2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit5Canada_“TheTrueNorth”单元复习学案（24人教版必修3）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit5Canada_“TheTrueNorth”单元复习学案（24人教版必修3）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit 5　Canada—“The True North” 单元学案 教 材 面 面 观 单词拓展 ‎1.________n．洲；大陆　________adj.大陆的 ‎2．________n．风景；景色 ‎3．________n．边界；国界　________vt.与……接壤 ‎4．________n．距离；远方　________adj.遥远的 ‎5．________n．传统　________adj.传统的　________adv.传统地 ‎6．________vt.使印象深刻　________n．印象　________adj.留下印象的 ‎7．________vt.受惊吓　________adj.恐惧的　________‎ adj.令人恐惧的 ‎8．________vt.证实；证明 ‎9．________vt.混合　________n．混合物 ‎10．________prep.在……之内 ‎11．________vt.测量；衡量　________n．计量单位；措施 ‎12．________vt.聊天 ‎13．________adj.富有的________n．财富 ‎14．________adj.轻微的　________adv.轻微地 ‎15．________adv.向东　________adj.东方的　________n．东方 短语回顾 ‎1.rather________　与其；不愿 ‎2．________to do 设法做 ‎3．have a gift________ 对……有天赋 ‎4．________the way 一直 ‎5．as________as 远到；直到 ‎6．go________ 穿过，检查 ‎7．________down 定居；平静下来；专心于 ‎8．________sight of 看见；瞥见 ‎9．________the distance 在远处 ‎10．________of 梦想 ‎11．________dawn 在黎明时 ‎12．go________ 在商业区 ‎13．take ________ 采取措施 ‎14．be ________ by 被……包围 ‎15．in ________ 事实上 句型背诵 ‎1.________ ________take an aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.‎ 她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到东海岸。‎ ‎2．The thought________they could cross the whole continent was exciting.‎ 她们将会横穿整个大陆的想法让人感到兴奋。‎ ‎3．As they sat in a buffet restaurant________over the broad St Lawrence River，a young man sat down with them.‎ 当她们坐在一家自助餐厅里眺望广阔的圣劳伦斯河时，一个年轻人坐到了她们身边。‎ ‎4．It's too bad you can't ________ ________ ________ ________ Ottawa, Canada's capital.‎ 很可惜你们不能一直走至加拿大的首都渥太华。‎ 自我诊断 单词拓展 ‎1．continent，continental　2.scenery　3.border，border ‎4．distance，distance　5.tradition，traditional，traditionally ‎6．impress，impression，impressive　7.terrify，terrified，terrifying　8.confirm　9.mix，mixture　10.within　11.measure，measure　12.chat　13.wealthy，wealth　14.slight，slightly　15.eastward，eastern，east 短语回顾 ‎1．than　2.manage　3.for　4.all　5.far　6.through ‎7．settle　8.catch　9.in　10.dream　11.at　12.downtown ‎13．measures　14.surrounded　15.fact 句型背诵 ‎1．Rather than　2.that　3.looking　4.go as far as 考 点 串 串 讲 重点单词 ‎1.confirm vt.(尤指通过提供证据)证实，证明；确定，确认 ‎●用法拓展 confirm sb. in belief/opinion/theory使某人对信念/观点/理论明确 confirm sth./that...证实 confirm whether...确认是否……‎ It has been confirmed that...已经确定……‎ ‎①When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire.‎ 有人问她时，她肯定了她将要退休。‎ ‎②We must confirm whether it is true or not.‎ 我们必须确认那是不是真的。‎ ‎③It has been confirmed that Lewis's next fight will be against Bruno.‎ 已经确定刘易斯的下一场拳击赛将阵布鲁诺。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①The evidence ________ me in my opinion that they were lying.‎ A．confirmed　　　　　　　　B．confused C．controlled D．confessed ‎②It has been confirmed ________ he wasn't the person who stole your cow.‎ A．that B．if C．whether D．why 答案：①A　②A　‎ ‎2．slightly adv.轻微地；稍微 ‎①The number of passengers by this line fell off slightly in January.‎ 一月份这条航线的乘客数量略有减少。‎ ‎②This one is slightly better than that.‎ 这一个比那个稍好一点。‎ ‎●用法拓展 slight adj.微小的，轻微的，微不足道的；不结实的，纤弱的；脆弱的 ‎①I have a slight cold.‎ 我患了轻微的感冒。‎ ‎②The wind seemed to lift her slight body.‎ 风似乎要把她瘦弱的身体吹起来。‎ 即境活用 翻译句子 直到电梯载着我们下行了一段，她才略微放松下来。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：She relaxed slightly as the elevator moved us downward.‎ ‎3．mix vt.使混和；搀和 ‎①She put the sugar into the coffee and mixed them up with a spoon.‎ 她把糖放进咖啡里，用勺子把它们混和起来。‎ ‎②The workmen mixed sand, gravel, and cement to make concrete.‎ 工人们把沙子、石子和水泥混合成混凝土。‎ ‎●用法拓展 ‎(1)mix...with...把……和……相混 ‎(2)mix sb. sth.给某人配制某物 ‎(3)mix with与……相混 ‎①We can sometimes mix work with pleasure.‎ 我们有时能把工作和娱乐结合起来。‎ ‎②The doctor mixed him a bottle of medicine.‎ 医生为他配了一瓶药。‎ ‎③Oil doesn't mix with water.‎ 油和水不能混。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎—How did he clean the floor?‎ ‎—With water ________ a chemical.‎ A．mix with　　B．mixing with C．mixed with D．to mix with 答案：C　‎ ‎4．distance n．距离；远方；遥远；疏远　v．不介入；与……疏远 ‎●用法拓展 ‎(1)at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远 ‎(2)in the distance在远方 ‎(3)out of distance from离……太远；达不到 ‎(4)keep sb. at a distance对……冷淡；与……疏远 ‎(5)keep one's distance from与……保持距离 ‎(6)distance yourself from不介入；与……疏远 ‎(7)distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的 ‎①The dog looked dangerous, so I decided to keep my distance.‎ 那只狗看上去很凶，所以我决定躲远点儿。‎ ‎②You can see the ancient ruins in the distance.‎ 你在远处可以看到古代的废墟。‎ ‎③The pyramids are visible at a distance of several kilometres.‎ 一座座的金字塔在数公里远的地方就可以看到。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎—How much farther shall we have to go?‎ ‎—Another five miles until we reach the mountain ________.‎ A．at a distance　B．in a distance C．at distance D．in the distance 答案：D　‎ ‎5．surround vt.&vi.包围；围绕 Troops have surrounded the town.‎ 军队已将该城包围。‎ The house was surrounded by high walls.‎ 房子的四周有高墙。‎ ‎●用法拓展 be surrounded with(by)被……环绕着，周围都是……‎ black surround黑底 surrounding adj.周围的，附近的 surroundings n．周围的事物，环境，气氛 ‎●易混辨析 surroundings, environment与conditions ‎①surroundings专指自然环境，从周围的事物这一客体着眼。‎ ‎②environment既可以指自然环境，也可以指精神环境，从环境对人的感受、道德观念的影响着眼。‎ ‎③condition的复数形式conditions可表示“环境，情况”的意思，但它主要是抽象意义上的。‎ beautiful surroundings/environment美丽的环境 The children have a happy environment at school.‎ 孩子们在学校有一个快乐的环境。‎ living conditions生活条件/环境/状况 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①________by thick bamboo and high forest，the ancient city hadn't been discovered until the 1990s.‎ A．Surrounding　　　　　　　B．Surrounded C．Surround D．Having surrounded ‎②________out of the theater，the famous singer found herself________by many fans.‎ A．Walking；surrounding B．Walking；surrounded C．Walked；surrounding D．Walked；surrounded 答案：①B　②B　‎ ‎6．measure v．&n.测量；衡量；计量单位；措施 He measured the length of the room.‎ 他量了房间的长度。‎ The rope measures 10 metres long.‎ 这根绳子有10米长。‎ We should take some measures to help the poor.‎ 我们应该采取一些措施来帮助穷人。‎ ‎●用法拓展 take one's measure/take the measure of给某人量尺寸，估量某人(的品格、能力等)‎ in large measure很大程度上 short measure分量不足，短斤缺两 measure sb./sth. against sb./sth.(以他物/他人)量，比 measure up to sth.合格，够得上 即境活用 单项填空 In my opinion，one's success cannot always be________in terms of money.‎ A．calculated B．gained C．measured D．gathered 答案：C ‎7．within prep.(距离、时间)……以内；(场所)在……之中；(范围、程度)……的范围之内 They finished the house within half a year.‎ 他们在半年内盖好了这幢房屋。‎ My house is within an easy walk of the station.‎ 我家从车站走一会儿就到了。‎ You'd better stay within the town.‎ 你最好留在城内。‎ ‎●用法拓展 within reach够得着 within sight看得见 within one's power力所能及 The apple on the tree is within my reach.‎ 我够得着树上的苹果。‎ You can do it because it is within your power.‎ 你可以做这件事，因为是你力所能及的。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 You don't have to take a bus.The post office is________walking distance.‎ A．through B．across C．above D．within 答案：D ‎8．border n．边界；国界；边沿 vt.&vi.与……接壤；接近 ‎●用法拓展 a border town边境城市 the border of the lake湖边 on the border of将要；接近于；在……的边界上 border on sth.接近某物，毗邻某物；几乎与……接近；近似 ‎●易混辨析 border，boundary与frontier border“边境，边界”，常指沿两国边界的地区。‎ The town lies on the border between the U．S. and Mexico.‎ 该镇位于美国和墨西哥交界处。‎ boundary“边界线，分界线”，常指分隔两国的天然的山脉、河流等界线。‎ The mountain is the boundary between the U．S. and Canada.‎ 这座山是美国和加拿大的分界线。‎ frontier“边疆，国境”，指一个国家的边界，还可指领域，指领域时要用复数形式。‎ Troops established a road block on the frontier.‎ 部队在边境设立了路障。‎ 即境活用 用border，boundary与frontier填空 ‎①The Yalu River forms a________between China and Korea.‎ ‎②She has been working in a________region since her graduation.‎ ‎③The soldiers guarded the________of the country.‎ 答案：①boundary　②border　③frontier　‎ 重点短语 ‎1.have a gift for 在……方面有天赋 As far as I know, she has a gift for music.‎ 据我所知，她有音乐天赋。‎ ‎●易混辨析 gift与present 都含“礼物”的意思，两词可以互换。‎ ‎(1)gift在语体上较为正式，带有一定的感情色彩，侧重送礼人的诚意，有时含有“捐赠”的意思。‎ ‎(2)present系普通用语，一般指“值钱不多的礼物”，也可表示下对上送礼的意思。‎ ‎①Each child brought a little present to the mother.‎ 每个孩子给母亲带来一件小礼物。‎ ‎②This was given me as a birthday gift/present.‎ 这是给我的生日礼物。‎ ‎●用法拓展 gifted有天赋的；聪颖的；天才的 He is a gifted pianist.‎ 他是个有天赋的钢琴家。‎ ‎●特别提醒 have a gift for＝be gifted in＝have a talent for对……有天赋 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①—How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers' Day?‎ ‎—A gift together with many flowers ________sent to me by my students.‎ A．is　　　　　　　　B．are C．was D．were ‎②He can speak English, German, French and Japanese. He really has a ________ for language.‎ A．gift B．present C．ability D．skill 答案：①C　②A　‎ ‎2．rather than与其；不愿 These are political rather than social matters.‎ 这是政治问题而不是社会问题。‎ Tom，rather than you，is to blame.‎ 受责备的应该是汤姆，而不是你。‎ He was busy writing letters rather than reading newspapers.‎ 他正忙于写信而不是读报。‎ ‎●用法拓展 prefer to do...rather than do...比起做……更喜欢做……‎ would do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不做……‎ ‎＝would rather do...than do...宁愿做……而不做……‎ other than除了……之外 rather better than似乎稍好些 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①Why not get some work experience first________go straight on to university?‎ A．other than B．rather than C．more than D．less than ‎②—Would you like to go out for a drink?‎ ‎—Actually，________if you don't mind.‎ A．I'd prefer not B．I'd rather not C．I can't D．I don't want ‎③I always prefer to get up early________go to school without breakfast.‎ A．more than B．better than C．other than D．rather than 答案：①B　②B　③D　‎ ‎3．manage to do设法做 How did you manage to get their approval?‎ 你怎么得到他们的同意的？‎ She doesn't know how to manage her naughty children.‎ 她不知道怎样管好自己顽皮的孩子。‎ He manages a hotel for his father.‎ 他替他父亲经营一家旅馆。‎ ‎●用法拓展 manage about设法处理，解决 manage with以……设法应付 manage without在没有……的情况下应付过去 manage on(靠少量的钱)勉强生活下去 ‎●易混辨析 manage to do和try to do 两者都表示“努力做某事”，但是manage to do表示经过努力做成了这件事，强调结果，而try to do只强调做出努力，并不强调结果。如：‎ Although they were very poor，they managed to send their sons to school.‎ 尽管他们很穷，但还是尽力将儿子们送去上学。(儿子们都去上学了)‎ The man tried to escape but failed.‎ 那人努力逃跑，但没成功。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①I don't see how I could possibly________to do it.‎ A．try B．tried C．manage D．managed ‎②A small dog had somehow________to survive the fire.‎ A．tried B．puzzled C．combined D．managed 答案：①C　②D　‎ ‎4．in the distance在远处 I could see the faint gleam of light in the distance.‎ 我能看见远处微弱的灯光。‎ ‎●用法拓展 at a distance隔开一段距离，有些距离 from a distance由远处 a distance of...距离……‎ We can see some trees in the distance.‎ 我们看到远处有些树。‎ This building looks more beautiful at a distance.‎ 这座楼稍远些看更美丽。‎ The foreigner came here from a distance.‎ 这些外宾从很远的地方来的。‎ You can see the top of the hill from a distance of 20 li.‎ 从20里远的地方就可以看到山顶。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 They saw a man________and they began to run over to him.‎ A．in the distance B．at a distance C．from a distance D．with a distance 答案：C ‎5．settle down定居；平静下来；专心于 ‎●用法拓展 settle in/into迁入；适应(新的家、工作、环境等)‎ settle on/upon决定；同意(某事)‎ settle up付清欠账；结清账单 settle one's affairs安排好自己的事情 ‎●特别提醒 ‎①settle down用作不及物动词短语时，表示“定居，安静地坐下；对(生活、工作等)安下心来”。如：‎ He has settled down to farming.‎ 他已安心从事农业。‎ ‎②settle down用作及物动词短语时，表示“使……平静下来”。如：‎ The chairman tried to settle the audience down.‎ 主席设法使听众安静下来。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①Miao nationality________in the southeast of China.‎ A．almost settles B．most settles C．mostly settles D．mainly stays ‎②It always takes the class a while to________at the start of the lesson.‎ A．settle on B．settle in C．settle down D．settle up 答案：①C　句意为：苗族多数定居在中国的东南地区。settle意为“定居”；而mostly表示“多数，大半”，因此C项正确。‎ ‎②C　settle down“平静下来”，符合句意；settle on“决定；同意”；settle in“迁入”；settle up“付清欠款”，此三项均与句意不符。‎ ‎6．as far as远至；一直到 ‎●用法拓展 ‎(1)as far as I know 据我所知 ‎(2)as far as sb./sth. is concerned就某人/物而言 ‎(3)far away遥远 ‎(4)far (away)from离……远 ‎(5)far from doing/adj.远远不；一点也不 ‎(6)by far...……得多 ‎(7)so far至今为止 ‎(8)as＋adj./adv.＋as达到……程度 as many/tall/heavy as多/高/重达 ‎●特别提醒 as good as意为“与……一样好；几乎，差不多”。as well as意为“既……又……；和……一样好”。‎ ‎①As far as I am concerned, it sounds like a great idea.‎ 就我而言，这听起来是个很好的主意。‎ ‎②We were sitting too far away from the stage to be able to see very much.‎ 我们坐的地方远离舞台，无法看清楚。‎ ‎③Michael walked in, looking far from happy.‎ 迈克尔走了进来，看上去一点也不高兴。‎ ‎④We haven't had any trouble so far.‎ 迄今为止我们没碰上什么麻烦。‎ ‎⑤The work is as good as finished.‎ 这件工作可以说已经完成。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①John is the tallest boy in the class, ________ according to himself.‎ A．five foot eight as tall as B．as tall as five foot eight C．as five foot eight tall as D．as tall five foot eight as ‎②—You failed again in the maths exam yesterday.‎ ‎—Don't tell Dad about it, if he knows that, I'm ________ dead.‎ A．as well as　　　　　　　B．as possible as C．as good as D．as far as 答案：①B　②C　‎ 重点句式 ‎1.Rather than take an aeroplane all the way，they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.‎ 她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到东海岸。‎ ‎●用法拓展 rather than“而不是”，连接两个并列成分，后接名词，代词，形容词，副词，ing形式或不定式。‎ ‎①I want to go there in August rather than July.‎ 我宁愿八月去，而不七月去。‎ ‎②I have decided to send him an email rather than telephone.‎ 我宁愿给他发个电子邮件，也不打电话。‎ ‎③Rather than risk breaking up his marriage he told his wife everything.‎ 他唯恐婚姻破裂，把一切都告诉了妻子。‎ ‎●用法拓展 ‎(1)would rather...than宁愿……也不……‎ ‎(2)prefer to do... rather than do...喜欢做……而不喜欢做……‎ ‎①My aunt invited me to the movies, but I said I would rather go on a picnic than go there.‎ 我的姑妈邀请我去看电影，可是我说我倒愿意去野餐，也不去那里。‎ ‎②He preferred to stay at home watching TV rather than go to the concert.‎ 他宁愿在家里看电视也不愿去听音乐会。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎—What does he want to do after he finishes middle school?‎ ‎—He has made up his mind to join the army rather than ________ to ‎ college.‎ A．going　　　　　　　　B．go C．went D．goes 答案：B　‎ ‎2．Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast.‎ 李黛予和她的表妹刘倩要去大西洋海岸的加拿大的蒙特利尔市看望她们的表兄妹们。‎ ‎●用法拓展 trip n．(通常指短途的)行走，旅行。与trip搭配的主要动词和介词有：be (go) on/make/take a trip to...。如：‎ a trip to the seaside 海边之旅 He is on a business trip.‎ 他出差了。‎ ‎●特别提醒 travel是表示“从一处到另一处”的最普通的词。如：‎ He came home after years of foreign travel.‎ 他在国外到处走了多年之后才回家。‎ journey通常指陆路长途的旅行、行程，表示从一地到另一地所花费的时间或旅行的距离。如：‎ It is three days' journey from here to Berlin.‎ 从这里到柏林有三天的路程。‎ voyage与journey同义，但指的是海上旅行。如：‎ The voyage from England to India used to take six months.‎ 从英国到印度的航程过去需要花六个月的时间。‎ 即境活用 翻译句子 ‎①他们计划到巴黎旅行度蜜月。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②旅程很长，但我们最后还是按时到达了。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎③他争辩说这男孩不应该一个人去远航。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：①They planned to make a wedding trip to Paris.‎ ‎②It was a long journey, but we eventually arrived on time.‎ ‎③He argued that the boy should not go on the voyage alone.‎ ‎3．That night as the train was speeding along the St Lawrence River toward the Gulf of St Lawrence and down the distant east coast...‎ 那天晚上，当火车沿着圣劳伦斯河、朝着远在东海岸的圣劳伦斯湾疾驰时……‎ ‎●用法拓展 as在此引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。‎ As I waited at the stop，I heard a big noise.‎ 我在车站等车时，听到一个很大的声响。‎ As he was standing in line，he caught sight of an old friend.‎ 他在排队时看见了一位老朋友。‎ ‎●用法拓展 as作连词时除引导时间状语从句外还可引导：‎ ‎①原因状语从句　②让步状语从句　③方式状语从句 ‎④比较状语从句 As he is a tailor，he knows what to do with this material.‎ 由于他是个裁缝，他知道怎样利用这块布料。‎ You must do it as I told you.‎ 你必须按照我说的做。‎ Hard as it was raining，they went on working in the field.‎ 虽然天下大雨，但他们继续在田地里干活。‎ I hope the necklace was as good as the one you lent me.‎ 我希望这个项链同你借给我的一样好。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎________we are students，we must focus our attention on our studies.‎ A．As B．Although C．While D．If 答案：A ‎4．As they sat in a buffet restaurant looking over the broad St Lawrence River，a young man sat down with them.‎ 当她们坐在一家自助餐厅里眺望广阔的圣劳伦斯河时，一个年轻人坐到了她们身边。‎ ‎“looking over the broad St Lawrence River”为分词短语作状语。‎ ‎●用法拓展 ‎①现在分词短语在句中作状语，可以表示伴随、结果，相当于一个并列句，因此可以和and连接的并列句转换，也可和with复合结构转换。‎ He went out，leaving the lights on.(结果)‎ ‎＝He went out，with the lights on.‎ ‎＝He went out and left the lights on.‎ 他出去了，灯开着。‎ He lay in bed，reading a novel.(伴随)‎ ‎＝He lay in bed and read a novel.‎ 他躺在床上读小说。‎ ‎②现在分词短语在句中作状语还可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步等。其结构相当于一个状语从句。‎ Finishing the work，he left his office.(时间)‎ ‎＝After he finished the work，he left his office.‎ 工作完成之后他离开了办公室。‎ Not knowing the answer，he kept silent.(原因)‎ ‎＝Because he didn't know the answer，he kept silent.‎ 因为不知道答案，他保持沉默。‎ Working hard at your lessons，you'll succeed.(条件)‎ ‎＝If you work hard at your lessons，you'll succeed.‎ 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。‎ Working hard as he did，he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.(让步)‎ ‎＝Though he worked hard as he did，he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.‎ 他虽然努力地工作，但仍然挣不到足够的钱来买辆车。‎ ‎③过去分词短语也可以在句中作状语。‎ Given enough time，we could have done it better.‎ 如果时间再足够一些，我们还能够做得更好。‎ The teacher went out，followed by his students.‎ 老师出发了，后面跟着他的学生们。‎ ‎●误区警示 ‎(1)分词作状语时，必须遵循下列基本原则：‎ ‎①分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。‎ ‎②分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。‎ ‎(2)过去分词和现在分词的完成式不能作主语。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①No matter when she is asked why she is often late for school，she will answer carelessly，always________the same thing.‎ A．to say B．says C．saying D．having said ‎②________things down，he began to think over the next subject.‎ A．Settling B．Having settled C．Settled D．To settle 答案：①C　此处现在分词作状语，因为she与say为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词。而having done表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。‎ ‎②B　句意为：把事情安顿好之后，他开始考虑下一个课题。settle的逻辑主语与主句主语一致且发生在主句谓语动词之前，故用settle的现在分词的完成形式，表示动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，故选B。‎ ‎5．The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.‎ 要横贯整个大陆的想法很是令人兴奋。‎ ‎●用法拓展 该句中that they could cross the whole continent是引导词that引导的同位语从句，作the thought的同位语，表示对thought的进一步说明或解释，其中引导词that不可以省略。同位语从句所说明的先行词通常是抽象名词，如fact，news，hope，belief，idea，question等。从句最常用的引导词是that，还有其他词也可以充当，如：从属连词whether，关系代词what，who等，关系副词how，when，why等。如：‎ I didn't find the answer to the question whether he would join us or not.‎ 我没有找到他是否加入到我们中间这个问题的答案。‎ I don't have any idea what you will do with this problem.‎ 我不知道你将如何处理这个问题。‎ It is still a problem how we persuade him to give up.‎ 我们如何说服他放弃一直是一个问题。‎ 同位语从句和定语从句看上去很相似，而这两类从句各自的特点是：(1)定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制作用；同位语从句具体说明它前面的名词的内容。(2)that在定语从句中担任句子成分，是关系代词。当that在从句中充当宾语时可以省略；that在同位语从句中不担任句子成分，是从属连词，通常不省略。如：‎ The news that you told me was not true.‎ 你告诉我的消息不真实。(定语从句)‎ The news that our team won the gold medal excited us.‎ 我们队赢得了金牌这个消息使我们很兴奋。(同位语从句)‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①Do you have any idea________is actually going on in the classroom?‎ A．that B．what C．as D．which ‎②________the students would put off the outing until next week，when they wouldn't be busy.‎ A．Word came that B．Word that came C．Word came which D．Word came 答案：①B　②A　‎ ‎6．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.‎ 那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，有一些高达90米。‎ ‎●用法拓展 some measuring over 90 metres该结构称作独立主格结构。独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语组成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词构成主谓关系。这种结构与其主句不发生句法上的联系，并且位置灵活，可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，用逗号隔开。如：‎ He lay at full length on his stomach, his head resting up on his left forearm.‎ 他脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左前臂，直挺挺的趴着。‎ There being a heavy rain, he went back home hurriedly.‎ 要下大雨了，他急忙回家。‎ 即境活用 翻译句子 ‎①天气允许的话我们就明天出发。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②讲座开始了，他悄悄地离开座位不让别人发现。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：①Weather permitting, we will set off tomorrow.‎ ‎②The lecture beginning, he left his seat quietly so as not to be found.‎ 知 能 层 层 练 一、单项填空 ‎1．In the ________ future, all the people living in the village ________ will have to move to another place because of the expansion of the factory.‎ A．near; nearby　　B．near; nearly ‎ C．nearly; nearby D．nearby; near 答案：A 解析：第一个空用形容词near“就近的；附近的”；第二个空用形容词nearby“在附近”作后置定语，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．—What ________ did the country leave you after a year of your staying there?‎ ‎—Well, I think what ________ me most was the friendliness of the people there.‎ A．impression; impressed B．was impressed; impressed C．was impressed on; impressing D．had impressed; was impressed 答案：A 解析：leave sb. a(n) ...impression“给某人留下……印象”；what impresses sb. most“给某人印象最深的是……”。‎ ‎3．You can see the ancient tower ________ a distance of 20 miles.‎ A．in B．at C．by D．to 答案：B 解析：at a distance of...“在……远的地方”为固定短语。‎ ‎4．Though lacking money and support from his family, he ________ to complete the task by himself, which brought him confidence and experience.‎ A．tried B．attempted C．ran D．managed 答案：D 解析：manage to do sth.意为“成功做成某事”。A、B两项均表示“试图去做某事”，与题意不符。‎ ‎5．Actually, ________ works hard can be ________ they want to be, whether it is a pilot, an engineer or a manager.‎ A．anyone；anyone B．whoever; whatever C．whoever; whoever D．no matter who; whoever 答案：B 解析：主语从句缺少主语而且指人，故第一空用whoever；表语从句缺少表语，表示“无论什么样的人”，用whatever。‎ ‎6．The 5% price rise is well ________ the limits set by the government.‎ A．within B．in C．on D．to 答案：A 解析：within意为“不超过；在……之内”。‎ ‎7．Many road accidents occurred because motorists could not ________ the speed of approaching vehicles.‎ A．conclude B．count C．measure D．value 答案：C 解析：measure意为“评估；测量”时，为及物动词，后可直接接宾语。conclude“推断出；得出结论”；count“数”；value“评价”。‎ ‎8．The news came, as expected, ________ my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa where people were suffering a lot from AIDS.‎ A．it B．that C．what D．which 答案：B 解析：that引导同位语从句，用于解释说明news的内容，二者被as expected隔开了。‎ ‎9．I have the same opinion as you ________ the privacy of one's life should be kept secret.‎ A．that B．which C．whether D．what 答案：A 解析：the privacy of one's life should be kept secret为完整的一句话，不缺少任何成分，是对opinion的解释说明，故用that引导同位语从句。‎ ‎10．The proposal had been put forward, and then arose the question ________ we were to get the proofs needed.‎ A．which B．where C．that D．why 答案：B 解析：由先行词question可知同位语从句的引导词表示疑问含义，排除C项；which意为“哪一个”；常充当定语，故排除；由题意可知此处表示地点而非原因，故选B项。‎ 二、根据汉语意思完成下列句子。(每空一词)‎ ‎1．没有人证实那笔钱已经支付了。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________the money had been paid.‎ ‎2．政府正在采取措施阻止甲型流感的传播。‎ The government is ________ ________ ________ stop the spread of the H1N1 flu.‎ ‎3．瀑布声在两英里远的地方就可以听到。‎ The waterfall may be heard ________ ________ ________ of two miles.‎ ‎4．真可惜，你昨天没去看戏。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ that you didn't go to the theatre yesterday.‎ ‎5．直到她告诉我，我才知道你已回家了。‎ ‎________ ________ she told me did I know that you had gone home.‎ 答案：1.No one confirmed that　2.taking measures to　3.at a distance　4.It is a pity　5.Not until 三、每空填一词，使上下两句的意思相同或相近。‎ ‎1．Rather than take a bus to go downtown, they preferred to go there on foot.‎ They ________ ________ go downtown on foot ________ take a bus.‎ ‎2．Our maths teacher set such a difficult problem that none of us worked it out.‎ Our maths teacher set ________ ________ ________ problem ________ none of us worked it out.‎ ‎3．His sister is a successful doctor, and she is good at dealing with patients.‎ His sister has ________ ________ ________ dealing with patients.‎ ‎4．The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.‎ Many people are ________ ________ the fact that ships can go there.‎ ‎5．They walked until they reached the beach.‎ They walked ________ ________ ________ the beach.‎ 答案：1.would rather; than　2.so difficult a; t hat　3.a gift for　4.surprised at　5.as far as　‎ 四组名词性从句引导词用法区别 ‎ ‎ ‎1. what 与that的用法区别 两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句，区别是what可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“所…的”，而that仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略)：‎ He doesn’t know what she likes. 他不知道她喜欢什么。‎ What you say is quite right. 你所说的相当正确。‎ I believe (that) he will come to see us. 我相信他会来看我们的。‎ It’s a pity (that) he didn’t finish college. 真遗憾他大学没毕业。‎ 另外，that 可引导同位语从句，但 what 通常不用于引导同位语从句：‎ I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. whether与 if的用法区别 两者的用法异同注意以下几点：‎ ‎(1) 两者均可引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，常可互换：‎ He asked if [whether] we wanted a drink. 他问我们是否想喝一杯。‎ He didn’t tell me if [whether] he would come. 他没有告诉我他是否会来。‎ ‎【注】若是引导条件状语从句，则只能用 if(意为“如果”)。‎ ‎(2) 当引导一个否定的宾语从句时，通常用 if 而不用 whether：‎ I don’t care if it doesn’t rain. 我不在乎天是否下雨。‎ ‎【注】在个别词语(如 wonder, not sure 等)后的从句否定式有时也可用 whether 引导：‎ I wonder if [whether] he isn’t mistaken. 我想知道他是否错了。‎ ‎(3) 以下情况通常要用 whether 而不用 if：‎ ‎① 引导宾语从句且置于句首时：‎ Whether he has left, I can’t say. 他是否走了，我说不定。‎ ‎② 引导主语从句且放在句首时：‎ Whether he will come is still a question. 他是否会来还是个问题。‎ ‎【注】若在句首使用形式主语 it，而将主语从句放在句末，则有时也可用 if 来引导：‎ It was not known whether [if] he would come. 不知他是否会来。‎ ‎③ 引导表语从句时：‎ The question is whether we should go on with the work. 问题是我们是否应该继续进行这项工作。‎ ‎【注】在很不正式的场合if偶尔也用于引导表语从句，但远不如用 whether 常见。‎ ‎④ 引导让步状语从句时：‎ Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that. 不管他同意与否，我都要那样做。‎ ‎⑤ 引导同位语从句时：‎ The question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它还没有考虑。‎ ‎⑥ 用于不定式之前时：‎ I’m not sure whether to stay or leave. 我不知是留还是去。‎ I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 我真是哭笑不得。‎ ‎⑦ 用于介词之后时：‎ It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. 这取决于信是否来得及时。‎ I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。‎ ‎⑧ 直接与 or not 连用时：‎ I will write to you whether or not I can come. 我能不能来，我将写信告诉你。‎ ‎【注】若不是直接与 or not 用在一起，则有时也可用 if： ‎ I don’t know whether [if] he will win or not. 我不知他是否能赢。‎ ‎⑨ 在 discuss(讨论)等少数动词后引导宾语从句时：(from www.yygrammar.com)‎ We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. 我们讨论了是否要开一个会。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3. that ,why 与 because的用法区别 它们在引导表语从句中很容易混淆，区别于下：‎ ‎(1) 当主语是reason(原因)时，后面的表语从句的引导词通常用that：‎ The reason why he didn’t attend the party yesterday is that he hasn’t come back yet. 他昨天没有参加聚会是因为他还没有回来。‎ ‎【注】在现代英语中，有时也用 because，但不如用 that 普通。‎ ‎(2) why和 because 都可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调的原因：‎ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet all through. 我既没穿雨衣，也没带雨伞，所以全身都淋湿了。‎ I got wet all through. That’s because I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. 我全身都淋湿了，因为我既没穿雨衣，也没带雨伞 ‎4. that 与 whether (if)的用法区别 从意思上看，两者不应该发生混淆，因为 whether (if) 表示“是否”，而that 却不表示任何含义，但实际使用时，有的同学却经常将其用混，并且各类语法考试也常考查它。两者的原则区别是：that 表示一种肯定、明确的概念，而 whether (if) 则表示一种不肯定、不明确的概念。请看几道考题：‎ ‎(1)______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. ‎ A. That B. If C. Whether D. Whenever [选C]‎ ‎(2)______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. ‎ A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where [选B]‎ 由于以上区别，所以动词 doubt后接宾语从句时，通常要用 whether (if) 来引导，而不用 that，因为 doubt 表示“怀疑”，其意不肯定、不明确；但是如果它用于否定式，其后的宾语从句则要通常用 that 来引导，因为 not doubt 表示“不怀疑”，其意是肯定的、明确的。如：‎ I doubt if [whether] he’ll come. 我拿不准他是否会来。‎ I don’t doubt that he will succeed. 我敢肯定他会成功。‎ Do you doubt that he will win? 你不相信他会赢吗?‎ ‎【注】在现代英语中，doubt用于肯定式时其后也可接that从句，不过此时的that仍表示whether的意思：‎ I doubt that we’ll ever see George again. 我怀疑我们是否还会见到乔治。(from www.yygrammar.com)‎ 类似地，be sure后的名词性从句通常用that引导，而 be not sure 后的名词性从句则通常用whether / if 来引导：‎ I’m sure that  he is honest. 我肯定他是诚实的。‎ I’m not sure whether (if)  he is honest. 我不敢肯定他是否诚实。‎