，因此我们说此结构是独一无二的，主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。它的基本结构是：主语＋系动词＋表语 ‎1．这种句型无被动语态，也无进行时态。谓语动词需用系动词，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语或非谓语动词形式等。‎ 常见的系动词有be，还有感官系动词(sound, look, smell, taste, feel)；变化系动词(become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run)；持续系动词(remain, keep, hold, stay)；表象系动词(seem, appear, look)等。‎ ‎①This is an EnglishChinese dictionary.‎ 这是一本英汉词典。‎ ‎②Everything looks different.‎ 一切看起来都不同。‎ ‎③Now we feel released and very energetic in class.‎ 现在我们在课堂上感到轻松，精力充沛。‎ ‎2．同一个单词的不同词性作表语时，所表达的意义是不同的，这也是学生写作时常犯错误之一。‎ ‎①Learning_English is hard.(形容词作表语)(√)‎ ‎②Learning_English is a hardship.(抽象名词具体化)(√)‎ ‎③Learning English is hardship.(×)‎ ‎3．在主系表结构中要注意英汉表达的差异，避免中式英语。‎ 如：这件外套很贵。‎ ‎①The price of the coat is very expensive.(×)‎ ‎②The_coat is very expensive.(√)‎ ‎③The_price_of_the_coat is very high.(√)‎ 表示价格的词price只能用“高”或“低”，即high或low来修饰，而不能像汉语一样用“贵”或“贱”来形容。‎ ‎[注意]‎ ‎(1)population是不可数名词，说“人口多或少”要用large或small (比较级larger或smaller), 不能受汉语的影响，用many或few(比较级more或fewer)来修饰。‎ 如：上海的人口比北京的人口多。‎ ‎①The population of Shanghai is more than that of Beijing.(×)‎ ‎②The_population_of_Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.(√)‎ ‎(2)convenient不可用人作主语，要用物作主语或用it作形式主语，常用的结构是：sth.be convenient to sb./It's convenient to sb./It's convenient to do sth.‎ 如：我方便时来看你。‎ ‎①I will see you if I am convenient.(×)‎ ‎②I will see you if it is convenient to me.(√)‎ ‎[应用体验]‎ ‎(一)选词填空/补全句子(注意使用动词的正确形式)‎ ‎1．We do morning exercises to keep (keep, turn, become) healthy.‎ ‎2．Put the meat in the refrigerator.It goes (go, get, turn, become) bad easily.‎ ‎3．What he said sounded (sound, look, smell, taste) reasonable.‎ ‎4．The apple tastes (tastes, is tasted) sweet.‎ ‎5．They work day and night to make their dream come_true (实现)．‎ ‎6．Please keep_quiet/silent (保持安静). The baby has fallen_asleep (睡着)．‎ ‎(二)根据首字母和语境，写出符合句子意思的系动词 ‎1．You look tired.You should go to bed.‎ ‎2．I know it may sound strange to you, but I've decided to be a farmer.‎ ‎3．With the right colors, a small room may appear much bigger.‎ ‎4．Mary hid the truth from her husband and she felt a bit guilty.‎ ‎5．Dad will go crazy when he hears that I quit my job.‎ ‎6．Please remain seated until all the lights are on.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 补全句子(“主系表”结构)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)最重要的是，你应该注意餐桌礼仪。‎ Most importantly, it's_vital_that_you_should_mind_your_table_manners.‎ ‎2．(2018·北京高考书面表达)收到你的来信知道你要来北京，我很高兴。‎ I'm_happy_to_receive_your_letter and know you're coming to Beijing.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)唐诗是我们下一节课将要学习的内容。‎ Tang_Poetry_is_what_we_are_going_to_learn_the_next_class.‎ ‎4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这确实是让更多的人观看它们的一次好机会。‎ This_is_surely_a_good_chance for more people to see them.‎ ‎5．(2016·北京高考书面表达)收到你的来信真是太棒了！知道你对中国历史感兴趣，我很自豪。‎ It's great to hear from you! I feel_proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.‎ ‎6．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。‎ The_“Foreign_Cultures”_section_in_our_newspaper_is_very_popular among us students.‎ ‎7．那天他感到很郁闷。‎ He felt_depressed/upset_that_day.‎ ‎8．这个计划证明是可行的。‎ The plan turned_out/proved_(to_be)_practical.‎ 基本句型(四)　一拖二的“主谓宾宾”结构 ‎“主谓宾宾”这类句型在写作中常常用到，具有独特的魅力。与单个的及物动词跟一个宾语结构相比，双宾语结构的独特之处在于一个动词与两个名词短语相互作用。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语 ‎(一)间接宾语一般位于直接宾语的前面，如果间接宾语在直接宾语的后面，那么中间需要加上一个介词。可用介词to来变换间接宾语的动词：give, offer, hand, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend, write等。(如：give sb.sth.＝give sth.to sb.)‎ ‎①However busy he is, he writes me an email every week.‎ ‎＝However busy he is, he writes an email to me every week.‎ 不管他多忙，他每周都会给我写一封电子邮件。‎ ‎②Mr_Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.‎ ‎＝Mr Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.‎ 史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。‎ ‎③This_competition offered us a chance to learn about Chinese culture.‎ ‎＝This competition offered a chance to learn about Chinese culture to us.‎ 这个比赛给我们提供了一个了解中国文化的机会。‎ ‎④ have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.‎ ‎＝I have to pay 20 pounds to them for this room each month.‎ 我每个月要付20英镑的房租给他们。‎ ‎[应用体验1]　翻译句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)‎ ‎①他给这位英雄写了一封求助信。‎ He_wrote_the_hero_a_letter_for_help.‎ ‎②你能把那本书借给我吗？‎ Can_you_lend_me_that_book?‎ ‎③她向我们提供了大量的食物和水。‎ She_offers_us_plenty_of_food_and_water.‎ ‎④他们定期给我们发来邮件。‎ They_send_us_regular_email.‎ ‎⑤在我很小的时候，妈妈经常给我讲故事。‎ When_I_was_a_child,_my_mother_always_told_me_stories.‎ ‎(二)可用介词for来变换间接宾语的动词：make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。(如：make sb.sth.＝make sth.for sb.)‎ ‎①He bought me a bicycle.‎ ‎＝He bought a bicycle for me.‎ 他给我买了一辆自行车。‎ ‎②Can you get me some stamps?‎ ‎＝Can you get some stamps for me?‎ 你能帮我拿些邮票吗？‎ ‎③Please find me an apartment.‎ ‎＝Please find an apartment for me.‎ 请帮我找一套公寓。‎ ‎④The_new_regulation_about_limiting_the_number_of_cars_on_road can spare travelers a lot of time.‎ ‎＝The new regulation about limiting the number of cars on road can spare a lot of time for travelers.‎ 这项关于限制马路上汽车数量的法规能够为旅行者们节约很多时间。‎ ‎[注意]　ask, answer, take, cost等，这一类动词无法改变结构形式。‎ May ask you a question？我可以问你一个问题吗？‎ ‎[应用体验2]　翻译句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)‎ ‎①你能给我腾点时间吗？‎ Can_you_spare_me_some_time?‎ ‎②她给自己订购了一条裙子。‎ She_ordered_herself_a_dress.‎ ‎③他给他的母亲请了一个医生。‎ He_fetched_his_mother_a_doctor.‎ ‎④我妈妈给我做了顿大餐来庆祝我的胜利。‎ My_mom_cooked_me_a_big_meal_to_celebrate_my_victory.‎ ‎⑤我要为你唱首生日歌。‎ I_will_sing_you_a_birthday_song.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 翻译句子/补全句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)希望我能提供给你一些有用的建议。‎ Hopefully,_I_can_offer_you_some_helpful_suggestions.‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考书面表达)那确实给了我们一种极大的成就感。‎ That_surely_gave_us_a_great_sense_of_achievement.‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我记得你来我们学校访问时，你给我展示了一些关于环保的照片。‎ I remember you_showed_me_some_photos_on_environmental_protection when you visited our school.‎ ‎4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)对于周五下午不能和你一起去书店的事情，我应向你道歉。‎ I owe_you_an_apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.‎ ‎5．(2016·北京高考书面表达)想要了解更多？请告诉我，我可以给你提供一些书籍。‎ Interested in knowing more? I_can_find_you_some_books. Just let me know.‎ ‎6．(2016·天津高考书面表达)现在，我代表全校同学，祝你们回国旅途愉快。‎ Now,_on_behalf_of_my_schoolmates,_I_wish_you_a_pleasant_trip_back_to_your_country.‎ 基本句型(五)　缺一不可的“主谓宾补”结构 ‎“主谓宾补”句式结构中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。写作时应熟练掌握“名词作宾语补足语”这种高级表达形式。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎1．常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, elect, make, appoint, leave, consider, keep, wish等。‎ ‎①Her_parents died and left her an orphan.‎ 她父母双亡，使她成了孤儿。‎ ‎②We_all call him a living dictionary.‎ 我们都叫他“活字典”。‎ ‎2．常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, wish, consider, prove, leave, paint, drive等。‎ ‎①He didn't consider himself (to be) important.‎ 他并不认为自己重要。‎ ‎②You had better keep the door open, because it is hot in the room.‎ 你最好把门开着，屋里实在太热了。‎ ‎3．常用现在分词和省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词有：see, notice, hear, watch, observe, leave等。‎ ‎①He left me waiting in the rain.他让我在雨中等。‎ ‎②Did you see him go out？你看到他出去了吗？‎ ‎4．常用to do作宾补的及物动词有：advise, ask, command, encourage, forbid, permit, persuade, get等。‎ Our_maths_teacher always encourages us to work out the questions by ourselves instead of being told the answers.‎ 我们的数学老师经常鼓励我们自己解决问题而不是等着老师把答案告诉我们。‎ ‎5．常用副词、介词短语等作宾补的及物动词有：leave, put等。‎ You can't leave your friend in trouble.‎ 你不能把你朋友置于困境而不顾。‎ ‎6．有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型，即“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”。常见的动词有：think, find, consider, feel, make等。‎ The_student has made it a rule to read English magazines every day.‎ 这个学生已经养成了每天读英文杂志的习惯。‎ ‎[注意]　同学们在写作时切忌好高骛远，在没有把握基本的简单句的情况下，不要轻易尝试很复杂的句子。要从自己可以掌控的东西出发，先学会把自己的思想表达成为得体的简单句，进而对之进行再加工、转换，方能创作出漂亮的作文。‎ ‎[应用体验]　翻译句子(“主谓宾补”结构)‎ ‎①我看到他进入了大厅。‎ I_saw_him_enter_the_hall.‎ ‎②这种发展应该使得人们越来越幸福。‎ The_development_should_make_its_people_happier_and_happier.‎ ‎③每天早上我们都能听到他在大声朗读英语。‎ Every_morning_we_hear_him_reading_English_aloud.‎ ‎④我宁愿你不要改变计划。‎ I_would_prefer_you_not_to_change_your_plan.‎ ‎⑤你会发现英语是通向知识海洋的桥梁。‎ You_will_find_English_a_bridge_to_the_ocean_of_knowledge.‎ ‎⑥我们选他为我们班的班长。‎ We_elected_him_monitor_in_our_class.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 翻译句子(“主谓宾补”结构)‎ ‎1．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)作为一名高中生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。‎ As_a_high_school_student,_I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我认为与你一起学习唐诗很开心。‎ I_think_it_great_fun_to_learn_the_poems_written_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_with_you.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我想让你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。‎ I_would_like_you_to_join_our_school's_table_tennis_team.‎ ‎4．(2016·北京高考书面表达)事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语。‎ In_fact,_he_inspires_me_to_major_in_English_in_college.‎ ‎5．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)另外，网络使调研和选举容易又方便，不用顾及时间和空间。‎ In_addition,_the_Internet_makes_surveying_and_voting_easy_and_convenient,_regardless_of_time_and_space.‎ ‎6．(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)你的投稿将会使这次活动获得巨大成功。‎ Your_contribution_will_certainly_make_the_event_a_huge_success.‎ ‎7．我认为写英文日记很有用。‎ I_think_it_useful_to_keep_an_English_diary.‎ ‎8．它会帮助你理解谚语“熟能生巧”。‎ It_will_help_you_understand_the_proverb_“Practice_makes_perfect”．‎ ‎第二讲 正确使用并列句与复合句 增分句型(一)　独立又相依的并列句 并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系，通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。它的基本模式是：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句 ‎(一)常见并列句的类型及并列连词 类型 连词 并列关系(递进关系)‎ and, when, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ..., neither ...nor ...‎ 转折关系 but, yet, whereas, however 选择关系 or, otherwise, or else, either ...or ..., not ...but ...‎ 因果关系 because, as, for, so, therefore, thus, due to 对比关系 while ‎①Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports stars.‎ 一半的女孩选择电影和电视明星作为她们的偶像，而48%的男孩更喜欢体育明星。‎ ‎②(2018·北京高考书面表达)You may have trouble in adjusting yourself to the life in Beijing, so I suggest that you make full preparations in advance.你可能在适应北京生活方面有困难，因此我建议你提前做好充分准备。‎ ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Not only will all kinds of papercutting works created by famous artists of this field be on show that day, but a lot of useful and interesting activities will be held as well.‎ 那天不仅会有这一领域的著名艺术家所创作的各种剪纸作品展出，而且还会举办许多有用且有趣的活动。‎ ‎④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)If you're interested in it, either you may send an email to 12345@sina.com or you can sign up in person.如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至12345@sina.com或亲自报名。‎ ‎⑤(2017·北京高考书面表达)Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.‎ 一些妥协是不可避免的，但视频结果是完美的。‎ ‎⑥(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I know you take good pictures and you've always wanted to do something for environmental protection.‎ 我知道你拍照好，并且你总是想着为环境保护做些事情。‎ ‎(二)使用并列句的注意事项 ‎1．not only ...but also ...在连接两个并列分句时，如果not only置于句首，not only所在的分句需用部分倒装语序。‎ ‎①(2018·浙江高考写作)Firstly, not only can I speak fluent English, but also I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.首先，我不仅能说一口流利的英语，而且和外国人交流也毫无困难。‎ ‎②Not only do they offer us joy and excitement, but they also encourage us to think critically.他们不仅提供给了我们喜悦和兴奋，还鼓励我们批判性思考。‎ ‎2．表示“虽然……但是……”这一转折关系时，连接词but不能与though/although连用。‎ 虽然我当时很累，但是我感到非常幸福。‎ ‎①Although I was very tired then but I felt very happy.(×)‎ ‎②Although I was very tired then, I felt very happy.(√)‎ ‎③I was very tired then but I felt very happy.(√)‎ ‎3．表示因果关系的连词so不与because, as等表示原因的连词连用。‎ 因为他生病，所以他那天没去上学。‎ ‎①Because/As he was ill so he didn't go to school that day.(×)‎ ‎②Because/As he was ill, he didn't go to school that day.(√)‎ ‎③He was ill so he didn't go to school that day.(√)‎ ‎[应用体验]　用适当的并列连词填空 ‎①(2018·北京高考书面表达)First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.‎ ‎②(2018·天津高考书面表达)I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.‎ ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I'm sure that it will interest you, for you have been enthusiastic about pingpong.Therefore,_I'd like to invite you to join the team.‎ ‎④(2015·陕西高考书面表达)First, my English is very good and I'm openminded and warmhearted, so I'm getting along well with everyone.‎ ‎⑤Give me a chance and I will give you a wonderful surprise.‎ ‎⑥The young man wanted to help the dog, but as he approached, the dog started to bark.‎ ‎⑦Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?‎ ‎⑧I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.‎ ‎⑨Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them.‎ ‎⑩It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 补全句子 ‎1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)虽然外国学生在我们学校学习了很长时间，但他们不知道如何沏茶。‎ Though/Although_the_foreign_students_have_studied_in_our_school for a long time, they don't know how to make tea.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这次展览不仅可以帮助你更好地了解中国民间艺术作品，而且也可以帮助你获得一些剪纸技巧。‎ The exhibition can_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_understanding_of Chinese folk art works, but_can_also_help_you_acquire some papercutting skills.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)别犹豫，如果你有什么问题就问我。‎ Don't_hesitate_and_ask_me if you have any questions.‎ ‎4．(2017·江苏高考书面表达)票价正在上涨。因此，电影业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。‎ The ticket price is on the increase. Therefore,_the_film_industry_should_make_greater efforts_to_attract more viewers.‎ ‎5．虽然她是一位普通妇女但是确实值得尊敬。‎ She is an ordinary woman but_she_is_really_worth_respecting.‎ ‎6．因此，从现在起，让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间，而要经常与我们的父母进行推心置腹的谈话。‎ So, from now on, let's not_waste_our_time_on_unimportant_things_but have a hearttoheart chat with our parents once in a while.‎ ‎7．上课时要认真听老师讲课，否则你听不懂他在说什么。‎ Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or_you_can't_catch_what_he_is_saying.‎ ‎8．她正走在大街上，这时她听到有人叫她。‎ She was_walking_along_the_street_when she heard someone calling her.‎ 增分句型(二)　吸引眼球的定语从句 定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。‎ ‎(一)定语从句的类型 ‎1．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which,‎ ‎ as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。‎ ‎①(2018·北京高考书面表达)Last week, we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.上周，我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化，结果证明非常值得。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Secondly, you will make some good friends who are also interested in playing table tennis.第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。‎ ‎③As you see, the Chinese people are hardworking.‎ 你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。‎ ‎2．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。‎ ‎①(2018·北京高考书面表达)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture.‎ 它的中国文学专业对你来说是适合的，在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化中。‎ ‎②(2014·安徽高考书面表达)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.‎ 我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。‎ ‎3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 ‎(2017·北京高考书面表达)Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.‎ 搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。‎ ‎(二)定语从句的写法 定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：‎ ‎[示例]‎ 第一步：写出两个简单句。‎ ‎①The foreigner is from Canada.‎ ‎②He visited our class yesterday.‎ 第二步：在句①中找出一处要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。‎ 第三步：用句②充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。‎ The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.‎ ‎[应用体验]　用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句 ‎①I have a friend.Her father is an engineer.‎ ‎→I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.‎ ‎②I will go on a trip to Sichuan.There are a great number of places of interest in Sichuan.‎ ‎→I_will_go_on_a_trip_to_Sichuan,_where_there_are_a_great_number_of_places_of_interest.‎ ‎③This is the best method.It can be used against pollution.‎ ‎→This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.‎ ‎④I've always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then.‎ ‎→I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.‎ ‎⑤Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers.Two of them influenced me greatly.‎ ‎→Through_the_course_of_my_schooling,_I_met_many_teachers,_two_of_whom_influenced_me_greatly.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 用定语从句补全句子 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们都知道，《一起成长》这部优秀的英文短片看起来很有趣。‎ As_we_all_know,_the outstanding English short film, Growing Together, is interesting to watch.‎ ‎2．(2018·浙江高考写作)我想申请这个职位的原因是我想提高我的英语口语水平，并且帮助外国中学生更好地了解中国文化。‎ The_reason_why_I_want_to_apply_for_the_position_is_that I want to improve my spoken English and help foreign students have a better understanding of Chinese culture.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我们将学习唐朝时期写的一些中国诗歌。‎ We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which_were_written_in_the_Tang_Dynasty.‎ ‎4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)六月的最后一个周日怎么样？那时考试已经结束，我们都有时间。‎ How about the last Sunday of June, when_the_examination_is_over_and_we_are_free?‎ ‎5．(2016·四川高考书面表达)一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。‎ There are four seasons in a year, each_of_which_has_distinctive_features.‎ ‎6．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)作为一名外向的学生，我善于同其他人交流，这使我对这个职位感到自信。‎ As an outgoing student, I am good at communicating with others, which_makes_me_feel_confident_about_this_position.‎ 增分句型(三)　富有文采的状语从句 状语从句主要包括时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式九类从句。‎ ‎1．时间状语从句 常用when (当……时), as (当……时), while (在……过程中), before (在……之前), after (在……之后), since (自从……以来), till/until (直到……), by the time (that)(到……时候), as soon as/the moment/no sooner ...than/hardly ...when (一……就……)等连词引导。如：‎ ‎①(2018·北京高考书面表达)I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it's my pleasure to show you around Beijing when that day comes.我真诚地希望你的梦想成真，到那时我会很高兴带你参观北京。‎ ‎②The moment (that) the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.老师一进来，学生们立即停止了谈话。‎ ‎2．地点状语从句 常用where (在……地方), wherever (无论何地), anywhere (在任何地方), everywhere (到处)等连词引导。如：‎ Make a mark where you have questions.‎ 在有疑问的地方做个记号。‎ ‎3．原因状语从句 常用because (因为), as (因为), since (既然), now that (既然), seeing (that)(由于), considering (that)(考虑到……)等连词引导。如：‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)As for me, I'm keen on basketball as it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life.就我而言，我对篮球很感兴趣，因为它一直给我力量去面对生活中的挑战。‎ ‎4．条件状语从句 常由if (假如), unless (除非), as (so) long as (只要), on condition that (在……条件下), suppose/supposing (假如)等连词引导。如：‎ ‎(2018·北京高考书面表达)If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.‎ 如果你还有其他问题，请随时告诉我。‎ ‎5．目的状语从句 常用so that/in order that (以便), in case (以免)等连词引导。如：‎ ‎①(2018·北京高考书面表达)I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail in order that they could better understand it.我对茶的传统制作过程作了详细的说明以便于他们更好地理解它。‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books.我们可以早点出发，这样我们将有更多的时间来阅读和选书。‎ ‎6．结果状语从句 用so that (结果), so ...that/such ...that (如此……以至于……)等连词引导。如：‎ ‎(2016·天津高考书面表达)You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.你们如此善良、体贴，以至于我们希望成为你们的朋友，无论你们在哪儿。‎ ‎7．让步状语从句 常用though/although (虽然), even if/though (即使), no matter (what/who/how ...)(无论什么/无论谁/无论如何……)等连词引导。如：‎ The moral of it is to remind people not to give up easily, no matter what difficulty they meet.它的寓意是提醒人们：无论遇到什么困难，都不要轻言放弃。‎ ‎8．比较状语从句 常用as ...as ...(和……一样……), not so/as ...as ...(不比……)，more ...than ...(比……更……)等连词引导。如：‎ I really hope you can overcome these difficulties as quickly as you can.我的确希望你能尽快地克服这些困难。‎ ‎9．方式状语从句 常用as (如……，像……), as if/though (似乎，好像)等连词引导。如：‎ ‎①The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.‎ 这位老人跑得很快，就好像他是一个年轻人。‎ ‎②In the following exams, we did as what we had promised.‎ 在接下来的考试中，我们按照我们承诺的去做了。‎ ‎[应用体验]　根据提示用状语从句补全句子 ‎①只要我们有强大的信念，就能够克服任何困难。(as long as)‎ As_long_as_we_have_a_strong_will,_we'll be able to get over any difficulty.‎ ‎②他在公司努力工作，以便于能得到提升。(so that)‎ He worked hard in his firm, so_that_he_could_get_promoted.‎ ‎③尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。(though/although/while)‎ Though/Although/While_regular_exercise_is_very_important,_it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.‎ ‎④如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。(if)‎ If_we_go_on_polluting_the_environment,_the earth won't be fit for us to live in.‎ ‎⑤无论我做什么，我都会尽全力做好。(no matter what)‎ No_matter_what_I_do,_I will try my best to do it well.‎ ‎⑥既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。(now that)‎ Now_that_you_have_got_a_job,_you should learn to be independent of your parents.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 用状语从句补全句子 ‎1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)我们对比赛如此感兴趣，以至于我们组成了一个小组参加比赛。‎ We were so_interested_in_the_competition_that_we_formed a group to take part in it.‎ ‎2．(2018·天津高考书面表达)无论谁获得机器人技能竞赛的第一名都会被授予金牌。‎ The gold medal will be awarded to whoever_wins_the_first_place_in the_Robotics_Competition.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)由于天气越来越热，在室内学习是个好主意。‎ As_the_weather_is_getting_hotter_and_hotter,_it is a good idea to study indoors.‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请发邮件给我。‎ If_you're_interested_in_the_Chinese_folk_art,_please email me.‎ ‎5．(2017·天津高考书面表达)虽然这些天我在埋头读书，但为了提高自己，我仍然参加了几个学生俱乐部。‎ Though/Although_(I_am)_buried_in_books_these_days,_I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.‎ ‎6．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)当人们被要求做他们不想做的事情时，他们可能感到被强迫。‎ People may feel forced when_asked_to_do_things_that_they_don't_want_to.‎ ‎7．(2015·北京高考书面表达)这是如此激动人心的一次活动，以至于我们都玩得非常愉快。‎ It was such_an_exciting_activity_that we all enjoyed ourselves very much.‎ ‎8．(2015·四川高考书面表达)每天晚上，我们可以通过视频聊天相互联系，用英语聊半个小时，再用汉语聊半个小时，以提高我们的口语。‎ We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so_that_we_can_improve_our_oral_speaking.‎ 增分句型(四)　灵活好用的名词性从句 名词性从句是高中阶段重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达方式。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ ‎(一)名词性从句的连接词 ‎1．从属连词引导的名词性从句 名词性从句的从属连词在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，主要包括that, whether/if。‎ ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)What I want to stress is that you'd better bring some gifts.‎ 我想强调的是你最好带一些礼物。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Would you tell me if/whether it's convenient for you？你能告诉我你是否方便吗？‎ ‎2．连接代词引导的名词性从句 名词性从句的连接代词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语，主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等。‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10：00 a．m.next Friday.‎ 首先，我想强调的是下周五上午十点钟我们将在教学楼的8号教室开始我们的下节课。‎ ‎3．连接副词引导的名词性从句 名词性从句的连接副词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语，主要包括how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever等。‎ ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)When you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food，which is where you should pay attention.‎ 当你享受这顿饭的时候，你需要避免咀嚼食物时发出声音，这是你应该注意的地方。‎ ‎②(2018·北京高考书面表达)Then I showed them how to make tea.然后我展示给他们怎样泡茶。‎ ‎(二)名词性从句的写法 在写作中，如果能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。‎ 名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”：‎ ‎[示例]‎ 第一步：写出两个简单句。‎ ‎①He said a lot at the meeting.‎ ‎②His words were very attractive.‎ 第二步：用句①作主语从句，可转换为“他在会上所说的话”，即What he said at the meeting。‎ 第三步：把句①转换的主语从句和句②连在一起。‎ What he said at the meeting was very attractive.‎ ‎[应用体验]　用名词性从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句 ‎①Shall we go picnicking tomorrow? It depends on the weather.‎ ‎→Whether_we_shall_go_picnicking_tomorrow_depends_on_the_weather.‎ ‎②This is my decision.All of us are to start at 7：00 o'clock tomorrow morning.‎ ‎→My_decision_is_that_all_of_us_are_to_start_at_7：00_o'clock_tomorrow_morning.‎ ‎③When did you enter the room？The police wants to know it.‎ ‎→The_police_wants_to_know_when_you_entered_the_room.‎ ‎④Our school volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly.‎ ‎→The_news_that_our_school_volleyball_team_had_won_the_championship_encouraged_us_all_greatly.‎ ‎⑤Finally I want to express my hope.All the younger fellows can make full use of time.‎ ‎→Finally_I_want_to_express_my_hope_that_all_the_younger_fellows_can_make_full_use_of_time.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 用名词性从句补全句子 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)相信这是一个你不容错过的好机会。‎ It_is_believed_that_it_is_an_excellent_opportunity that you mustn't miss.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)然后消息传来我们学校将放映一部英文短片，它是一部关于我们学校历史的纪录片。‎ Then came the_news_that_an_English_short_film_will_be_shown_in_our_school,_which is a ‎ documentary on the history of our school.‎ ‎3．(2018·北京高考书面表达)这就是为什么我建议你申请北京大学，中国最好的大学之一。‎ That_is_why_I_suggest_you_apply_for Peking University, one of the best universities in China.‎ ‎4．(2017·北京高考书面表达)我确实希望我的建议能对你有些帮助，也希望你在中国玩得快乐。‎ I_do_hope_that_my_advice_will_be_of_some_help_to_you and that you'll have a good time in China.‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我想告诉你的是，中国剪纸艺术展将于下周举办。‎ What_I_want_to_tell_you_is_that the Chinese papercutting art exhibition will be held next week.‎ ‎6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)然而，我不确定措辞和格式是否正确。‎ However, I am not sure about whether_the_words_and_format_are_correct.‎ ‎7．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你要记住的最后一件重要的事情是在6月28日前把这篇文章发给我。‎ The last important thing you should remember is that_you_have_to_send_the_article_to_me_before_June_28th.‎ ‎8．根据以上情况我们可以得出结论：健康的身体有助于提高我们的生活质量。‎ From the above we_can_draw_a_conclusion_that_a_healthy_body_helps_to_improve the quality of our life.‎ 第三讲 There be句型与it基本句型 增分句型(一)　存在于四海八荒的“There be”句型 There be句型表示“存在；有”，应用十分广泛和频繁，同时也是考生在写作中易犯错误的一个句型，考生经常会按照汉语的思维习惯写英语句子，导致语法错误。它的基本结构是：There be (be可用各种时态)＋名词＋地点状语 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)There are some relevant details about the English short film to tell you.,‎ 有一些有关这部英文短片的相关细节要告诉你们。‎ ‎(一)There be句型的常见变式 ‎1．There＋情态动词＋be ...‎ Today is National Day.I think there should be many cars on freeway.今天是国庆节。我认为高速路上车辆应该很多。‎ ‎2．There be sb./sth.doing sth.(doing sth.为现在分词作后置定语)‎ ‎(2017·6月浙江高考写作)At eight on the morning of October 1, we are to gather at the gate of Orient Hotel, and there will be a minibus waiting for us.‎ 十月一日上午八点，我们将在东方宾馆门口集合，将有一辆小型公共汽车等着我们。‎ ‎3．There be sth.to do/to be done There is still much to discuss/to be discussed.We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting.‎ 还有许多事情要讨论。因此，我们将在下次会议上再次讨论这项内容。‎ ‎4．There stands/lies/exists/remains/lives/comes/goes ...‎ Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.‎ 从前，这座庙里住着一个老和尚。‎ ‎5．There seems/appears/happens/used to be ...‎ There happened to be a lot of people by the road.They helped us pull the car out of the big hole.路边恰好有很多人，他们帮助我们把车从那个大坑里拉了出来。‎ ‎[注意]‎ ‎(1)作“有”讲时，there be与have的区别：have/has表示所属关系，即“所有，占有”；而there be结构表示客观上的存在，不说明所属关系。‎ There is a new computer on his desk.‎ 在他的桌子上有一台新电脑。(电脑在桌子上)‎ He has a new computer.‎ 他有一台新电脑。(电脑为他所有)‎ ‎(2)There be句型中谓语动词的人称和数应与后面主语保持一致。若后面有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，则应采取“就近原则”，即谓语应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ There are going to be two basketball matches this afternoon.今天下午将有两场篮球比赛。‎ There is a pencil and some notebooks on the desk.‎ 在书桌上有一支铅笔和一些笔记本。‎ ‎[应用体验1]　用There be结构补全句子 ‎①我们学校这个周末有一场电影。‎ There_is_going_to_be a film in our school this weekend.‎ ‎②我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。‎ There_is_a_teacher_and_many_students in our classroom.‎ ‎③在那座山的山顶上矗立着一座高塔。‎ There_stands_a_tall_tower on the top of the hill.‎ ‎④机场外有很多粉丝正等着见那位著名的歌手。‎ There_are_many_fans_waiting to see the famous singer outside the airport.‎ ‎(二)含有There be的重要的特殊表达方式 ‎1．There is no denying that ...“不可否认……”‎ There is no denying that it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.‎ 不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。‎ ‎2．There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”‎ ‎(2018·6月浙江高考写作)There is no doubt that I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.‎ 毫无疑问，我与外国人交流几乎没有什么困难。‎ ‎3．There is no need to do ...“没有必要做……”‎ There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every effort to provide more jobs.没必要为此担心，因为现在政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。‎ ‎4．There is no sense/point in doing ...“做……是没有意义的/道理的”‎ There is no sense in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.‎ 把重要决定留给没有经验的人是没有道理的。‎ ‎5．There is no use doing ...“做……是没用的”‎ There is no use regretting when time passed by.‎ 时间流逝，后悔是没有用的。‎ ‎[应用体验2]　用There be特殊表达方式补全句子 ‎①毫无疑问，写英语日记对你的英语书面表达很有帮助。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that_keeping_an_English_diary helps you a lot with written English.‎ ‎②争吵是没有用的。你要学会让对方理解你所说的。‎ There_is_no_use_quarrelling.You need to learn to make yourself understood.‎ ‎③给孩子们购买昂贵的衣服没有意义，因为他们很快就长大而没法穿了。‎ There_is_no_sense_in_buying_expensive_clothes_for_children,_as they soon grow out of them.‎ ‎④这里一切都好，不用牵挂。‎ Everything is fine with me; there_is_no_need_for_you_to_be_concerned.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 用There be结构补全句子 ‎1．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)毫无疑问，完全依赖消费排名是不明智的。 ‎ There_is_no_doubt_that_it_is_unwise_to_depend_completely_on the ratings in consumption.‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)附在该邮件中的是我的工作申请表和个人简历。‎ There_is_my_job_application_form_and_personal_resume attached to this email.‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)然而我担心附件里面有一些单词和格式的错误。‎ But I'm afraid that there_are_some_mistakes_about_the_words and format of the enclosure.‎ ‎4．(2015·天津高考书面表达)如果还有什么其他我可以为你做的事情，请尽快与我联系。‎ If_there_is_anything_else_I_can_do_for_you,_please contact me as soon as possible.‎ ‎5．(2015·广东高考写作)不可否认，它能增强人们的健康意识，但更有可能引起过度焦虑。‎ There_is_no_denying_that_it_can_enhance_people's_consciousness_of_health,_but it is more likely to result in overanxiety.‎ ‎6．那儿会有寄宿家庭还是大学宿舍？‎ Would_there_be_host_family_or university dormitory?‎ 增分句型(二)　避免头重脚轻的it句型 it除了用作人称代词外，还常用作形式主语或形式宾语，有时也可以用在一些固定句型中。灵活地运用it句型可使文章更高级，结构更紧凑。‎ ‎(一)it作形式主语的常用句型 在英语中，为了避免头重脚轻，经常运用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置，作真正主语的常为动词不定式(短语)或从句，有时也可用动名词(短语)。‎ ‎1．It takes (sb.) some time/energy/effort ...to do sth.“做某事花费(某人的)时间/精力……”‎ It took them about half an hour to work out the difficult maths problem.‎ 他们花了大约半个小时的时间才解出这道数学难题。‎ ‎2．It is (was)＋形容词＋(of/for sb.) to do sth./It is (was)＋形容词＋that ...‎ ‎①(2018·江苏高考书面表达)In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.‎ 在那种情况下，按消费排名购买图书既方便又经济。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It's necessary that you have a good knowledge of Tang Poetry.‎ 你对唐诗有很好的了解是很有必要的。‎ ‎3．It is (was)＋名词＋(for sb.) to do sth./It is (was)＋名词＋that ...‎ ‎①It is a tradition and virtue for us Chinese people to help those in need.‎ 帮助需要帮助的人是我们中华民族的传统和美德。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It's really a good idea that we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang ‎ Dynasty.我们应该花点时间简要了解唐朝的历史，这的确是个好主意。‎ ‎4．It is/was＋过去分词＋that ...‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It is believed that the English short film will be not only meaningful but also interesting.‎ 相信这部英文短片不仅有意义，而且很有趣。‎ ‎5．It seems/appears/happens＋that ...“似乎，碰巧……”‎ It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.‎ 似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么事。‎ ‎6．It is the first/second ...time that ...“这是第一/二……次……”‎ ‎(2017·天津高考书面表达)It is the first time that I have been a volunteer, so I am now receiving all the training involved.这是我第一次做志愿者，所以我现在正接受所有相关的培训。‎ ‎7．It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...“自从……以来已经有多长时间了”‎ It is already three months since he worked in this company, and now he still can't find a job.自从他离开这家公司以来已有三个月了，他现在还没有找到一份工作。‎ ‎8．It is/was (about/high) time that ...“是……的时候了”‎ It is high time that you should make/made a decision.‎ 该是你做出决定的时候了。‎ ‎9．It goes without saying that ...“不用说……”‎ Therefore, it goes without saying that it is this proverb that brings me motivation and encouragement.‎ 因此，不用说是这句谚语给我带来了动力和鼓励。‎ ‎[应用体验1]　用it作形式主语补全句子 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)这是体验中国文化非常好的一个机会。‎ It_is_a_really_good_opportunity_to_experience Chinese culture.‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)据说将会展出来自全中国的专家制作的大量的剪纸作品。‎ It's_said_that a large number of papercutting works by experts throughout China will be on shown.‎ ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)非常遗憾星期天下午我不能和你一起去书店了。‎ It's_a_great_pity_that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Sunday afternoon.‎ ‎④我有可能会在这所学校里以一名志愿者的身份当助教。‎ It_is_likely_that_I_will_work_as_a_volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.‎ ‎⑤而且，多与你的美国朋友一起参加户外活动对你更好，这会有助于你放松，玩得开心。‎ What's more, it_is_better_for_you_to_join_in_more_outdoor_activities with your ‎ American friends, which may help you relax and have fun.‎ ‎(二)it作形式宾语及其他的常用句型 it除了可以作形式主语外，还可作形式宾语。it作形式宾语和在一些常用句型中的应用都可以提升文章的档次，使文章更高级。‎ ‎1．动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do/doing/that从句(常见的动词有：find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume)‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.‎ 我觉得和你一起学习唐诗是很有趣的。‎ ‎2．I would appreciate it if ...“如果……我将感激不尽”‎ ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I would appreciate it very much if you could check the contents and format for me.‎ 如果你能为我检查一下内容和格式，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎3．Sb.likes/loves/hates/dislikes it when ...“某人喜欢/不喜欢……”‎ I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.‎ 我不喜欢在电话上不得不说法语。‎ ‎[应用体验2]　用it作形式宾语补全句子 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我认为采纳我的建议对你有很大帮助。‎ I consider it_of_great_help_to_you_to_take_my_suggestions.‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)作为你亲密的朋友，我认为这对你来说是一个很好的机会，所以我想告诉你一些有关它的细节。‎ As your close friend, I_think_it_a_great_opportunity_for_you,_so I'd like to tell you some details about it.‎ ‎③父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子觉得很难达到父母的期望。‎ Parents usually have such high expectations that their children find_it_hard_to_live_up_to_them.‎ ‎④不论他在哪里，他都把早餐前散步当成一种习惯。‎ No matter where he is, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go for a walk before breakfast.‎ ‎[专题过关训练]‎ 用it句式补全句子 ‎1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)我突然想到，像茶文化这样的传统文化具有极大的魅力和巨大的价值。‎ It_suddenly_hit_me_that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我认为这会让你感兴趣，因为你一直热衷于乒乓球运动。‎ I_consider_it_interesting_for_you,_for you have been enthusiastic about table tennis.‎ ‎3．(2016·北京高考书面表达)在我看来，保护地球是每个人的责任。‎ As far as I'm concerned, it_is_everyone's_duty_to_protect_the_earth.‎ ‎4．(2016·北京高考书面表达)更好地利用用过的材料是个好主意。‎ It_is_a_good_idea_that we make better use of used materials.‎ ‎5．(2014·北京高考书面表达)不久之后，我们学校存车处有了两个入口，使得我们在那里存放自行车更加容易。‎ Soon afterwards, there are two entrances to the parking place in our school, making_it_easier_for_us_to_park_our_bikes_there.‎ ‎6．这是我第一次跨出国门，踏上异国土地。‎ It_is_the_first_time_I_have_left my country and set foot on foreign soil.‎ ‎7．我们从第一中学毕业已经十年了。‎ It_is/has_been_ten_years_since we graduated from the No.1 High School.‎ ‎8．据说教授已经成功完成了这个实验。‎ It's_said_that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.‎