2020届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit2TheOlympicGames单元学案（42页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit2TheOlympicGames单元学案（42页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit2The Olympic Games单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．magical adj.　　　　　　　　 巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的 ‎2．slave n. 奴隶 ‎3．gymnastics n．(pl.) 体操；体能训练 ‎4．stadium n．(pl. stadiums or stadia) (露天大型)体育场 ‎5．gymnasium (gym) n. 体育馆；健身房 ‎6．motto n. 座右铭；格言；警句 ‎7．swift adj. 快的；迅速的 ‎8．similarity n. 相像性；相似点 ‎9．physical adj. 物理的；身体的 ‎10．glory n. 光荣；荣誉 ‎11．striker n. 敲击者；(足球的)前锋 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．ancient adj. 古代的；古老的 ‎2．medal n. 奖章；勋章；纪念章 ‎3．homeland n．[纵联1] 祖国；本国 ‎4．basis n．(pl.bases) 基础；根据 ‎5．athlete n. 运动员；运动选手 ‎6．nowadays adv. 现今；现在 ‎7．host vt. 做东；主办；招待 n. 主人 ‎8．replace vt. 取代；替换；代替 ‎9．charge vt.& vi. 收费；控诉 n. 费用；主管 ‎10．fine vt. 罚款 ‎11．poster n. 海报；招贴 ‎12．bargain vi. 讨价还价；讲条件 n. 便宜货 ‎13．foolish adj.[纵联2] 愚蠢的；傻的 ‎14．pain n. 疼痛；痛苦 ‎15．deserve vi.& vt. 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵adj.志愿的；义务的vt.&vi.自愿→voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的 ‎2．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor n．竞争者 ‎3．regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的→regularly adv.定期地；有规律地→regulation n．规则；规章制度 ‎4．admit vt.&vi.容许；承认；接纳→admission n．承认；入场费；准许进入[纵联3]‎ ‎5．responsibility n．责任；职责→responsible adj.有责任心的 ‎6．advertise vt.&vi.做广告；登广告→advertiser n．广告商→advertisement n．广告 ‎7．hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的→hope v．&n.希望→hopeful adj.有希望的[纵联4]‎ ‎ ‎ 纵联1.同在一片“陆地(land)”上 ‎①homeland祖国；本国 ②motherland祖国 ‎③mainland大陆；本土 ④farmland农田；农场 ‎⑤wasteland荒地；不毛之地 纵联2.是装“傻”还是真“聪明”‎ ‎①foolish愚蠢的；傻的 ②stupid愚蠢的 ‎③silly傻的 ④clever聪明的 ‎⑤smart聪明的；机敏的 ⑥bright明亮的；聪明的 ‎⑦wise明智的；聪明的 ⑧intelligent智能的；聪明的 纵联3.过去式、过去分词和现在分词双写辅音字母的单词荟萃 ‎①admit: admitted/admitted/admitting ‎②permit: permitted/permitted/permitting ‎③plan: planned/planned/planning ‎④refer: referred/referred/referring ‎⑤prefer: preferred/preferred/preferring ‎⑥beg: begged/begged/begging ‎⑦hug: hugged/hugged/hugging 纵联4.后缀less构成的形容词集锦 ‎①hopeless没有希望的 ②careless粗心的 ‎③doubtless无疑的 ④helpless无助的 ‎⑤restless不安的 ⑥homeless无家可归的 ‎⑦useless无用的 ⑧countless无数的 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——奥林匹克运动 子话题1　比赛项目 ‎①diving n．跳水　　　　　 　 　 ②marathon n．马拉松 ‎③badminton n．羽毛球 ④hockey n．曲棍球 ‎⑤baseball n．垒球 ⑥shooting n．射击 ‎⑦weightlifting举重 ⑧wrestling摔跤 子话题2　比赛场地 ‎①court n．球场 ②track n．跑道 ‎③lawn football field草坪足球场 ④plastic tracks塑胶跑道 ‎⑤ski field滑雪场 ⑥diving platform跳台 子话题3　人员 ‎①amateur n．业余运动员　　　 ②professional n．职业选手 ‎③sponsor n．赞助者；赞助商 ④cheering squad啦啦队 ‎⑤champion n．冠军 ⑥referee n．裁判员 ‎⑦captain n．队长 ⑧player n．运动员；比赛者 子话题4　赛事 ‎①tournament n．锦标赛；联赛 ②final n．决赛 ‎③tryout n．选拔赛 ④try out for参加选拔 ‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2015•全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool❶me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper 　❷　 (advertise) for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.‎ ‎①写出fool在本单元的同根形容词：_foolish ‎②用advertise的适当形式填空：advertisements ‎2．(2010•天津高考阅读B)Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition❶. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold 　❷　 is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete❸ who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.‎ ‎①写出competition在本单元中的同根动词：compete ‎②选词填空：__B__‎ A．model　 　B．medal　　C．modal ‎③写出加黑词在句中的含义：运动员；形容词athletic意为“健壮的；体育运动的”‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•6月浙江高考写作)我从海报上得知，我们学校的英语协会现在需要一些志愿者接待来访的外国学生，我想申请这个职位。(poster, volunteer)‎ I_have_learnt_from_the_poster_that_the_English_Association_of_our_school_is_now_in_need_of_some_volunteers_to_meet_the_visiting_foreign_students_and_I_want_to_apply_for_the_position.‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我们校队的运动员近年来在乒乓球比赛中获得了许多金牌，并且教练组也很专业。(athlete, medal)‎ Athletes_from_our_school_team_have_won_many_gold_medals_of_table_tennis_contests_in_recent_years_and_the_coaching_team_is_also_very_professional.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．compete vi.比赛；竞争 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争 compete for　　　　　　　　　 为……而竞争 compete with/against ...for 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争 ‎(2)competition n. 比赛；竞争 in competition with 与……进行竞争 ‎(3)competitor n. 竞争者；对手 competitive adj. 有竞争力的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. ‎ ‎②Life is like a long race where we often compete with/against others to go beyond ourselves.‎ ‎③We are in competition (compete) with four other companies for the contract.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018•天津高考书面表达)我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在世界青少年机器人技能竞赛中竞争。‎ We can_compete_with_students_from_other_schools in the World Adolescent Robotics Competition.‎ ‎2. admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳；容纳 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中admit的含义 ‎①I don’t really like the author, although I have to admit his books are very exciting. 承认 ‎②Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium admits visitors from 9：30 am until 6：‎ ‎00 pm.接纳 ‎③The dining hall to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students.容纳 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)admit doing/having done sth.　 承认做/做过某事 admit sb./sth. to be 承认某人/物是……‎ be admitted to/into 被接收(入学/入院/入党等)‎ admit that ... 承认……‎ ‎(2)admission n. 承认；准许进入；入场费 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎④I must learn as much as I can to be admitted_to/into a good medical college, where I can prepare myself well enough for the job of a doctor.‎ ‎⑤She apologized to me and admitted_taking/having_taken(take) my umbrella by mistake. ‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑥(2017•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)现在，我们学校的乒乓球队正在招收新队员，我想邀请你加入。‎ The table tennis team of our school_is_admitting_new_members_right_now. I would like to invite you to join.‎ ‎3．replace vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处 ‎[记牢]‎ replace ... with/by ...　　　　　 用……替换……‎ replace ...as ... 取代……而成为……‎ take the place of＝take one’s place 代替；替代 in place of 代替 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with/by a modern hotel or not.‎ ‎②It is generally believed that teachers will never be_replaced (replace) by computers in class.‎ 句型转换 ‎③John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.‎ ‎→John is ill and I want to know who is going to take_the_place_of_him/take_his_place.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④然而，遗憾的是我们现在的体育课很无聊，有时甚至被其他学科所取代。‎ However, it is a pity that our present PE class is quite dull and sometimes_even_replaced_by_other_subjects. ‎ ‎4．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电n.费用；主管 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)charge sb. for sth.　 　 　 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 ‎(2)take charge of 掌管/负责……‎ in charge of 控制/管理……‎ in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责 ‎(3)free of charge＝for free 免费 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels.‎ ‎②How much did he charge you for repairing this pair of shoes?‎ 句型转换 ‎③The house has been in the charge of Mr. Bell for more than a year.‎ ‎→Mr. Bell has been in_charge_of_the house for more than a year.‎ ‎[用准]　in charge of 多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有：in possession of, in the possession of; in control of, in the control of。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2017•天津高考书面表达)在两周的时间里，我们举办了一系列关于学习和体育的活动，其中一些是由英语系学生负责的。‎ During the period of two weeks, we held a series of activities on study and sports, a_few_of_which_were_in_the_charge_of_English_students.‎ ‎5．deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得；应得 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)deserve to do sth. 应该做某事；值得做某事 deserve to be done＝deserve doing　 ……值得被做 deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意 ‎(2)deserved adj. 应得的；该受的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The team deserved_to_win (win) the championship because they played much better than any of the other teams.‎ ‎②He got much deserved (deserve) praise due to helping many disabled people.‎ 一句多译 不管你是谁，你都应该得到平等的对待。‎ ‎③Whoever you are, you deserve_equal_treatment.(deserve ＋n.)‎ ‎④Whoever you are, you deserve_treating_equally.(deserve ＋doing)‎ ‎⑤Whoever you are, you deserve_to_be_treated_equally.(deserve ＋to be done)‎ ‎[用准]　deserve to be done与deserve doing的意义相同，即可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，类似的还有need, require等。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥这份报告应该给予认真考虑。‎ The_report_deserves_careful_consideration.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．As an athlete (运动员) you all are reflected in the value of the performance and fighting spirit.‎ ‎2．You deserve (应得) an award for the role that you played.‎ ‎3．Does the bank charge (收费) a fee for setting up the account?‎ ‎4．I’m short of money, and can’t afford a new car to replace (替换) my old one.‎ ‎5．There are no bargains (便宜货) in the clothes shops at the moment.‎ ‎6．China has made efforts for a breakthrough in the total number of gold medals (奖牌) in the coming Winter Games.‎ ‎7．—Do you know the school motto (格言) of this university?‎ ‎—Yes. It’s “Never lose hope.”‎ ‎8．Many college students offered to be volunteers (志愿者) for Olympic Games.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It was foolish (fool) of you to make friends with such a dishonest man.‎ ‎2．We’ll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility (responsible) for your actions.‎ ‎3．Not all the advertisements (advertise) can be used to promote the sale of the products.‎ ‎4．The boy wrote “I have visited here” on the wall of a famous old temple. He deserved to_be_punished/punishing (punish) for his such bad ‎ behavior.‎ ‎5._To_compete (compete) more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.‎ ‎6．I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real bargain.‎ ‎7．The young man had to admit driving (drive) without a driving license. ‎ ‎8．One of the volunteers (volunteer) for the rescue work injured himself when helping others.‎ ‎9．All the old computers in village schools will be_replaced (replace) with new ones.‎ ‎10．—He is suffering from a pain in his stomach, but he is still working.‎ ‎—Maybe he knows no pains (pain), no gains.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．He picked up the papers and replace them in the bag.replace→replaced ‎2．Being admitted a university, whether it is a famous one or not, doesn’t necessarily mean you will succeed in your future life.admitted后加to/into ‎3．It was foolish for you to leave school at such an early age.for→of ‎4．Who will take the charge of the company after the manager retires？去掉第一个the ‎5．He was lucky that he at last got a chance to compete the Olympics.compete后加in ‎6．Concerned with their health, many people take exercise regular and ‎ keep a balanced diet.regular→regularly Ⅳ.一句多译 ‎1．这家公司在昨天的报纸上登广告招聘一名销售人员。‎ ‎①The company advertised_for a salesman in yesterday’s newspaper. (advertise)‎ ‎②The company put/placed_an_advertisement_for a salesman in yesterday’s newspaper. (advertisement)‎ ‎2．首先保持一种开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。‎ ‎①What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve_consideration. (deserve＋n.)‎ ‎②What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve_considering. (deserve＋doing)‎ ‎③What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas_deserve_to_be_considered. (deserve＋to be done)‎ ‎3．他不能掌管那家电脑公司，因为这超出了他的能力。(charge)‎ ‎①The computer company can’t be_in_the_charge_of_him because it is beyond his ability.‎ ‎②He can’t take_charge_of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.‎ ‎③He can’t be in_charge_of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．take_part_in　　　　　　　　 参加；参与 ‎2．stand_for 代表；象征；表示 ‎3．as_well [串记1] 也；又；还 ‎4．one_after_another 陆续地；一个接一个地 ‎ ‎5．pick_up 拾起；捡起；用车接某人 ‎ ‎6．take_the_place_of 代替……‎ ‎7．play_a_role_in 在……起作用 ‎8．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上 ‎9．in_charge 主管；看管；负责 ‎10．apart_from [串记2] 除了……之外；要不是 ‎11．make_a_bargain 达成协议 ‎12．on_purpose 故意地；蓄意地 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“as”开头的高频短语一览 ‎①as well 也；又；还 ‎②as a matter of fact 事实上 ‎③as a result 结果 ‎④as usual 照例；照常 ‎⑤as follows 如下 ‎⑥as is mentioned above 如上所说 串记2.表示“除……以外”的词语面面观 ‎①apart from 除……外(还有/没有)‎ ‎②aside from 除……外(还有/没有)‎ ‎③besides 除……外(还有)‎ ‎④as well as 除……之外；而且 ‎⑤in addition 此外 ‎⑥in addition to 此外 ‎ ‎ ‎1．come on a magical journey 来一次奇幻的旅行 ‎2．be confident in doing sth. 有信心做某事 ‎3．every four years 每四年 ‎4._on a regular basis 例行地；有规律地；定期地 ‎5．reach the agreed standard 达到统一的标准 ‎6．run against 与……赛跑 ‎7．from_all over the world 来自世界各地 ‎8．win glory_for 为……赢得荣誉 ‎ ‎ ‎1．I lived in what_you_call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.‎ 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”，我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。‎ ‎2．It’s_in_the_Summer_Olympics_that you have the running races,‎ ‎ together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.跑步、游泳、划船和所有团队项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。‎ ‎3．No other countries could join in, nor_could_slaves_or_women!‎ 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！‎ ‎4．There’s as_much_competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.‎ 国与国之间争取奥运会主办权的竞争就像争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。‎ ‎5．This is important because the_more you speak English, _the_better your English will become.‎ 这很重要，因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就会越高。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2015•江苏高考完形填空) He unfortunately passed away last year due to his cancer, but he left a deep impression on me and gave me the inspiration to pick_up (拿起) my pen again. I thought to myself, “If he can do it, then so can I．”‎ ‎2．(2011•江苏高考完形填空)This isn’t helpful.I don’t have the apple and I’m feeling miserable as_well (也)．‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•天津高考书面表达)我们对这次竞赛如此感兴趣以至于我们成立了一个小组参加它。‎ We were so interested in the competition that we formed a group to ‎ take_part_in it.‎ ‎2．(2018•北京高考书面表达)你对我们的传统文化的了解越多，你就对它越感兴趣。(the more ..., the more ...)‎ The_more_you_know_about_our_traditional_culture,_the more you are interested in it.‎ ‎3．(2015•江苏高考书面表达)但是制度本身不能保证一个有秩序的社会，遵守规则的人才是重要的。(强调句型)‎ But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．take part in参加；参与 ‎[记牢]‎ take an active part in　　　　　　积极参加 participate in 参加，参与 play a part in在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色 ‎[练通]‎ 补全句子 ‎①It goes without saying that taking_an_active_part_in social activities can broaden our horizons.‎ 毫无疑问，积极参加社会活动能够拓宽我们的视野。‎ ‎②As is known to all, geography also plays_a_part_in making dialects.‎ 众所周知，地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响。‎ 单句改错 ‎③Any student who is interested in this activity is welcome to take part in.去掉第二个in ‎[用准]　(1)take part in是固定短语， part前一般不用冠词，但是当part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词；(2)在使用take part in时，若其后无宾语，则不加介词in。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④(2015•天津高考书面表达)我们将去参加今年七月由你们学校举行的夏令营，这使我们感到非常兴奋。‎ We_will_go_to_take_part_in_the_summer_camp_held_by_your_school_this_July,_which_makes_us_very_excited.‎ ‎2．stand for代表；象征；表示；主张；支持；容忍 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中stand for的含义 ‎①In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.代表 ‎②We should respect people of all faiths and stand for religious freedom.主张；支持 ‎③I will not stand for behavior of that kind in my house.容忍 ‎④As we know, pigeons stand for peace.象征 ‎[记牢]‎ stand by　　　　　　　　 站在旁边；袖手旁观 stand out 突出；显眼；杰出 stand on one’s own feet 自立；不依靠他人 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎⑤Her red hat makes her stand_out in a crowd, so you will recognize her immediately.‎ ‎⑥How can you stand_by and see him accused of something he didn’t do?‎ ‎[用准]　stand for表示“(缩写或符号)是……意思”时不用于进行时，也可表示“支持；主张”，后面接事物作宾语；用于否定句中，则表示“容忍；忍受”。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑦汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。 ‎ The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that it_uses_characters_which_stand_for_ideas,_objects_or_deeds.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．nor引导的倒装句型 ‎[教材原句]　No other countries could join in, nor_could_slaves_or_women!‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)You can’t cancel the contract, nor/neither_can_I.‎ 你不能取消这个合同，我也不能。‎ ‎(2)—Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.‎ ‎—So_he_is and so_are_you.‎ ‎——杰克对中国文化和民族音乐非常痴迷。‎ ‎——他的确如此，你也是。‎ ‎(3)He is very clever but he doesn’t work hard; it_is_the_same_with/so_it_is_with_his sister.‎ 他很聪明，但不努力，他姐姐也是这样。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎(1)neither/nor＋系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一个人或事物。‎ ‎(2)“so＋主语＋系动词be/助动词/情态动词”，用来表示同意、附和前一说话者所说的内容，可译为“是的，对，的确如此”。 ‎ ‎(3)so＋系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或事物。‎ ‎(4)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型So it is/was with .../It is/was the same with ...。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)He doesn’t like this director.Nor/Neither does he like his films.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2015•广东高考写作)Every class has its own problems, so does mine.(要点句)‎ ‎2．the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..‎ ‎[教材原句]　 This is important because the_more you speak English, the_better your English will become.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)The more a person reads, the_wiser_he_will_become.‎ 一个人书读得越多就会变得越明智。‎ ‎(2)The_more_careful_you_are,_the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。‎ ‎(3)More and more cars are running in the streets today, in which case more_and_more_waste_gas will be sent into the air.‎ 在今天越来越多的汽车在街上跑，在这种情况下将会有越来越多的废气排放到空气中。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。‎ ‎(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。‎ ‎(3)“the more ..., the less ...”意为“越……，越不……”。‎ 注意事项 “the＋比较级(...), the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)It's reported that more and more foreigners are learning Chinese now.‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 one after another， in charge， make a bargain， take the place of， pick up， as well， take part in， stand for ‎1．If there is something wrong with the machine, it should be reported at once to the engineer in_charge.‎ ‎2．Would it be convenient for you to_pick_up my son at four o’clock at the airport?‎ ‎3．It would be difficult to find a man to take_the_place_of the present manager.‎ ‎4．As is known to us, the letters PLA stand_for the People’s Liberation Army.‎ ‎5．We should take_part_in the physical exercise and build up our strength.‎ ‎6．The children learn to read and write; they play games as_well.‎ ‎7．The boys made_a_bargain with one another to exchange baseball gloves when playing games.‎ ‎8．The moment the bell rang, students came out of the classroom one_after_another.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．Tom can speak French and his brother can speak, too.‎ ‎→Tom can speak French and so_can_his_brother.‎ ‎2．If you don’t attend the meeting, I won’t, either.‎ ‎→If you don’t attend the meeting, neither_will_I.‎ ‎3．They didn’t finish the task successfully and were scolded by the ‎ boss.So it was with us.‎ ‎→They didn’t finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss._It_was_the_same_with_us.‎ ‎4．If you devote more time to practicing your spoken English, your spoken English will become more fluent.‎ ‎→The_more_time you devote to practicing your spoken English, the_more_fluent your spoken English will become.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会将于2022年2月4日至20日在北京和张家口市联合举行。现面向社会招募志愿者。假定你是李华，请根据自己的情况写一封电子邮件申请参加。内容包括：‎ ‎1．热爱体育；‎ ‎2．英语流利；‎ ‎3．性格外向开朗；有组织能力。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：申请信　②人称：主要是第一人称 ‎③时态：主要是一般现在时 ‎2．拟点：通过研读题目，根据写作背景介绍和内容要求可以从以下三个方面来写作。‎ ‎①开头：自我介绍并点明写信目的。‎ ‎②主体：详述个人优势(热爱体育、英语流利、性格及组织能力)。‎ ‎③结尾：表示感谢并期待回复。‎ 要点1－①：我是李华，一名来自北京一所高中的18岁女孩。我想做2022年北京—张家口冬奥会的志愿者。‎ My_name_is_Li_Hua,_a_girl_of_18_from_a_high_school_in_Beijing._I_would_like_to_work_as_a_volunteer_for_the_2022_BeijingZhangjiakou_Winter_Olympic_Games.‎ 要点1－②：考虑到一切情况，我认为我能胜任这个职位。(account，独立主格结构)‎ Everything_taken_into_account,_I_think_I_am_qualified_for_the_position.‎ 要点2－①：我非常喜欢体育运动。‎ I_love_sports_very_much.‎ 要点2－②：我能流利地说英语。‎ I_can_speak_English_fluently.‎ 要点2－③：我有组织活动的能力，而且性格外向、充满活力。‎ I_have_the_ability_to_organize_activities,_and_I_am_outgoing_and_energetic.‎ 要点3：如果您能考虑我的申请并给我机会，我将不胜感激，期待你的回复。‎ I_would_be_grateful_if_you_could_consider_my_application_and_offer_me_the_opportunity._Looking_forward_to_your_reply.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 在写作主体部分，拟定的要点单调、空洞。因此为使内容更充实，我们可以对要点进行适度拓展，对要点添加定语或状语等。例如：‎ ‎1．要点2－①可增加结果状语从句，“喜欢体育运动”因此可以做些什么；‎ ‎2．要点2－②可增加定语从句“这使我更容易帮助有困难的外国人”；‎ ‎3．要点2－③可增加定语从句“这有利于我与陌生人交流”。‎ 拓展要点2－①：我非常喜欢体育运动，所以我可以投入我所有的精力为比赛服务。(so that)‎ I_love_sports_very_much_so_that_I_can_devote_all_my_energies_to_serving_the_game.‎ 拓展要点2－②：我能流利地说英语，这使我更容易帮助有困难的外国人。(定语从句)‎ I_can_speak_English_fluently,_which_makes_it_easier_for_me_to_help_foreigners_in_trouble.‎ 拓展要点2－③：我不仅有组织活动的能力，而且我是一个外向、充满活力的人，这有利于我与陌生人交流。(not only位于句首的倒装句；定语从句)‎ Not_only_do_I_have_the_ability_to_organize_activities,_but_also_I_am_outgoing_and_energetic,_which_benefits_me_in_communicating_with_strangers.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本写作可采用“三段式”结构组织全文。中间段落详述个人优势，可按句子的逻辑顺序用first of all， besides， above all作好衔接过渡，使文章顺畅、自然。‎ Dear_Sir_or_Madam，‎ My_name_is_Li_Hua,_a_girl_of_18_from_a_high_school_in_Beijing._I_would_like_to_work_as_a_volunteer_for_the_2022_BeijingZhangjiakou_Winter_Olympic_Games._Everything_taken_into_account,_I_think_I_am_qualified_for_the_position.‎ First_of_all,_I_love_sports_very_much_so_that_I_can_devote_all_my_energies_to_serving_the_game.Besides,_I_can_speak_English_fluently,_which_makes_it_easier_for_me_to_help_foreigners_in_trouble.Above_all,_not_only_do_I_have_the_ability_to_organize_activities,_but_also_I_am_outgoing_and_energetic,_which_benefits_me_in_communicating_with_strangers.‎ I_would_be_grateful_if_you_could_consider_my_application_and_offer_me_the_opportunity.Looking_forward_to_your_reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua ‎ ‎ 理清文体结构之(七)　记叙文之插叙——为何处埋下伏笔 插叙是在叙述中心事件的过程中，为了帮助展开情节或刻画人物，暂时中断叙述的线索，插入一段与主要情节相关的回忆或故事的叙述方法。高考在阅读材料的选材中常蕴含某种“正能量”，或促人奋发，或由弱变强。如何在文章中体现这一转变过程？插叙便成了避免平铺直叙的一种手法。读此类文体，应从三个方面着手：①由时间线看事件的曲折发展；②由情节线理清作者的情感态度转变过程；③由插叙处推断事件的发展方向。‎ ‎[时间线⇨看事件曲折发展] [高考典例]　2018•北京卷•A篇 [情节线⇒关注插叙处]‎ 时间1‎ 时间2‎ ‎(插叙1)‎ 时间3‎ ‎(插叙2)‎ 时间4‎ ‎　　时间5‎ 时间6 My First Marathon (马拉松)‎ ‎[1]A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.‎ ‎[2]I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P．E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”．‎ ‎[3]The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills！‎ ‎[4]The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.‎ ‎[5]Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied.So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted！‎ ‎[6]At mile 3, I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT, RUNNERS！”‎ ‎[7]By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.‎ ‎[8]By mile 21, I was starving！‎ ‎[9]As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m. or questioned my expenses on running.‎ ‎[10]I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.‎ ‎[11]Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”． 情节1‎ ‎：赛前——时间1‎ ‎“我”在马拉松比赛前的意外以及决心。(可解第36题)‎ 情节2：参加马拉松以挑战自我的伏笔段 ‎①插叙1——时间2‎ 体育老师告诉“我”不擅长体育运动，为下文“我”比赛成功，摆脱世俗标签埋下伏笔。(可解第37题)‎ ‎②插叙2——时间3‎ 叙述“我”对跑步的感悟，为下文“我”比赛获得成功，赢得奖牌做铺垫。‎ 情节3：赛前——时间4‎ 讲述了“我”在马拉松比赛前做的梦。‎ 情节4：赛中——时间5‎ 讲述了“我”第一次马拉松的参赛过程，说明比赛中的困难，体现“我”挑战自我的艰难。‎ 情节5：赛后——时间6‎ 讲述比赛的结果及体会。‎ ‎①摆脱世俗标签与插叙1相呼应；‎ ‎②挑战自我成功与插叙2相呼应。(可解第39题)‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎36. the marathon, the author__________.‎ A．was well trained　　　　 　B．felt scared C．made up his mind to run D．lost hope ‎37．Why did the author mention the P．E. class ？‎ A．To acknowledge the support of his teacher.‎ B．To amuse the readers with a funny story.‎ C．To show he was not talented in sports.‎ D．To share a precious memory.‎ ‎39．What does the story mainly ？‎ A．A man owes his success to his family support.‎ B．A winner is one with a great effort of will.‎ C．Failure is the mother of success.‎ D．One is never too old to learn.‎ ‎[答案]　36.C　37.C　39.B ‎36．题眼――→定位第1段由“情节1”中的关键词“determined”得出答案。‎ ‎37．题眼――→定位第2段由“情节2”的“插叙1”中的“not athletic”得出答案。‎ ‎39．题眼――→定位全文解本题的关键在于上面“插叙1、2”的叙述及最后的比赛结果，这为故事的主旨埋下伏笔。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A About Us The London Cycling Club is a volunteerbased nonprofit organization ‎ for recreational (娱乐的) bicycling.We’ve been in operation since 1971.We value the healthy lifestyle and social aspects of cycling.The London Cycling Club offers a schedule of Sunday cycling tours from April through October.We also offer various social events throughout the year, including a spring kickoff brunch, a summer barbecue, an Annual General Meeting and Banquet and a winter outing.‎ For Sunday cycling events there are three tour groups: short, medium and long.The length and speed of each ride varies with the tour group.Short: 20 to 25 kph; Medium: 25 to 30 kph; Long: 30＋kph.Please talk to a club manager if you’re unsure of your abilities during your first season.Tours typically last from 2 to 5 hours.Participants are asked to meet 15 minutes before leaving the Saturn Playground parking lot in Greenway Park.We’ll try to have a short group leader available for rides in the early part of the season, usually April and May.‎ For the benefit of all riders, please make sure that your bicycle is in good working order.And please bring water bottles, a snack, a spare inner tube and an air pump.‎ Cycling skills do vary within the club, but it’s suggested that a rider should be at least 20 and able to keep an average pace of 20 kph for up to a 50 km ride.In the interest of safety, tours won’t be held on snowy, rainy or foggy days.‎ Membership ‎2019 online registration available NOW! For 2019 Membership signup please visit: https：//ccnbikes.com//#！/events/2019londoncyclingclubmembership Membership Fees ‎•Individual Membership — $35 each year (The insurance is an additional $42)‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了伦敦骑行俱乐部的相关事宜。‎ ‎1．What do we know about the London Cycling Club?‎ A．It aims to train cycling players.‎ B．It offers cycling tours every day.‎ C．It promotes healthy life brought by cycling.‎ D．It has a history of no less than half a century.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“We value the healthy lifestyle and social aspects of cycling.”可知，伦敦骑行俱乐部重视的是骑行带来的健康生活方式以及社交方面，故正确答案为C。‎ ‎2．What do people taking part in Sunday cycling events have to do?‎ A．Ride at a speed of 30＋ kph.‎ B．Elect a group leader for each ride.‎ C．Gather together 15 minutes earlier.‎ D．Ask managers to assess their abilities.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Participants are asked to ‎ meet 15 minutes before leaving the Saturn Playground parking lot in Greenway Park.”可知，要求参与者在出发前15分钟集合。‎ ‎3．Which is the right or duty of the members of the club?‎ A．They should have a good command of cycling skills.‎ B．They can enjoy free food and drink during the cycling.‎ C．They should pay a yearly membership fee of 42 dollars.‎ D．They can join in different social events offered by the club.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“We also offer various social events throughout the year, including a spring kickoff brunch, a summer barbecue, an Annual General Meeting and Banquet and a winter outing.”可知，伦敦骑行俱乐部会举行一些社会活动，会员可以参加，故正确答案为D。‎ B Throughout my educational years, despite the kind teachers I had met, I never felt interest in writing until I met her, Mrs.Kelley.At first, I believed that writing would still be my worst class.Gradually, my fondness increased.She taught the lesson in such a lively way and her word choice impressed me.But that was not what made her my favorite.Unlike other teachers, after instructions, she gave an enormous amount of freedom in what we wrote, allowing us to create our own stories using our imagination.And that mattered most.‎ There was one really revolutionary event: the historical fiction unit.We ‎ were to invent our own stories using the period we were given.World War Ⅱ was mine.At that point, I was just looking for a good grade.Rather than creating a mundane (平淡的) story, I wanted to make a story that I felt was meaningful.As I progressed, I was pulled further and further into the reality that I had made.Grammar no longer existed, as my hands gained acceleration.When I typed the final word, my hands trembled with excitement.Briefly, I read it over and then submitted the draft.‎ In the midst of anxiousness, Mrs.Kelley responded.She pointed out some mistakes and gave some suggestions.Sadly, there were no comments of recognition.I fixed the errors and moved on.But when waiting for the final grade, I erased all the unrealistic thoughts that wandered in my mind.‎ In the next class, surprisingly, after handing back my paper, Mrs.Kelley mentioned that my story was very good.I looked at her in confusion.Soon excitement stirred inside me.I found a “＋5” attached to the score.She had given an extra point in “Plot”， adding an “Excellent！” No other teacher had done this.On that day, I felt what it means to be a writer.Mrs.Kelley introduced me to the beauty of literature and made writing so enjoyable.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者以前一直对写作不感兴趣，在 Kelley老师的引导下，他逐渐感受到写作的乐趣，继而全身心投入其中，最终获得了老师的肯定。‎ ‎4．What made Mrs.Kelley so special according to the author?‎ A．Her patience and kindness.‎ B．Her confidence in students.‎ C．Her creative teaching style.‎ D．Her professional knowledge.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Unlike other teachers, after instructions, she gave an enormous amount of freedom in what we wrote, allowing us to create our own stories using our imagination.”可知，Kelley老师最大的优点在于她的授课方式很有创意，她给予学生充分的自由，允许他们发挥自己的想象力进行写作。‎ ‎5．What does the author mainly want to tell us in the second paragraph?‎ A．He was interested in war themes.‎ B．He should have polished the fiction.‎ C．He was anxious to finish the assignment.‎ D．He devoted himself to the writing process.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中“I wanted to make a story that I felt was meaningful.As I progressed, I was pulled further and further into the reality that I had made.Grammar no longer existed, as my hands gained acceleration”可知，本段作者主要介绍他在接到写作任务后，决心要写一篇有意义的作文，于是奋笔疾书，全身心投入写作中。‎ ‎6．How did the author feel when Mrs.Kelley responded at first?‎ A．Excited.　　　　　　　 　B．Worried.‎ C．Surprised. D．Disappointed.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Sadly, there were no comments of recognition.”可知，Kelley老师没有给出认可性的评论，这令作者有些沮丧。‎ ‎7．What was the biggest benefit the author got from Mrs.Kelley’s class?‎ A．Recognizing his talent.‎ B．Finding the joy of writing.‎ C．Determining his lifetime career.‎ D．Acquiring practical writing skills.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据全文内容特别是最后一段中“On that day, I felt what it means to be a writer.Mrs.Kelley introduced me to the beauty of literature and made writing so enjoyable.”可知，在Kelley老师的教导下，作者由原来的不感兴趣到逐渐爱上写作这门课，感受到文学的魅力以及写作的快乐，这是他最大的收获。‎ C Absent employees cost you money for sure, but what about sick employees that come to work? Move over absenteeism.It seems “presenteeism” has become a far worse workplace problem in terms of causing loss; that is, loss of employee productivity and loss of employer dollars.By the way, presenteeism could mean the practice of workers ‎ working when ill and not operating on their usual level of productivity.The total cost of inefficiency of US employers has been increasing, ranging from about $150 to $250 billion annually, while cost of presenteeism makes up 60 percent of the total cost.‎ Dualearner (双职工) families now account for about 2/3 of all married couples, up from 1/3 in the 1970s.Without a stayathome parent taking care of a sick child, more workers will go to work when ill in order to save their limited sick days (付薪病休日) for when their children are sick.‎ In today’s workplaces, some workers go to work when sick also because they fear the following: appearing less hardworking, receiving disciplinary action (纪律处分), or even losing their jobs.A day or more off can also mean coming back with more work loads or missing work deadlines.‎ According to the 2004 CCH Survey, disciplinary action remained the most commonly used absence control program.Employers want their employees to be on the job and use as few sick days as possible, but CCH says employers that rely on disciplinary action are unknowingly encouraging presenteeism.Employers need to check and make sure that absence control programs are not counterproductive (达不到预期目标的)．Programs such as disciplinary action may in fact force sick employees to work, and this could encourage presenteeism.‎ Besides, set up and communicate policies to help employees understand ‎ under what conditions they should stay home, and when it’s OK to return to work.Employees need to know where their company stands on coming to work in sick, and how doing so can affect others.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Presenteeism(假性出勤)是近年来出现的一个新名词，它有很多意思，其中一个是指员工在生病时还继续上班的行为。有研究表明，假性出勤对企业造成的损失比起旷工还要严重。‎ ‎8．What does the first paragraph mainly say about presenteeism?‎ A．The true meaning of it.‎ B．The huge loss caused by it.‎ C．Its difference from absenteeism.‎ D．Its connection with low productivity.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。综合分析第一段可知，本段着重介绍presenteeism (假性出勤) 这一现象对企业造成的严重损失。‎ ‎9．Why do more working parents prefer to work when ill?‎ A．To have time to care for sick kids.‎ B．To enjoy more family time later.‎ C．To earn more money for the family.‎ D．To live up to employers’ expectations.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，随着双职工家庭的增加，家长无法有一方在家照顾生病的孩子，因此更多的人生病也要上班，为的是把付薪病休日留出来，以备孩子生病时有人照顾。‎ ‎10．What is the author’s attitude to absence control programs?‎ A．Negative. B．Positive.‎ C．Cautious. D．Confused.‎ 解析：选C　观点态度题。分析倒数第二段可知，目前纪律处分是控制缺勤最常用的办法，但研究表明它也会鼓励presenteeism (假性出勤)的发生，雇主应该确保控制缺勤的计划不会有消极的影响。由此可知，作者对于这些计划持谨慎态度。‎ ‎11．Which of the following suggestions will the author give employers?‎ A．Offer longer paid sick leave.‎ B．Turn away those breaking the rules.‎ C．Create a more relaxed atmosphere.‎ D．Teach employees the related principles.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。综合分析最后一段可知，作者建议雇主建立并推广公司的相关政策，以帮助员工们理解什么情况下应该待在家里，什么时候可以回来工作。也就是使他们明白公司的相关原则。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Living with a diet that doesn’t include all the animals and animal byproducts (副产品) is termed as vegetarianism (素食主义)．It contains different types of vegetarians.‎ Those who don’t eat meat of any kind, eggs, milk products, or even don’t consume processed foods containing any ingredients from animals are termed as vegans.__1__ Vegetarians who don’t eat any type of animal ‎ meat or even eggs but consume milk are called lacto vegetarians.Vegetarians who don’t consume any kind of animal meat or milk but eat eggs are called ovo vegetarians.‎ Vegetarianism is accepted and practiced by many people, but each one has his or her reasons.Some people do it for better health.They think vegetarianism is a healthy diet.__2__ They think it’s cruel for human beings to kill animals for their nutrition when vegetarian options are available.__3__ Some religions don’t allow their believers to consume nonvegetarian food.‎ ‎__4__ For example, it can prevent several diseases like heart diseases and cancer.Eating fresh vegetables, fruit and other vegetarian foods like whole grains can help keep a healthy body weight.A vegetarian diet can help improve the process of digestion and thus help the body get rid of poisonous waste products.__5__ Many scientists have also stated that vegetarianism contributes to reducing the effects of global warming.‎ A．There are many vegetarians.‎ B．Fruitarians only eat fresh fruit.‎ C．A vegetarian diet has many health benefits.‎ D．Many people do it because of their love for animals.‎ E．It’s good to have a vegetarian diet but eat meat at times.‎ F．Thus, generally vegetarians live longer than nonvegetarians.‎ G．Many people practice vegetarianism owing to their religious beliefs.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍几种素食者及素食主义的好处。‎ ‎1．选B　根据第一段最后一句和本段的内容可知，本段介绍了四类素食者：vegans, fruitarians, lacto vegetarians, ovo vegetarians。本空介绍了果食主义者。‎ ‎2．选D　根据本段第一句的“each one has his or her reasons”可知，该段介绍人们素食的原因；空后一句“They think it’s cruel for human beings to kill animals for their nutrition”与D项中“their love for animals”相吻合，故正确答案为D。‎ ‎3．选G　下一句对本空进行进一步的阐述，都是围绕religion这一原因，故正确答案为G。‎ ‎4．选C　根据本段的内容及设空位置可知，本空为本段的中心句。本段主要讲了素食的益处，故正确答案为C。‎ ‎5．选F　上文指出，素食可以预防疾病、维持健康体重、促进消化、排出身体的毒素，因此，素食主义者往往寿命更长，故正确答案为F。‎