2019届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit2Theenvironment单元学案设计（43页）

2019届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit2Theenvironment单元学案设计（43页）

‎2019届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit 2The environment单元学案设计 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．flow vi.　　　　　　 流，流动；流畅地进行 n. 流动；连贯 ‎2．clap vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手 ‎3．administration n. 管理，管理部门；施行；(美国)政府 ‎4．conservation n. (对自然环境的)保护 ‎5．fuel n. 燃料 vt. & vi. 提供燃料；加油 ‎6．businessman n. (尤指上层)商界人员；企业家　‎ ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎7．raw adj.　　　　　　　 原始的，未经加工或处理的 ‎8．tax n. 税，税款 ‎9．plant n. 工厂；发电厂 ‎10．customs n. 海关；关税 ‎11．oxygen n. 氧气 ‎12．carbon n. 碳 ‎13．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆 ‎14．petrol n. 汽油 ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎15．soil n．　　　 　　　　 土壤 ‎16．*economy n. 经济(情况)；经济体 ‎17．spokeswoman n. 女发言人 ‎18．*billion n. 十亿 ‎19．pipe n. 管子，管道 ‎20．seafood n. 海味，海鲜 ‎21．pump vt. & vi. 用泵(或泵样器官等)输送；涌出，涌流 n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒　‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎22．feather n．　　　　　　 羽毛 ‎23．tortoise n. 陆龟 ‎24．blanket n. 毯子；厚的覆盖层 ‎25．*economic adj. 经济的 ‎26．*desertification n. 沙漠化 ‎27．crop n. 庄稼，农作物 ‎28．fence n. 栅栏，篱笆，围栏 ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎29．bush n．　　　　　　　 灌木 ‎30．drill vi. & vt. 钻(孔)，打(眼)‎ n. 操练，训练 ‎31．satellite n. 人造卫星 ‎32．typhoon n. 台风 ‎33．whiteflag dolphin n. 白鳍豚 ‎34．lowcarbon adj. 低碳的　‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎1．debate n. & vi.　　　　　 辩论；争论，讨论 ‎2．recycle vt. & vi. 回收利用 ‎3．greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的 ‎4．willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的 ‎5．arrest vt. & n. 逮捕 ‎6．decade n. 十年 ‎7．climate n. 气候 ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎8．engine n．　　　　　　　　 发动机，引擎 ‎9．goods n. 商品，货品 ‎10．duty n. 责任，义务，本分 ‎11．credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分 ‎ ‎12．queue vi. 排队等候 n. 队，行列 ‎13．quantity n. 数量　‎ ‎[第八屏听写]‎ ‎14．conflict vi.　　　　　　　 冲突，抵触 n. 冲突；矛盾 ‎15．decrease vt. & vi. & n. 减少 ‎16．measure n. 措施，方法；尺度 vt. 测量；估量，判定 ‎17．flood n. 洪水；大批，大量 vt. & vi. 泛滥；淹没；大量涌入 ‎ ‎ ‎[第九屏听写]‎ ‎18．range n．　　　　　　　　 范围；一系列；山脉 vi. & vt. (在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序 ‎19．particular adj. 专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的 ‎20．consultant n. 顾问 ‎21．production n. 产量；生产 ‎22．responsibility n. 责任，职责 ‎23．belief n. 看法；信念 ‎[第十屏听写]‎ ‎24．environmental adj.　　　 环境的 ‎25．operate vt. & vi. 经营；动手术 ‎26．arrival n. 到来，抵达；到达者 ‎27．impress vt. 使印象深刻 ‎28．illegal adj. 违法的，非法的 ‎29．appreciate vt. 欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会 ‎30．electrical adj. 电的，用电的 ‎[第十一屏听写]‎ ‎31．consume vt.　　　　　　 消耗，耗费；消费 ‎32．absorb vt. 吸收；理解；使全神贯注 ‎33．in_particular 特别，尤其 ‎34．do_one's_part 尽自己的职责 ‎35．let_off 排放 ‎36．in/with_regard_to 关于，至于 ‎37．under_way 进行中　‎ ‎[第十二屏听写]‎ ‎38．pick_out　　　　　　　　 找出，挑选 ‎39．queue_up 排队等候 ‎ ‎40．use_up 用尽 ‎41．run_out_(of) 用完，耗尽 ‎42．clean_up 打扫干净 ‎43．cut_back_on 减少，消减，缩减 ‎44．open_the_floor 自由发言　‎ 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 ‎(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识记单词写对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉) ‎ ‎1.flow vi.　　　　流，流动；流畅地进行 n. 流动；连贯 ‎2.clap vi. & vt. 鼓掌，拍手 ‎3.administration n. 管理部门；施行；政府 ‎4.conservation n. (对自然环境的)保护 ‎5.fuel n. 燃料 vt. & vi. 提供燃料；加油 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)‎ ‎1.debate n．& vi.　辩论；争论，讨论 ‎2.recycle vt.& vi. 回收利用 ‎3.greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的 ‎4.willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的 ‎5.arrest vt.& n. 逮捕 ‎6.decade n. 十年 ‎7.climate n. 气候 ‎8.engine n．　　发动机，引擎 ‎9.goods n. 商品，货品 ‎10.duty n. 责任，义务，本分 ‎11.credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；‎ 信用，信誉；学分 ‎12.queue vi. 排队等候 n. 队，行列 核心单词练通 ‎1.Cheap goods are available, but not in sufficient quantities (数量) to satisfy demand.‎ ‎2.Social progress is normally a matter of struggles and conflicts (冲突)．‎ ‎3.Bank base rates have fallen from 10 percent to 6 percent — a decrease (减少) of 40 percent.‎ ‎4.We must take preventive measures (措施) to reduce crime in the area.‎ ‎5.The temperature ranges (在一定范围内变化) between 30 and 40 degrees ‎ centigrade on average.‎ ‎6.Many streams have flooded (淹没) their banks, making some roads impassable.‎ ‎7.The police haven't really done anything for the black community in particular (特别的)．‎ ‎8.In order to appreciate (欣赏) the novel, one must be able to enter the spirit of the work.‎ ‎9.It is illegal (非法的) and can endanger other people's lives.‎ ‎10.They held a party to celebrate the arrival (到来) of the New Year.‎ 拓展单词用活 ‎[记全记牢]‎ ‎1.consultant n．顾问→consult vt.& vi.查阅；请教；商议 ‎2.production n．产量；生产→produce vt.& vi.生产，制造→product n．产品；产物 ‎3.responsibility n．责任，职责→responsible adj.负责的；尽责的 ‎4.belief n．看法；信念→believe vt.相信 ‎5.environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境 ‎6.operate vt.& vi.经营；动手术→operation n．操作；经营；手术→operator n．操作员；话务员 ‎7.impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n．印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的 ‎8.electrical adj.电的，用电的→electric adj.电的；用电的；能发电的→electricity n．电；电学；电流 ‎9.consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n．消费者，用户，顾客→consumption n．消费 ‎10.absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注→absorbed adj.‎ ‎[用准用活]‎ ‎1.This month, they have increased production and produced twice as many products as they did last month.(produce)‎ ‎2.We should be responsible for what we did and be a man with a sense of responsibility.(responsible)‎ ‎3.The parents decided to have the doctor operate on their son's head and the operation will have been arranged next week.(operate)‎ ‎4.I always hold the belief that we must believe in ourselves and our fate is in our own hand.(believe)‎ ‎5.My parents often impressed the importance of honesty on me when I was young, which leaves a deep impression on me.(impress)‎ ‎6.Good natural environment is vital to us. We shouldn't sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.(environment) ‎ ‎7.Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they've already been consumed. This is called rational consumption.(consume)‎ ‎8.Absorbed in his writing, the writer always forgets to eat and sleep. His ‎ 全神贯注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n．专注；吸收 absorption in work is admirable.(absorb)‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.可怕的“自然灾害”‎ ‎①flood　　　　　洪水 ‎②typhoon 台风 ‎③tsunami 海啸 ‎④tornado 龙卷风 ‎⑤sandstorm 沙尘暴 ‎⑥earthquake 地震 ‎⑦eruption (火山)喷发 ‎⑧hurricane 飓风 ‎2.帮您记“sult”易混词 ‎①consult v．　　查阅；请教 ‎②consultant n. 顾问，咨询师 ‎③insult n. 侮辱(的言行)‎ ‎④result n. 结果 ‎3．“感激”家族 ‎①appreciate ②appreciation ‎③grateful ④gratitude ‎⑤thank ⑥thankful ‎4.速记“环境”相关词 ‎①environment n．　　　环境 ‎②environmental adj. 环境的 ‎③pollution n. 污染 ‎④waste n. 废料，垃圾 ‎⑤atmosphere n. 大气层 ‎⑥natural adj. 自然的 ‎⑦haze n. 雾霾 ‎⑧fog n. 雾 ‎(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第一组 ‎1.cut_back_on　　减少，削减，缩减 ‎2.queue_up 排队等候 ‎3.pick_out 找出，挑选 ‎4.let_off 排放 ‎5.do_one's_part 尽自己的职责 ‎6.put_..._in_danger 把……置于危险之地 ‎　　In the past decades, the administration hasn't ①done_its_part in environmental conservation. Now many businessmen are willing to ②cut_back_on the production of vehicles in order to reduce to ③let_off carbon dioxide.‎ 第二组 ‎1.open_the_floor　　　　自由发言 ‎2.use_up 用尽 ‎3.run_out_(of) 用完，耗尽 ‎4.clean_up 打扫(或清除)干净 ‎5.in/with_regard_to 关于，至于 ‎6.ask_around 四处打听 ‎　　The population of the world is growing larger, and we are ①using_up natural resources. What if they ②run_out? ③In/With_regard_to the topic, we held a class meeting and all of the class ④opened_the_floor at the meeting.‎ 第三组 ‎1.under_way　　 　　　进行中 ‎2.in_particular 尤其，特别 ‎3.result_in 导致 ‎4.rely_on_..._for_... 依赖……提供……‎ ‎　　With the development of society, more and more families own their private cars, which has ①resulted_in the decline of public transport, because many people ②rely_on_ cars for transportation. Some experts ③blame the ‎ ‎5.blame_..._on_... 把……归咎于……‎ ‎6.in_use 在使用中 worsening environment on cars, and they appeal to people to use public transport more frequently. Meanwhile, more and more undergrounds will be ④in_use in the near future.‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“v.＋up”短语荟萃 ‎①turn up　　出现，到场 ‎②make up 组成；弥补；编造 ‎③pick up 捡起，拾起；学到 ‎④speed up 加速 ‎⑤link up 联合，连接 ‎⑥use up 用尽 ‎2.let 短语一览 ‎①let alone 不管；不打扰 ‎②let down 放下；使失望 ‎③let out 放出；泄露；出租 ‎④let off 排放 ‎⑤let pass 放过；不追究 ‎⑥let in 允许进入；容许 ‎3.“in＋n.”短语联想 ‎①in particular　　　尤其，特别 ‎②in turn 依次，反过来 ‎③in common 共同，共用 ‎④in detail 详细地 ‎⑤in general 普遍地，一般地 ‎⑥in use 在使用中 ‎(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant. ‎ 和我一起的，一位是来自绿色地球协会的林水清女士，另一位是商业发展顾问钱力伟先生。‎ 表示处所或方位的介词短语位于句首，且主语为名词时，句子使用完全倒装。‎ 在我们的教学楼前面矗立着两棵大树，它们使得我们的校园更加美丽。‎ In front of the teaching building stand_two_huge_trees,_which add to the beauty of our school.‎ ‎2.The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800. ‎ 世界人口比1800年已经增长了六倍。‎ ‎(2017·天津高考写作佳句)‎ 倍数表达法：倍数＋what从句。‎ 现在全运会的运动员人数是十年前的两倍多。‎ Nowadays the number of the athletes in the National Games is twice_what_it_was ten years ago.‎ ‎3.I liked it when you told that joke. ‎ like it ＋ when 我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话 我喜欢你讲的那个笑话。‎ 从句。‎ ‎——我总是太忙了，不能跟她交谈。(2016·天津高考单选) ‎ I hate_it_when she calls me at work — I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.‎ ‎4.Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.‎ 因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。‎ ‎“the＋比较级 ..., the ＋比较级 ...”表示“越……，越……”。‎ 你睡觉前摄入的脂肪越多，晚上就对你的身体造成越大的负担。(2016·四川高考阅读)‎ The_more_fat you take in before bedtime, the_greater_burden you will put on your body at night.‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　As a citizen, we should take some measures to protect our environment. Firstly, it's very essential for us to have ❶________ (责任感). Secondly, we should change our living styles, ❷and try to decrease emissions of carbon dioxide. Above all, we should try our best to cut back on the pressure of the environment in order to live a better life.‎ ‎1.①处应填入短语a_sense_of_responsibility。‎ ‎2.用非谓语形式改写②处trying_to_decrease_emissions_of_carbon_dioxide。‎ ‎1．measure n．措施，方法；尺度vt.测量；估量，判定 vi.(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为 ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中measure的含义 ‎①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them. 措施 ‎②This line measures four times as long as that one. 量度为 ‎③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. 尺度 ‎④It's difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.估量 ‎⑤Did you measure the distance between the two development zones？测量 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)be measured by/in　　　　　 用……来衡量/计算 ‎(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth.‎ ‎ 采取措施做某事 make ... to sb.'s measure 按某人的尺寸做……‎ ‎[练通重点]　完成句子 ‎⑥In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to_my_own_measure (照着我的尺寸) with Spring Festival coming.‎ ‎⑦If we had_taken_effective_measures (采取有效措施) much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now.‎ ‎⑧Education should not be_measured_purely_by/in_examination_results (单纯用考试结果来衡量). ‎ ‎[名师指津]　measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。‎ ‎2．responsibility n．责任，职责 ‎ ‎(1)have the/(a) responsibility to do ...　 有责任/有义务做……‎ bear/take (on) the responsibility for ‎ 承担对……的责任，为……负责 a sense of responsibility　 责任感 ‎(2)responsible adj. 有责任的，应负责任的 be responsible for 应对……负责；对……有责任 ‎[多角练透]‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①The court feels it has a responsibility to_ensure (ensure) that customers are not misled.‎ ‎②We should be responsible (responsibility) for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.‎ 句型转换 ‎③Police believe that the same man takes the responsibility for three other murders in the area.‎ ‎→Police believe that the same man is responsible for three other murders in the area.‎ 完成句子 ‎④If you serve your community, you will grow up to be a good citizen with a_strong_sense_of_responsibility (强烈的责任感)．‎ ‎⑤We should motivate the students into taking_the_responsibility_for (为……负责) their own work. ‎ ‎3．decrease vt. & vi.& n．减少 ‎(1)decrease to　　　　　　　 减少到 decrease by 减少了 decrease from ... to ... 从……减少到……‎ ‎(2)on the decrease 在减少 ‎[题点全练] 完成句子 ‎①Last year the number of independent firms decreased_from_198_to_96 (从198个减少到96个)．‎ ‎②To be frank with you, the population in our country is on_the_decrease (在减少)．‎ ‎③The traffic accidents in the city decreased_by_30% (减少了30%) last year.‎ ‎4．cut back on 减少，削减，缩减 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎❶cut across/through　　　 抄近路穿过 ‎❷cut in 插嘴，打断(谈话)‎ ‎❸cut off　　　　　 切断(供应)，中断(电话通话等)；断绝 ‎❹cut down 砍倒，削减，裁小 ‎❺cut up 切碎 ‎[应用领悟]‎ ‎①We cut back on spending, which meant learning a whole new way of living.‎ 我们缩减了开支，这意味着我们要过另一种全新的生活方式。‎ ‎②It is impolite of children to cut in when their seniors are talking.‎ 长辈谈话时，小孩子插嘴是不礼貌的。‎ ‎③The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.‎ 供水已被暂时切断，因为工人正在维修其中的一个主管道。‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Jenny has read a lot of books, knowing about a quantity of knowledge ranging from literature, history, astronomy to science, etc. Our classmates always appreciate her. Also, we are impressed by her willingness to listen and learn. Everyone likes ❶ ________ when she listens to others and learns from them. In short, our classmates like her very much and get along with her very well.‎ ‎1.Which is the characteristic of Jenny？( B ) ‎ A.Warmhearted.‎ B．Learned.‎ C.Reliable. D．Kind.‎ ‎2.①处应填：it。‎ ‎5．quantity n．数量 in quantity　　　　 大量地 ‎[多角练透]　‎ 单项填空 ‎①(2018·镇江高三调研)Enormous quantities of money ________ to the earthquake victims and their daily lives are gradually improving.‎ A．is being sent　　　　　 B．have sent C．has been sent D．have been sent 解析：选D　a quantity (of)，(large) quantities (of)作为主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词应由quantity的单复数形式决定；根据句意可知，send这一动作发生在are gradually improving之前，再结合四个备选项可知应用现在完成时态；又因send与enormous quantities of money之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。所以选D。‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空/完成句子 ‎②A large quantity of good earth is_washed (wash) away in this area every year.‎ ‎＝Large quantities of good earth are_washed (wash) away in this area every year.‎ ‎③We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in_quantity (大量地)．‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“许多/大量……”的短语还有：‎ ‎①a number of只接可数名词复数。‎ ‎②a great deal of, a great amount of, large amounts of只接不可数名词。‎ ‎6．range n．(变动)范围，幅度；一系列；分类；射程；山脉vt.& vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序 ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中range的含义 ‎①The houses are sold out within this price range.范围 ‎②Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.山脉 ‎③The temperature of this city ranges from ‎0 ℃‎to ‎30 ℃‎. (在一定范围内)变化 ‎④Here we have a range of products, our toys.一系列 ‎⑤These missiles have a range of 300 miles.射程 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)in/within range (of sth.)　　　 在(……的)范围内 beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在(……的)范围外 a range of 一系列的 ‎(2)range from ... to ... ＝range between ... and ...‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 在……和……范围内变化 ‎[练通重点]‎ 句型转换 ‎⑥The temperature ranges between 28 and 35 degrees centigrade in July in this city. ‎ ‎→The temperature ranges from 28 to 35 degrees centigrade in July in this city.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑦If we are beyond/out_of_range_of (在……范围之外) the signal, our phones can't be used.‎ ‎⑧In addition to these traditional activities, we have a_wider_range_of (更广泛的) choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.‎ ‎[真题印证]‎ ‎⑨(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ from butterflies to elephants.‎ A．ranging　　　　　　　　 B．range C．to range D．ranged 解析：选A　考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有大量的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空格处应使用非谓语动词，且空格处与其逻辑主语“a large collection of wildlife”之间是主动关系，故选A。‎ ‎⑩(2016·江苏高考)—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life?‎ ‎—Living every day to the full, definitely.‎ A．recipe B．record C．range D．receipt 解析：选A　句意：“你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？”“确切地说，要充实过好每一天。”A项recipe意为“秘诀”，符合语境，故选A项。‎ ‎7．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会，理解 ‎ ‎(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing 欣赏/感激……‎ I would appreciate it if ... 假如……，我将不胜感激 ‎(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 ‎[题点全练]　用所给词的适当形式填空/完成句子 ‎①I'd appreciate your writing (write) me back as soon as possible. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)‎ ‎②In this letter, I would like to convey my sincere appreciation (appreciate) to you for your ‎ assistance.‎ ‎③I really appreciate_it_if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.(2015·陕西高考满分作文)‎ 如果你能给我那样一个展示我的才艺的机会，我将感激不尽。‎ ‎8．impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记，使牢记 ‎(1)impress sb. with sth.　　　 某事给某人留下深刻印象 impress sth. on/upon sb./one's memory (mind)‎ ‎ 使某人对某事有印象/使某人铭记某事 be impressed with/by/at ... 对……印象深刻 ‎(2)impression n. 印象 leave/make an impression on sb. 　　 给某人留下印象 ‎(3)impressive adj.　 令人赞叹的；令人难忘的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 介词填空 ‎①The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw him.‎ ‎②My father impressed the importance of honesty on/upon me.‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎③It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.‎ ‎④Among his many good qualities, punctuality is the most_impressive (impress) one.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑤Their honesty and hospitality leave_an_unforgettable_impression (留下难忘的印象) on her life.‎ ‎⑥We will be_impressed_with/at/by (对……印象深刻) the newly learnt words only if they are frequently used in everyday communication.‎ ‎9．it作形式宾语 ‎[教材原句]　I liked_it_when you told that joke.‎ 我喜欢听你讲那个笑话。‎ ‎(1)在表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要先接形式宾语it，然后再接真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等。‎ ‎(2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后接真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on, rely on, see to (确保)等。‎ ‎①I dislike/hate_it_when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.‎ 我不喜欢被单独留下来和一个陌生人聊天。‎ ‎②I don't like_it_when the weather gets really cold.‎ 当天气变得太冷的时候我就不喜欢了。‎ ‎③I will see_to_it that everything is ready in time.‎ 我会保证任何事情都会及时准备就绪。‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Some student volunteers, ❶including me went to the flooded area to do assistance work. Having known the supplies were ❷running_out,_we donated money, food and clothes to help the victims. There, we did many things, in particular some psychological comfort.❸________ (令我们极为宽慰的是), the victims didn't give up and held the belief that their life would be better and better.‎ ‎1.①处including me意为“包括我”，等同于me included。‎ ‎2.用同义短语替换②处短语giving_out。‎ ‎3.补全③处内容To_our_great_relief/Much_to_our_relief。‎ ‎10．flood n．洪水，水灾；大批，大量vt.(被)淹没vi.泛滥；大量涌入；涌上心头 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中flood的词性和含义 ‎①The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their home. vt.(被)淹没 ‎②Hadn't the reservoir been built, there would have been a terrible flood.n.洪水，水灾 ‎③If a river floods, it is too full and spreads water over the land around it.vi.泛滥 ‎④They could suddenly afford to buy household goods thanks to a flood of imports from another country.n.大批，大量 ‎⑤I felt happiness and relief flooding over me after my son came home from the front.vi.涌上心头 ‎11．particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的 ‎(1)be particular about　　　　 对……讲究/挑剔 in particular 尤其，特别 ‎(2)particularly adv. 尤其，特别 ‎[多角练透]　‎ 单项填空 ‎①(2018·扬州高三调研)Recent studies have discovered that fathers uniquely contribute to the development of their children, ________ in lowincome families.‎ A．specially　　　 　　　　 B．definitely C．specifically D．particularly 解析：选D　句意：最近的研究发现，父亲对孩子的成长有独特的作用。对于低收入家庭来说尤其如此。specially“特别地，专门地”，强调目的性；definitely“明确地，确切地”；specifically“具体地”；particularly“特别，尤其”。particularly与especially的用法相似，可用作插入语，对后面陈述的内容进行强调。故答案为D。‎ 介词填空 ‎②It is known that the British are rather particular about table manners.‎ ‎③It was a good concert — I enjoyed the last song in particular.‎ ‎12．belief n．看法；信念 beyond belief　　　　　　　 难以置信 have a belief in 相信 hold the belief that ... 持有……信心 ‎[题点全练]　完成句子 ‎①We have_a_sincere_belief_in (由衷地相信) the power of art to enhance human life. ‎ ‎②It's beyond_belief (难以置信) that a 14yearold girl could break the provincial high jump record.‎ ‎③Poor as he was in math, he didn't give up, because he held_the_belief_that (持有……信心) diligence makes up for the deficiency.‎ ‎13．run out (of) 用完，耗尽 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎❶run into　　　　　　　 撞进；遭遇；达到 ‎❷run across 偶然遇到；穿过 ‎❸run after 追求；追赶，追逐 ‎❹run away 逃离；突然离开 ‎[应用领悟]‎ ‎①If you run after two hares, you'll catch neither.‎ ‎(谚)脚踏两条船，必定落空。‎ ‎②I ran across some old letters while I was clearing out a cupboard.‎ 我在清理柜子时偶然发现了一些以前的信件。‎ ‎③Some factories are reported to have stopped production, having run out of raw materials.‎ 据报道，一些工厂已停止了生产产品，因为原材料已被用完。‎ ‎[辨析比较]‎ run out ‎“用完，耗尽”，不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等 run out of ‎“用完”，及物动词短语，其主语一般为人 give out ‎“耗尽，用完”，不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物 use up ‎“用光，用完”，及物动词短语，其主语一般为人 ‎ 选用上述词语填空 According to the rule of the competition, we have to use_up all the items before the time runs_out. However, it is a long and tiring process. As a result, that day, long before I ran_out_of the time given by the judge, my strength had given_out. What a disappointment! ‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　There may be some conflicts when you have many things to deal with. You should pick out the more important things to do. Besides, when you are up to something, ❶the more absorbed you are in doing it, the fewer mistakes you will make. You should make sure you can operate continuously and force ❷________ yourself to focus it.‎ ‎1.①处句子结构为the＋比较级_．..，the＋比较级_．..，意为越……，越……。‎ ‎2.②处应填：on。‎ ‎14．conflict vi.冲突，抵触n.冲突；矛盾；分歧 ‎ ‎[题点全练]　介词填空 ‎①If your schedule conflicts with life's schedule, life will win out.‎ ‎②She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.‎ ‎③It is reported that some workers on strike come into conflict with the police.‎ ‎15．absorb vt.吸收(气体、液体、热、光等)；理解；使全神贯注 ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中absorb的含义 ‎①This work had absorbed him for several years, and finally he won a good reputation for his work.使全神贯注 ‎②Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.吸收 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention ‎　　　　　　　　　 吸引某人的注意 absorb ... into ... 把……吸收进……‎ absorb oneself in ... 全神贯注于 ‎(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 ‎(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎[练通重点]‎ 单项填空 ‎③(2018·连云港高三模拟)When I opened the door, I found my mother seated in her chair, completely ________ in a magazine.‎ A．absorbing　　　　　　　 B．absorbed C．being absorbed D．to absorb 解析：选B　句意：当我打开门时，我发现母亲正坐在椅子上，全神贯注地读杂志。be absorbed in ...“全神贯注于……”，此处用其过去分词形式，与seated共同作宾语补足语。‎ 完成句子 ‎④A good book could absorb_our_attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings.‎ 一本好书能如此完全吸引我们的注意力，以至于我们暂时忘掉了周围的环境。‎ 句式升级 ‎⑤The singer was absorbed in his singing.The singer forgot to have his lunch.(用过去分词作状语合并句子)‎ ‎→Absorbed_in_his_singing,_the_singer_forgot_to_have_his_lunch.‎ ‎[联想发散]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似用法的还有：‎ ‎①be lost in ...　　　　　　 陷入……；专心致志于……‎ ‎②be caught/trapped in ... 被困在……‎ ‎③be buried in ... 埋头于……‎ ‎④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……‎ ‎⑤be occupied in... 忙于……‎ ‎⑥be involved in ... 专注于……‎ ‎16．operate vt.经营，管理；操作vi.动手术；运转；见效，起作用 ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中operate的含义 ‎①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly.运转 ‎②It's too difficult for him to operate this new complex machine.操作 ‎③My father is a doctor. He operated a patient on the head last night.动手术 ‎④The medicine will quickly operate on such patients.起作用 ‎⑤They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.经营 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)operate on sb. (for ...)　　 (因某病)给某人动手术 ‎(2)operation n. 运转，运行；操作 come/go into operation 生效，实行 be in operation 运转中，实施中 operator n. 操作员；接线员 ‎[练通重点]‎ 用operate的适当形式填空 ‎⑥He dialed the operator and put in a call to Rome.‎ ‎⑦The new rules will come into operation from next week.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑧The patient was in great danger, so the doctors decided to operate_on_him_immediately_for_his_heart_disease (立刻给他动手术治心脏病)．‎ ‎⑨It is said that some new rules will_come/go_into_operation_next_month (将下个月生效)．‎ ‎⑩Protective clothing must be worn when_the_machine_is_in_operation (机器运转时)．‎ ‎17．pick out 找出，挑选；辨认出，区分；领会，弄明白 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中pick out的含义 ‎①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.挑选 ‎②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick him out.辨认出 ‎③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.领会 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ pick up　拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接；收听到；好转；感染 ‎④It was surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.‎ 令人惊奇的是，你弟弟如此快就学会说俄语了——他在那儿生活的时间并不长。‎ ‎[真题印证]‎ ‎⑤(2017·江苏高考)Working with the medical team in Africa has ________ the best in her as a doctor.‎ A．held out B．brought out C．picked out D．given out 解析：选B　考查动词短语。句意：在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。bring out“使显现，使表现出”，符合句意。hold out“伸出手(或胳膊)，维持，坚持”；pick out“挑选出，辨认出”；give out“分发”。‎ ‎18．the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...‎ ‎[教材原句]　Therefore, the_more petrol and electricity we consume, the_more carbon we are letting off.‎ 因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，排放的碳就越多。‎ ‎“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型，其用法如下：‎ ‎(1)意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。‎ ‎(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。‎ ‎(3)此结构可以用省略形式。‎ ‎①The_more you know, the_more you will realize how little you know.‎ 你知道得越多，越会体会到自己知道得多么有限。‎ ‎②The more difficult the questions are, the_less_likely he is to answer them.‎ 问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。‎ ‎③The_more_you_practise,_the better you will speak English.‎ 你英语练得越多，就会说得越好。‎ ‎④The_more,_the better.‎ 多多益善。 ‎ ‎ [单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．I appreciated (欣赏) your generosity in the matter.‎ ‎2．Right now, the government should take powerful measures (措施) to push the state's economy forward.‎ ‎3．Toy sales peaked just before Christmas and now are decreasing (减少)．‎ ‎4．There are, of course, questions which she will not be willing (愿意) to answer.‎ ‎5．Imbalance in global development has widened. International and local conflicts (冲突) keep breaking out.‎ ‎6．The trees on the mountains within my range (范围) of vision had all been felled.‎ ‎7．He is very particular (挑剔的) about the materials for the decoration.‎ ‎8．We debated (辩论) for several hours on it before taking a vote.‎ ‎9．If we learn to recycle (回收利用) materials, our natural resources will last longer.‎ ‎10．This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities (数量)．‎ ‎11．Many streams have flooded (淹没) their banks, making some roads impassable.‎ ‎12．Each year Americans consume (消耗) a high percentage of the world's energy.‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎1．The new bridge under construction, ________ twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.‎ A．measures　　　 　 　　　 B．measuring C．measured D．to measure 解析：选B　句意：在建设中的新大桥，经测量桥长是原来旧桥的两倍，预计在下个月完工。measure作“度量为”讲时是连系动词，故应用现在分词作bridge的定语。‎ ‎2．After the big job was finished, the builder ________ the number of men working for him.‎ A．cut off B．cut back on C．cut up D．cut in 解析：选B　句意：重要的工作结束后， 建造者减少了为他工作的人数。cut off“切断”；cut up“切碎”；cut in“插嘴”；cut back on“减少，缩减”。‎ ‎3．For an artist who has no lack of passion and great courage to overcome any difficulty, inspirations of his art will never ________.‎ A．break out B．run out C．work out D．pull out 解析：选B　句意：对于一个不缺少激情和战胜任何困难的勇气的艺术家来说，他的艺术灵感将永远不会枯竭。run out“用完，耗尽”，符合句意。break out“爆发”；work out“计算，解决”；pull out“驶出，脱离”。‎ ‎4．To our surprise, we got ________ people to attend the meeting as we expected.‎ A．as twice B．twice many C．twice many as D．twice as many 解析：选D　句意：令我们惊讶的是，出席会议的人数是我们预期的两倍。分析句子及选项可知，此处考查的是倍数表达法，其形式为：A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词原级＋as＋B。故选D项。‎ ‎5．(2018·苏北四市模拟)The educational expert's speech ________ a new round of consultation from parents about children's domestic education. ‎ A．put off B．left off C．let off D．kicked off 解析：选D　句意：教育专家的演讲开启了新一轮家长咨询孩子家庭教育的高潮。put off“推迟”；leave off“停止，中断，遗漏”；let off“排放”；kick off“开始”。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎6．Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated ________ among citizens.‎ A．debate B．belief C．opinion D．consultant 解析：选A　句意：最近，一项在两个不同的超市比较同类商品价格的调查引起了市民的热烈讨论。debate“辩论，讨论”，符合句意。‎ ‎7．We are eager to raise people's awareness about our environment in ________ and water pollution in ________ because more and more people are lacking clean fresh water.‎ A．particular; general B．common; particular C．average; common D．general; particular 解析：选D　句意：我们渴望普遍提高人们的环保意识，尤其是与水污染相关的，因为越来越多的人得不到干净的淡水。in particular“特别，尤其”；in general“总体上”；in common“共同的”；on average“平均”。‎ ‎8．You can't expect John and Jane will have different opinions. When one of them makes any proposal, the other will readily ________.‎ A．compromise B．consent C．conflict D．consult 解析：选B　句意：你不能指望约翰和简会有不同意见。当一个人提出一个建议的时候，另一个人肯定会赞成。compromise“妥协，让步”；consent“赞成，准许”；conflict“冲突”；consult“咨询”。根据句意可知选B。‎ Ⅲ.翻译句子 ‎1．如果我星期天不用早起的话，我很高兴。(prefer it if)‎ I'd_prefer_it_if_I_didn't_have_to_get_up_early_on_Sundays.‎ ‎2．你越接近大自然，就越能欣赏它的美。‎ ‎ (the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...)‎ The_closer_you_stay_to_nature,_the_more_you_will_appreciate_her_beauty.‎ ‎3．那位新老师以其幽默的语言给同学们留下了很好的印象。‎ ‎(leave/make a good impression on)‎ The_new_teacher_left/made_a_good_impression_on_the_students_by_his_humorous_language.‎ ‎4．从书店借来书之后，他便沉浸在这些书中。(be absorbed in)‎ ‎_He_was_absorbed_in_the_books_after_borrowing_them_from_the_bookshop.‎ ‎5．很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。(pick out)‎ It's_easy_to_pick_him_out_in_a_crowd_because_he_is_very_tall.‎ Ⅳ.课文段落大意概括 阅读本单元Project部分，试着以约30个词概括第一篇课文“Protecting the Yangtze River”第一、二段(P38，L1－11)总的段落大意。‎ The pollution of the Yangtze River is getting more and more serious. Fish and wildlife living in or along the river are in great danger. Many people now know it important to protect the river.‎ ‎[高考提能训练] ‎ 检测评价A卷 Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．(2018·扬州模拟)This policy, which used to be very successful, is a ________， though it no longer meets the needs of the current situation.‎ A．sacred cow B．Pandora's box C．Mickey Mouse course D．good Samaritan 解析：选A　句意：这项过去非常成功的政策，尽管不再适应现状的需求，但仍然是不可动摇的。sacred cow“圣牛(印度教等的)；不可批评的人(思想或事物)”；Pandora's box“潘多拉盒子；灾难之源”；Mickey Mouse course“容易的课程”；good Samaritan“心地慈善的人，乐善好施的人”。‎ ‎2．(2018·苏锡常镇模拟)Mr Simmons always tries to make me in mind that how much easier my life ________ if I were better organized.‎ A．will be B．would have been C．would be D．will have been 解析：选C　句意：西蒙斯先生总是尽力让我牢记如果我安排妥当的话生活就会变得非常容易。本句是对现在情况的虚拟，故从句用一般过去时，主句用would do。‎ ‎3．Some villagers reported a huge snake，________ over two metres long, was found dead in a nearby cave.‎ A．measuring B．being measured C．measured D．to be measured 解析：选A　measure “(指尺寸、长短、数量等)度量为”，是不及物动词，所以用动词ing形式充当定语，修饰a huge snake。‎ ‎4．Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.‎ A．mustn't allow B．do not allow C．not allow D．couldn't allow 解析：选C　句意：老师建议父母出于安全考虑不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去上学。recommend后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。C选项省略了should。‎ ‎5．Look, heavy clouds are gathering. A terrible storm is________.You should take an umbrella with you on the way to school.‎ A．under way B．in the way C．by the way D．in a way 解析：选A　句意：看，乌云在聚集。一场可怕的暴风雨就要来了。你应该随身带一把伞去学校。under way“正在进行，展开”；in the way“挡路”；by the way“顺便说一声”；in a way“在某种程度上”。根据句意可知选A。‎ ‎6．(2018·江苏高考考前冲刺)This is the Human Resources Department, ________ you made a good impression in your interview. Otherwise, you ________ be here now.‎ A．which; aren't B．where; wouldn't C．that; wouldn't D．in which; won't 解析：选B　第一空格前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，排除C项；从句不缺少主语或宾语，排除A项；先行词指的是地点，in which在此相当于where；由otherwise可知，第二空是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故用wouldn't。‎ ‎7．In the competition, she ________ the judges with both knowledge and excellent performance, and eventually won the championship.‎ A．defeated B．attracted C．overcame D．impressed 解析：选D　句意：在比赛中，她以渊博的知识和精彩的表现给裁判们留下了深刻印象，最后获得了冠军。impress“使印象深刻”，符合句意。defeat“击败”；attract“吸引”；overcome“克服”。‎ ‎8．I would greatly appreciate ________ if you send me the application forms as soon as possible.‎ A．it B．that C．you D．one 解析：选A　句意：你若尽快寄来申请表格，我将不胜感激。I'd appreciate it if ...“如果……我将非常感激”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是if引导的从句。‎ ‎9．—Don't worry, I am sure the doctor will be here in time.‎ ‎—But what if he ________？ It's going to rain and it's getting dark.‎ A．won't come B．doesn't come C．isn't coming D．wouldn't come 解析：选B　what if引导的是个条件句，要用一般现在时。如果出现在复合句中，条件句要用一般现在时，主句用将来时。‎ ‎10．The people urged their government to take measures to ________ their carbondioxide emission to reduce greenhouse effect.‎ A．cut off B．cut up C．cut out D．cut down 解析：选D　句意：人们敦促政府采取措施减少二氧化碳排放以减少温室效应。cut down“降低，削减”，符合句意。cut off“切断”；cut up“切碎”；cut out“裁剪；(马达或发动机)突然熄火，停止运转”。‎ ‎11．—Dad, why is it important to have friends?‎ ‎—Whenever you have difficulties, friends are always there lending you their hands.‎ ‎—________.‎ A．No problem B．Got it C．All right D．Good idea 解析：选B　句意：“爸爸，为什么有朋友很重要呢？”“无论什么时候你有困难，朋友总是在那儿向你提供帮助。”“我明白了。”根据句意可知，应填got it表示“明白了，懂了”。 no problem“没问题”；all right“好吧”；good idea“好主意”。‎ ‎12．Smiling, more often than not, is a good way to avoid any possible ________ in our daily life.‎ A．explanation B．debate C．fault D．conflict 解析：选D　句意：在我们日常生活中，微笑通常是一种能避免任何可能的冲突的好方式。explanation“解释”；debate“辩论”；fault“错误”；conflict“冲突”。由句意可知选D。‎ ‎13．(2018·苏北四市模拟)So large is the Pacific，________ 30% of the earth's surface, that the energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes.‎ A．covered B．covering C．having covered D．being covered 解析：选B　现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随动作或状态，其与句子主语the Pacific之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。‎ ‎14．Whenever we disagree, our teacher always suggests that we ________ the problems with each other.‎ A．quarrel B．fight C．debate D．argue 解析：选C　句意：有不同意见时，老师建议我们相互辩论(debate)。quarrel“争吵”；argue“争论”，后跟about或者over sth.with sb.。‎ ‎15．(2018·江苏常熟高三质检)There are now signs, following the decline in house prices in many small and mediumsized cities, ________ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.‎ A．that B．where C．which D．what 解析：选A ‎　句意：现在有迹象表明，随着许多中小城市房价下跌，各大城市的房价也可能出现下滑。同位语从句，先行词是signs(迹象)，从句中不缺少任何成分，所以用连接词that引导该同位语从句，故选A。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 It's the American dream — getting married, buying a home, and settling down to have children. Everyone knows that parenthood is one of the great joys of life and that it__1__ greatly to one's happiness and sense of wellbeing. But in that __2__， everyone may be wrong. Research shows that not only does having children not__3__ produce increased happiness, but it may actually __4__ it.‎ Sociologist Robin Simon, who studied thousands of American families, __5__ her findings this way: “Parents experience lower levels of emotional wellbeing, less frequent positive emotions and more frequent__6__emotions than their childless peers (同龄人). In fact, no group of parents — married, __7__， step or even empty nest — reported greater emotional wellbeing than people who__8__ had children.”‎ Of course, parenthood is not without its rewards. __9__lower levels of happiness, parents also report more purpose, more meaning, and eventually more __10__ with life than nonparents. But research data do not show that children bring greater happiness to their parents.‎ Why, then, does the belief that children bring great happiness persist (继续存在)? One possible reason is that we learn them from our __11__. People who believe that parenting is a satisfying, lifeimproving experience are more likely to have children than people who don't. The former group has more children to whom to __12__ their beliefs, while the latter group's less rosy prospect (前景) is less likely to get conveyed to the next generation.‎ Another reason for people's continued __13__ in the joys of parenting has to do with selective recall. When people think of __14__ of their parenting experiences, they are likely to focus on the __15__ rare best of times: a baby's first words or first smile, a fun day at the park, or graduation day. The __16__ of parenthood－nighttime feedings, dirty diapers, fighting siblings (兄弟姐妹) , and so forth－may be much more common but tend to withdraw into the background when parents reflect back on the experience.‎ ‎__17__ when parents are asked whether having children enriches their lives, they tend to __18__ definitely. But when parents' current sense of wellbeing is actually __19__ at various points in time, the truth appears: parents are not actually happier than people who do not have children, and on some occasions the parents actually seem to do __20__. On any given day, parents have fewer freedoms but more worries to deal with than do their childless peers.‎ 语篇解读：对于已婚夫妇而言，是养育子女的人生更幸福呢，还是不要孩子的人生更快乐？‎ ‎1．A.appeals　　　　　　　　 B．subscribes C．contributes D．corresponds 解析：选C　每个人都知道为人父母是人生的快乐之一，而且极大地促进了人们的快乐和幸福感。contribute to 意为“促进，有助于”；appeal to 意为“吸引，迎合”；subscribe to意为“订阅；同意，赞成”；correspond to 意为“与……一致，相符”。‎ ‎2．A.case B．regard C．way D．opinion 解析：选B　但是在那方面，每个人可能都错了。regard意为“方面”；case意为“情况，情形”；way意为“方式，方法”；opinion意为“观点，看法”。‎ ‎3．A.necessarily B．possibly C．normally D．reasonably 解析：选A　研究表明生孩子不仅未必会产生额外的幸福感。necessarily 意为“必要地，必然地”；possibly意为“可能，也许”；normally意为“正常地，常规地”；reasonably意为“合理地，有道理地”。not necessarily意为“未必，不一定”。‎ ‎4．A.remove B．accumulate C．influence D．reduce 解析：选D　根据上文的“produce increased happiness”和前面的but可知，而且事实上还可能减少幸福感。reduce意为“减少，降低”；remove 意为“移动，去除”；accumulate意为“积累，聚积”；influence意为“影响”。‎ ‎5．A.explored B．commented C．summarized D．addressed 解析：选C　研究过成百上千个美国家庭的社会学家鲁宾·西蒙是这样总结她的研究结果的。summarize意为“总结，概括”；explore意为“探索，勘探”；comment意为“评论，发表意见”；address意为“向……讲话；处理，对付”。‎ ‎6．A.negative B．objective C．mixed D．changeable 解析：选A　根据上文的“less frequent positive emotions”可知，父母比没有孩子的同龄人经历更低的情绪幸福感，更少的积极情绪以及更多的消极情绪。negative 意为“消极的，负面的”；objective意为“客观的”；mixed意为“混合的，混杂的”；changeable意为“易变的，变化多的”。‎ ‎7．A.poor B．independent C．responsible D．single 解析：选D　事实上，无论是双亲家庭、单亲家庭、养父母家庭，还是空巢家庭，没有一组父母觉得自己比那些没有子女的人幸福到哪儿去。single意为“单身的，未婚的”；poor意为“贫困的，贫穷的”；independent意为“独立的，自立的”；responsible意为“负责的，承担责任的”。‎ ‎8．A.seldom B．almost C．already D．never 解析：选D　根据上文的“their childless peers”可知，这里指那些没有孩子的人。never意为“从未”；seldom意为“很少”；almost意为“几乎”； already意为“已经”。‎ ‎9．A.In spite of B．In addition to C．Regardless of D．Apart from 解析：选A　尽管幸福水平更低，但报告显示父母们还是比没有孩子的人更有目标、活得更有意义并且最终对人生更满意。in spite of 意为“尽管，虽然”；in addition to意为“除了……还有……”；regardless of 意为“不管，不顾”；apart from意为“除了……还有……”。‎ ‎10．A.disappointment B．satisfaction C．agreement D．discomfort 解析：选B　根据上文的“more purpose, more meaning”可知，父母们比没有孩子的人最终对人生更满意。 satisfaction意为“满足，满意”；disappointment意为“失望，扫兴 ”；agreement意为“协议，合约”；discomfort意为“不舒服，不适”。‎ ‎11．A.peers B．parents C．friends D．teachers 解析：选B　一个可能的原因是我们从我们的父母那里了解到这些。parents意为“父母”；peer意为“同辈，同龄人”；friend意为“朋友”；teacher意为“老师”。‎ ‎12．A.hold on B．carry on ‎ C．pass on D．rely on 解析：选C　根据下文的“get conveyed to the next generation”可知，前一组人可以向更多的孩子传递他们的观点。 pass on 意为“传递”；hold on意为“抓紧，坚持”；carry on 意为“继续，进行，经营”；rely on意为“依靠，依赖”。‎ ‎13．A.faith B．dream C．honor D．pride 解析：选A　人们一直相信为人父母快乐的另一个原因与选择性记忆有关。faith意为“信心，信仰，信任”；dream意为“梦想”；honor意为“荣誉，荣幸”；pride意为“骄傲，自豪”。‎ ‎14．A.troubles B．theories C．memories D．impressions 解析：选C　根据上文的selective recall可知，当人们回想起他们为人父母的经历时，他们可能……。memory意为“回忆，记忆”；trouble意为“麻烦，烦恼”；theory意为“理论”；impression意为“印象”。‎ ‎15．A.evidently B．slightly C．perfectly D．relatively 解析：选D　他们可能专注于相对少有的美好时光。relatively意为“相对地，比较起来”；evidently意为“明显地，显而易见地”；slightly意为“稍微，略微”；perfectly意为“完美地；十足地，完全地”。‎ ‎16．A.reliefs B．rewards C．stresses D．shortcomings 解析：选C　夜间喂奶、脏尿布、打架的兄弟姐妹等等之类的为人父母的压力可能更常见，但是当父母们回想起这些经历时他们往往已经退居幕后。stress意为“压力”；relief意为“宽慰，减轻”；reward意为“奖赏，报答”；shortcoming 意为“缺点，短处”。‎ ‎17．A.So B．Or C．But D．Though 解析：选A　所以当父母们被问及生孩子是否会充实他们的生活时。so意为“因此，所以”；or意为“或者，否则”；but意为“但是”；though意为“尽管，虽然”。‎ ‎18．A.deny B．contradict C．respond D．agree 解析：选C　根据上文的“when parents are asked”可知，他们往往会作出肯定的回答。respond意为“回答，回应”；deny意为“否认，拒绝承认”；contradict意为“与……矛盾；反驳，驳斥”；agree意为“同意，答应”。‎ ‎19．A.measured B．determined C．balanced D．challenged 解析：选A　但事实上当父母们目前的幸福感在不同的时间进行衡量时，事实就显现出来。measure意为“衡量，测量”；determine意为“决定，下定决心”；balance意为“平衡”；challenge意为“挑战，质疑”。‎ ‎20．A.better B．worse C．less D．more 解析：选B　根据上文的“not actually happier”可知，父母们事实上没有无子女的人快乐，而且有时父母们事实上似乎表现得更糟糕。worse意为“更糟糕的，更差的”；better意为“更好的”；less意为“更少的”；more意为“更多的”。‎ Ⅲ.任务型阅读 Luck isn't some mysterious force. “To a very large extent, we are responsible for much of the good fortune that we encounter，” says Richard Wiseman, PhD, a professor of psychology and the author of The Luck Factor. Here, some of the traits that separate fortunate folks from the selfproclaimed unlucky.‎ Expect good things When people feel lucky, it tilts the scales of serendipity in their favor. “Their expectations become selffulfilling prophecies，” says Wiseman. Researchers at New York University discovered that students who believed that they would get a date were significantly more likely to win over the object of their desire.‎ The simple explanation: selfassurance. If you believe that you'll do well, you'll be more motivated. Feeling lucky might even help you win a prize at a charity dinner: The more optimistic you are about your chances, the more raffle tickets you'll probably buy. Not a Pollyanna by nature? Lucky charms can work by boosting confidence.‎ Court chance ‎ Lucky people cultivate lots of friends and acquaintances. In one study, Wiseman showed participants a list of last names and asked them to indicate if they were on a firstname basis with at least one person with each surname. Of subjects who considered themselves lucky, nearly 50 percent ticked eight names or more. Only 25 percent of unlucky people could. “Lucky people talk to lots of people, attract people to them, and keep in touch，” Wiseman says. “These habits result in a ‘network of luck’ creating potential for fortuitous connections.”‎ Colleen Seifert, PhD, a cognitive scientist at the University of Michigan, advises getting out of an everyday rut: Attend a conference, work a political fundraiser, or sign up for scuba lessons. “Throwing a little chaos into your life opens you up to a chance encounter，” she says. That person could end up being your soul mate, business partner — or someone you chat with for five minutes and never see again. The goal is to stay open to possibilities.‎ Look for silver linings Finding value in bad luck can help your brain process situations differently, according to Tania Luna, coauthor of Surprise: Embrace the Unpredictable and Engineer the Unexpected. Luna showed kids emotionally intense images — like a boy crying — while measuring activity in their brains. Then she showed them again with a reassuring explanation, like “This boy has just been reunited with his mom.” Their brains showed a dramatic drop in activity in the amygdala, which processes fear. Lucky people are similarly able to transform a stumbling block into a positive event, which helps them keep taking chances. Face your next setback with these questions: What have I learned? What do I want now? How can I get it?‎ Trust your gut Elizabeth B. will never forget her luckiest moment: She was driving to New York from Pennsylvania when something told her to buy a lotto ticket. After she pulled over, a terrible accident occurred：“A pickup crossed into my lane and crashed into a guardrail. If I hadn't stopped, my car would have been totaled.” Maybe Elizabeth's pit stop was a fortuitous fluke. Or maybe her intuition had warned her to get away from an erratic driver. She can't be sure. But we process far more visual information and sensory details than we consciously realize, which can lead to instincts we can't explain.‎ In a British study, subjects played a game with cards from four decks while their heart rates were monitored. Folks didn't know the game was rigged: Two decks were stacked with highvalue cards, two with bad cards. The players' heart rates dipped when they went near the highvalue decks — their bodies had identified the difference before their minds were aware. So trust your instincts. Lucky people are more apt to do things to tune in to their inner voice, like meditating and taking walks.‎ Passage outline Supporting details Theme Luck is far from mysterious. Whether you are lucky is (1)________ on yourself.‎ ‎(2)______to becoming lucky Expect good things ‎•People who have good expectations are more (3)________ to get what they want.Your confidence will boost more (4)________， which makes you close to good things.‎ Court chance ‎•Making the (5)________ of more people and taking part in various events can assure you of luck. ‎ ‎•Stay open to any (6)________ of making a chance encounter.‎ Look for silver linings ‎•In face of bad luck, you're supposed to find value in it, which helps you look at the matter from a different (7)________．‎ ‎•Those who have the (8)________ to transform from inferior to superior can take chances.‎ Trust your gut ‎•Visual information and sensory details are often processed even though we aren't (9)________ of them. ‎ ‎•We should trust instincts while we can't give them a reasonable (10)________.‎ 答案：1.dependent　2.Approaches　3.likely　4.motivation　5.acquaintance　6.possibility/possibilities/potential ‎7．angle　8.ability/capacity　9.conscious/aware ‎10．explanation 检测评价B卷 阅读理解 A Yuletide (圣诞节) Brunch With Dickens ‎ Thursday, December 8, 10：00 am－1：00 pm Join us for a special brunch featuring delicious foods free from much salt and fat, soft beverages, and a special appearance of Gerald Charles Dickens! Reservations and advance payment are required.＄30 per person.More information can be found by calling 8004483883.‎ Yuletide Brunch With Santa December 17&18, 9：00 am－2：00 pm Santa will appear in the morning. ＄35 per person. Children, ages 2 to 12, half off; children under 2 are free. Members receive 10% discount on parties of up to four. For reservations, call 3028884826. ‎ About Glass Matters Wine Seminar and Tasting Hosted by Riedel, the wine glass company ‎ Wednesday, December 14, 6：30 pm－7：30 pm，Brown Horticulture Learning Center Join us for a unique and fascinating wine seminar featuring Riedel crystal and delicious wine. Our speaker will demonstrate how the shape of the glass influences our enjoyment of the wine. Price includes comparative tasting of four different wines and four crystal glasses from Riedel's Veritas Collection to take home (a retail value of ＄138). The option to purchase more wine glasses sets at special pricing：＄80 per member；＄90 per nonmember. Purchase tickets online or by calling 8004843283. Tickets to this event include admission to Yuletide Jazz & Wine in the Galleries Reception Atrium on that evening.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三个活动，在这些活动中，人们可以品尝美食，与圣诞老人互动，品尝美酒等。‎ ‎1．How much would four adults pay for attending Yuletide Brunch With Santa?‎ A．＄31.5.　　　　　 B．＄35.‎ C．＄126. D．＄140.‎ 解析：选C　数字计算题。根据“Yuletide Brunch With Santa”部分可知，该活动的门票价格是每人35美元，团购人数达到4人时，可享受9折优惠。因此，4个成年人需要支付126美元(35美元×4×0.9)。‎ ‎2．What can people do when attending About Glass Matters Wine Seminar and Tasting?‎ A．Enjoy the performance of Santa.‎ B．Taste all kinds of different wines.‎ C．Appreciate Gerald Charles Dickens.‎ D．Learn how glasses influence the taste of the wine.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“About Glass Matters Wine Seminar and Tasting”部分中的“Our speaker will demonstrate how the shape of the glass influences our enjoyment of the wine.”可知，该活动的发言人会讲解杯子的形状怎样影响了酒的风味。‎ B First of all, I believe that in order to get something we must be willing to give. And it works with love, too. The more of it you give away, the more you get it back from others. ‎ Secondly, I am convinced that love is not only a feeling, it is also an attitude. So, if you want to attract love into your life, you must be willing to think about it and welcome it.‎ Most people would not agree with me on that. They would say that they do think about it more than anything else. But what kind of state are you in when you think about it? Most ladies when they turn 24－30 become hopeless. They tell themselves and sometimes others that they are missing the chance and most probably will never get married. Their focus is in the wrong area. This only strengthens their disappointment and doubts.‎ Thirdly, you have to learn how to love yourself. Too many people hate themselves. How can they expect that others will love them? You change the focus by looking at how wonderfully God made you. You are beautiful in his eyes and you must love yourself.‎ Fourthly, love comes when you learn how to forgive others. Do not keep hate in your heart for it will destroy your ability to receive and give love. Try to forgive the person or people who have offended (冒犯) you.‎ Fifthly, do some love actions. Very often love is there, but you have to express it. Do something good for other people. Do something nice for the person whom you have warm feelings for. Do not rely only on thoughts and words. Move to actions and love will be there.‎ So I do believe that thoughts on love can inspire you to have the most desirable quality of life in the world.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。生活中，每个人都想得到爱，但如何得到呢？对此，作者提出了五条建议。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?‎ A．Giving love much thought.‎ B．Feeling love in your heart.‎ C．Getting love sooner or later.‎ D．Welcoming any love coming to you.‎ 解析：选A　代词指代题。根据第二段最后一句中的“you must be willing to think about it and welcome it”和第三段第二句可猜测，此处that指多思考关于爱的问题，故选A项。‎ ‎4．To get the love we desire, we should ________.‎ A．expect others to love us B．help those in need C．never offend others D．express love with actions 解析：选D ‎　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，要想获得爱，我们必须用行动表达爱，故选D项。‎ ‎5．What's the purpose of the author in writing the text?‎ A．To give some advice on how to get love.‎ B．To explain the meaning of love.‎ C．To stress the importance of love.‎ D．To compare “give” with “receive”．‎ 解析：选A　写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者主要提出了五条获得爱的建议，帮助我们提高生活品质，故选A项。‎ C Going Green For career changers thinking about growth and advancement potential, forget the bluecollar and whitecollar categories: Green is the way to go. According to Bracken Hendricks, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Progress, careers that promote environmental responsibility will become main stream within a decade. “The growth in green careers will be like the Internet Boom, which not only created new jobs, but also had an influence on the overall economy，” he says.‎ The increasing environmental problems and need for ecofriendly products and services are creating a new job section of greencollar jobs. Many countries of the world have realized the importance and need for energysaving products and services. It is expected that by 2025 about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be of greencollar jobs. Doesn't the data look promising for the future?‎ Greencollar jobs have become a bright career chances for all. And jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmental manager to gardener. For example, many countries including the United States have understood that fossil fuels have negative effect on the environment which can later become a serious danger to mankind. As a result, possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to satisfy demands in a better way. The increasing demand of newer resources has been creating the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways to deal with the ongoing needs. In addition, in order to meet the increasing demands of environmentfriendly equipment, both green product designer and educated and trained workers are needed. Management of environmental organizations also demands a large number of environmental managers.‎ Where can you find greencollar jobs? Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almost any matter. Nowadays, different kinds of jobs are being posted online. Search through a couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy conversion and recycling of waste management. Check regularly and find the right work for yourself. People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of greencollar jobs.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着各国环保意识的增强，劳动者行列又多了一个群体：greencollar worker(绿领工人)，文中列举了其具体岗位，说明了其发展趋势。‎ ‎6．Why does Bracken Hendricks mention the Internet Boom in Paragraph 1?‎ A．To explain the importance of technology.‎ B．To provide evidence of his recent research.‎ C．To indicate the bright future of green careers.‎ D．To inform us of the way of finding greencollar jobs.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句，尤其是其中“The growth in green careers will be like the Internet Boom”可知环保类职业的增长会像互联网的兴旺一样，因此答案选C。‎ ‎7．Which of the following probably creates greencollar jobs?‎ A．Promoting services.‎ B．Training employees.‎ C．Consuming fossil fuels.‎ D．Developing new resources.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。解答本题首先需理解greencollar jobs的定义，然后采用排除法，选项A、B、C创造的工作与绿领工作定义不符合。另外结合第二、三段的内容也不难确定D为正确答案。‎ ‎8．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?‎ A．The requirements for green employees.‎ B．The development of the green industry.‎ C．The economic influence of green careers.‎ D．The job chances in the environmental industry.‎ 解析：选D　段落大意题。通读第三段，文中结合实例解释了环保产业中相关的工作机会，由此不难得出答案为D。‎ ‎9．The passage is written to ________.‎ A．discuss ecofriendly services B．introduce promising career chances C．suggest ways of saving energy at work D．explain the best method of finding jobs 解析：选B　写作意图题。文章首先指出环保职业的出现，谈及其发展趋势，并列举了该行业的工作职位，由此不难确定答案选B。‎ D ‎(2018·连云港模拟)Nelle Harper Lee, better known by her pen name Harper Lee, was an American novelist widely known for To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. In 1991 an organization conducted a survey that made readers identify books that had “made a ‎ difference” in their lives. The result? Lee's book trailed_only The Bible. Alongside the works of Shakespeare and Twain, this novel remains one of the most widely taught books nationwide, reaching about 70% of American public schools. What makes it such a typical read for young people?‎ English class is a place where young Americans come to know themselves. In the folds of dusty books, students can make contact with humanity beyond the shallow small talk of the school hallways. Disturbed by hormones and anxiety, teenagers get through school with confusion and frustration. Literature is a safety valve (安全阀) — it promises relief, a place to figure out one's problems and get to know oneself better.‎ The novel particularly distinguishes itself in this aspect. It speaks in a child's voice without treating its readership as children. Some critics have called it an “impossible” achievement, a children's book penned by a welleducated adult — it's unlikely that a child like Scout could exist in the real world. But that's exactly what makes it such a charming, attractive read for young people. It indicates the consciousness of a welleducated adult facing difficult realities, but describes it through the light and playful voice of a curious little girl.‎ Gaby Hick, a thirdyear student focused on English literature at Brown University, calls it “one of the first books that kids and young adults read that deals with serious issues — rape, race, mental issues”. She adds, “The story makes these adult themes accessible because of Scout.” The book's setting, a small town in Alabama affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s, may appear very different from the experience of most kids reading it today. But Lee's words make her story feel alive and present.‎ In 2006, however, critic Thomas Mallon expressed his regret about the book's avoiding moral complexity in The New Yorker. But her novel makes a great teaching tool for teenagers precisely because its moral view is as clear as that of one of Aesop's fables. That absence of ambiguity in this novel doesn't mean the novel is free of challenging ideas, either. Will Serratelli, another literature student at Brown says, “There aren't many hard moral questions being asked ... but it opens up all these other questions that I hadn't thought about before. My English teachers always asked, ‘Do you sympathize with this character? Would you want to hang out with them？’ When you give a kid a book where those questions don't even need to be asked, it_forces_them_to_dig_deeper.”‎ Mallon's criticism is accurate in that this novel may present too limited a view of racism in America. That's especially problematic because it is one of the only books consistently assigned to American students that acknowledges racial discrimination at all. However, To Kill a Mockingbird may owe some of its popularity as a teaching text to the fact that the narrative voice is a white one. Naomi Varnis, an African Studies student at Brown says, “It's another practice of telling stories about black people through white central characters，” she says.‎ While the novel is undoubtedly worth its place in the classroom, English teachers may do well to consider that it is a white author's perspective — and ought to be the only beginning of a dialogue about race and never the final word. But as a gateway to more mature ideas, and as a YA (young adult) distillation (提炼) of complex concepts young people may not have grasped before, Lee's novel is invaluable.‎ 语篇解读：在1991年的一次调查中，美国作家哈珀·李的小说《杀死一只知更鸟》在读者中的影响力仅次于《圣经》，是美国大约70%的公立学校教学用书中的收录作品。本文主要分析了这本小说广受欢迎的原因。‎ ‎10．According the passage, the novel To Kill a Mockingbird can help us ________.‎ A．know more about the past U．S. economic situation B．understand what the real personality of human is C．reduce much anxiety for fear of losing ourselves D．find and deal with some other complicated questions 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句和第三段的首句可知， 《杀死一只知更鸟》这本小说能够帮助我们在担心迷失自我中减轻焦虑。故选项C符合题意。‎ ‎11．What does the underlined word “trailed” most probably mean in Paragraph 1?‎ A．Was as good as.‎ B．Tried hard to defeat.‎ C．Went along the same route as.‎ D．Had a lower score than.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。本段是在强调《杀死一只知更鸟》这本小说的影响力，由画线词后面的句子可推断出此处是指影响力仅次于《圣经》。故选项D正确。trail意为“(比分)落后”。‎ ‎12．What can we conclude from Will Serratelli's statement underlined in Paragraph 5?‎ A．The kids are motivated to think further.‎ B．The kids have to face more moral questions.‎ C．The kids tend to sympathize with the characters.‎ D．The kids are unwilling to answer challenging questions.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第五段第四句及本段最后一句可知，这本小说会使孩子们受到激励，从而进行更深刻的思考。故选项A符合题意。‎ ‎13．Why is the novel well received by teenagers in the U．S.?‎ A．Because it reveals racial discrimination in America.‎ B．Because it makes some serious adult issues accessible.‎ C．Because a white author tells the stories about black people.‎ D．Because it is widely used as a tool for moral judgments in society.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段前两句可知，这本小说在美国广受青少年好评的原因是它使一些严肃的成年人的话题容易理解了。故选项B符合题意。‎ ‎14．Who points out straight the shortcoming of the novel?‎ A．Thomas Mallon.　　　　　 B．Naomi Varnis.‎ C．Will Serratelli. D．Gaby Hick.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五、六段的首句可知，托马斯·马伦直接指出了这本小说的缺点。故选项A正确。‎ ‎15．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?‎ A．To tell us about the content of the novel.‎ B．To introduce some different comments.‎ C．To explain the reasons for its popularity.‎ D．To approve of the creative writing style.‎ 解析：选C　写作意图题。综合全文尤其是第一段最后一句可知，作者写作本文的目的是为了解释美国作家哈珀·李的小说《杀死一只知更鸟》广受欢迎的原因。故选项C符合题意。‎ 提分专练(七)‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 Face Adversity (逆境) with a Smile I told my friend Graham that I often cycle two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He __1__，“ You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the __2__ exercise that the hill provided.‎ My __3__ to the hill has now changed. I used to __4__ as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to __5__ and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. __6__， I have a smile of __7__ as I reach the top of the hill.‎ Problems are there to be faced and __8__. We cannot achieve anything with a/an __9__ life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to __10__ a university degree. She wrote, “ Character cannot be __11__ in ease and quiet. Only through __12__ of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.”‎ One of the main __13__ of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. At times we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. __14__ we cannot choose the adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.‎ Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs amputated (截肢) following a flying accident. He was __15__ to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aces. He was a(n) __16__ to others during the war. He said，“Don't listen to anyone who tells you that ‎ you can't do this or that. That's nonsense. __17__ your mind, you'll never __18__ crutches (拐杖) or a stick, then have a go at everything. Go to school, join in all the games you can. Go __19__ you want to. But never, never let them __20__ you that things are too difficult or impossible.”‎ 语篇解读：我们不能避免逆境，但可以选择微笑着面对逆境，在逆境中培养优秀的性格和信心。‎ ‎1．A.reacted　　　　　　　 B．criticized C．replied D．reflected 解析：选C　由后面引号内朋友的话可知，此处表示“回答(replied)”。react意为“反应”，侧重行为上的回应；criticize意为“批评”；reflect意为“反映；反思”。‎ ‎2．A.extra B．proper C．abundant D．necessary 解析：选A　此处指的是不要把遇到山头当作不幸的事，应该把爬山看作是“额外的(extra)”锻炼。proper意为“合适的”；abundant意为“大量的；丰富的”；necessary意为“必要的”。 ‎ ‎3．A.access B．entrance C．interest D．attitude 解析：选D　第二段第一句为主题句，由后面展开句可知由此我对山的“态度(attitude)”发生了改变。access意为“入口；可以进入”；entrance意为“入口”；interest意为“兴趣”。‎ ‎4．A.climb B．confuse C．complain D．comment 解析：选C　句意：原来我对爬山是“抱怨(complain)”，而现在把山看作是朋友。confuse意为“迷惑”；comment意为“评论”。‎ ‎5．A.put on weight B．lose weight C．gain weight D．take my weight 解析：选B　句意：爬山有利于我“减肥(lose weight)”和保持健康。put on weight相当于gain weight，意为“增加体重，发胖”。‎ ‎6．A.Finally B．Gradually C．Rarely D．Approximately 解析：选A　句意：把山看作是朋友，“最终(Finally)”我改变了对山的态度，当我爬上山顶时我脸上就有了一个“满意的(satisfaction)”微笑。gradually意为“逐渐地”；rarely意为“很少地”；approximately意为“大约”。‎ ‎7．A.satisfaction B．devotion C．decoration D．caution 解析：选A　参见上题解析。satisfaction意为“满意”；devotion意为“投入，专注”；decoration 意为“装饰”；caution意为“小心”。‎ ‎8．A.understood B．clarified C．overcome D．defeated 解析：选C　句意：问题要“克服(overcome)”。defeat的宾语为人。clarify意为“澄清，阐明”；understand意为“理解”。‎ ‎9．A.tough B．easy C．difficult D．reasonable 解析：选B　句意：如果生活没有难度(easy)，我们就不能取得成就。‎ ‎10．A.learn B．reach C．admire D．gain 解析：选D　句意：海伦·凯勒是第一个“获得大学学历(gain university degree)”的聋哑人。admire意为“羡慕”。‎ ‎11．A.developed B．founded C．produced D．constructed 解析：选A　句意：在顺境中不可能培养优秀的性格。develop one's character意为“培养性格”；found意为“建立”，用于建立政权，组织等；produce意为“生产”；construct意为“建设”。‎ ‎12．A.happiness B．difficulties C．experiences D．pressures 解析：选C　句意：只有“通过磨难(trial and suffering)”的“经历(experiences)”，才能强大内心，清晰意向，激发志向，取得成功。‎ ‎13．A.emphases B．conflicts C．factors D．powers 解析：选C　句意：对待逆境的态度是成功的“要素(factors)”之一。emphasis意为“强调”；conflict意为“冲突”；power意为“力量，权力”。‎ ‎14．A.As B．While C．Because D．If 解析：选B　句意：我们“虽(while)”不能避免逆境，但我们可以选择乐观的人生态度。‎ ‎15．A.devoted B．commanded C．forced D．determined 解析：选D　参见下题解析。be determined to意为“下定决心”；be devoted to意为“专注于，投入”；command意为“命令”。‎ ‎16．A.inspiration B．appreciation C．qualification D．destination 解析：选A　道格拉斯·本得截肢后下定决心再次驾机飞行，他的毅力“激励(inspiration)”着他人。appreciation意为“欣赏”；qualification意为“资质”；destination意为“目的地”。‎ ‎17．A.Open up B．Make up C．Come to D．Come into 解析：选B　句意：不要听信别人说你不行你就怀疑自己，要“下定你的决心(make up your mind)”。come to意为“达到”。‎ ‎18．A.use B．reject C．deliver D．abandon 解析：选A　句意：下定了决心，你就会相信自己将永不用(use)拐杖，然后“做个尝试(have a go)”。reject意为“拒绝”；deliver意为“递送”；abandon意为“放弃”。‎ ‎19．A.everywhere B．nowhere C．anywhere D．somewhere 解析：选C　句意：你想去哪儿就去哪儿，你可以去“任何地方(anywhere)”。‎ ‎20．A.advised B．attempt C．request D．persuade 解析：选D　句意：当别人说难度太大，你不可能做到时，永远不要让他们“说服(persuade)”你。advise意为“建议”，侧重过程，而结果不一定成功；attempt意为“尝试”；request意为“请求”。‎ Ⅱ.任务型阅读 ‎(2018·苏南四校高三联考)Your life is composed of all the little things we experience every day, and knowing how to find joy in some of those little things is one of the easiest ways to let happiness slowly fill your cup. In order for that to happen, you need to do two very simple things: put yourself in such situations that you can experience happiness there, and then find a way to savour the experience and let it sink into you.‎ To put yourself in the position of experiencing happiness every day, Lahna Catalino, Ph. D．， at the University of California, San Francisco, recommends an approach called “prioritizing positivity” — organizing your daytoday life on purpose so that it contains situations which naturally give rise to positive emotions. It involves both carving out time in your daily routine to do things that you really love and heavily weighing the positive emotional consequences of major life decisions, like taking a new job, and you will regularly find yourself.‎ Then how can we find a way to savour the happy experience and let it sink into you? Here is what psychologist Rick Hanson, the author of Buddha's Brain explains. ‎ Let a good fact become a good experience.‎ Often we go through life and some good thing happens — a little thing, like we checked off an item on our To Do list, we survived another day at work, the flowers are blooming, and so forth.‎ ‎ Hey, this is an opportunity to feel good. Don't leave money lying on the table: Recognize that this is an opportunity to let yourself truly feel good.‎ Really enjoy this positive experience.‎ Practice what any school teacher knows: if you want to help people learn something, make it as intense as possible — in this case, as felt in the body as possible — for as long as possible.‎ When sinking into this experience, sense your intention that this experience is sinking into you.‎ Sometimes people do this through visualization, like by sensing a golden light coming into themselves or a soothing balm inside themselves. You might imagine a jewel going into the treasure chest in your heart — or just know that this experience is sinking into you, becoming a resource you can take with you no matter where you go.‎ It might seem a little cliche (陈词滥调) to say “stop and smell the roses，” but it's moments like those that can be stored in your happiness bank and withdrawn later. Living a happy life can be as simple as accepting the happiness that's already around you. If you want more, it's OK to go out and achieve it, but don't forget where happiness really comes from.‎ Let (1)________ Come Naturally With the “Little Things”‎ ‎(2)________ to let happiness come your way ‎•Put yourself in situations (3)______ you experience happiness. ‎ ‎•Find a way to savour the experience and let it sink into you.‎ Giving (4)________ to positive things ‎•Organize your everyday life (5)______ to experience positive emotions. ‎ ‎•(6)________ your time to do things you love as well as heavily weighing the positive emotional consequences.‎ Enjoying the experience and letting it sink into you ‎•Let a good fact become a good experience so that you have the (7)________ to feel good. ‎ ‎•Really enjoy the positive experience as long as possible. ‎ ‎•When sinking into this experience, be (8)________ of your intention so that it becomes a resource to take with you wherever you go.‎ ‎(9)________‎ ‎•Happy moments like “stop and smell the roses” are (10)________．‎ ‎•Living a happy life can be as simple as accepting the happiness already around you.‎ 答案：1.Happiness　2.How/Ways　3.where　4.priority ‎5．deliberately/intentionally/purposely　6.Spare/Squeeze ‎7．opportunity/chance　8.aware/conscious ‎9．Conclusion(s)/Summary ‎10．memorable/lasting/unforgettable/impressive Ⅲ.书面表达 ‎(2018·盐城一中高三模拟)请认真阅读下面图文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ Since 2014, the goal of building a “nation of readers” has been included in the annual Report on the Work of the Government. Just ahead of World Book Day, the Chinese Academy of Press and Publication has issued its findings in a survey of Chinese reading habits. Chinese people read on average about eight books in the year 2017, a slight increase compared with that in the previous years.‎ However, things are quite different among teenagers. Below is a chart which shows the number of books read by Chinese under age ‎17 in the years of 2014 and 2017, respectively (分别地)．‎ ‎[写作内容]‎ ‎1．用约30个单词概述上述文字及图表的主要内容；‎ ‎2．结合上述信息，简要分析可能导致青少年图书阅读量下降的原因；‎ ‎3．结合自身实际，就如何提高青少年的图书阅读量提几点建议(不少于两点)。‎ ‎[写作要求]‎ ‎1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3．不必写标题。‎ ‎[评分标准]‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ 参考范文：‎ Despite the fact that the Chinese generally read more books compared with the previous years, the past three years witnessed a significant decline in the number of books read by those under age 17, especially the middle school students.‎ Quite a few things give rise to the problem. Due to the fierce competition, the load of study for middle school students gets heavier and heavier as their grade advances, leaving little time for reading. What's worse, electronic device and various forms of entertainment have taken what little there is of their spare time.‎ To deal with the problem, we students ourselves should know the significance of reading for our growth and develop a good reading habit. For my part, I will try to take part in various reading activities to enhance my enthusiasm in reading. Moreover, I will make plans on a monthly basis. Only in this way can I read and enjoy more books. ‎