2020届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit2Theenvironment单元学案设计（72页）

2020届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit2Theenvironment单元学案设计（72页）

‎2020届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit2The environment单元学案设计 单元阅读话题 Imagine you are sitting on a pile of money and can’t breathe for the thick dusty air is blocking your windpipe(气管)．Imagine you have no clean water to use; instead，it’s just a dark and smelly liquid.That is what’s going to happen if you just concentrate on the economy and ignore the environment.However，it is believed that in order to have a clean environment，you will have to spend a lot of money.For example，factories can dump their waste into the rivers，but to keep the water clean and clear，they have to install(安装) filter(过滤器) systems worth around 800/filter.Keeping the environment clean seems costly at first but it will benefit the economy afterwards.‎ Industrialization has a great contribution to the growth of the economy but it also causes a lot of pollution which is the reason for global warming and climate change.The sudden change in the weather has made it hard for farmers to plant crops.Droughts，fires，floods and ‎ hurricanes are happening more and more often.According to Reuters，Indonesia lost 300,000 tons of crop production every year between 1992 and 2000，three times the annual loss in the previous decade due to the bad weather conditions.For countries that rely on agriculture for their economy，they won’t have enough products to export and therefore their economy will be slowing.‎ Another problem caused by air and water pollution is the price the companies have to pay due to health care and loss of workers.EPA data shows that 1 million tons of sulfur and nitrogen oxides(氮氧化物) in the air of a polluted city cause an average of 730 hospital visits and over 200,000 lost days of work each year.Not only do the companies lose their employees those days，but those companies have to pay their hospital bill.Then why not spend money protecting the environment and then benefit from it economically and enjoy a healthy life?‎ ‎ ‎ 根据上文判断正(T)误(F)‎ ‎1．Keeping the environment clean seems costly at first and it won’t benefit the economy afterwards.(　F　)‎ ‎2．Industrialization has a great contribution to the growth of the economy but it also causes a lot of pollution.(　T　)‎ ‎3．The author suggests we spend money protecting the environment and then benefit from it economically and enjoy a healthy life.(　T　)‎ Period One　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Prereading ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．economy　　　　 A．n.责任，义务，本分 ‎2．consultant B．n.&vi.辩论；争论，讨论 ‎3．debate C．n.经济(情况)；经济体 ‎4．flow D．vi.流，流动；流畅地进行 ‎5．duty E．n.顾问 答案　1.C　2.E　3.B　4.D　5.A ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．production A．vt.&vi.回收利用 ‎7．recycle B．adj.贪婪的，贪心的 ‎8．greedy C．n.责任，职责 ‎9．responsibility D．n.产量；生产 ‎10．belief E．n.看法；信念 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．environmental A．n.数量 ‎12．operate B．n.赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分 ‎13．credit C．adj.原始的，未经加工或处理的 ‎14．quantity D．vt.&vi.经营；动手术 ‎15．raw E．adj.环境的 答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C ‎ ‎ ‎[第四组]‎ ‎16．willing A．vt.&vi.用泵(或泵样器官等)输送；涌出，涌流 ‎17．tax B．n.商品，货品 ‎18．goods C．n.(尤指上层)商界人员；企业家 ‎19．pump D．n.税，税款 ‎20．businessman E．adj.愿意的，乐意的 答案　16.E　17.D　18.B　19.A　20.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fastreading ‎1．What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Developing economy is the most important.‎ B．Preserving the environment is the most important.‎ C．The relationship between the environment and the economy.‎ D．The factories which cause much pollution to the environment should pay higher taxes.‎ 答案　C ‎2．Read the subject Lin Shuiqing talks about and number these events in the correct order.‎ ‎ recycling waste ‎ chemical waste ‎ population ‎ fishing ‎ water pollution ‎ production 答案　6　1　4　3　2　5‎ Step 2　Carefulreading ‎1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A．How Ms Lin feels about harmful chemicals.‎ B．How chemical waste damages our world.‎ C．Why human beings should fight against pollution.‎ D．Why the population of animals is decreasing.‎ 答案　B ‎2．In Lin Shuiqing’s speech the following phenomena are mentioned EXCEPT that .‎ A．vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste B．many plants and animals have died C．harmful chemicals make people sick D．large numbers of fish that can lay eggs are eaten by other animals 答案　D ‎3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Lin Shuiqing’s speech?‎ A．Industrial waste destroyed many places and killed many plants and animals.‎ B．Factories producing poisonous chemicals should be closed down.‎ C．Fishes died because of more than one reason.‎ D．Polluted atmosphere can make human beings sick.‎ 答案　B ‎4．Which of the following is shared by both of the speakers?‎ A．We need better laws.‎ B．We should reduce production.‎ C．We should recycle more waste.‎ D．We need to trust companies and businessmen.‎ 答案　C ‎5．According to the passage，most of the following statements are true EXCEPT that .‎ A．Qian Liwei is for the idea of cutting back on quantities of things we produce in order to save the environment B．Lin Shuiqing has different ideas about protecting the environment with Qian Liwei C．Qian Liwei thinks that people are more important than fish and trees D．many people are willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment 答案　A Step 3　Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.‎ People are having a debate about whether 1.to develop(develop) the economy or protect the environment.In Lin Shuiqing’s opinion,2.it is our duty to cut back 3.on production and reduce the quantities of things we make and buy.4.While Qian Liwei thinks that businessmen are not greedy and they don’t hide their responsibilities,5.either.As far as he is concerned，the people 6.operating(operate) these factories are 7.deeply(deep) concerned about the environment，and should 8.be given(give) more credit.In fact，many people are willing to pay a little 9.higher(high) price for things 10.that/which are friendly to the environment.‎ ‎ ‎ Step 4　Sentencelearning ‎1．What I’m here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants，I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。what引导主语从句，第一个that引导表语从句，第二个that引导宾语从句，having worked ...为现在分词短语作状语。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　我在这里要说的是，与很多环境顾问一起工作之后，我知道健康的环境和经济发展是有可能并存的。‎ ‎2．There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produce，and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[自主翻译]　许多工厂和企业控制自己产生的污染总量，很用心地投入资金，修复由自己引起的破坏。‎ ‎3．However，I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled，and less from raw materials，the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[自主翻译]　然而，我确实赞同我们应该更多地利用回收材料制造更多的东西，减少原材料的使用，因为原材料的供应正变得越来越紧张。‎ ‎4．People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.‎ ‎[句式分析]　该句为并列连词but连接的两个并列句，在第一个句子中，that引导的是this belief的同位语从句，that在同位语从句中不作句子成分，只起引导词的作用。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这不一定是正确的。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA.‎ But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many，many times，” says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first Earth Day.‎ According to US government reports，emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier ‎ place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.‎ Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs；today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.‎ Twentyfive years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today，it’s hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that，nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了环保意识在美国从无到有，逐渐增强，说明环保教育势在必行。‎ ‎1．According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about .‎ A．the social movement B．recycling techniques C．environmental problems D．the importance of Earth Day 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it...”可知，当时美国人对环境问题没有足够的认识，因此应选择C项。‎ ‎2．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?‎ A．The grassroots level.‎ B．The business circle.‎ C．Government officials.‎ D．University professors.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，这里强调了这个运动的主要支持者应该是那些普通的美国民众，因此答案应是A项The grassroots level。‎ ‎3．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?‎ A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest.‎ B．They have settled their environmental problems.‎ C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.‎ D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。文章第三段的第一句说明了汽车和卡车的尾气排放量从每年1 030万吨降到了550万吨，由此可排除A项；再结合第二句“一氧化碳排放超标的城市从40个降到了9个”可知C项是错误的；根据第三句提到的“环境问题依然严峻”可知这个问题还没有得到解决，所以排除B项；本段列举的这些数字证明了美国人采取了有效措施，减少了环境污染，因此答案选D项。‎ ‎4．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?‎ A．Education. B．Planning.‎ C．Green living. D．CO reduction.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。结合最后一段提到的“25年以前，在美国几乎没有关于环境的教育项目，而如今，很难找到没有类似项目的公立学校、大学或者法学院了”，再结合布鲁斯所说的“没有教育，就无法改变环境问题”等，我们可以推断出教育(education)的重要性，从而排除了B项“计划”、C项“绿色生活”和D项“减少一氧化碳”这几个选项。‎ B The problem of global warming has caused a lot of people to try their best to protect the environment.Unluckily，there are still many people who think it is hard to go green.In fact，it is very easy to be green in our daily life.‎ You can make a great start by learning to recycle.While this looks really simple，there are many people who still throw glass bottles into their common garbage.Almost all cities offer a recycling bin(垃圾箱) for these items.If you put them in the recycling bin instead of throwing them away，you will be on the path to save the earth.‎ One good thing to recycle is newspaper.But there are still some people who just put their newspaper in the garbage when they finish reading it.As we know，there are many other things we can do with an old newspaper.For example，we can use it to clean our windows.‎ Another thing that could help you to start to live green is to begin walking a bit more.Many people think nothing of getting in their car and driving one mile to get drinks at the local store.If you walk to the store，not only can it take less time，because you won’t have to try to find a parking place，but you will be saving money on gas and helping to protect the environment.If you wish to save even more on gas，take the opportunity to carpool (拼车) each time you can，which has become popular in many countries.‎ There really are many means by which people can start living green.They only have to make some changes in their lifestyle to improve our environment.‎ 语篇解读　本文为说明文。全球变暖已经引起了许多人对生态问题的觉醒，但是仍有许多人认为绿色生活很难。本文给读者们提出了一些简单易行的建议，旨在告诉人们绿色生活并非难事。‎ ‎5．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?‎ A．To advise people to learn to live green.‎ B．To express worries about global warming.‎ C．To show the importance of living green.‎ D．To tell readers that many people are living green.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In fact，it is very easy to be green in our daily life.”及下文对绿色生活的建议可推知，第一段主要引出本文的话题：建议人们学习如何过绿色生活。故选A。‎ ‎6．According to the text，which of the following is NOT true?‎ A．Driving can cause trouble sometimes.‎ B．Newspaper is being recycled by some people.‎ C．Carpooling is not allowed in some countries.‎ D．Many people can’t recycle glass bottles properly.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“If you wish to save even more on gas，take the opportunity to carpool(拼车) each time you can，which has become popular in many countries.”可知，拼车在很多国家已经变得很流行。文章中没有提及拼车在一些国家是不被允许的。由此可知，C项陈述不正确。‎ ‎7．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．Going Green Is Much Simpler than We Think B．Why Do We Need to Live a Green Life?‎ C．Global Warming Is Becoming Worse D．What Is Causing Global Warming?‎ 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了过绿色生活的一些简单易行的建议。其实绿色生活并不像人们想象的那样要花费很多且很难，而是非常简单易行。故选A。‎ C Ireland has had a very difficult history.The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer(征服) Ireland.For hundreds of years，the Irish people fought against the English.Finally，in 1921，the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland.The result is that today there are two “Irelands”．Northern Ireland，in the north，is part of the United Kingdom.The Republic of Ireland，in the south，is an independent country.‎ In the 1840s the main crop，potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.This，and a shortage of work，forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA，the UK，Australia and Canada.As a result of these problems，the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.‎ For many years，the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers.Today，many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices.Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside，where things move at a quieter and slower pace.‎ The Irish are famous for being warmhearted and friendly.Oscar Wilde，a famous Irish writer，once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”．Since independence，Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music，language，literature and singing.Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments.Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin，whistles，etc.‎ 语篇解读　本文从地理状况、人口发展、经济情况以及社会生活等方面介绍了爱尔兰共和国，让我们对这个美丽的国家有了更进一步的了解。‎ ‎8．What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?‎ A．How the Irish fought against the English.‎ B．How Ireland gained independence.‎ C．How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.‎ D．How two “Irelands” came into being.‎ 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。本段的后半部分叙述的是最终结果，所以第一段作者意在阐述两个“爱尔兰”是如何形成的。‎ ‎9．We learn from the text that in Ireland .‎ A．food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population B．people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside C．it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker D．different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。第二段提到在19世纪40年代，由于土豆被疾病感染，大约75万人死于饥饿，由此可知这一时期的食物短缺导致了人口下降。本段最后一句话也是线索提示。‎ ‎10．The last paragraph is mainly about .‎ A．the Irish character B．Irish culture C．Irish musical instruments D．a famous Irish writer 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。通读本段内容尤其是根据本段中间部分的“Since independence，Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of...”可知，本段主要阐述的是爱尔兰文化。其余选项都不具有概括性。‎ ‎11．What can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Life in Ireland B．A Very Difficult History C．Ireland，Past and Present D．The Independence of Ireland 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。文章回顾了爱尔兰艰辛的独立过程以及曾经的艰难岁月，接着概述了爱尔兰如今的风貌，所以“爱尔兰今昔”作文章标题最合适。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018•福建福州一中高二期中)‎ Camping without a campfire is not camping at all.Latenight conversations and games around the campfire are essential for a pleasant camping experience.However，you ought to be aware of the fact that camping with a campfire is not all about fun. 12 If you are planning to set up a campfire，or if you are planning to cook during camping，you should remember some fire safety tips.‎ Choose a campsite which has a campfire pit(深坑)． 13 If there is no fire pit，set up your own.However，you should be careful not to place the fire pit near your camping tent.When you set up a campfire，make sure that you put the campfire materials in the right order.This can help you make sure that there will be no flying debris(碎片) once you light your fire.Put the light materials first such as paper or dry leaves. 14 Finally，make sure that you place stones around the campfire pit.Never burn plastics or other poisonous materials，which will disturb your neighboring campground guests.It will also significantly pollute the air and promote the risk of fire spreads. 15 Use it only when all the other firemaking options fail.‎ ‎ 16 Before you leave your campfire or before you go to bed，make sure that it is completely out.Leaving fire unattended runs high risks of forest fires and the like.‎ A．Then，put the wood.‎ B．Camping can give you a lot of freedom.‎ C．It needs a certain degree of responsibility.‎ D．One traditional camp activity is making the campfire.‎ E．This will ensure that you will be able to control your campfire.‎ F．Once your campfire is set up，do not leave the flame unattended.‎ G．Do not use petrol every time you attempt to light your campfire.‎ 语篇解读　本文就露营时如何选取篝火的位置、添加使用篝火材料以及防护措施提出了建议。‎ ‎12．答案　C 解析　根据上句“然而，你应该意识到用篝火露营不全是为了好玩儿”，再根据空格下句“如果你打算支起篝火，或者如果你想在露营时做饭，你应该记住一些消防安全提示”可知，支篝火需要一定的责任感。故选C。‎ ‎13．答案　E 解析　根据上句“选择一个有篝火坑的营地”可知，E项“这将确保你能够控制你的篝火”符合语境。故选E。‎ ‎14．答案　A 解析　根据上句“先放轻材料，如纸或干树叶”，再根据空格后的Finally可知，A项“Then，put the wood.”是本空的最佳选择。‎ ‎15．答案　G 解析　根据空格下句“只有当所有其他的生火选择失败时才使用它”可知，G项“Do not use petrol every time you attempt to light your campfire.”符合题意。it指的就是petrol。‎ ‎16．答案　F 解析　根据下句“在你离开你的篝火或者去睡觉以前，确保你的篝火完全熄灭”以及最后一句可推知，前一句应为“一旦你的篝火支起来了，不要让火焰无人看管”。故选F。‎ Period Two　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎1．economy n．经济(情况)；经济体 ‎2．spokeswoman n．女发言人 ‎3．debate n．&vi.辩论；争论，讨论 ‎4．flow vi.流，流动；流畅地进行 ‎5．duty n．责任，义务，本分 ‎6．recycle vt.&vi.回收利用 ‎7．pipe n．管子，管道 ‎8．greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的 ‎9．businessman n．(尤指上层)商界人员；企业家 ‎10．credit n．赞扬，称赞，认可；信誉；学分 ‎11．raw adj.原始的，未经加工或处理的 ‎12．seafood n．海味，海鲜 ‎13．tax n．税款，税 ‎14．goods n．商品，货品 ‎15．pump vt.&vi.用泵(或泵样器官等)输送；涌出，涌流 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎16．consultant n．顾问→consult v．咨询；请教 ‎17．billion n．十亿 ‎18．production n．产量；生产→product n．产品；产物→produce vt.&vi.生产，制造 ‎19．responsibility n．责任，职责→responsible adj.负责的 ‎20．belief n．看法；信念→believe v．相信，信以为真 ‎21．environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境 ‎22．operate vt.&vi.经营；动手术→operation n．运转，操作→operator n．操作员，接线员 ‎23．quantity n．数量 ‎24．willing adj.愿(乐)意的→unwilling adj.不乐意的 ‎25．betray vt.出卖，背叛 ‎26．pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作 ‎27．admit vt.&vi.承认；允许进入，接纳 ‎28．focus vi.&vt.集中注意力于……‎ ‎29．envy vt.&n.羡慕，忌妒 ‎30．blame vt.责备，指责 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎31．open the floor自由发言 ‎32．result in导致 ‎33．cut back on减少，削减，缩减 ‎34．at the same time同时；然而 ‎35．be concerned about对……关心 ‎36．cut down砍倒；削减 ‎37．ask around四处打听 ‎38．use up用尽 ‎39．run out(of)用完，耗尽 ‎40．as long as只要 Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎41．With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.‎ 今天的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。‎ ‎42．First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste.‎ 我今天首先要谈的是化学废物如何破坏世界上的大片区域的。‎ ‎43．The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.‎ 与1800年相比，世界人口的数量已经增长了六倍。‎ ‎44．However，I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled，...‎ 但是，我非常赞同我们应该更多地利用回收材料制造产品，……‎ ‎45．What if they run out?‎ 如果它们用完了怎么办呢？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ Today’s debate question is...‎ 今天的辩题是……‎ debate n．& vi.辩论；争论，讨论 under debate正在辩论中 beyond debate无可争辩 a debate on/about/over...关于……的辩论 debate (about) sth.辩论/讨论某事 debate with sb. on/about sth.就某事与某人争辩 注意：debate作动词时，后接名词、动名词或连接代(副)词引起的不定式短语，不接that从句。‎ ‎(1)Politicians will be debating the bill later this week.‎ 政界将在本周晚些时候讨论这个议案。‎ ‎(2)He debated with his father about/on the question yesterday.昨天他与父亲就这个问题进行了辩论。‎ ‎(3)One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.正在辩论的问题之一是教育是否是终身学习的过程。‎ ‎[写作佳句]‎ ‎(4)Recently a heated debate arose online in China about the Chinese style of crossing the road.‎ 最近，“中国式过马路”成为网友热议的话题。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ argue 侧重“说理”“论证”和“企图说服”，后面可以接that从句 debate 侧重 “双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。debate作动词时，后接名词、动名词或连接代(副)词引起的不定式短语，不接that从句。‎ quarrel 指尖锐的、气愤的言语交锋，意为“争吵，吵架”。‎ 形象记忆 ‎ ‎[选词填空]　argue，debate，quarrel ‎(5)Experts argue that those playful students should focus on their schoolwork.‎ ‎(6)This newlywedded couple are always quarrelling.‎ ‎(7)The question of the origin of the universe is still hotly debated by students.‎ ‎ Then we will open the floor for discussion.‎ 之后我们将展开自由讨论。‎ open the floor自由发言 take the floor发言 have/get the floor取得发言权 give the floor to sb.让某人发言 ‎(1)When a discussion is under way，everyone is welcome to open the floor.‎ 既然讨论正在进行，欢迎每一个人都自由发言。‎ ‎(2)After they each had said a few words，Professor White took the floor.‎ 他们每个人说了几句话之后，怀特教授开始发言。‎ ‎(3)The president didn’t give me the chance to have/get the floor.主席没有给我发言的机会。‎ ‎(4)Whom will the head teacher give the floor to in the class meeting tomorrow?‎ 明天班会上班主任会让谁发言？‎ ‎ It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.‎ 削减生产量，减少我们制造和购买东西的数量都是我们的责任。‎ cut back on减少，削减，缩减 cut down削减，缩减；砍倒 cut in插入；插话；插队；超车 cut sth.into sth.把……切成……‎ cut off切断，中断 cut out剪掉；戒掉；停止；删除 ‎(1)While prices are rising so fast，many people are working out ways to cut back on their expenses.‎ 物价升得这么快，很多人都在想办法减少消费。‎ ‎(2)Immediate action should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees to better the environment.‎ 应当马上采取措施，像停止砍伐树木来使环境变得更好。‎ ‎(3)It is bad manners for you to always cut in when other people are talking.‎ 别人谈话时你老是插嘴是不礼貌的。‎ ‎(4)It’s your duty to pay your gas bill or else your gas may be cut off.‎ 缴纳煤气费是你的义务，否则会停止向你供气。‎ ‎ They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.他们会联想到那些逃避责任，只想着赚钱的贪婪的商人。‎ responsibility n．责任；职责 ‎※take responsibility for对……有责任；对……负责 a sense of responsibility责任感 It’s one’s responsibility/duty to do sth.做某事是某人的责任。‎ ‎※responsible adj.负责任的，有责任心的 be responsible for对……负责；是……的原因 be responsible to sb.对某人负责 ‎(1)And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”．(2018•江苏)‎ 她说，社交媒体公司也必须承担更多的责任。‎ ‎(2)Personally speaking，I think it is of great importance to have a sense of ‎ responsibility.‎ 就个人而言，我认为有责任感是非常重要的。‎ ‎(3)She has already tried her best to be responsible(responsibility) for her job.Please don’t be too hard on her.‎ 她已经尽最大努力对她的工作负责了。不要对她太苛刻了。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)下课后你应该负责打扫教室。‎ ‎①You should take responsibility for clearing up the classroom after class.(responsibility)‎ ‎②You should be responsible for clearing up the classroom after class.(responsible)‎ ‎ People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这不一定是正确的。‎ belief n．看法，信念 ‎※have belief in对……有信心 beyond belief难以置信的 ‎※believe v．相信 believe it or not信不信由你 ‎※It is believed that...人们认为……‎ 注意：belief 后面可以接一个由that 引导的同位语从句。还可以用从属连词whether，连接代词what，who，whom，whose，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等引导同位语从句。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)The young man never lies to me.I have much belief in his honesty.‎ 这个年轻人从不对我说谎。我非常相信他的诚实。‎ ‎(2)As a matter of fact，what he said was beyond belief.‎ 事实上，他说的话是难以置信的。‎ ‎(3)Believe it or not，I will marry Mary next month!‎ 信不信由你，我和玛丽下个月就要结婚了！‎ ‎(4)It is believed that smoking does harm to our health.‎ 人们相信，吸烟有害健康。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)He turned to Russia for help in the belief whetherthat the country would protect him.‎ ‎ The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.‎ 这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。‎ operate vt.经营，管理；操作；vi.动手术；运转；起作用，见效 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中operate的汉语意思 ‎(1)After her father retired，it’s her responsibility to operate the company.经营 ‎(2)The doctors decide to operate on the patient who was injured in the earthquake immediately.‎ 动手术 ‎(3)The machine operates day and night to process those raw materials.运转 ‎(4)This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.‎ 操作 ‎(5)The doctor said the medicine would operate in ten minutes.见效，起作用 ‎※operate on sb.(for...)(因某病)给某人动手术 ‎※operation n．运转，运行，操作 come/go into operation生效，实行 put/bring sth.into operation使……生效 be in operation运转中，实施中 ‎(6)The new rules will come/go into operation from next week.这些新规定将从下周起生效。‎ ‎(7)It is reported that the law has been put/brought into operation.据报道，那条法规已经生效。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(8)The doctor said that the injured should be operated ∧on at once.‎ ‎ Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.‎ 林女士建议我们应当缩减生产量来拯救环境。‎ quantity n．数量 in quantity大量，大批，许多 quantities of＋名词＋复数谓语动词a quantity of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词a quantity of＋名词复数＋复数谓语动词许多……，大量……‎ 注意：a large/small quantity of与quantities of这两个短语后均可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。前者接不可数名词或可数名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词的数应与其后的名词的数保持一致；而后者接不可数名词或可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。‎ ‎(1)In order to overcome the difficulty，they had to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities from Africa.‎ 为了克服困难，他们不得不从非洲大量购买货物。‎ ‎(2)A large quantity of soil has been washed(wash) away during the rainy season.We have the responsibility to protect our common environment.‎ 在雨季，大量的土壤被冲走了。我们有责任保护我们共同的环境。‎ ‎(3)Huge quantities of oil were leaking(leak) into the sea，which caused the environmental damage.‎ 大量的石油泄漏到海里，造成了环境的破坏。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)A large quantity of air conditioners hashave been sold since the summer came.‎ ‎ Asking around，I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.我问过周围的人，发现很多人愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。‎ willing adj.愿意的，乐意的 ‎※be willing to do sth.愿意做某事 ‎※unwilling adj.不愿意的 be unwilling to do sth.不愿意做某事 ‎(1)We must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food.(2018•江苏)‎ 我们必须为愿意种植国家粮食的有才华的人扫清道路。‎ ‎(2)Life doesn’t count for much unless you are willing to do(do) your small part to leave our children a better world.除非你愿意尽你的职责为我们的孩子们留下一个更美好的世界，否则生活就没有多大价值。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(3)As she was unwilling to accept his offer，she politely said that she could manage it by herself.‎ ‎→Unwilling to accept his offer，she politely said that she could manage it by herself.(改为简单句)‎ ‎ The number of people in the world keeps growing，and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials.世界人口不断增长，我们制造的垃圾越来越多，并且即将用尽更多的原材料。‎ use up用完(一般用人作主语)‎ ‎(1)Producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials is harmful to nature.‎ 制造更多的垃圾，消耗更多的原材料对自然界是有害的。‎ ‎(2)With all the money used up，the man had to make a living by begging.‎ 由于所有的钱都用完了，这个人不得不以乞讨为生。‎ ‎(3)Cars encourage us to take more trips，which pollute more，cause us to be busier and use up more time.‎ 汽车鼓励我们多开车，但是这会造成更多的污染，导致我们更忙，消耗(花光)更多的时间。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　use up，run out of，run out ‎※use up/run out of用完，后接用光物品作宾语，主语则是人或地区，可使用被动语态。‎ ‎※run out用完，一般以物作主语，表示该物已用光，以主动形式表示被动意义(be used up意义与run out相同)。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)我们已经把钱用光了。下一步该怎么办？‎ ‎①We have run out of/have used up the money.What should we do next?‎ ‎②The money has been run out of/has been used up by us.What should we do next?‎ ‎③The money has run out/has given out.What should we do next?‎ 经典句式 ‎ With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.今天的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。‎ 本句为完全倒装句：因为句子主语过长，为了避免头重脚轻，所以采取倒装的形式。本句正常语序为：Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant are with me.‎ ‎※当句首为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come，leave，run等表示动作趋向 或状态(be)的动词，且句子的主语不是人称代词时，通常用全部倒装。‎ ‎※如果句首出现了介宾短语等地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。‎ ‎※当句子中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语连在一起放在句首，把be动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。句型结构为： 现在分词/过去分词＋地点状语＋be动词＋主语。‎ ‎(1)In the dark forest lie many lakes，some large enough to hold several English towns.‎ 黑暗的森林里有许多湖泊，有些大得足以容纳几个英国城镇。‎ ‎(2)Out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand.‎ 那个男孩手里拿着一个苹果冲了出去。‎ ‎(3)Present at the meeting are all the headteachers and some parents.‎ 出席本次会议的是所有的班主任和一些家长们。‎ ‎[误区释疑]‎ 上面情况中，如果主语是人称代词，句子不用完全倒装；在表语放在句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语动词的数应该与其后面的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。‎ ‎(4)Here it is the news that we are going to hold a meeting.消息是我们要开会。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)Lying in the street waswere two men when the police arrived there.‎ ‎ The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.与1800年相比，世界人口的数量已经增长了六倍。‎ 倍数表达法的几种句型：‎ ‎※倍数＋what从句 ‎※倍数＋as...as ‎※倍数＋比较级＋than ‎※倍数＋the size/height/length...of...‎ ‎※倍数＋that of...‎ ‎(1)The production this year is five times what it was ten years ago.今年的产量是十年前的五倍。‎ ‎(2)The height of the new building is three times that of the old one.‎ 这个新建筑物的高度是那个旧建筑物的三倍。‎ ‎(3)Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.‎ 我们现在的收入是十年前的两倍。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)正在为下一届亚运会修建的新体育馆将是现在的三倍大。‎ ‎①The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.‎ ‎②The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times the size of the present one.‎ ‎③The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times bigger than the present one.‎ ‎[误区释疑]‎ ‎※表示两倍用twice或double，三倍及以上用“数词＋times”。‎ ‎※前面的倍数还可以是分数、百分数、小数或a quarter，half等。‎ ‎※“as＋adj.＋as”结构可与“as＋adj.＋名词＋as”互换。‎ ‎ However，I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled，...但是，我非常赞同我们应该更多地利用回收材料制造产品，……‎ ‎“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实……，的确……”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下条件：‎ ‎※句子是肯定句；‎ ‎※句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。‎ ‎(1)To my great joy，the plant did look exactly like what we were looking for.‎ 使我非常高兴的是，这棵植物看起来的确像是我们正在寻找的那种。‎ ‎(2)He does work hard and finish the job in time.‎ 他的确工作非常努力并及时完成了工作。‎ ‎(3)I did admit(admit) that I had betrayed my good friend then.Later，I sincerely made an apology to him.‎ 我的确承认我当时背叛了我的好朋友。后来，我真诚地向他道了歉。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)In my opinion，what Mr Li does does doesdo good to his students in his class at present.‎ ‎ What if they run out？如果它们用完了怎么办呢？‎ ‎※What if...“如果……将会怎么样，即使……又有什么关系？”为省略结构，相当于what shall we/I do if...?‎ What if中的what可以看作是what should sb.do或者what does it matter或者what would happen的省略。‎ What if用于提出假设的时候，后面句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时)，也可以用虚拟语气(一般过去时或者should＋动词原形)‎ ‎※类似的省略结构：‎ What for为何目的？为何理由？‎ So what？那又怎么样？‎ What/How about...？……怎么样？‎ Guess what？你猜怎么着？‎ What’s up？/What’s the matter？怎么了？‎ How come...？怎么会……？为什么……？‎ Why not...？为什么不……呢？‎ ‎[选词填空]　what if，why not，so what，how come，guess what ‎(1)What if large quantities of harmful chemicals go into the atmosphere?‎ ‎(2)—You are late again.‎ ‎—So what?‎ ‎(3)—Jack，you seem excited.‎ ‎—Guess what? I won the first prize in the English speech contest.‎ ‎(4)—Let’s go to the New Year’s Eve party，shall we?‎ ‎— Why not? I guess it will be fun.‎ ‎(5)How come he was late for such an important meeting？‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．We must hold a firm belief(believe) that all things will get better if we work hard.‎ ‎2．As middle school students，we should take responsibility(responsible) to do what we can for society.‎ ‎3．What the public is concerned about is whether a new international order will be established.‎ ‎4．The government has announced plans to cut back on defence spending by 10% next year.‎ ‎5．The doctor said that the operation(operate) on this young man was successful.‎ ‎6．Daniel finished the article and laid(lay) the newspaper down on his desk.‎ ‎7．As large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute)，the lake smells terrible.‎ ‎8．Many parents are willing(will) to do anything to make sure that their children live a good life.‎ ‎9．The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.‎ ‎10．What about going out for a walk?‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎11．What surprised me most was that he had been married.‎ 最令我惊讶的是，他已经结婚了。‎ ‎12．I do hope that I said nothing to hurt you.‎ 我真的希望我没有说出什么伤害你的话。‎ ‎13．The manager was the last one to come to the meeting.‎ 经理是最后一个到达会场的。‎ ‎14．The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.‎ 这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。‎ ‎15．What if the teacher doesn’t turn up?‎ 如果老师不来怎么办？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Scientific management will promote production(生产)．‎ ‎2．The driver has no responsibility(责任) for the accident.‎ ‎3．It was a bad year for films，in terms of both quantity(数量) and quality.‎ ‎4．Although he has worked for just 3 months，he can operate(操作) the machine well.‎ ‎5．My mother had a heated debate(讨论) with my father about her plan last night.‎ ‎6．There is a general belief(信念) that things will soon get better.‎ ‎7．You can ask anyone for help.Everyone here is willing(乐意的) to lend you a hand.‎ ‎8．It has been my duty(职责) to help my mom take care of my brothers and sisters.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 cut back on，ask around，run out of，be concerned about，open the floor ‎9．There are fine meals to be had if you ask around.‎ ‎10．My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol.‎ ‎11．TV presenter：Thank you.Let’s open the floor to questions.‎ ‎12．It shows your friends haven’t stopped being concerned about you.‎ ‎13．If we don’t sell more，we’ll have to cut back on production.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎14．Welcome，everyone！Maria，do tell us a little about the Venice Film Festival.‎ ‎15．There are still many problems of environmental(environment) protection in recent years.‎ ‎16．Of all the consultants(consult)，only Mr Wang gave us some advice on how to recycle the waste.‎ ‎17．Don’t throw away the old newspaper which can be recycled(recycle)．‎ ‎18．His improved performance does credit to his trainer.‎ ‎19．Large quantities of polluted water are(be) flowing into the sea now.‎ ‎20．All around them was only the white snow and the night；they were cut off from the rest of the world.‎ ‎21．It is said that this hole is twice the width(wide) of that one.‎ ‎22．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.‎ ‎23．The door burst open and in rushed(rush) a crowd，shouting with anger.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎24．It made her angry that many students failed in the exam.‎ ‎→What made her angry was that many students failed in the exam.‎ ‎25．A young man sat by the window with a magazine in his hand.‎ ‎→By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.‎ ‎26．This river is twice as long as that one.‎ ‎→This river is twice the length of that one.‎ ‎27．What shall we do if we run out of our energy some day?‎ ‎→What if we run out of our energy some day?‎ ‎28．In my opinion，you should be responsible for taking care of the old man.‎ ‎→In my opinion，you should take responsibility for taking care of the old man.‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 The weather predictions for Asia in 2050 read like a story from a doomsday movie.‎ Many experts and green groups fear they will come true unless there is a united global effort to hold back greenhouse gas outpouring.In the decades to come，Asia—homes to more than half the world’s 6.3 billion people—will change from one climate extreme to another，with tired farmers battling droughts，floods，disease，food shortages and rising sea levels.‎ ‎“It’s not a pretty picture，” said Steve Sawyer，climate policy adviser with Greenpeace in Amsterdam.Global warming and changes of weather patterns are already occurring and there is more than enough carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to drive climate change for decades to come.‎ Already，changes are being felt in Asia but worse is likely to come，Sawyer and top climate bodies say，and could lead to mass migration and widespread human ‎ disasters.According to predictions，icebergs will melt faster，some Pacific and Indian Ocean islands will have to evacuate(撤离) or build sea defenses，storms will become stronger and insects and waterborne diseases will move into new areas as the world warms.‎ All this comes on top of rising populations and demand for food，water and other resources.Experts say environmental worsening such as deforestation and pollution will likely enlarge the results of climate change.‎ In what could be a sign of the future，Japan was hit by a record of 10 typhoons and tropical storms this year，while twothirds of Bangladesh，parts of Nepal and large areas of northeastern India were flooded，affecting 50 million people，destroying livelihoods and making tens of thousands ill.‎ The year before，a winter cold strike and a summer heat wave killed more than 2,000 people in India.‎ 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要向读者说明了未来亚洲的天气情况和现状，还分析了造成这种天气的原因。‎ ‎29．This passage is mainly about .‎ A．present situation and predictions of environmental problems in Asia B．the weather predictions for Asia in the future and the reasons C．how to improve our environment in the future D．reasons why the world will no longer be suitable for us to live in 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，本文讲了2050年的亚洲的天气情况。第三段还提到了亚洲现在的天气情况。总览全文，故A项概括全面。‎ ‎30．In the future the Asian farmers will have to face the following EXCEPT .‎ A．food shortages B．wars C．droughts D．floods 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，在将来，亚洲的农民将会面临食品短缺、干旱和水灾等，但没提到战争。‎ ‎31．The underlined word “doomsday” in the first paragraph may mean “ ”．‎ A．the hell B．the end of the world C．a great world war D．mystery 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第二段及其后面的部分可知，现在的全球变暖及气候模式的改变可能会给亚洲的人们带来糟糕的结果。故说2050年亚洲的天气情况就好像是故事里的世界末日到来时的状况。‎ ‎32．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A．Asian climate will change greatly.‎ B．Some islands may be flooded in the future.‎ C．People may meet with some new diseases resulting from water.‎ D．More than 50 million people have been ill in Asia the year before.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后两段可知，前年的寒冬和热浪导致印度2 000人死亡，而今年的台风和热带风暴则致使5 000多万人受到影响并且成千上万的人因此而生病。故D项描述不正确。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 ‎(2018•山东潍坊高二期中)‎ It’s always been a dream for Alex to take a trip with her mother，but it was a death in the family that 33 made them both realize how precious life really is.‎ ‎“After losing my grandma，I 34 that neither I nor my mum will 35 be here，and that I can’t 36 the right time to come，” the 27yearold girl told The Huffington Post.‎ ‎“After a week of 37 ，my amazing mum and I are off to travel around the United States.We will be travelling from New York to Los Angeles interviewing 38 who are changing the world for the better and 39 the dream I had for a very long time: to travel together with my mother.I have taken a month off work and we are on our way. 40 are waiting！” Alex said.‎ So in August，Alex and her 63yearold retired mother，Halina，traveled to the United States for a threeweek 41 that took them from coast to coast.‎ Alex is the 42 of Looking For Heroes，a social media project，in which she photographs many of the interesting people she meets with， 43 unique tidbits (花边新闻) of their life stories at the same time.The 44 mother and daughter traveled across the nation，visiting cities 45 Knoxville，Tennessee，New York City，Los Angeles and Washington.Along the way they took photos 46 famous backdrops(背景) in each city，making some 47 memories.‎ Meanwhile，Alex 48 much from her mother.Her mother often said “My 49 to young people would be to learn new things，and what you have learned will be your biggest 50 in life.With age you stop 51 about things that don’t matter.With your priorities(优先权) changing， 52 and health become the most important.‎ 语篇解读　亚历克斯是Looking For Heroes的编辑，和妈妈一起环游美国并进行采访，一路上她们对着每个城市的著名背景拍照，留下难忘的记忆。她妈妈对年轻人的建议是：要学习新事物，你所学到的将是你一生中最大的财富。‎ ‎33．A.finally B．simply C．mildly D．secretly 答案　A 解析　是这个家里的一个人的死亡最后使她们俩都意识到生命真的是如此宝贵。finally 最后。故选A。‎ ‎34．A.promised B．realized C．guessed D．hoped 答案　B 解析　我奶奶去世之后，我意识到……。realize意识到。故选B。‎ ‎35．A.thus B．even C．ever D．forever 答案　D 解析　我奶奶去世之后，我意识到我和我妈妈都将不会永远在这里，我们不能等着这个合适时候的到来。forever永远。故选D。‎ ‎36．A.think of B．put aside C．wait for D．give away 答案　C 解析　参考上题解析。wait for等待。故选C。‎ ‎37．A.preparation B．work C．consideration D．rest 答案　A 解析　准备了一周之后，我了不起的妈妈和我将要去环游美国。preparation准备。故选A。‎ ‎38．A.friends B．relatives C．reporters D．influencers 答案　D 解析　我们将从纽约旅行到洛杉矶采访那些改变世界使之更美好的有影响力的人，同时实现我长久以来的梦想……。influencer影响者。故选D。‎ ‎39．A.connecting B．describing C．achieving D．imagining 答案　C 解析　参考上题解析。achieve实现，取得。故选C。‎ ‎40．A.Troubles B．Dreams C．Results D．Dangers 答案　B 解析　我休了一个月的假，我们现在正在路上。梦想正等着我们。故选B。‎ ‎41．A.adventure B．campaign C．business D．gathering 答案　A 解析　亚历克斯和她已退休的63岁的母亲旅行到美国，沿海湾进行了三周的冒险。adventure冒险。故选A。‎ ‎42．A.actress B．model C．editor D．student 答案　C 解析　亚历克斯是Looking For Heroes的编辑。editor编辑。故选C。‎ ‎43．A.inventing B．sharing C．preparing D．hearing 答案　B 解析　她拍摄遇到的有趣的人们，同时分享他们生活故事的独家花边新闻。share分享。故选B。‎ ‎44．A.frightened B．amused C．astonished D．excited 答案　D 解析　激动的母亲和女儿在这个国家旅行，访问……城市。excited兴奋的，激动的。故选D。‎ ‎45．A.including B．arranging C．containing D．expecting 答案　A 解析　由空后的“Knoxville，Tennessee，New York City，Los Angeles and Washington”可知，此处用include“包括”符合文意。‎ ‎46．A.into B．above C．against D．from 答案　C 解析　一路上她们对着每个城市的著名背景拍照，留下难忘的记忆。against以……为背景。故选C。‎ ‎47．A.unbelievable B．unforgettable C．unbearable D．unthinkable 答案　B 解析　参考上题解析。unforgettable难忘的。故选B。‎ ‎48．A.received B．saved C．separated D．learned 答案　D 解析　与此同时，亚历克斯从她母亲那里学到了很多。 learn学习。故选D。‎ ‎49．A.position B．example C．advice D．experience 答案　C 解析　我对年轻人的建议是要学习新事物。advice建议。故选C。‎ ‎50．A.goal B．wealth C．success D．change 答案　B 解析　你所学到的将是你一生中最大的财富。wealth财富。故选B。‎ ‎51．A.talking B．bringing C．setting D．worrying 答案　D 解析　不要担忧不重要的事情。worry担忧。故选D。‎ ‎52．A.family B．identity C．beauty D．job 答案　A 解析　随着你的优先权的改变，家庭和健康会变成最重要的。family家庭。故选A。‎ Ⅶ.语法填空 ‎(2019•河南安阳一模)‎ Many pieces of beautiful pottery(陶器) were discovered in Luoyang，Henan Province,53. there were a few tombs of the Tang Dynasty，when a railway was in the process of being constructed in 1899.The pieces of pottery were either in yellow，green and white colors 54. in yellow，green and brown colors.‎ Because they were found from the tombs of the Tang Dynasty，they were called “Tang tricolored glazed pottery”．‎ The production of glassy pottery in China 55. (date) back to ancient times.Colored glaze was usually not applied 56. the head of a pottery ‎ figure.After the base was baked，a few touches of Chinese ink 57. (paint) to represent the eyes，eyebrows and beard.The facial expression and inner world of a small statue were portrayed(描绘) most 58. (vivid)．‎ There are a great 59. (various) of Tang tricolored glazed pottery pieces.With unique shapes，they had the rich flavor of life,60. (cover) almost every field of life related to the dead，from models of architecture to plates，bowls and from small statues of the heavenly kings with 61. bad temper to those of beautiful noble ladies.They showed the 62. (color) social life and the splendid culture of the Tang Dynasty.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要讲了在河南洛阳，发现了许多唐朝的陶器碎片，这些陶器碎片上描绘了唐朝多彩的社会生活和辉煌的文化。‎ ‎53．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句。 there were a few tombs of the Tang Dynasty是一个定语从句，表示“在洛阳，有一些唐朝的古墓”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填where。‎ ‎54．答案　or 解析　考查固定短语。either...or...或者……或者……，是固定短语，所以填or。‎ ‎55．答案　dates 解析　考查时态。date back to不用于进行时和被动语态，多用于现在时，且主语production为不可数名词，所以谓语动词也用单数，所以填dates。‎ ‎56．答案　to 解析　考查固定短语。apply sth.to把某物涂抹于……，是固定短语，所以填to。‎ ‎57．答案　were painted 解析　考查时态和语态。a few touches of Chinese ink与paint之间是被动关系，且表示发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态，所以填were painted。‎ ‎58．答案　vividly 解析　考查副词。修饰动词portrayed，用副词，所以填vividly。‎ ‎59．答案　variety 解析　考查名词。great形容词，修饰名词，a great variety of各种各样的，是固定短语，所以填variety。‎ ‎60．答案　covering 解析　考查非谓语动词。cover与其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故填covering。‎ ‎61．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。temper作脾气讲时是可数名词，a bad temper坏脾气，是固定短语，所以填a。‎ ‎62．答案　colorful 解析　考查形容词。修饰名词life，用形容词，所以填colorful。‎ Period Three　Word Power & Grammar and usage & Task ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ When I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to ‎ work together more，I was very impressed.当我听到你所说的环境(保护)与经济(发展)需要更好地协调，我留下了深刻的印象。‎ impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记 ‎※impress sth.on/upon sb.＝impress sb.with sth.使某人牢记某事 be impressed by/at/with对……印象深刻 be impressed on one’s mind/memory被印在脑海里 ‎※impression n．印象；感想 have/leave/make a/an...impression on sb.给某人留下……的印象 ‎※impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 ‎(1)I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.They looked really cool.‎ ‎ (2018•浙江)‎ 看到爸爸和保罗叔叔骑马我印象深刻。他们看上去很酷。‎ ‎(2)Williams was impressed with/by/at Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.‎ 威廉姆斯对本杰明印象深刻，并送给他两本经典的绘画书让他带回家。‎ ‎(3)My first impression(impress) of him was that he was a kind and considerate young man.‎ 我对他的第一印象是他是个善良、体贴的年轻人。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)父亲让我铭记努力工作的重要性。‎ ‎①Father impressed the value of hard work on/upon me.‎ ‎②Father impressed me with the value of hard work.‎ ‎ Many people think that economic development and environmental protection conflict with each other.许多人认为经济发展与环境保护是彼此矛盾的。‎ conflict vi.冲突，抵触；n.冲突，矛盾 conflict with与……相矛盾；与……发生冲突；与……相抵触 in conflict with与……冲突 bring sb.into conflict with使某人和……发生冲突 ‎(1)I am trying my best to avoid conflicting with him.‎ 我在尽力避免和他发生冲突。‎ ‎(2)Your request that you should copy my homework is in conflict with my duties.‎ 你想要抄我作业的请求与我的职责相抵触。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)你为什么与你的老板发生冲突？‎ ‎①Why do you conflict with your boss？(conflict v．)‎ ‎②Why are you in conflict with your boss？(conflict n．)‎ ‎ With the opening of the city’s Modern Art Museum，hundreds of people queued up to be among the first to view modern paintings.随着该城市现代艺术馆的开放，成百上千的人排队争先目睹现代绘画杰作。‎ queue up排队等候 jump the queue插队 wait in a queue排队等候 a queue jumper插队的人 in the queue排队 ‎(1)We were stuck in a queue for half an hour.Don’t be a queue jumper.‎ 我们排队排了半小时了。不要做一个插队的人。‎ ‎(2)If you want to see the play，you’ll have to queue up for tickets.你们想要看戏，就得排队买票。‎ ‎(3)Having waited in the queue for half an hour，Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.排队等候了半小时，汤姆突然意识到他把钱包落在家里了。‎ ‎(4)It’s bad manners to jump the queue.‎ 插队是不礼貌的。‎ ‎ This is one of the cheapest and best ways of decreasing desertification.这是减少沙漠化最廉价、最有效的方式之一。‎ decrease v．& n．减少 decrease to减少到 decrease by减少了 decrease from...to...从……减少到……‎ be on the decrease＝be decreasing在减少中 注意：decrease作名词时，常用作可数名词，如have a decrease。‎ ‎(1)This switch has decreased pollution in the country’s major lakes.(2018•全国Ⅱ)‎ 这种转换已经减少了这个国家主要湖泊的污染。‎ ‎(2)It has been reported that exports of that company have decreased by 3%.‎ 据报道，那家公司的出口减少了3%。‎ ‎(3)The production of the crops in the area decreased from 5.2 million tons to 4.5 million tons.‎ 该地区的农作物产量从520万吨减少到450万吨。‎ ‎(4)The disagreements between the two good friends are on the decrease.这两个好朋友之间的分歧日益减少。‎ ‎ The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.这个中心有300多名科学家致力于寻找阻止沙漠化的措施。‎ measure n．措施，方法；尺度；vt.测量；估量，判定 ‎※make sth.to one’s measure按某人的尺寸做某物 take measures/steps/action (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)‎ by measure按尺寸 ‎※measure sb.for给某人量尺寸做 be measured by/in ...用……来衡量 注意：measure表示“测量起来长或高或宽多少时”是连系动词，无被动语态。‎ ‎(1)Mr Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.‎ 史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做一些新衣服。‎ ‎(2)Eat at pleasure，drink by measure.‎ 尽情吃饭，适量饮酒。‎ ‎(3)At the same time they are taking strong measures to protect wildlife resources.‎ 同时他们正在采取强有力的措施来保护野生动植物资源。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(4)The island，which measures 12 kilometres by 7 kilometres，has been purchased by the army.‎ ‎→The island，measuring 12 kilometres by 7 kilometres，has been purchased by the army.(用非谓语动词改写)‎ ‎ There are also things that can be done at a national or international level，such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.还有些事情需要通过国家的力量或国际合作才能完成，如国与国之间共享信息资源的方法，利用卫星找出可能会受到荒漠化影响的地区。‎ pick out找出，辨认出，挑选 pick up捡起；搭载；(用车)接；接收(信号等)；(无意中)学会；好转 pick off摘下，截取 pick on挑……的毛病；找……的麻烦 ‎(1)She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.她被从大批的求职者中选出来做这项工作。‎ ‎(2)We had to pick off the bad fruit from the tree.‎ 我们必须摘掉树上坏的果子。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思 ‎(3)He is beginning to pick up after the operation.好转 ‎(4)Who will pick your son up when you are so busy with work？(用车)接 ‎(5)Mary picked up a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.(偶然)学会 ‎(6)The woman entered the room to pick up the baby.捡起，抱起 经典句式 ‎ The state of our parks is very shocking，with rubbish everywhere.我们公园的状况令人十分震惊，到处都是垃圾。‎ with的复合结构是with＋宾语＋宾语补足语，常见的形式有：‎ with＋宾语＋doing(与宾语主动关系，表示“正在进行”)done(与宾语被动关系，表示“已完成”)to do(表将来，表示“未完成”)adj./adv./介词短语 ‎ ‎(1)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following(follow) them.‎ 这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园里散步，后面跟着他们的宠物狗。‎ ‎(2)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid(lie)．‎ 客厅里干净整洁，已经摆好了餐桌。‎ ‎(3)I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash(wash)．‎ 有这么多衣服要洗，我不能出去。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(4)The teacher stood there and one of his finger pointed at the painting.‎ ‎→The teacher stood there with one of his finger pointing at the painting.(用with复合结构改写)‎ ‎ Upon the arrival of spring，beautiful birds would sing happily in the park.‎ 一到春天，漂亮的鸟儿就会在公园里欢快地歌唱。‎ ‎※Upon/On (doing) sth.是固定结构，意为“一……就……”，相当于一个状语从句。‎ ‎※表达“一……就……”的其他方式有：‎ ‎①as soon as，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...‎ ‎②immediately，directly，instantly ‎③the instant/moment/minute/second...‎ ‎(1)On/Upon reaching the village，we were warmly welcomed by the villagers.‎ 一到达村子，我们就受到了村民的热烈欢迎。‎ ‎(2)I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.‎ 我一到家天就下起雨来。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)一从国外回来，他就建立了一个自己的实验室。‎ ‎①Upon/On returning from abroad，he set up a laboratory of his own.‎ ‎②Upon/On his return from abroad，he set up a laboratory of his own.‎ ‎③As soon as he returned from abroad，he set up a laboratory of his own.‎ ‎ It was as if people were not listening.‎ 好像人们并没有在听。‎ ‎※as if “好像”，在本句中引导表语从句。‎ ‎※as if/though可引导状语从句和表语从句，常用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。如果as if引导的从句所表示的内容与事实相符，则使用陈述语气。‎ ‎※as if/though引导的从句可用省略形式，即as if/though＋过去分词/现在分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语等。‎ ‎(1)It looks as if it is(be) going to rain.‎ 天看起来好像要下雨了。(陈述语气)‎ ‎(2)He treats me as if I were(be) a stranger.‎ 他待我如陌生人。(虚拟现在)‎ ‎(3)He behaved as if nothing had happened(happen)．‎ 他装作若无其事的样子。(虚拟过去)‎ ‎(4)The girl stood at the door as if (she was) waiting (wait) for someone.女孩儿站在门口，似乎在等人。(陈述语气)‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)The man stood there as if he waswere a statue.‎ ‎ I liked it when you told that joke.‎ 我喜欢你讲那个笑话。‎ ‎※在英语中表示喜爱、憎恶之类的动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句，而要用形式宾语it，然后再加真正的宾语从句，这样的动词有：appreciate，enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer等。‎ ‎※一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语然后加真正的宾语从句，常见的动词短语有：depend on，rely on，see to等。‎ ‎(1)I don’t like it when people borrow my things and don’t return them.‎ 我不喜欢人们借我的东西不还。‎ ‎(2)You can depend on it that she will come to the wedding.‎ 你要相信她会来参加婚礼的。‎ ‎(3)A responsible teacher must see to it that every one of his students develops his full potential.‎ 一个负责任的老师务必做到他的每一个学生都能充分发挥自己的潜能。 ‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)I’d appreciate ∧it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Upon his arrival/arriving(arrive) in London，he was arrested by the local policemen.‎ ‎2．With the help of the old man，the cruel criminals were under arrest.‎ ‎3．The beautiful and clean city has left a great impression(impress) on foreign visitors.‎ ‎4．My mother is going to help me pick out a new suit next Sunday.‎ ‎5．I remember the whole thing as if it happened(happen) just now.‎ ‎6．I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.‎ ‎7．The number of employees has already decreased by 20% after the manager laid off them.‎ ‎8．China’s first aircraft carrier，measuring(measure) about 304 metres，was handed over to the PLA navy in 2012.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎9．Upon/On finishing his studies，he started travelling in China.(upon/on doing)‎ 一完成学业，他就开始在中国旅行。‎ ‎10．When you walk into the gallery，you feel as if you were inside a fragile，white seashell.(as if)‎ 当你走进画廊，就好像你走进了易碎的白色的贝壳里。‎ ‎11．A shy person dislikes/hates it when he has to make a speech in public.(it作形式宾语)‎ 害羞的人不喜欢当众演讲。‎ ‎12．The teacher often impresses on/upon his students the importance of making notes in class.(impress)‎ 老师常常让学生牢记在课堂上做笔记的重要性。‎ ‎13．Governments are taking measures/steps/action to stop the atmosphere from being polluted.(measure)‎ 政府正在采取措施阻止大气受到污染。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Some teenagers take drugs illegally(非法地) because they are curious.‎ ‎2．I’m quite sure that you will be impressed(使印象深刻) by the beauty of the city.‎ ‎3．With the economic(经济的) development of our country，more and more students choose to work in China.‎ ‎4．The customs(海关) men went through our luggage very carefully.‎ ‎5．It is said that the water supply is rapidly decreasing(减少) due to global warming.‎ ‎6．We have taken measures(措施) to avoid such things happening again.‎ ‎7．It had been raining for a week and the streets were flooded(淹没)．‎ ‎8．The children clapped(鼓掌) when he finished his speech on Children’s Day.‎ ‎9．He joined the long queue(排队) of people waiting for the bus.‎ ‎10．The soldiers woke up at dawn for their hard drills(操练)．‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 queue up，as if，impress on，on the decrease，pick out ‎11．No one is willing to queue up at the bus stop during the rush hour.‎ ‎12．A local newspaper remarks that crime is on the decrease.‎ ‎13．A young couple in a boat were laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.‎ ‎14．My teacher often impressed on me the value of studying hard.‎ ‎15．The pile of books on the shelf is picked out by the teacher.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎16．Impressed(impress) by the young man’s honest speech，they offered him a good post.‎ ‎17．Some villagers reported a huge snake，measuring(measure) over two metres long，was found dead in a nearby cave.‎ ‎18．According to this survey，some TV programmes should take responsibility for teenagers’ negative behavior.‎ ‎19．They had a fierce debate as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.‎ ‎20．In the literature class，our teacher asked us to pick out all the words in the poem that suggest homesickness.‎ ‎21．Large quantities of information have been offered(offer) since the organization was built.‎ ‎22．I dislike it when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.‎ ‎23．The old grandfather doesn’t want his granddaughter to be operated on/upon this week.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎24．On his arriving in that city，he gave his mother a call.‎ ‎→As soon as he arrived in that city，he gave his mother a call.‎ ‎25．Our teacher came in and there was a book in her hand.‎ ‎→Our teacher came in，with a book in her hand.‎ ‎26．The number of the students who are addicted to games is decreasing.‎ ‎→The number of the students who are addicted to games is on the decrease.‎ ‎27．It is clear that what he says conflicts with what he does.‎ ‎→It is clear that what he says is in conflict with what he does.‎ ‎28．Most of us were deeply impressed by what the professor said at the meeting.‎ ‎→What the professor said at the meeting left a deep impression on most of us.‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 A With 10,600 bicycles in circulation，Paris city officials are hoping the program will provide people with more environmentally friendly transportation.‎ It seems both Parisians and tourists are taking advantage of the program.Since its launch a little over two weeks ago，Vélib has already seen almost half a million rentals.And，with the addition of 10,000 more bikes and 700 more stations in the next 12 months，city officials expect at least 200,000 regular users by the year end.‎ Parisian Olivier Bioret has already gone for a spin on one of Vélib’s vehicles and plans to make use of them more often.‎ ‎“It’s a real pleasure—when，like me，you don’t have space enough in your flat to have your own bike—to be able to discover，to cross Paris and not have to take the subway，” he said.‎ As a socialist and longtime green activist，Mayor Bertrand Delanoe regards Vélib as just a part of his plan to reduce car traffic and，thus，lower pollution by 2020.‎ Apart from its environmental benefits，Vélib is also being praised as a way of collecting money for the city，for all the money from rentals goes to the city government.‎ Paris is not alone in its attempt to profit from the power of the bicycles.‎ Across the globe，cities such as Barcelona，which stated its bikeshare program in March with 1,500 vehicles and 100 stations，and New York，which launched a fiveday trial program last month，are using bicycles as a way to cut back on both traffic and pollution.‎ However，it remains to be seen whether people’s acceptance of these programs is simply a passing fashion or whether this movement has the power to take root and transform the face of public transportation around the world.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了巴黎开展的为市民提供租借自行车服务以倡导环保并缓解交通压力的活动。‎ ‎29．The real purpose of Vélib is .‎ A．to help people save money and space B．to make some money for the city government C．to provide convenience to both Parisians and tourists D．to reduce traffic and pollution in the city 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第五段的内容可知，此项活动是为了推进巴黎的环保式交通，即缓解交通压力，减少污染。‎ ‎30．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．There will be 700 stations in one year’s time.‎ B．There will be over 20,000 bikes in use in a year.‎ C．In the first two weeks there were nearly a million rentals.‎ D．There will be 200,000 regular rentals each day by the year end.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“With 10,600 bicycles in circulation”和第二段中的“And，with the addition of 10,000 more bikes ...in the next 12 months”可知，已有10 600辆自行车，在未来12个月内会新增10 000辆，所以在未来一年内会有20 600辆自行车投入使用，故B项表述正确。‎ ‎31．We can know from the passage that .‎ A．other cities also have such programs B．Parisians can use the bicycles free of charge C．Paris sets an example to many other cities D．Paris is the first city to start such a program 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。通过对文章倒数第二段的整体理解可知，全球有一些城市，如巴塞罗那(Barcelona)和纽约(New York)也开展了类似的活动。‎ ‎32．As to the future of the program，the author is .‎ A．critical B．optimistic C．uncertain D．negative 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中“However，it remains to be seen ...”可推知，作者对这一活动的前景并不确定。critical批判的；optimistic乐观的；uncertain不确定的；negative消极的。‎ B Ever wonder how this season’s celebrations affect the environment? Guest blogger Krista Fairles takes an amusing look at this very topic.‎ The holidays are a wonderful，cheerful time when most people wait for Santa to bring them presents.But I’m not like most people.I spend my time wondering just what the environmental impacts of Santa Claus and his reindeer are，and more importantly，how I can calculate those impacts.‎ Lately I’ve been particularly curious as to whether Santa’s old sled is a clean green flying machine，or if he should be replacing his 8 reindeer with an environmentallyfriendly car.‎ I should mention that，surprisingly，I was unable to find statistics specific to Santa’s magical flying reindeer，so these calculations use numbers from various sources and may not represent actual pollution caused by Santa and his animals.In other words，don’t complain to the government about the damage Santa is causing to the environment based on this article.‎ Santa’s yearly trip around the globe is 44,000 km long，twice the average of a North American driver.If we assume that the magic provides the altitude for this trip，then reindeer power only needs to push Santa’s sled forward.To complete the trip in 12 hours，I estimate they must travel at a speed of about 3,100 km/h.To travel at this speed，for this length of time，the reindeer need to eat an incredible 980 million calories each!‎ So the next question is: how much food is in 980 million calories? Well，if they’re eating corn，they’d need to eat 16,500 lbs each—or 1.6 acres of food.Growing 12.8 acres of corn has its own implications for the environment that we’ll leave for another calculation.‎ We now need to consider that during the global trip the reindeer are “letting out” some of that corn in the form of methane(甲烷)．A resting cow produces 110 kg of methane per year，so flying reindeer would each let out about 4.8 tons.With methane causing 20 times the global warming damage of CO2，and the altitude increasing that damage by 1,000% that another 20 times，we can put Santa’s roundtrip emissions at 15,488 tons.This is much more than the 100 tons an environmentallyfriendly car would release on the same trip!‎ Bad Santa.‎ 语篇解读　圣诞老人每年旅行44 000公里，那么圣诞老人的旅行是清洁和绿色的吗？‎ ‎33．Which aspect does the writer NOT include in her analyses about reindeer’s influence on the environment?‎ A．Distance covered.‎ B．Calories consumed.‎ C．Tons of waste let out.‎ D．Money spent on food.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的第一句判断，A项在其分析的范围内；根据第六段的第一句判断，B项在其分析的范围内；根据最后一段判断，C项在其分析的范围内。只有D项“花在食物上的钱”在文中没有提及。‎ ‎34．According to Paragraph 6，how many acres of corn would Santa need to feed 10 reindeer?‎ A．1.6. B．16.‎ C．12.8. D．128.‎ 答案　B 解析　数字计算题。根据第六段的第二句可知，每只驯鹿会吃掉1.6英亩的食物，题干中是喂养10只，因此用1.6×10＝16，故B项正确。‎ ‎35．Which of the following words best describes the language style of the passage?‎ A．Humourous and concerned.‎ B．Cheerful and friendly.‎ C．Academic and formal.‎ D．Serious and boring.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。作者在第二至四段中用了幽默的语言指出了圣诞老人乘坐驯鹿派发圣诞礼物会对环境造成破坏；从第五至七段列举的数字可以看出作者对此感到担忧。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅵ.七选五 Ways to Beat Shyness and Improve Your Life Shyness can have a huge impact on your life. 36 The tips below can help ‎ overcome your shyness and improve your life vastly!‎ Make eye contact with everyone you talk to.It is so easy to look at the floor，the ceiling，anywhere but into the other person’s eyes.Looking directly at someone makes them see you in a different light.If they think you are confident，you will become more confident！If you find it really hard at the very beginning，look just above the eyes，and they will never know it. 37 ‎ Start a conversation with a new person every day.Think of four or five things you could start a conversation with and then find at least one opportunity each day to talk to a new person. 38 Just exchanging a few words will get you used to talking to new people and your confidence can gradually build up.Asking people something about themselves is often a good opener as it encourages them to talk!‎ ‎ 39 Your body language has a huge effect on both how you feel and how other people perceive you.Walk around your home or garden as if you are the most important person in the world.Then go out and continue that.You really are the most important person in the world.‎ All in all，never give up.Keep practicing and soon you really will be a different person. 40 You need to take action to increase your confidence and beat shyness.‎ A．Just reading tips will not help.‎ B．It will lessen your awkwardness.‎ C．Be conscious of your body language.‎ D．It can stop you from making any progress.‎ E．You don’t need to have a deep conversation.‎ F．Many young people are actually shy in public.‎ G．You can have a talk with your parents if necessary.‎ 语篇解读　害羞对一个人的生活会有很大的影响。本文介绍了一些克服害羞的有效方法。读者可以尝试目光交流、主动与人交流以及运用身体语言等方法。‎ ‎36．答案　D 解析　上一句提到害羞会给生活带来很大的影响。此处承接上文，表示：害羞会阻止你取得进步。‎ ‎37．答案　B 解析　根据上文中的“look just above the eyes”和“they will never know it”可推知，用这种方式能减轻尴尬感。‎ ‎38．答案　E 解析　根据下文中的“Just exchanging a few words will get you used to talking to new people”可推知，交流的时候不必深谈。‎ ‎39．答案　C 解析　下文提到了身体语言对交流的影响，故C项(注意你的身体语言)符合语境。‎ ‎40．答案　A 解析　根据下句内容可知，作者认为要采取行动去提高自信，克服害羞，故此处选择A项(光看建议不管用)，以引出下文。‎ Ⅶ.短文改错 John began digging in his garden after breakfast on Friday morning.He dug and dug.After half an hour all of sudden he found a coin near his foot.He was pleasing.He ‎ put it in his right pocket.A few minutes late，he found another one.He put them in the same pocket，too.The same thing was happened time after time.He was such happy that he went on digging and finding some more coins.However，just when he begins to dig again，he felt something cold in his trousers.They ran down one of his leg.He put his hand down quick，and the coins came into his hand.Now he knew there was a hole in his pocket.‎ 答案 John began digging in his garden after breakfast on Friday morning.He dug and dug.After half an hour all of ∧a sudden he found a coin near his foot.He was pleasingpleased.He put it in his right pocket.A few minutes latelater，he found another one.He put themit in the same pocket，too.The same thing was happened time after time.He was suchso happy that he went on digging and findingfound some more coins.However，just when he beginsbegan to dig again，he felt something cold in his trousers.They ran down one of his leglegs.He put his hand down quickquickly，and the coins came into his hand.Now he knew there was a hole in his pocket.‎ Period Four　Project ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎1．range n．范围；一系列；山脉 vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序 ‎2．climate n．气候 ‎3．vehicle n．交通工具，车辆 ‎4．engine n．发动机，引擎 ‎5．plant n．工厂；发电厂 ‎6．fuel n．燃料 vt.&vi.提供燃料；加油 ‎7．absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注 ‎8．decade n．十年 ‎9．decrease vt.&vi.减少 n．减少 ‎10．drill vi.&vt.打(眼)；钻(孔)‎ n. 操练，训练 ‎11．measure n．措施，方法；尺度 vt.测量；估量，判定 ‎12．administration n．管理；管理部门；施行；(美国)政府 ‎13．flood n．洪水 vt.&vi.泛滥；淹没；大量涌入 ‎14．belief n．看法；信念 ‎15．credit n．赞扬，称赞，认可；信用 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎16．illegal adj.违法的，非法的→legal adj.合法的 ‎17．conservation n．保护→conserve v．保护 ‎18．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→appreciation n．感激 ‎19．electrical adj.电的，用电的→electricity n．电 ‎20．consume vt.消耗；耗费；消费→consumer n．消费者 ‎21．particular adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的→particularly adv.特别地；尤其地 ‎22．consultant n．顾问→consult v．咨询；请教 ‎23．debate n．&vi.辩论；争论，讨论 ‎24．production n．产量；生产→product n．产品；产量→produce vt.&vi.生产，制造 ‎25．businessman n．企业家→business n．商业 ‎26．responsibility n．责任，职责→responsible adj.负责的 ‎27．belief n．看法；信念→believe v．相信，信以为真 ‎28．environmental adj.环境的→environment n．环境 ‎29．operate vt.&vi.经营；动手术→operation n．运转，操作→operator n．操作员，接线员 ‎30．willing adj.愿(乐)意的→unwilling adj.不乐意的 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎31．under way进行中 ‎32．result in导致(结果)‎ ‎33．in/with regard to关于，至于 ‎34．blame...on...把……归咎于……‎ ‎35．let off排放 ‎36．in this case在这种情况下 ‎37．in use在使用中 ‎38．in particular特别，尤其 ‎39．last but not least最后但同样重要的是 ‎40．do one’s part尽自己的职责 Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎41．Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.‎ 对生活在江中或岸边的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。‎ ‎42．There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.‎ 毫无疑问，在最近几年里，世界气候一直在变化。‎ ‎43．Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.‎ 因此，我们消耗的石油和电越多，我们排放的碳就越多。‎ ‎44．I liked it when you told that joke.‎ 我喜欢你讲那个笑话。‎ ‎45．This is when you must draw a conclusion.‎ 这个时候你必须得出结论。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．range　　　　 A．n.气候 ‎2．illegal B．n.(对自然环境的)保护 ‎3．conservation C．n.范围；一系列；山脉 ‎4．appreciate D．vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会 ‎5．climate E．adj.违法的，非法的 答案　1.C　2.E　3.B　4.D　5.A ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．decade A．vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注 ‎7．absorb B．n.氧气 ‎8．oxygen C．adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的 ‎9．particular D．n.十年 ‎10．consume E．vt.消耗，耗费；消费 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．petrol A．vt.&vi.提供燃料；加油 ‎12．electrical B．vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列 ‎13．range C．n.工厂；发电厂 ‎14．fuel D．adj.电的，用电的 ‎15．plant E．n.汽油 答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fastreading Judge the following statements true (T) or false (F)．‎ ‎1．Only the Chinese are concerned about the health of the Yangtze River.(　F　)‎ ‎2．All the illegal hunting of animals in the Yangtze River has been stopped.(　F　)‎ ‎3．People haven’t seen whiteflag dolphins for years.(　T　)‎ ‎4．The amount of carbon is becoming larger with more petrol and electricity consumed.(　T　)‎ ‎5．You’d better throw away paper products in time.(　F　)‎ Step 2　Carefulreading ‎1．What environmental problems does the Yangtze River have?‎ A．The waste being put back into the river is increasing.‎ B．The water is unsafe to drink.‎ C．The waste in the river endangers the fish and wildlife living in or along the river.‎ D．All of the above.‎ 答案　D ‎2．Which of the following doesn’t belong to the things that the organizations and projects do to protect the Yangtze River?‎ A．Educating and advising people on the importance of protecting the river.‎ B．Watching the river and stopping the illegal hunting of animals.‎ C．Assessing the river and trying to work out possible solutions to many problems.‎ D．Replacing the crops on the farmland with trees and grassland.‎ 答案　D ‎3．Which of the following statements about the Yangtze River is TRUE?‎ A．We still have to do many things to protect the Yangtze River.‎ B．All people have realized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River.‎ C．The environmental situation of the Yangtze River has improved a lot.‎ D．Only the people who have worked for the protection can appreciate our work.‎ 答案　A ‎4．To help decrease carbon gases，one should .‎ A．not travel long distance B．never travel alone C．always walk or ride a bike D．use as little energy as possible 答案　D ‎5．What is the best way to use energy?‎ A．Never turning on the lights.‎ B．Recycling.‎ C．Making things by hand.‎ D．Never throwing things away.‎ 答案　B Step 3　Postreading After reading the passage，find out ten mistakes in the following text.‎ As the third long river in the world，the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China or abroad.Rapid development and an increase in population has meant that the amount of water taking from the river is rising.This is not a good news for the people whom rely on the Yangtze River for water.Many people have recognized the important of protecting the Yangtze River，and organizations and projects have been set up to deal about the problem.Because this，the situation on the Yangtze River is improving.The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this muchloved river would be appreciated for years to come.‎ 答案 As the third longlongest river in the world，the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China orand abroad.Rapid development and an increase in population hashave meant that the amount of water takingtaken from the river is rising.This is not a good news for the people whomwho/that rely on the Yangtze River for water.Many people have recognized the importantimportance of protecting the Yangtze River，and organizations and projects have been set up to deal aboutwith the problem.Because ∧of this，the situation on the Yangtze River is improving.The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this muchloved river wouldwill be appreciated for years to come.‎ Step 4　Sentencelearning Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.‎ ‎[句式分析]　该句子是nor置于句首的倒装句，表明前者的情况也适用于后者。that引导的是定语从句，先行词是fish and wildlife。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　对生活在江中或岸边的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ As the third longest river in the world，the health of the Yangtze River has raised concern both in China and abroad.‎ 作为世界上长度第三的河流，长江的环境问题已经引起了国内外的关注。‎ concern n．[U]担心；忧虑；关心；[C]担心的事；关心的事；vt.与……有关；使担忧 ‎※concern oneself about(＝be concerned about)关心，挂念 have no concern with与……无关 ‎※concerned adj.关心的，担心的 be concerned about对……感到担心/关心 be concerned with...与……有关 ‎※concerning prep.关于，有关 ‎(1)European leaders expressed their concern about the environment where they live.‎ 欧洲领导人表达了对他们居住环境的关心。‎ ‎(2)The boy’s poor health concerned his parents very much.那个男孩的健康不佳令他的父母非常担忧。‎ ‎(3)He isn’t concerned about what people say.‎ 他不在意人们说的话。‎ ‎(4)Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.‎ 她最新的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(5)As the teacher was concerned about the student，she called his mother.‎ ‎→Concerned about the student，the teacher called his mother.(用形容词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎ Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.‎ 对生活在江中或岸边的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。‎ range vi.&n.范围，界限；(在一定范围内)变化，变动；排列；山脉；射程 within/in the range of在……范围内 a range of一系列 beyond/out of/outside one’s range超出了某人的范围 range from A to B　在A到B之间变化 ‎(1)There will be an increase in the range of 1 to 3 percent.将会有1到3个百分点的增长幅度。‎ ‎(2)The child was now beyond/out of/outside her range of vision.这孩子走出了她的视线。‎ ‎(3)Satellite lifetimes in orbit range from a matter of days to hundreds of years.‎ 卫星在轨道上的寿命从几天到几百年不等。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)Barbie Dolls sell well，whose prices rangingrange from 5 dollars to 100 dollars.‎ ‎[图解助记]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Two special government projects are also under way.‎ 两个政府专项工程也正在进行中。‎ under way(计划、活动等)在进行中；(船)在航行 all the way一直，从头到尾 in no way绝不(置于句首时句子用部分倒装) no way绝不；没门，不可能 in a way在某种意义上；在某种程度上；在某一方面 in the way挡道，碍事 on the way在途中；即将到来 ‎(1)The boat gave a lurch，and we were under way.‎ 船摇晃了一下，然后我们就开船了。‎ ‎(2)In no way/No way am I going to help you this time.‎ 这次我绝不会帮你。‎ ‎(3)I think differently.In a way，it is a very good film.‎ 我认为恰好相反。从某种意义上说，它是一部非常好的电影。‎ ‎(4)All the students are busy going over their lessons as the final exam is on the way.‎ 期末考试即将到来，所有的学生都在忙着复习功课。‎ ‎ We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River.要解决有关长江的所有问题，我们还有很长的一段路要走。‎ in/with regard to...关于……；就……‎ ‎※as regards关于，至于 in this regard关于此事；在这方面 ‎※regarding prep.关于，至于 ‎※regardless of不管；不顾 ‎(1)That small country is leading the way in this regard.‎ 那个小国家在这方面处于领先地位。‎ ‎(2)Regardless of what his parents think，he is leaving home for a new job in a big city.‎ 不顾他父母的想法，他打算离开家乡到大城市去找一份新的工作。‎ ‎(3)Please give my regards to your parents.‎ 请代我向你父母问好。‎ ‎[误区释疑]‎ regard为不可数名词的时候，表示“尊敬，敬佩；关注，考虑”；作为可数名词的时候，其复数形式regards表示“敬意，问候”(常用于在信函结束时表达问候)。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)至于7月1日的聚会，我将很乐意参加。‎ ‎①With/In regard to the party on July 1st，I shall be pleased to attend.‎ ‎②As regards the party on July 1st，I shall be pleased to attend.‎ ‎③Regarding the party on July 1st，I shall be pleased to attend.‎ ‎ The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this muchloved river will be appreciated for years to come.‎ 在未来的数年里，世人将会感激中国政府和人民为保护我们这条挚爱的河所做出的努力。‎ appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会 ‎※appreciate doing喜欢/感激做……‎ I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。‎ ‎※appreciation n．欣赏；感激 in appreciation of感谢……‎ ‎(1)We appreciate your efforts for the development of the company.我们感激你对公司的发展所做的努力。‎ ‎(2)I would appreciate it very much if you could help me with it.如果你能帮助我做这件事，我将十分感激。‎ ‎(3)Chinese arts have won the appreciation(appreciate) of a lot of people outside China.‎ 中国艺术赢得了国外很多人的赞赏。‎ ‎(4)Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you’ve done for us.‎ 谢谢您为我们做的一切，请接受这个礼物。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)I appreciate gogoing shopping with you this weekend.‎ ‎[学法点拨]‎ 固定句式：appreciate/like/hate/dislike＋it＋if/when从句 ‎ ‎ ‎ However，many other human activities also let off carbon gases.然而，人类的许多其他活动也会释放出二氧化碳。‎ let off排放；使爆炸；饶恕；放过 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中let off的汉语意思 ‎(1)I’ll let him off this time but next time he’ll be punished.饶恕 ‎(2)We should stop the factories from letting off a large number of harmful chemicals. 排放 ‎(3)With the Spring Festival approaching，the boys are willing to let off fireworks.使爆炸 let out泄露；发出(叫声)；出租 let sb.alone不要管某人，不打扰某人 let alone更不用说，更谈不上 let sb./sth.down使某人失望/使某物降低 let in受骗；让……进来 ‎(4)All five boys let out a sigh of relief at having accomplished their task.‎ 五个男孩在完成了他们的任务之后松了一口气。‎ ‎(5)I can’t afford to pay my bills，let alone buy a new car.我连账单都付不起，更不用说买一辆新车了。‎ ‎(6)It let me down，for there was no one that could be relied on.这使我失望，因为没有可以依靠的人。‎ ‎ In particular，metal products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce，so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them away.‎ 特别指出，金属和纸制品在生产时需要大量的能源，因此不要(随便)扔掉它们，要想办法再次使用。‎ in particular 特别，尤其 ‎※be particular about/over对……很讲究；对……挑剔 ‎※particularly adv.特别地 ‎(1)All the products are here.What is it in particular you’re interested in?‎ 所有产品都在这里。你对哪个特别感兴趣？‎ ‎(2)The old man is particular about/over what he eats.‎ 这位老人对吃的很讲究。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　particular，special，especial ‎※particular adj.特别的；讲究的，挑剔的。强调“特定的，个别的，与众不同的”。‎ ‎※special adj.特殊的；特别的；专门的(反义词：ordinary)。强调的是事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的、用途。‎ ‎※especial adj.特别的；主要的，突出的(反义词：common)。强调的是重要性，非普通、非寻常，主要解释为“尤其”。‎ ‎[选词填空]　particular，special，especial ‎(3)It happened on that particular day.‎ ‎(4)He came to Beijing on a special visit to his friend.‎ ‎(5)He solved the problem of especial importance.‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(6)Keep your office space looking good，particularparticularly your desk.‎ ‎ Last but not least，you can plant a tree，because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.最后，但仍然很重要的是，你可以种植一棵树，因为树木吸收空气中的二氧化碳并且产生氧气。‎ absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中absorb的汉语意思 ‎(1)Plants absorb sunlight which provides them with energy.吸收 ‎(2)Things in colour can often absorb children’s attention easily.吸引 ‎(3)I read and reread the letter，trying to absorb its contents.理解 absorb...into...把……吸入……‎ absorb...from...从……吸收……‎ be/get/become absorbed in专心致志于 absorb oneself in专心致志于 ‎(4)Our good learning habits will make us absorb knowledge completely.‎ 我们良好的学习习惯会使我们完全地理解知识。‎ ‎(5)As we all know，plants can absorb nutrients from the earth around them.‎ 众所周知，植物能从周围的土壤中吸收养分。‎ ‎(6)We both were/got/became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ 我们两人都专注于一起简单地玩耍。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(7)As she was absorbed in her thoughts，she made no response to me.‎ ‎→Absorbed in her thoughts，she made no response to me.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ 经典句式 ‎ There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.‎ 毫无疑问，在最近几年里，世界气候一直在变化。‎ ‎※There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……，that引导同位语从句，对doubt的内容进行解释说明，其中there不能用it代替。‎ ‎※doubt作名词用时，若用在否定句和疑问句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。‎ ‎※doubt作动词用时，若用在否定句和疑问句中，后面接that引导的宾语从句；若用于肯定句中，后面一般接if或whether引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎(1)There is no doubt that China’s love affair with the Internet is going badly wrong for some teenagers.‎ 毫无疑问，中国的互联网热正在对一些青少年产生极坏的影响。‎ ‎(2)I don’t doubt that she can do it well，but I doubt whether/if she is willing to do it.‎ 我不怀疑她能做好这件事，但是我怀疑她是否愿意做这件事。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(3)There is some doubt thatwhether he will win the final game today.‎ ‎[学法点拨]　“there is no＋n....”句型还有：‎ ‎※There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。‎ ‎※There is no point (in) doing sth.做某事无意义。‎ ‎※There is no possibility/chance that...不可能……。‎ ‎ Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.‎ 因此，我们消耗的汽油和电越多，我们排放的碳就越多。‎ ‎※the more＋(adj./adv./n.)，the more＋(adj./adv./n.)越……，就越……‎ ‎※the more＋(adj./adv./n.)，the less ＋(adj./adv./n.)越……，就越不……‎ ‎(1)The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life.(2018•浙江)‎ 环保袋越结实，它的寿命就越长。‎ ‎(2)The more you know about the Internet research，the faster you will find what you are looking for.‎ 你对网络研究了解得越多，你找到你要寻找的东西的速度就会越快。‎ ‎(3)Generally speaking，the sooner a patient gets treated，the less pain he or she will suffer.‎ 一般来说，病人治疗得越早，他(她)遭受的痛苦就越少。‎ ‎(4)Gas is getting more and more expensive.‎ 天然气变得越来越贵了。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)The harder you work at it，the greatgreater progress you will make.‎ ‎(6)Generally speaking，the sooner a patient gets treated，∧the less pain he or she will suffer.‎ ‎[学法点拨]‎ ‎※第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来，本结构中常用省略结构。‎ ‎※“比较级＋and＋比较级”(＝“more and more＋原级”)意为“越来越……”。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．You cannot legally(legal) take possession of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed.‎ ‎2．He has a number of interests，ranging(range) from playing chess to swimming.‎ ‎3．I would really appreciate it if you would like to teach them how to use the computer.‎ ‎4．He asked several questions concerning(concern) the future of the company.‎ ‎5．I appreciated having been given(give) the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.‎ ‎6．Absorbed(absorb) in reading，he sometimes even forgets to have supper and sleep.‎ ‎7．She was let off with a fine instead of being sent to prison.‎ ‎8．He didn’t know what to do next，and neither/nor did I.‎ ‎9．Don’t get close to the old building that is under construction(construct)，it’s too dangerous.‎ ‎10．I am fond of music，the popular songs sung by Xu Wei in particular.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎11．There is no doubt that a small child has to learn to keep its balance before it can walk far.‎ 毫无疑问，小孩子必须在能走路之前学会保持平衡。‎ ‎12．The longer the war lasts，the more the people there will suffer.‎ 战争持续的时间越长，那里的人们受难就越多。 ‎ ‎13．There are a lot of goods in this shop，ranging from books to food.‎ 这个店里有很多货物，从书本到食物。‎ ‎14．It is said that the new plan is under way.‎ 据说，那个新计划正在进行中。‎ ‎15．Concerned about her son’s safety，the woman couldn’t go to sleep at night.‎ 由于担心儿子的安全，这个女人晚上睡不着觉。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．My daughter is very particular(挑剔的) about what she wears every day.‎ ‎2．Conservation(节约) of water is of great importance in desert areas.‎ ‎3．The little girl was sitting there，totally absorbed(使全神贯注) in her picturebook.‎ ‎4．It is illegal(非法的) for everyone to drive after drinking some alcohol in our country.‎ ‎5．The people in that country consume(消耗) a lot of energy every year.‎ ‎6．She has had a number of different jobs，ranging(变化) from chef to swimming instructor.‎ ‎7．He buried himself in an electrical(电学方面的) book.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 under way，let off，in regard to，do one’s part，in particular ‎8．Plans are well under way for a new shopping centre.‎ ‎9．I have nothing to say in regard to your complaints.‎ ‎10．The guard must do his part while on duty to protect the safety of the school ground.‎ ‎11．The director stressed that point in particular.‎ ‎12．When John was arrested for drunken driving，he expected to lose his driving license，but he was let off with a fine.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎13．We’ll try our best to do it well.We don’t want to let him down.‎ ‎14．I would appreciate it，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.‎ ‎15．The secret was let out and the public came to know the truth.‎ ‎16．I believe you have seen our exhibits in the show room.What is it that you’re interested in in particular?‎ ‎17．Mike works far away from home and he is always concerned about his parents.‎ ‎18．So absorbed(absorb) was Larry in his novel that he didn’t notice that it began to rain.‎ ‎19．Thomas Jefferson once said，“I’m a great believer in luck，and I find the harder I work，the more I have of it.”‎ ‎20．There is no doubt that if you work hard，you will achieve your goal some day.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎21．He seems to have mistaken a plus for a minus.‎ ‎→It seems that he has mistaken a plus for a minus.‎ ‎22．We still have a long way to go to solve the problems about the Yangtze River.‎ ‎→We still have a long way to go to solve the problems in/with regard to the Yangtze River.‎ ‎23．We have no doubt that the climate has been changing in recent years.‎ ‎→There is no doubt that the climate has been changing in recent years.‎ ‎24．The leaders will hold a meeting to discuss something which concerns pollution.‎ ‎→The leaders will hold a meeting to discuss something concerning pollution.‎ ‎25．What will you do to thank her for her timely help?‎ ‎→What will you do in appreciation of her timely help?‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 The United States Department of Agriculture has a program called Wildlife Services.Its job is to help protect agriculture and other resources from threats and damage by wildlife.Often that means helping farmers deal with unwelcome visitors.This organization has experts from different fields and it has set up thousands of inquiry agencies all over the country where farmers can explain their difficulty and get practical help.‎ One example from Wildlife Services of its work involved a farmer in Washington State，in the Pacific Northwest.Several years ago，thousands of Canada geese landed on his fields.The geese began to eat his carrot crop.Biologists from the program ‎ suggested that the farmer use noisemaking devices and other measures to scare the large birds away.These efforts apparently succeeded，which made the farmer quite happy.‎ Wildlife Services also has a livestock(牲畜) protection program.The program just offers suggestions to keep those unwelcome visitors away instead of killing them.Experts suggest providing secure shelter for chickens，sheep and other animals that could be attacked.They also suggest using lights above places where animals are kept.And they advise people who see coyotes around their property to chase them away by shouting，making loud noises or throwing rocks.For home gardeners，a twometer fence might help keep out deer.To keep out rabbits，a wire fence has to be only about a halfmeter high.It should extend fifteen centimeters underground to keep rabbits from digging under it.If snakes are a problem，remove dead trees and cut high grass to destroy their hiding places.And to protect livestock，consider using guard animals such as dogs and donkeys，which are very effective.Due to its effective work，ever since the Wildlife Services was started，it has been well received by farmers all over the States and neighboring countries such as Canada and Mexico.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要介绍了美国农业部门的一个关于保护野生动植物的服务组织，包括该组织的工作、构成、对各类动植物的保护及发展。‎ ‎26．The underlined phrase “unwelcome visitors” in the first paragraph refers to “ ”．‎ A．animals that attack the farmers B．people who don’t care about wildlife C．animals that do harm to the crops or livestock D．people who pollute the environment of the farms 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词的上一句“Its job is to help protect agriculture and other resources from threats and damage by wildlife.”可知，农作物等会被野生动物破坏，所以，“unwelcome visitors”是指那些破坏农作物或牲畜的野生动物。故选C。‎ ‎27．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that .‎ A．the farmer didn’t have a gun to kill those Canada geese B．Wildlife Services involves some biologists in its group C．the carrot crop was eaten up by the Canada geese D．the farmers like to eat Canada geese very much 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据该段倒数第二句“Biologists from the program suggested that...”可推断，这个组织里有一些生物学家。故选B。‎ ‎28．What is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?‎ A．Ways to protect livestock.‎ B．Ways to deal with coyotes.‎ C．How to protect crops.‎ D．How to find wildlife.‎ 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。由最后一段内容尤其是第一句“Wildlife Services also has a livestock(牲畜) protection program.”可知，最后一段主要是关于一些牲畜保护的方法。故选A。‎ ‎29．How is the program getting along?‎ A．It remains to be improved.‎ B．It is very popular among experts.‎ C．It is well received by the local government.‎ D．Farmers in the U．S.，Canada and Mexico think it effective.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，该组织得到了三国农民的认可，农民认为它很有效果。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 Protecting China’s Giant Pandas China’s giant pandas show the achievement of the international effort to save animals that are now in danger.In television programs we often see pandas 30 funny games.Children have panda toys and beautiful cards with pictures of lovely 31 in them.They often visit the giant pandas in the zoos on 32 holidays and have a good time there.However，scientists are worried about the 33 of giant pandas.They know only about 1,000 giant pandas remain 34 today.They think the giant pandas will die out in 30 years if the present conditions are not 35 .‎ It is reported that the giant pandas have a very 36 birth rate.About 115 pandas live in the zoos and research centres mainly in China，but during the past 10 years they 37 only 34 38 pandas that are still alive.The survival rate of giant pandas in the wild is probably the same or lower.‎ There are several reasons for the low 39 .The main reason is 40 male pandas can make love with females in a very 41 season—only a few days a year.When they do have babies，females often produce two pandas，but the mother is usually not able to care for 42 of them.The newborn pandas 43 only a few kilograms each.They are too weak to live without special care.In the zoo，scientists can help the mothers 44 the young pandas，but those living in the wild do not get enough 45 .It is very difficult for mother pandas to bring up their young pandas.‎ Conditions for the giant pandas have been worse in recent years.Pandas in China continue to 46 in number.We know pandas live on bamboos.But sometimes all the bamboos in one area die.The pandas there have 47 to eat and die of hunger.‎ Giant pandas now live in 13 separate 48 areas in China.Several years ago the Chinese government and the International Wildlife Organization agreed 49 a project of protecting giant pandas in the wild.We hope it could be useful.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲了保护大熊猫的紧迫性及相应措施。‎ ‎30．A.play B．playing C．do D．doing 答案　A 解析　play games玩游戏。see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事；see sb.do sth.‎ 看见某人做过某事。由often可知用play，不能用playing。‎ ‎31．A.pandas B．children C．bamboos D．zoos 答案　A 解析　全文都在讲述大熊猫，这里指带有可爱熊猫图案的卡片。‎ ‎32．A.our B．their C．your D．his 答案　B 解析　与主语they保持一致应选their。‎ ‎33．A.past B．now C．future D．present 答案　C 解析　由本段的最后两句可知，科学家们担心大熊猫的“将来”，担心它们会灭绝。‎ ‎34．A.live B．lives C．lively D．alive 答案　D 解析　remain此处用作系动词，后应接形容词作表语。live adj.活的，有生命的，作定语；alive有生命的，活的，作表语或后置定语。故选D。‎ ‎35．A.turned B．increased C．improved D．considered 答案　C 解析　improve意为“改善，改进”。句意为：他们认为如果目前这种状况不改善的话，大熊猫在三十年之内将会灭绝。‎ ‎36．A.low B．proper C．high D．right 答案　A 解析　根据上文科学家们担心大熊猫的将来及birth rate(出生率)可知，应用low。‎ ‎37．A.cloned B．produced C．kept D．created 答案　B 解析　由语境可知应用produce“生产”。下文中的“females often produce two pandas”也是暗示。‎ ‎38．A.small B．young C．little D．adult 答案　B 解析　young pandas指大熊猫的幼崽。‎ ‎39．A.price B．speed C．birth rate D．limit 答案　C 解析　birth rate出生率，和上一段中第一句话呼应。‎ ‎40．A.why B．how C．when D．that 答案　D 解析　The main reason is that...意为“主要原因是……”，that引导表语从句。‎ ‎41．A.short B．long C．suitable D．certain 答案　A 解析　由下面“only a few days a year”，可知选A项。‎ ‎42．A.all B．both C．none D．neither 答案　B 解析　上文提到“females often produce two pandas”，故选both。‎ ‎43．A.weight B．heavy C．weigh D．heaviness 答案　C 解析　weight为名词，意为“重量”；weigh为动词，意为“重；重达……”。‎ ‎44．A.have B．raise C．observe D．care 答案　B 解析　此处指科学家们协助熊猫妈妈抚养熊猫幼崽，因此应用raise(饲养)。‎ ‎45．A.help B．food C．water D．milk 答案　A 解析　此处指生活在野外的大熊猫得不到足够的帮助，呼应上文。‎ ‎46．A.reduce B．grow C．rise D．change 答案　A 解析　由上文中的“...have been worse”可知熊猫数量在减少，濒临灭绝。‎ ‎47．A.something B．nothing C．everything D．anything 答案　B 解析　由上文的“all the bamboos in one area die”及下文的“die of hunger”可知应选nothing。‎ ‎48．A.protected B．protecting C．defending D．guarding 答案　A 解析　protected areas意为“受到保护的地区”，过去分词作定语，表示动宾关系。‎ ‎49．A.to B．with C．in D．on 答案　D 解析　此处指中国政府和国际野生动植物组织在保护野生大熊猫的计划上达成共识。agree on在……上达成共识，符合文意。agree to同意某项计划或建议；agree with同意某人或某人的话；agree一般不和in连用。‎ Ⅶ.语法填空 Glasgow is situated in southwest Scotland along both banks of the River Clyde and has 50. population of over 590,000 people.It is the largest city in Scotland,51. has successful business，finance，tourism，call centres，and an excellent harbour as well.‎ Glasgow is an 52. (attract) city in Europe.It has worldfamous art 53. ‎ ‎ (collect)，the best shopping in the United Kingdom outside London，and the most 54. (enjoy) nightlife in Scotland.A mustsee is the works of Scotland’s bestknown architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh，the unique style of whom 55. (decorate) attractions such as the Lighthouse，Glasgow School of Art and House for an Art Lover.‎ Art and culture are so important in Glasgow life 56. galleries and museums are great in number.There’s a choice of over 20 57. (include) the world’s first Museum of Religion and the outstanding McLellan Galleries.58. their credit，the Scots value traditional art and culture in Glasgow and have them well 59. (preserve) through long time.‎ 语篇解读　本文是说明文，介绍了坐落于苏格兰西南部的克莱德河两岸的格拉斯哥城的情况。‎ ‎50．答案　a ‎ 解析　考查冠词。have a population of...有……人口，故填a。‎ ‎51．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。此句是非限制性定语从句。先行词是the largest city，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。句意为：它是苏格兰最大的城市，拥有成功的商业、金融、旅游、呼叫中心和一个极好的港口。‎ ‎52．答案　attractive 解析　考查形容词。修饰名词city，故用形容词attractive。句意为：格拉斯哥是欧洲一座迷人的城市。‎ ‎53．答案　collections 解析　考查名词。句意为：它有世界闻名的艺术收藏。指世界闻名的艺术收藏，故用复数collections。‎ ‎54．答案　enjoyable 解析　考查形容词。修饰名词nightlife，故用形容词enjoyable。拥有苏格兰最令人愉快的夜生活。‎ ‎55．答案　decorates 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。句子的主语是the unique style，是单数概念，本句陈述的是客观实际，故用一般现在时的单三形式decorates。句意为：他的独特风格装饰了风景名胜如灯塔……。‎ ‎56．答案　that 解析　考查连词。so...that...如此……以至于……。‎ ‎57．答案　including 解析　考查介词。句意为：这里有20多种选择，其中包括世界上第一个宗教博物馆和杰出的麦克拉兰画廊。‎ ‎58．答案　To 解析　考查固定搭配。to one’s credit值得赞扬的是。‎ ‎59．答案　preserved 解析　考查固定搭配。have something done使某物被……，故填preserved。‎ Ⅷ.微写作 ‎ 写作素材 (关于环境)‎ ‎1．在过去的十年里，管理部门在环境保护方面没有尽到职责。‎ ‎2．现在很多商业人士乐意减少车辆的产量。‎ ‎3．这样做是为了减少二氧化碳的排放。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。‎ ‎ 连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ In the past decade，the administration hasn’t done its part in environmental conservation.Now many businessmen are willing to cut back on the production of vehicles in order to decrease letting off carbon dioxide.‎ Period Five　Grammar—Verbing form as an adjective or adverb & Verbing phrases ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题 ‎1．Other types of waste flow into our water，killing river and sea life.‎ ‎2．When people think of factories，they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers.‎ ‎3．They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.‎ ‎4．What I’m here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants，I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.‎ ‎5．The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.‎ ‎6．Asking around，I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.‎ ‎7．The film being shown in the cinema is very exciting.‎ ‎8．Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?‎ 以上各句中的黑体部分在句中充当的成分不尽相同。黑体部分在第1,4,6句中作状语；在第2,3,5句中作后置定语；在第7句中作表语；在第8句中作宾语补足语。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、现在分词的概念 现在分词是非谓语动词形式的一种，通常由“动词原形＋ing”构成。现在分词既有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语或状语；又有形容词的性质，可以作定语、表语。‎ 例如：‎ They went to the park，singing and talking.‎ 他们边唱边说向公园走去。(singing and talking与went同时发生)(一般式)‎ Having done his homework，he played basketball.‎ 做完作业，他开始打篮球。(having done发生在played basketball之前)(完成式)‎ ‎ ‎ 二、现在分词的时态和语态 名称 形式 意义 一般式 doing 与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；一般与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行 被动式 being done 强调被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行 完成式 having done 分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前 被动完成式 having been done 分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；分词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系 The students came in，following the teacher.‎ 学生们跟着老师进来了。‎ The question being discussed is very difficult for us to deal with.‎ 现在正在讨论的问题对我们来说很难处理。‎ Having finished their work，they went home.‎ 完成工作后，他们就回家了。‎ Having been shown around the Bird’s Nest，we were taken to see the Water Cube.‎ 被领着参观了鸟巢之后，我们又被带着去看了水立方。‎ 三、现在分词的句法功能 ‎1．作定语 现在分词作定语，表示动作发生的时间有两种：一种是表示正在进行的动作，变为从句时需要用进行时态；另一种是表示经常性的动作或现在的状态，变为从句时用一般时态，被修饰词与动词之间是主动关系。‎ The people operating these factories shouldn’t hide from their responsibilities for the environment.‎ 管理这些工厂的人们不应该逃避对环境应负的责任。‎ ‎[学法点拨]　现在分词作定语的位置：单个的现在分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；现在分词短语作定语，一般要放在被修饰词的后面。若被修饰词是something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词，现在分词要放在被修饰词的后面。‎ The girl has pale skin and dark，flowing hair.‎ 这个姑娘皮肤白皙，黑发飘飘。‎ The spokeswoman speaking at the press conference is my classmate.‎ 在新闻发布会上发言的那位女发言人是我的同学。‎ There’s nothing interesting in the circus act.‎ 这次马戏团表演毫无趣味。‎ ‎[误区警示]　被修饰词与动词之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，而被修饰词与动词之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式。‎ This is an amusement park built by those workers.‎ 这是一家由那些工人建的游乐场。(amusement park与build之间是被动关系)‎ ‎2．作表语 现在分词作表语对主语起修饰限制作用，多表示主语所具有的特征。‎ The old man’s childhood experiences are moving.‎ 这位老人的童年经历很感人。‎ Travelling worldwide is interesting but tiring.‎ 周游世界是有趣的，但也是令人疲劳的。‎ He admitted the argument was very convincing.‎ 他承认这个论点很有说服力。‎ ‎3．作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是宾语。感官动词和have，get，keep 等都可以接现在分词作宾语补足语。‎ The twins had the light burning all night long.‎ 这对双胞胎一整夜都让灯亮着。‎ I heard Tom arguing with someone else，swearing from time to time.‎ 我听到汤姆和另外一个人争吵着，时不时地说着脏话。‎ ‎4．作状语 现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。此时现在分词是对谓语动词表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬，也就是说现在分词表示的是比较次要的动作，是对谓语动词表示的动作或状态的补充说明，但它们表示的动作(或状态)是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生(或进行)的。‎ ‎(1)作时间状语 Hearing the result(＝When I heard the result)，I couldn’t help jumping.‎ 听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。‎ ‎(2)作原因状语 Not knowing English(＝As he didn’t know English)，he couldn’t understand the film.‎ 由于不懂英语，他看不懂这部电影。‎ ‎(3)作结果状语 It snowed heavily last night，thus causing the traffic problems today(＝as a result we have the traffic problems today)．‎ 昨晚下大雪，从而导致了今天的交通问题。‎ ‎(4)作条件状语 Turning to the left(＝If you turn to the left)，you will see the post office.‎ 如果你往左拐，就会看见邮局。‎ ‎(5)作伴随状语 The man sat there，reading the newspaper(＝and was reading the newspaper)．‎ 那位男士坐在那儿，在看报。‎ 四、现在分词的完成式 现在分词的完成式(having done)表示该动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。‎ Having cut back on production，the company decided to reduce the staff.在减产后，该公司决定裁员。‎ Having paused for a while，the consultant continued his talk.在停顿了一会儿后，这位顾问继续他的谈话。‎ Having accepted his apology，I forgave him.‎ 在接受了他的道歉后，我原谅了他。‎ ‎[拓展]‎ 现在分词的完成被动式(having been done)表示该动作是先于谓语动词发生的被动动作。‎ Having been injured by the machine，I was more cautious about operating it.‎ 在被机器弄伤后，我对操作机器更加谨慎了。‎ 五、连词＋现在分词 when，while，if，though，as，once，until，whether，unless，where等连词可以直接跟现在分词作状语，相当于由这些连词所引导的时间、条件、让步、地点等状语从句。这时现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。‎ While listening to the debate (＝While he was listening to the debate)，he made ‎ notes.‎ 在听辩论的时候，他做了笔记。‎ When quarrelling with others (＝When you are quarrelling with others)，don’t swear.‎ 当跟别人吵架时，不要说脏话。‎ If talking about the topic (＝If you are talking about the topic)，you should do it in a friendly manner.如果你们在谈论该话题，就应该用一种友好的方式进行。‎ ‎[拓展]　“连词＋过去分词”也可以作状语，这时表示被动的动作。‎ The consultant will not attend the meeting even if invited (＝even if he is invited)．‎ 即使受到邀请，那个顾问也不会参会。‎ 六、现在分词的否定式 现在分词的否定式就是在其前面加not。‎ Not knowing how to respond to her email，he had to pause and think for a while.由于不知道如何回复她的电子邮件，他不得不停下来想一会儿。‎ Not having finished her homework on time，the little girl had to make an apology to her teacher.‎ 小女孩没按时完成作业，不得不向老师道歉。‎ ‎ ‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．China’s approach to protecting its environment while feeding(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.”(2018•全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎2．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.(2017•天津)‎ ‎3．The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，using(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.(2016•全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎4．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using(use) the sun and the stars.(2015•重庆)‎ ‎5．Having worked(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015•天津)‎ ‎6．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，wondering(wonder) whether to stay or leave.(2015•湖南)‎ ‎7．In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，combining(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．(2015•福建)‎ ‎8．The park was full of people，enjoying(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.(2015•北京)‎ ‎9．Having spent(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong，Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2014•福建)‎ ‎10．There’s a note pinned to the door saying(say) when the shop will open again.(2014•山东)‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空 ‎1．Following(follow) the teacher’s suggestion，Tom finally found a way to settle the problem.‎ ‎2．Recently a survey comparing(compare) prices of the same goods in two different ‎ supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.‎ ‎3．Gathering(gather) around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.‎ ‎4．The number of farmers with Internet access has dramatically increased，changing(change) the way farmers do business.‎ ‎5．Having been asked(ask) to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.‎ ‎6．He sent me an email，hoping(hope) to keep in touch with me.‎ ‎7．Many major problems remaining(remain) to be solved，they have to make a discussion detailedly.‎ ‎8．Suddenly，a tall man seized the girl and took her away，disappearing(disappear) into the woods.‎ ‎9．Alexia，having struggled(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ ‎10．Not having caught(not，catch) the last bus，he was late and was the last one to get to the destination.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎11．The girl left home after quarreling with her parents，makemaking them very worried.‎ ‎12．Every year，a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old temple dateddating back to the eleventh century.‎ ‎13．The music of the film played by him sounds so excitedexciting.‎ ‎14．Soon they could see the steam risenrising from the wet clothes.‎ ‎15．What happened to the boy really made all of us very surprisingsurprised.‎ Ⅲ.用非谓语动词改写句子 ‎16．When you look around the ancient city walls，you can see some signs of the ancient civilization.‎ ‎→Looking around the ancient city walls，you can see some signs of the ancient civilization.‎ ‎17．After he finished all his homework，he went to bed.‎ ‎→Having finished all his homework，he went to bed.‎ ‎18．Have you seen the children who were flying the kites on the playground?‎ ‎→Have you seen the children flying the kites on the playground?‎ ‎19．If you are more patient，you can expect a happy ending.‎ ‎→Being more patient，you can expect a happy ending.‎ ‎20．As he didn’t sense the danger，he walked into the deep forest.‎ ‎→Not sensing the danger，he walked into the deep forest.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 ‎1．The old man，having worked(work) abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland.‎ ‎2．The wool feeling(feel) really soft was so expensive that my mother decided not to buy it.‎ ‎3．Having waited(wait) in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he ‎ had left the cheque in the car.‎ ‎4．Having been divided(divide) into four groups，they began to work.‎ ‎5．Not having got(get) his apology for doing wrong to me，I later walked straight to him and beat him on the nose.‎ ‎6．The sleeping(sleep) boy must be dreaming，for he is smiling.‎ ‎7．Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made working(work) in the restaurant.‎ ‎8．The lawyer listened with full attention，trying(try) not to miss any point.‎ ‎9．The building being repaired(repair) now is our school library，one built(build) in 1980.‎ ‎10．Don’t keep the children working(work) on their lessons all day.‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 A With an eye for style and a heart for the environment,18yearold Alexis Giger launched a doityourself blog aimed at “reducing your environmental impact fashionably”．‎ The idea was sparked(激发) by the ecology unit in her biology class at Charlotte Latin School last year，which taught her about issues like deforestation and habitat destruction.“I started thinking about what I could do to stop the wastefulness in my immediate community，” the fashion lover said.‎ ‎“The blog，ecouturieracg.wordpress.com，aims to make reusing secondhand goods store finds or last season’s pieces easy and fashionable while cutting down on the resources consumed by garment production，” Alexis said.Through online research，she discovered that a simple cotton Tshirt takes more than 700 gallons of water to make.‎ ‎“It makes me realize that the fashion industry consumes huge amounts of natural resources as it relies on producing garments quickly and in large supply—many of the garments are only intended to be worn three or four times，” she said.‎ Alexis had a number of tools to help her get started.Her mom，Kimberly，taught her to sew when she was 5.Her grandmother taught her to crochet(钩边) around the same time.Alexis said she also gained technical knowledge and inspiration from her parttime job at a clothing company that creates theater wardrobes for schools and drama productions.‎ Prior to the blog launch，she spent several months illustrating “recycling” projects by creating photo tutorials.Though Ecouturier hasn’t been online long，she’s been getting positive feedback.“I’ve had people come up to me in the hall and say，‘Hey，I saw your blog.I’m working on one of the projects right now，’” Alexis said.‎ She said she hadn’t bought a brandnew piece of clothing since last July，and her thrift store shopping had paid off with finds such as a 5 (31 yuan) dress she wore to homecoming.‎ ‎“Taking an hour from Saturday afternoon to make something for yourself can really have an impact on the environment.A little change every day can really add up，”Alexis said.‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述了一个女生为保护环境，防止资源浪费而开通了一个博客号召大家保护环境的故事。‎ ‎11．What inspired Alexis to launch a doityourself blog?‎ A．Her talent at making handicrafts.‎ B．Her fascination with the fashion industry.‎ C．Her parttime work experiences.‎ D．Her growing concern for the environment after taking a biology class.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The idea was sparked(激发) by the ecology unit in her biology class at Charlotte Latin School last year”可知，创建博客的想法是由一堂生物课引发的，故选D。‎ ‎12．What is the content of the blog Alexis set up?‎ A．It sells items made from thrift store finds.‎ B．It teaches people how to choose thrift store goods.‎ C．It encourages people to remake their clothing in a cool way.‎ D．It informs people of the bad effects of deforestation and habitat destruction.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“...aims to make reusing secondhand goods store finds or last season’s pieces easy and fashionable...”可知，博客的内容是鼓励人们改造旧衣服，故选C。‎ ‎13．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?‎ A．In order to promote her blog，Alexis spends a lot of time online every day.‎ B．The projects on Alexis’ blog have convinced some people to try recycling clothes themselves.‎ C．Alexis has been dreaming of working in the fashion industry since she was a child.‎ D．To start the blog，Alexis learned from her mother and grandmother how to sew and crochet.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。从文章倒数第三段第二句可知，她并没有花很长时间，故A错误；从倒数第三段最后一句可知，有人看了她的博客并参与到了项目之中，故B正确；文中未提到C选项，故错误；根据第五段第二、三句可知，她学钩边之类的并不是为了开博客，故D项错误。‎ ‎14．Which of the following best describes Alexis?‎ A．Creative and responsible.‎ B．Smart and cooperative.‎ C．Independent and humorous.‎ D．Fashionable and amusing.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文章大意，亚历克西斯利用博客来宣传旧衣改造，以此保护环境，可知她不仅有保护环境的责任心，而且还有创造力，很聪明，但文中没有提到她与他人的合作，也没有体现出她的幽默和风趣，故选A。‎ B Orville Wright was born on August 19,1871 in Dayton，Ohio，USA and died on ‎ January 30,1948.Together with his brother，Wilbur (April 16,1867—May 30,1912)，he was the first airplane builder.The brothers created the first controlled，powered and heavierthanair human flight.‎ Their parents were Milton Wright and Susan Catherine Koerner and besides the two famous brothers they had five children.One day after a trip their father brought a small helicopter as a gift.The kids loved it and as they played daily with it，it broke after a while.The brothers managed to create a new one.Wilbur even let go his plans of attending Yale.He spent his time helping his sick mother and reading in his father’s library.‎ In 1884 the family decided to move to Dayton and they remained there until the 1870’s.A printing press was built by the two and Wilbur was an editor.In 1892 they started being fascinated by the aeronautical(航空的) events of that time.Then they started to create an airplane and Wilbur was considered the head of the team.They were the inventors of “three axiscontrol”，which permitted the pilot to steer the aircraft’s balance.‎ In 1900 they had their first attempts to make a functional glider(滑翔机)—of course it didn’t have a pilot.After three years they thought of introducing an engine to the glider.At first，their patent application was refused in 1903，but after one year it was accepted.‎ Orville’s first flight lasted 12 seconds and had 36.5 meters.He was responsible with the public shows near Washington in the United States.On September 9,1908 his flight was 62 minutes and 15 seconds long and the success was huge.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要介绍了飞机发明家莱特兄弟——奥维尔•莱特和维尔伯•莱特，包括他们的爱好、发明以及对人类进步做出的巨大贡献。‎ ‎15．What might make Wright brothers interested in the plane?‎ A．The pleasant trip.‎ B．Catherine’s education.‎ C．The political events.‎ D．Their father’s gift.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One day after a trip his father brought a small helicopter as a gift.The kids loved it and as they played daily with it，it broke after a while.The brothers managed to create a new one.”可知，是父亲带回来的飞机模型使莱特兄弟对飞机产生了兴趣。故选D。‎ ‎16．Wilbur didn’t go to Yale probably because .‎ A．he had to create a plane B．he didn’t have enough money C．he would like to learn by himself D．his mother asked him to stay at home 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The brothers managed to create a new one.Wilbur even let go his plans of attending Yale.He spent his time helping his mother and reading in his father’s library.”可知，维尔伯因为 制造飞机而没有去耶鲁大学上学。故选A。‎ ‎17．The underlined word “steer” (in Paragraph 3) probably means “ ”．‎ A．keep B．drive C．learn D．enjoy 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句“They were the inventors of ‘three axiscontrol’，which permitted the pilot to steer the aircraft’s balance.”可知，“three axiscontrol”肯定是有助于保持飞机平衡的东西，故画线词的含义是“保持，维持”。故选A。‎ ‎18．This passage tells us about .‎ A．the plane’s history B．Milton and his children C．Wright brothers’ lives D．the development of science 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了莱特兄弟的生平。故选C。‎ Ⅲ.七选五 How to Train Guide Dogs in the UK Guide dogs are a big help to blind people.A guide dog helps its owner cross the street and do many other things. 19 In the United Kingdom it is organisations such as Guide Dogs that raise and train animals for the job.Here’s what’s involved.‎ ‎▲Prepare the young dog for its training in its first year by socialising it and exposing it to a variety of different people，places，environments，toys，animals and transport. 20 Teach it simple commands such as “sit”，“come”，“wait” and “forward”．‎ ‎▲Move the dog to a training centre when it reaches one year of age. 21 The course will develop its skills as a guide dog.It will be taught to lead a person while responding to the environment such as stooping(俯身) to check for cars before crossing the road.The dog will be tested by staff members who wear something to cover their eyes pretending to be blind.‎ ‎▲ 22 The advanced level training involves a process.The dog now guides the blind person around busy areas under the supervision(监督) of the instructor until they are satisfied that the dog is ready to be a guide dog for the blind.‎ ‎ 23 Then they will work as a team.‎ A．If the dog has done well at school，it is ready to meet its blind owner.‎ B．Guide dogs are assistance dogs trained to lead blind people around.‎ C．It includes matchmaking，hard training，and lifetime support.‎ D．Begin training when the young dog reaches six weeks old.‎ E．Here it will receive a course of rewardbased training.‎ F．Move the dog on to the final stage of training.‎ G．But it is not easy to become a guide dog.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。导盲犬能够给予失明的人极大的帮助，但是成为导盲犬并不容易。本文为我们介绍了英国的一些驯犬机构是如何训练导盲犬的。‎ ‎19．答案　G 解析　根据空前一句可知，导盲犬帮助主人过马路和做其他很多事情，G项“但是成为导盲犬并不容易”承接上文，且引出下文对如何驯犬的介绍，符合语境。‎ ‎20．答案　D 解析　上文中的关键信息“in its first year”与D项中的“six weeks old”呼应，由空后一句中的“Teach it simple commands”也可推知选D项。‎ ‎21．答案　E 解析　下文“The course will develop its skills as a guide dog.”中的The course与E项中的a course对应，这里是说，狗到一岁时应该被送到训练中心去接受以奖励为基础的培训。故选E项。‎ ‎22．答案　F 解析　根据后面内容可知本段介绍的是最后的训练阶段是让狗在指导者的监督下为盲人导航。所以F项“让狗进入最后训练阶段”符合语境。‎ ‎23．答案　A 解析　本段是总结段，根据下文“Then they will work as a team.”可知，如果一只狗在学校里表现得很好，它就能准备去服务自己的主人了，空后的they指代A项中的the dog和its blind owner。故选A项。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 In the summer holiday，we travelled to Qingdao and paid visit to my uncle there.It’s a long and bored journey.But the moment I arrived，I fall in love with the city.It’s such beautiful a city that I can hardly find any word to describe it.The streets are cleaning and the sky is blue.If you walk along the coast，you can feel the wind to blowing on your face.The sea is vast and sometimes you can find a boat or a ship.You may also do some fishing as long as it is permit.Moreover，I think the driver there drive too fast in the street.You should be careless when crossing the street.‎ 答案 In the summer holiday，we travelled to Qingdao and paid ∧a visit to my uncle there.It’s a long and boredboring journey.But the moment I arrived，I fallfell in love with the city.It’s suchso beautiful a city that I can hardly find any word to describe it.The streets are cleaningclean and the sky is blue.If you walk along the coast，you can feel the wind to blowing on your face.The sea is vast and sometimes you can find a boat or a ship.You may also do some fishing as long as it is permitpermitted.MoreoverHowever，I think the driverdrivers there drive too fast in the street.You should be carelesscareful when crossing the street.‎ Period Six　Writing—Designing a poster ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 海报写作属于应用文写作。海报是一种宣传广告，其内容是提供活动信息、介绍产品或说服别人等。‎ 一、海报的写作格式和内容 海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。‎ ‎1．标题 海报的标题写法较多，大体有以下几种形式：‎ ‎(1)单独由文种名构成，即在第一行中间写上“海报”字样。‎ ‎(2)直接由活动的内容承担题目，如“影讯”“球讯”等。‎ ‎(3)可以是一些描述性的文字，如“××风采”等。‎ ‎2．正文 海报的正文要求写清楚以下内容：‎ ‎(1)活动的目的和意义。‎ ‎(2)活动的主要项目、时间、地点等。‎ ‎(3)参加的具体方法及一些必要的注意事项等。‎ ‎3．落款 要求署上主办单位的名称及海报的发布日期。‎ 大多数海报都由以上三部分组成，但在实际的使用中，有些内容可以少写或省略。‎ 二、海报写作的注意事项 ‎1．海报一定要真实、具体地写明活动的地点、时间及主要内容。文中可以用些鼓励性的词语，但不可夸大事实。‎ ‎2．海报的文字要求简洁明了，通俗易懂，篇幅要短小精悍。‎ ‎3．海报的版式可以做些艺术性的处理，以吸引观众。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．The English Festival of our school is coming soon.‎ ‎2．We are looking forward to your active participation.‎ ‎3．Please come and cheer for them.‎ ‎4．I hope you won’t miss it.‎ ‎5．Catch the chance，or you will regret.‎ ‎6．A friendly basketball match will be organised by the students’ union of our school.‎ ‎7．Besides，we are going to have listening，writing and reading competitions the following week. ‎ 假设最近你应学生会要求设计一幅关于环保的海报。请以下面所示图片为海报宣传画，并根据图片写一篇100词左右的说明性文字。要点如下：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．简要描述图片的内容；‎ ‎2．气候变化带来的灾难以及启示；‎ ‎3．我们应该如何做？‎ 参考词汇：北极熊polar bear ‎ ‎ 写作要求是写海报，写作时应注意下面几点：‎ ‎1．确定文体：这是一篇应用文，是供张贴出来的海报。‎ ‎2．主体时态：一般现在时、现在完成时。‎ ‎3．主体人称：第三人称。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 必备词汇 ‎ ‎1．坐在一小块冰上sit on/seat oneself on a small block of ice ‎2．由于owing to/due to/as a result of ‎ ‎3．逐渐升高的全球气温the rising global temperature ‎4．100年来in/over the past 100 years/during the last 100 years ‎5．越来越多的人a growing number of people/more and more people ‎6．逐渐意识到做……的必要性come to realize the necessity of doing sth.‎ ‎7．减少碳排放cut down on carbon emissions ‎8．共同努力make joint efforts ‎ 句式升级 ‎ ‎1．冰时刻在融化，北极熊看起来很焦虑。‎ ‎ The polar bear looks terrible since the ice is melting every second.(since引导原因状语从句)‎ ‎ With the ice melting every second，the polar bear gets increasingly anxious.(with复合结构作状语)‎ ‎2．由于逐渐升高的全球气温，冰山正在以惊人的速度融化。‎ ‎ Because the global temperature keeps rising，the icebergs are melting at a surprising speed.(原因状语从句)‎ ‎ Owing to the rising global temperature，the icebergs are melting at a shocking rate.(owing to表原因)‎ ‎3．据报道，在过去的100年中，海平面上升了10到25厘米。‎ ‎ Sea level is reported to have risen 10 to 25 cm during the last 100 years.(被动语态)‎ ‎ It is reported that the sea level has risen 10 to 25 cm over the past 100 years.(it作形式主语)‎ ‎4．我们的星球可以被拯救，我们也一样。‎ ‎ Our planet can be saved，and we ourselves can be saved too.(并列句)‎ ‎ Our planet can be saved，and so can we ourselves.(so引导的部分倒装)‎ ‎ ‎ Global Warming Prevention In a very creative manner，this cartoon presents a scene.A polar bear seats itself nervously on a small block of ice and tries to grasp something with all its efforts.The polar bear looks terrible since the ice is melting every second.‎ Owing to the rising global temperature，the icebergs are melting at a shocking rate.It is reported that the sea level has risen 10 to 25 cm over the past 100 years.‎ Luckily，a growing number of people have come to realize the necessity of solving this issue.One major measure is to cut down on carbon emissions.However，we have to be united and make joint efforts.And then our planet can be saved，and so can we ourselves.‎ 单元知识滚动练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎ ‎1．The boy was injured in the accident，which made the driver very guilty(内疚的)．‎ ‎2．When the teacher came in，the students were debating(争论) about that question.‎ ‎3．The young man’s attitude(态度) towards his work really made me touched.‎ ‎4．My mother asked me to do revision(复习) for the coming examination.‎ ‎5．The young cancer patient has impressed(给……留下印象) doctors with his courage and determination.‎ ‎6．The sound quality is so poor that we cannot fully appreciate(欣赏) the music.‎ ‎7．Trees can absorb(吸收) the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.‎ ‎8．I couldn’t hear what she said，for she was too far away and out of my range(范围)．‎ ‎9．By exercising often，you can decrease(减少) your chance of developing heart disease.‎ ‎10．His outspoken views would frequently bring him into conflict(冲突) with the president.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 rather than，under way，keep pace with，cut back on，use up，pick up，let off，set up，in particular，in regard to ‎11．We must try to keep pace with the new development of modern technology.‎ ‎12．To save energy，the public has been told to cut back on the use of water and electricity.‎ ‎13．—Is there any sugar left?‎ ‎—No，I used up the last of it when I made a cake.‎ ‎14．I’m more than happy to pick up the visitor at the station.‎ ‎15．Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad，he sold them at half price.‎ ‎16．From his satisfied voice on the phone，I know everything is going under way.‎ ‎17．They set up many branches throughout the country.‎ ‎18．I am interested in stories in general，and in detective stories in particular.‎ ‎19．One of my neighbours let off fireworks to celebrate the wedding of his daughter.‎ ‎20．In regard to the question，I have a good idea.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎21．I don’t feel like sleeping(sleep) now.I’d prefer to do my homework at present.‎ ‎22．The girl is working hard in order to be admitted(admit) into a key university.‎ ‎23．I would appreciate your allowing(allow) me to make another date to show you around Beijing.‎ ‎24．She is particularly(particular) fond of reading classic novels.‎ ‎25．I would like to express my appreciation(appreciate) and thanks to you all.‎ ‎26．The young man was taken into that room，with his hand tied(tie) behind his back.‎ ‎27．It is said that they will discuss something concerning(concern) education next week.‎ ‎28．They will have you arrested(arrest) if you don’t pay taxes，because it is everyone’s duty to pay taxes.‎ ‎29．We saw a quick film showing the various stages in the production(produce) of glass.‎ ‎30．The company says it cannot cut its prices any more because it has a responsibility(responsible) to its share holders.‎ ‎31．With the arrival(arrive) of John’s friends，the party became really enjoyable.‎ ‎32．Scott was arrested when he was found in possession of illegal(legal) drugs.‎ ‎33．I think we need to see a computer consultant(consult) before we make an expensive mistake.‎ ‎34．The better(well) you prepare for the examination，the more confident you will be.‎ ‎35．I doubt whether/if he will be offered the chance to go abroad.‎ Ⅳ.单元语法——用现在分词转换句子 ‎36．The building which is being built now will be our dining hall.‎ ‎→The building being built now will be our dining hall.‎ ‎37．Tell the boys who are playing over there not to make any noise.‎ ‎→Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.‎ ‎38．When they left the airport，they waved again and again to us.‎ ‎→Leaving the airport，they waved again and again to us.‎ ‎39．Since we are league members，we are ready to help others.‎ ‎→Being league members，we are ready to help others.‎ ‎40．He fell off the bike，so that he hit his head against a big stone.‎ ‎→He fell off the bike，hitting his head against a big stone.‎ 核心素养拓展练 素养解读　2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“文化意识”这一学科素养展开的，旨在帮助学生了解更多的健康知识，知道生命是如此短暂和珍贵，我们必须健康地生活下去。‎ 主题：比传统肉更健康、更环保的人造肉学科素养：文化意识 Where does the meat on our table come from? It usually comes from livestock like chickens and cows.But did you know that meat can also be made in a lab？US company JUST has announced that labgrown meat could be on some，restaurant menus in the United States and Asia by the end of 2018，The Independent reported.‎ ‎“These meats include chicken nuggets(鸡块)，sausage and foie gras(鹅肝酱)，” Josh Tetrick，CEO of JUST，told The Independent.Lab meat is sometimes referred to as “clean meat”．It is made using the stem cells(干细胞) of living livestock.The cells need to be grown in a lab for a few weeks.For example，making a hamburger patty(肉饼) takes about nine weeks，CNN reported.This is faster than raising a cow，which usually takes over 20 weeks.‎ The first clean meat was a beef burger that was produced in 2013，but it was said to taste quite dry.How does clean meat taste now? Clean meat supporters told CNN that they think it tastes just like traditional meat.‎ Clean meat has other advantages.It is healthier than traditional meat.Meat producers can control what type of fats goes into the meat.They can produce clean meat that contains healthy fats，such as omega3 fatty acids(脂肪酸)．This kind of fat is good for people’s hearts.‎ Clean meat can also help to solve global warming.According to The Washington Post，about 14.5 percent of the planet’s greenhouse gas emissions(排放) come from raising livestock.That’s more than the emissions from every car，train，ship and airplane in the world combined.It is predicted that switching to clean meat could lower greenhouse gas emissions by 96 percent，The Independent reported.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇科普说明文。美国JUST公司曾宣布，到2018年底，在美国和亚洲的一些餐厅菜单上可能会出现人造肉。人造肉的口感与传统肉无异，此外，人造肉比传统肉更健康、更环保。‎ ‎1．Where may the meat we eat come from in future?‎ A．Companies. B．Greenhouses.‎ C．Labs. D．Restaurants.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“But did you know that meat can also be made in a lab？”可知，在未来肉可能是在实验室里做成的，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．What can be used to make “clean meat”？ ‎ A．Stem cells. B．Fatty acids.‎ C．Hamburger patties. D．Chicken nuggets.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“It is made using the stem cells(干细胞) of living livestock.”可知，这种肉是利用活的家畜的干细胞做成的，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．What is the advantage of clean meat?‎ A．It is fatty. B．It is healthy.‎ C．It is free. D．It is smelly.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“It is healthier than traditional meat.”可知，这种人造肉比传统肉更健康，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．What do we know about clean meat from the last paragraph?‎ A．It comes from livestock.‎ B．It can be switched off.‎ C．It results in global warming.‎ D．It benefits the environment.‎ 答案　 D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Clean meat can also help to solve global warming.”可知，这种人造肉还可以帮助解决全球变暖问题。由此可以推断，这种人造肉有利于环境保护，故D项正确。‎ Notes：‎ Ⅰ.高频词汇 raise vt.举起，抬起；提高，增加；筹集；提出；养育；饲养；种植 Ⅱ.长难句分析 The first clean meat was a beef burger that was produced in 2013，but it was said to taste quite dry.‎ 分析　该句是由but连接的两个并列分句构成，其中第一个分句为主从复合句，“that was produced in 2013”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a beef burger，关系词在从句中作主语。‎ 翻译　第一批(人造的)干净的肉是2013年生产的牛肉汉堡，但据说它吃起来干巴巴的。‎ 模拟高考强化练 ‎ 练模拟 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2018•河南中原名校高三预测)‎ From the loss of wildlife to rising sea levels，we’re all well aware of the problems that ‎ climate change could cause.‎ But while it may seem like such issues won’t affect most of us directly，it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted：chocolate.‎ According to an essay published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，changes to the climate in the regions that produce cacao—the plant from which chocolate is produced—may mean that it will soon become extinct.‎ Most of the world’s cacao grows in countries close to the equator，with over half of it growing in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast.‎ It’s predicted that by 2050，climate change will have accelerated the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise，making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there.‎ The problem doesn’t lie in increased heat，however，but in lower humidity(湿度)，as it’s believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.‎ ‎“In other words，as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants，it’s unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture(含水量) loss，” Michon Scott，the essay’s author，wrote.‎ To help fight this problem，researchers from Berkeley University in the US are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene editing technology，according to US News.‎ In the meantime，US company Mars，one of the world’s biggest manufacturers of chocolate products，announced in January that it would spend 1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change.‎ ‎“This is a world issue，and it requires everyone to work together，” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider.‎ The message here is that if we all do our part，we may be able to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change.Or if we’re unlucky，chocolate will become a thing of the past.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了未来由于气候的变化，为制造巧克力提供原料的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史。‎ ‎1．What could make it hard for cacao to survive around the equator in the future?‎ A．The increased heat there.‎ B．The higher humidity there.‎ C．The decrease in rainfall there.‎ D．The moisture loss in the soil there.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第七段可知，未来赤道附近的可可树很难存活，是因为那里土壤中水分的流失，故选D。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “offset” in the seventh paragraph mean?‎ A．Hold back. B．Make up for.‎ C．Protect. D．Accept.‎ 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。由第七段可知，高温带走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，降雨量不可能增长到足以抵消水分流失的水平，所以“offset”的意思是“弥补，抵消”，故选B。‎ ‎3．What will US company Mars do to help cacao survive?‎ A．It will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses.‎ B．It will apply gene editing technology in planting cacao.‎ C．It will give financial support to help fight climate change.‎ D．It will develop cacao that can survive in dryer conditions.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由倒数第三段可知，美国的火星巧克力公司将为对抗气候变化提供资金援助，故选C。‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for this text?‎ A．Chocolate Could Become History B．Work Together to Fight Climate Change C．How Do We Grow Cacao in the Future?‎ D．How Do Cacao Plants Affect Climate Change?‎ 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲了未来由于气候的变化，为制造巧克力提供原料的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史，故选A。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018•江西新余高三模拟)‎ Many people think of guys as being carefree when it comes to their appearance.But in fact，a lot of guys spend plenty of time in front of the mirror.They care just as much as girls do about their body image.‎ Body image is a person’s opinions and feelings about his or her own body and physical appearance. 5 You appreciate your body for its capabilities and accept its imperfections. 6 Here are some ideas.‎ Recognize your strengths.‎ Different body types are good for different things.What does your body do well? Maybe your speed，strength，or coordination makes you better than others at a certain sport.That may be basketball，table tennis，mountain biking，dancing，or even running.Or perhaps you have nonsports skills，like drawing，painting，singing，playing a musical instrument，writing，or acting. ‎ ‎7 ‎ Exercise regularly.‎ Exercise can help you look well and feel good about yourself.Good physiques(体形) don’t just happen. 8 A healthy habit can be as simple as exercising 20 minutes to 1 hour three days a week.Working out can also lift your spirits.‎ Respect your body.‎ Practicing good habits—regular showering；taking care of your teeth，hair and skin；wearing clean clothes，and so on—can help you build a positive body image.‎ ‎ 9 ‎ Your body is just one part of who you are.Your talent for comedy，a quick wit(智慧)，and all the other things make you unique.So try not to let small imperfections take over.‎ A．Be yourself.‎ B．Just explore talents that you feel good about.‎ C．So，what can you do to develop a positive body image?‎ D．Use this as an opportunity to discover what you’re good at.‎ E．The good news is that selfimage and body image can be changed.‎ F．They take hard work，regular workouts，and a healthy diet.‎ G．Having a positive body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look.‎ 语篇解读　男孩其实和女孩一样很在意自己的形象，本文就如何才能有好的形象提出了几点建议。‎ ‎5．答案　G 解析　空前的意思是：身体形象是一个人对自己的身体和面貌特征的看法和想法。空后的意思是：你欣赏你身体的能力并接受它的不足。所以这里选G(有积极的形象意味着我们对于自己的长相是满意的。)与上下文一致。‎ ‎6．答案　C 解析　空后的意思是：这里有一些建议。所以这里选C(所以为了发展一个健康的形象你可以做什么？)与上下文一致。‎ ‎7．答案　B 解析　空前的意思是：或许你有非运动技巧，像画画、唱歌、玩乐器、写作或者表演。所以这里选B(只需探索你感觉好的天赋。)与上下文一致。‎ ‎8．答案　F 解析　空前的意思是：好的身材不会凭空就会有。空后的意思是：健康的习惯是像一周三天二十分钟到一个小时的锻炼时间这样简单。所以这里选F(好的身体需要努力、有规律的锻炼和健康的饮食。)与上下文一致。‎ ‎9．答案　A 解析　该空为段落小标题。下文的意思是：你的身体只是你自己的一部分。不要被一些小缺点所掌控。所以这里选A(做你自己。)与上下文一致。‎ ‎ 过高考 ‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2019•浙江)‎ During the war，my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there in order to be 10 him.I hated the place.I had never 11 been so unhappy.My husband was ordered out on a longterm duty，and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone.The heat was 12 —almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)． 13 a soul to talk to.The wind blew nonstop，and all the food I ate，and the very air I breathed，were 14 with sand，sand，sand!‎ I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents.I told them I was 15 and coming back home.I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer.I 16 be in prison! My father answered my 17 with just two lines—two lines that will always sing in my 18 —two lines that completely changed my life：‎ Two men looked out from prison bars，‎ One saw the mud，the other saw the stars.‎ I read those two lines 19 .I was ashamed of myself.I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present 20 ；I would look for the stars.‎ I made friends with the natives，and their 21 amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 22 to sell to tourists.I studied the delightful forms of the cactus.I watched for the desert sunsets，and 23 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean 24 .‎ What brought about this 25 change in me? The desert hadn’t changed， 26 I had.I had changed my 27 .And by doing so，I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing 28 of my life.I was excited by this new world that I had discovered.I had looked out of my selfcreated prison and 29 the stars.‎ 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述自己为了离丈夫近一些，住在他所在的沙漠的军营里，寂寞的生活和恶劣的生存环境让++作者难以忍受，她写信告诉父母要回家。父亲给她的信中只有两行字，就是这两行字使作者改变了生活态度，学会了在逆境中享受生活。‎ ‎10．A.off B．behind C．near D．beyond 答案　C 解析　根据空格前的went to live there可以看出，作者到那里住的目的是希望离丈夫近(near)一些。off离开；behind在……后面；near在……附近；beyond超出，远于。‎ ‎11．A.before B．already C．then D．still 答案　A 解析　根据上文使用的过去时及第二段第三句“I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer.”可知，作者在此之前(before)从未那么不快乐过。before在……之前；already已经；then然后，那么；still仍然。‎ ‎12．A.inflexible B．incomprehensible ‎ C．uncontrollable D．unbearable 答案　D 解析　由破折号后的“almost 125°F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)．”可知，即便是在仙人掌的阴凉里，这种炎热也是让人无法忍受的(unbearable)。inflexible缺乏弹性的，不可改变的；incomprehensible难懂的，不可理解的；uncontrollable控制不住的，无法管束的；unbearable无法忍受的，承受不住的。‎ ‎13．A.Only B．Not C．Many D．Such 答案　B 解析　由该段内容可以看出，作者所居住的地方环境很恶劣，可推知空格处应该指这里没有(not)作者可以与之聊天的人。only仅仅，只有；not没有；many许多；such那样的。‎ ‎14．A.covered B．filled C．buried D．charged 答案　B 解析　be covered with用……覆盖；be filled with充满……；be buried with被……掩埋；be charged with被指控犯……(罪)‎ ‎。由该句语境可以看出，无论是作者吃的食物还是呼吸的空气，到处都充满了(were filled with)沙子。‎ ‎15．A.catching up B．keeping up ‎ C．giving up D．getting up 答案　C 解析　由后面的“I said I couldn’t stand it one minute longer.”可以看出，由于居住地恶劣的环境，作者打算放弃(give up)并准备回家。catch up赶上；keep up保持，维持；give up放弃；get up起床。‎ ‎16．A.ought to B．might well ‎ C．would rather D．had better 答案　C 解析　由该空所在句可知，作者在信中告诉父母，她一分钟也坚持不下去了，她宁愿(would rather)去蹲监狱。ought to应该；might well有可能；would rather宁愿；had better最好。‎ ‎17．A.request B．call C．question D．letter 答案　D 解析　由该段第一句中的“...I wrote to my parents.”可知，作者给自己的父母写了封信。request请求，要求；call通话，召唤；question问题；letter信。‎ ‎18．A.comparison B．imagination ‎ C．consideration D．memory 答案　D 解析　由下文可以看出，作者父亲的这两行话彻底改变了作者对生活的态度，所以这两行话总是在她的记忆(memory)里唱响。comparison对比；imagination想象；consideration考虑，体贴；memory记忆。‎ ‎19．A.over and over B．by and by ‎ C．up and down D．now and then 答案　A 解析　由上下文语境可知，作者收到父亲的信后反复(over and over)阅读，并为自己感到羞愧。over and over再三，反复；by and by不久，很快；up and down上上下下，来回；now and then不时，时常。‎ ‎20．A.company B．occupation ‎ C．situation D．relationship 答案　C 解析　由上文可知，空格所在句表示作者下定决心找到自己目前处境(situation)的优势。company陪伴，公司；occupation工作，占用；situation处境，状况；relationship关系。‎ ‎21．A.movement B．reaction ‎ C．guidance D．purpose 答案　B 解析　由该段内容可知，作者与当地人交朋友，而他们把最喜欢的艺术品作为礼物送给作者。他们的反应(reaction)让作者感到吃惊。movement运动，活动；reaction反应；guidance指导；purpose目的。‎ ‎22．A.refused B．failed C．managed D．happened 答案　A 解析　由上下文语境可知，当地人对作者作出的反应让作者感到吃惊，因为他们竟然舍得将拒绝(refuse)卖给游客的艺术品当作礼物送给作者。refuse拒绝；fail失败，不及格；manage管理；happen发生，碰巧。‎ ‎23．A.asked B．hunted C．waited D．headed 答案　B 解析　各选项均可与空格后的for构成短语。ask for请求，要求；hunt for寻找；wait for等待；head for前往……。由下文中的定语从句“...that had been left there millions of years ago...”可知，作者在沙漠里寻找(hunt for)几百万年前遗留下来的贝壳。‎ ‎24．A.floor B．surface C．rock D．level 答案　A 解析　由空格所在句“...when the sands of the desert had been an ocean .”可知，沙漠里的沙地曾经是海底(floor)。floor底部，地面；surface表面；rock岩石；level水平。‎ ‎25．A.shocking B．challenging ‎ C．puzzling D．astonishing 答案　D 解析　由上文可以看出，作者由最初的抱怨并打算放弃在沙漠中的生活，到后来接受自己的处境并学会欣赏生活中的美好可以看出，作者的变化是令人十分惊讶的(astonishing)。shocking骇人的；challenging具有挑战性的；puzzling令人迷惑的。‎ ‎26．A.as B．but C．for D．or 答案　B 解析　由上文可以看出，沙漠没有改变，但(but)作者发生了变化。as表原因；but表转折；for表原因；or表示出现相反的情况。‎ ‎27．A.attitude B．principle C．identity D．standard 答案　A 解析　由上文可以看出，作者由最初的不快乐到后来学会享受沙漠生活，完全是因为自己对生活的态度发生了改变。attitude态度；principle原则；identity身份，一致；standard标准。‎ ‎28．A.vacation B．operation C．affair D．adventure 答案　D 解析　所给选项中的adventure与该句中的experience相对应。vacation假期；operation操作，手术；affair事务，事件；adventure冒险，奇遇。‎ ‎29．A.sought B．counted C．found D．reached 答案　C 解析　作者将自己从最初感受到沙漠之苦到后来体验到沙漠生活的快乐的转变比喻为在自创的监狱里发现(find)了星星。seek寻找；count数数；find发现；reach到达。‎ Ⅳ.语法填空 ‎(2018•全国Ⅲ)‎ I’m not sure 30. is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly，I’m facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at 31. top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream，and then a 400pound male appears.He screams the 32. (loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 33. (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 34. (challenge)．‎ My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a 35. (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 36. these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.No one had seen them for hours，and my colleagues and I were worried.‎ When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find 37. (they) alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature，the huge animal 38. (mean) me no real harm.He was just saying：“I’m king of this forest，and here is your reminder！” Once his message was delivered，he allowed me 39. (stay) and watch.‎ ‎30．答案　who/which 解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我不确定谁(哪一个)更害怕，是我还是那只不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。‎ ‎31．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。at the top of one’s lungs用尽量大的声音，放声大叫，为固定搭配。‎ ‎32．答案　loudest 解析　考查副词的比较等级。由空前的the以及空后的of all可知要用最高级。‎ ‎33．答案　looking 解析　考查非谓语动词之动名词。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。avoid后面可以接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语。‎ ‎34．答案　challenged 解析　考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challenged adj.受到挑战的；challenging adj.困难的，富有挑战性的。由语境可知，填challenged。‎ ‎35．答案　scientist 解析　考查词形转换之名词构词法。由空后的who可知，定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。故填scientist科学家。‎ ‎36．答案　for 解析　考查介词。search for寻找，为固定搭配。‎ ‎37．答案　them 解析　考查代词之人称代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格。they的宾格为them。‎ ‎38．答案　meant 解析　考查动词的时态。由语境可知，此处事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时态。‎ ‎39．答案　to stay 解析　考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事，为固定搭配。‎