【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit2The Olympic Games单元学案设计（32页word版）

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit2The Olympic Games单元学案设计（32页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit2The Olympic Games单元学案设计 ‎【考纲解读】‎ ‎1. 通过对古代和现代奥运会的了解，增加对阅读文章的理解。‎ ‎2. 通过学习文章了解更多的关于古代和现代奥运会的差别，激发学生更深层次地了解奥运会的发展史。 ‎ ‎【高频单词】‎ ‎1．ancient (adj.) 古代的；古老的 ‎2．compete (vi.) 比赛；竞争→competition (n.) 竞争→competitive (adj.) 竞争的；有竞争性的→competitor (n.) 竞争者 ‎3．Greece (n.)希腊→Greek (adj.)希腊(人)的；希腊语的 (n.) 希腊人；希腊语 ‎4．magical (adj.)巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的→magic (n.) 魔术；法术；巫术 ‎5．volunteer (n.) 志愿者；志愿兵 (adj.) 志愿的；义务的 (vt.& vi.) 自愿 →voluntary(adj.)‎ ‎6．regular (adj.) 规则的；定期的；常规的→regulation (n.) 规则；规章制度 ‎7．basis (n.) 基础；根据→bases (pl.) 基础；根据→basic (adj.) 基本的；基础的 ‎8．admit (vt. & vi.) 容许；承认；接纳→admission (n.) 准入；准许→admitted (过去式/过去分词)‎ ‎9．slave (n.) 奴隶→slavery (n.) 奴隶制 ‎10．host (vt.) 做东；主办；招待 (n.) 主人 ‎11．responsibility (n.) 责任；职责→responsible (adj.) 有责任心的 ‎12．replace (vt.) 取代；替换；代替 ‎13．swift (adj.) 快的；迅速的 ‎14．charge (vt. & vi.) 收费；控诉 (n.) 费用；主管 ‎15．physical (adj.) 物理的；身体的→physics 物理学 ‎16．advertise (vt. & vi.) 做广告；登广告→advertiser (n.) 广告商→advertisement (n.) 广告 ‎17．bargain (vi.) 讨价还价；讲条件 (n.) 便宜货 ‎18．hopeless (adj.) 没有希望的；绝望的→hopeful (adj.) 有希望的 ‎19．foolish (adj.) 愚蠢的；傻的→fool (vt.) 愚弄；欺骗 ‎20．pain (n.) 疼痛；痛苦→painful (adj.) 令人痛苦的 ‎21．deserve (vi. & vt.) 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得 ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1．in_charge　　主管；看管 ‎2．on_purpose 故意地；蓄意地 ‎3．make_a_bargain_with_sb. 与某人达成协议；与某人讨价还价 ‎4．pick_up 拾起；接收；搭车；恢复；好转；(偶然)学会 ‎5．work_out 计算出；理解；解决；锻炼 ‎6．one_after_another 陆续地；一个接一个地 ‎ ‎7．compete_in 参加(比赛，竞赛)‎ ‎8．take_part_in 参加；参与 ‎9．stand_for 代表；象征；表示 ‎10．as_well 也；又；还 ‎11．apart_from 除……之外 ‎【热点句型】‎ ‎1．nor放于句首的倒装句 No other countries could join in, nor_could_slaves_or_women (奴隶和妇女也不能参加)！(教材P10)‎ ‎2．not only...but (also)．..“不仅……而且……”‎ Women are not_only_allowed (不但被允许)，but_play_a_very_ important_role_in(而且在……中发挥重要作用)gymnastics, athletics, team sports and...(教材P10)‎ ‎3．as much＋不可数名词＋as...“和……(在程度上)是一样的”‎ There's as_much_competition among countries to host the Olympics ‎ as_to_win_Olympic_medals (跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈)．(教材P10)‎ ‎4．the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)“越……就越……”‎ This is important because the_more_you_speak_English,_ the_ better_your_English_will_become (你说英语越多，你的英语就越好)．‎ 高频考点一、单词 例1、compete　vi.比赛；竞争 How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games？(P9)‎ 有多少国家参加了古代奥运会？‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1)compete in参加……比赛/竞争 compete for为……而竞争 compete against/with sb. for sth.与某人竞争某物 ‎(2)competition n．比赛；竞争 competitor n．比赛者；对手 competitive adj.有竞争力的；竞争性的 ‎【名师点睛】‎ compete多用作不及物动词，必须跟适当的介词才能跟宾语。表示与某人比赛用with或against；表示比赛的目的用for；表示比赛参与的项目时用in。‎ ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing_in the Games.‎ 和其他的年轻运动员一样，她也有奥运梦想，但严重的疾病使她无法参加奥运会比赛。‎ ‎②Life is like a long race where we compete_with others to go beyond ourselves.‎ 人生就像长跑比赛，在这场比赛中我们常常在与他人的竞争过程中来超越自己。‎ ‎③Young children will usually compete_for their mothers' attention.‎ 小孩通常都会在母亲面前争宠。‎ ‎④Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive world.‎ 没有人能够完全远离这个充满竞争的社会。‎ ‎⑤There is now intense competition between schools to attract students.‎ 现在学校之间为了招揽生源展开了激烈竞争。‎ 例2、admit　vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳；容纳 Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.(P10)‎ 只有比赛项目达标的运动员才有资格成为参赛者。学科&网 ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎ (1)admit＋n./doing/having done/that从句　承认某事/(已经)做了某事 admit to sb. that 向某人承认 admit sb./sth. to_be...承认某人/物是……‎ be admitted as作为……被接受 be admitted to/into获准进入/加入 It is admitted that...人们公认……‎ ‎(2)admission n．进入；许可；入场券；承认，坦白 ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①He was admitted_as a member of the baseball team.‎ 他被接受成为棒球队的一名队员。‎ ‎②It is_admitted_that reading is mostly a personal activities which needs quietness and concentration.‎ 人们公认，读书在很大程度上是一个私人活动，它需要安静和专心。‎ ‎③The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to_be_admitted_into my favorite university will come true.‎ 考试结果很可能如我所料，我被我最喜欢的大学录取的梦想将会实现。‎ ‎④When the police questioned him, George admitted having_stolen the car.‎ 当警察审讯他时，乔治承认他偷了那辆车。‎ ‎⑤She failed to gain admission_to the university of her choice.‎ 她未被自己选择的大学录取。‎ ‎⑥I couldn't admit_to my parents that I was finding the course difficult.‎ 我无法向父母实话实说，我觉得这门课程很难。‎ 例3、replace　vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处 So even the olive wreath has been replaced！(P10)‎ 就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！‎ ‎【归纳拓展】[来源:Z&xx&k.Com]‎ replace sth. with/by sth.用……替换……‎ take the place of＝take_one's_place代替 in place of 代替 replacement n. 替换；更换；接替者 ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced_by computers in class.‎ 人们普遍认为在课堂上老师永远不会被电脑取代。‎ ‎②It's not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.‎ 不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。‎ ‎③The glass doors have_taken_the_place_of the wooden ones at the entrance.‎ 玻璃门已经取代了入口处的木门。‎ ‎④He was unable to come to the ceremony, but he sent his son to accept the award in_place_of him.‎ 他不能亲自来参加仪式，但派了他儿子前来代他领奖。‎ 例4、charge　n．费用；主管　vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电 ‎...duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong.(P12)‎ 所负担的责任以及事情出错后会陷入的麻烦。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1)charge sb. for sth.为某物向某人收费 charge sb. with sth.指控某人某事 ‎(2)in charge of主管；看管；负责 in the charge of...在……掌管之下 take charge of负责；掌管 free of charge免费 ‎【名师点睛】‎ (1)in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责(主管)某事”；in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人主管”。类似的还有in the possession of和in possession of， in control of和in the control of等。‎ (2)charge和accuse都有“指控，控告”之意，但是charge常与介词with搭配，而accuse常与介词of搭配。‎ ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①He was_in_charge_of/took_charge_of the company while the boss was absent.‎ 当老板不在时，他负责整个公司。‎ ‎②As long as you've paid in advance, we won't charge_you_for delivery.‎ 只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送货费。‎ ‎③Bob was_charged_with the murder, but he refused to admit it.‎ 鲍勃因一起谋杀案被指控，但他没有承认。‎ ‎④We can deliver goods to your door free_of_charge.‎ 我们可以免费送货上门。‎ 例5、bargain　vi.& vt.讨价还价；讲条件　n．便宜货 Her father said that she must marry, so Atalanta made a bargain with him.(P14)‎ 父亲说她必须结婚，于是阿塔兰忒就和父亲达成了一个协议。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1)bargain with sb. about/over/for sth.和某人就某事讨价还价 ‎(2)make a bargain with sb.和某人达成协议 ‎(3)a good/bad bargain买得(不)合算 It's_a_real_bargain. 这可真是个便宜货。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①They were_bargaining_with each other about/over the price of coffee.‎ 他们在为咖啡的价格进行商议。‎ ‎②Father made_a_bargain_with the real estate agent when we bought our new house.‎ 当我们买新房时，父亲与那个房地产经纪人达成了协议。‎ ‎③In my opinion, the car was a bargain at that price.‎ 依我来看，那辆车的价格真便宜。‎ 例6、deserve　vi. & vt.值得；应当(受到)‎ Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race？(P15)‎ 你认为希波墨涅斯应该(算)赢得比赛吗？‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎ (1)deserve_sth. 值得；应受 ‎(2)deserve to_do应该做某事 ‎(3)deserve doing/to be done应受；值得 ‎(4)deserving adj.值得的；应得的 ‎【名师点睛】‎ deserve后接名词或doing sth.，常用主动形式表示被动意义，等于接动词不定式的被动语态，该用法与want， need， require的类似用法相同。‎ ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①She worked day and night and now she deserves_a_good_rest.‎ 她日夜工作，现在她应该得到很好的休息。‎ ‎②He deserves_to_lose in the competition because he cheated.‎ 他活该输掉比赛，因为他作弊了。‎ ‎③No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves_our_respect.‎ 无论一个工作多么普通，它在社会中都起着一份作用，所以值得我们的尊重。‎ ‎④It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to_be_respected.‎ 正是那些甘愿奉献而不索取的人才值得尊敬。‎ ‎⑤The man donates money to a deserving cause every year.‎ 这个男人每年都要捐钱给一个值得赞助的事业。‎ 高频考点二、短语 例1take part in 参加；参与 Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games？(P9)‎ 谁不能参加古代奥运会？‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ take part in＝join in 参加 take an active part in积极参加……‎ play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色 ‎【名师点睛】‎ (1)take part in是固定短语，part前一般不用冠词，但是当part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词。‎ (2)在使用take part in时，若其后无宾语，则不加介词in。‎ ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①Take_part_in eco－travel and you will find it will help you understand the importance of nature.‎ 参加生态旅游，你就会发现这项活动有助于你理解自然的重要性。‎ ‎②It goes without saying that taking_an_active_part_in_social_ activities can broaden our horizons.‎ 不言而喻，积极参加社会活动能开阔我们的视野。‎ ‎③China is playing_a_more_important_part_in the international ‎ affairs.‎ 中国在国际事务中正起着越来越重要的作用。‎ ‎④[一言辨异]My brother attended a law school after he left middle school. Yesterday he took_part_in the meeting held in his class. He joined_in the discussion whether they would join a theater club. At last, most students signed up for it, including my brother.‎ 我的哥哥中学毕业后上了一所法律学校。昨天，他参加了一场在他们班举行的会议。他参与讨论了是否他们应该参加一个戏剧俱乐部。最后，许多学生报名参加了，也包括我的哥哥。‎ 例2、used to 过去常常；过去曾经(后接动词原形)‎ I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. (P9)‎ 很久以前，我常常写一些关于奥运会的情况。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1)否定形式：used not to＋动词原形＝usedn't to＋动词原形 did not use to＋动词原形＝didn't use to＋动词原形 ‎(2)疑问形式：used＋主语＋to＋动词原形＝did＋主语＋use＋to＋动词原形 ‎(3)There used to be...过去曾经有……；过去曾存在……‎ ‎(4)be used to_do sth. 被用来做……‎ be used to doing sth. 习惯于……‎ ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①I used_to smoke, but I gave up a couple of years ago.‎ 我以前吸烟，但几年前就戒掉了。‎ ‎②We are/get_used_to the noise from the traffic now.‎ 现在我们已经适应车辆往来的噪音了。‎ ‎③I'm not used to eating_so_much at lunchtime.‎ 我不习惯午饭吃那么多。‎ 例3、as well 也；又；还(常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用)‎ For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, ‎ a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.(P10)‎ 每届奥运会都要建一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住宿，一个主接待楼、几个比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1)as well as用作连词，连接两个相同成分，如：名词、形容词、动词、介词等，通常不位于句首。此时as well as强调的重点在前面，意为“不但……而且……；既……又……；除了……之外，还有……”。‎ ‎(2)as well as作介词，相当于besides,_in_addition_to，意为“除……之外，还……”，后面通常接名词或动词ing形式。‎ ‎(3)当主语含有as well as时，谓语动词须和as well as前面的主语在数上保持一致。‎ ‎(4)may/might as well表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议，意思是“我们不妨……；我们还是……吧”。‎ ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①[2016·北京高考]New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as_well.‎ 新经历经常意味着冒一些风险，这样你的大脑也就提高了风险承受的能力。‎ ‎②[2016·江苏高考]She intends to fight to make it a woman's as_well_as a man's world. ‎ 她打算为使这个世界不仅属于男性，也属于女性而奋斗。‎ ‎③She can sing; she can play the piano as_well.‎ 她会唱歌，她也会弹钢琴。‎ ‎④Future agriculture should depend on high technology as_well_as traditional methods.‎ 未来的农业应依靠传统方式，也要靠高科技。‎ ‎⑤The weather is so bad that we may/might_as_well stay at home.‎ 天气太糟了，我们倒不如待在家里。学科&网 易混辨析 as well 用于肯定句，只用于句尾 also 用于肯定句，常用于句中(动词前面或系动词be后面)‎ too 用于肯定句，通常用在句尾，前面常有逗号，也可用在句中，前后都有逗号 either 用于否定句，常用于语句末 ‎⑥用as well, also, too和either填空 a．Not only I like this movie, but my mother likes it as_well.‎ b．The researchers also looked at whether the teens had been trying to lose weight.‎ c．Once united, we common people are able to conquer nature, too.‎ d．He did not even say anything to her, and she did not speak to him either.‎ 高频考点三、句型 例1、No other countries could join in, nor_could_slaves_or_ women! (P10)‎ 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1)句型“nor/neither＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一个主语”用于否定陈述句之后，表示“也不”。‎ ‎(2)句型“so＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一个主语”用于肯定陈述句之后，表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或物。‎ ‎(3)句型“so it is (was) with/it is (was) the same with＋另一主语”既能表示肯定意义，又能表示否定意义，其主要用于以下情况：‎ ‎①上文有两个分句；‎ ‎②上文有两个(或两个以上)不同谓语；‎ ‎③上文既有肯定也有否定。‎ ‎(4)句型“so＋主语＋系动词/助动词/情态动词”中的主语 与前一句的主语通常是指同一个人或物，主语、谓语不需要倒装。这种句型表示说话者赞同前句所提到的情况或事实，其中的so作“不错；确实如此”讲。‎ ‎(5)“主语＋do＋so”在上下文中用来避免重复，可译为“某人/物那样做了”。‎ ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and nor/neither_will_Tom.‎ 简今晚不会和我们一起吃晚饭，汤姆也不会。‎ ‎②Frank likes to keep pets and so_does_his_wife.‎ 弗兰克喜欢养宠物，他妻子也一样。‎ ‎③Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. So_it_was_with_Jane./It_was_the_same_with_Jane.‎ 玛丽在澳大利亚出生，在美国居住。简也是。‎ ‎④—Putin has been named the world's most powerful person by Forbes magazine for the third year in a row.‎ ‎—So_he_has.‎ ‎——普京在连续三年中第三年被评为《福布斯》全球最具权力人物。‎ ‎——确实是。‎ ‎⑤He asked me to come and I_did_so.‎ 他让我来，于是我就来了。‎ 例2、There's as_much_competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.(P10)‎ 国与国之间争取奥运会举办权的竞争，就跟争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1) as...as“像……那样；正如”。第一个as为副词，修饰形容词或副词原级。第二个as可以是连词，引导比较状语从句；也可以是介词，后加名词或代词。当as...as中间有名词时，应采用以下格式：‎ as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋as或as＋many/much＋n.(复数/不可数)＋as ‎(2)否定句式：not as/so...as...意为“不如……”‎ ‎(3)．..times as＋adj./adv. ＋as...“是……的几倍”‎ ‎。表达倍数的词必须置于比较结构之前。(两倍时用twice)‎ ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①Obviously, the boy doesn't work as_hard_as many of his classmates.‎ 显然，这个男孩不像他的许多同学那么刻苦。‎ ‎②Getting rid of a bad habit is as_much a struggle as forming a good one.‎ 摆脱坏习惯就像养成好习惯一样需要艰苦努力。‎ ‎③She has as_sweet_a_voice_as her mother.‎ 她有像她妈妈的一样甜美的声音。‎ ‎④Petrol is three times as_expensive_as it was a few years ago in China.‎ 在中国汽油比几年前贵了两倍。‎ 例3、This is important because the_more you speak English, the_better your English will become.(P16)‎ 这是重要的，因为你讲英语越多，你的英语将越好。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1)“the＋比较级＋(主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级＋(主语＋谓语)”意为“越……就越……”。‎ ‎(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”结构有时可以转化为if条件从句，如：下面例①可改为：You will make greater progress if you work harder.‎ ‎【语境助记】‎ ‎①The_harder you work, the greater progress you will make.‎ 你工作越努力，进步就越大。‎ ‎②The_more_careful_you_are,_the fewer mistakes you will make.[来源:学科网]‎ 你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。‎ ‎③The_higher you stand, the_farther you will see.‎ 你站得越高就看得越远。‎ ‎④More_and_more_cars are running in the streets today, in which case, more_and_more_waste_gas will be released into the air.‎ 在今天越来越多的汽车在街上穿梭，在这种情况下，将会有越来越多的废气被排入空气中。‎ 高频考点四、语法 一般将来时的被动语态 ‎1.定义 一般将来时的被动语态表示在现在看来将来某一时刻或时段里即将要发生的被动动作。句中常有tomorrow, soon, next year, in a few days, in the future, sometime等时间状语。‎ ‎2.结构 ‎(1)will/shall be done If you park your car here, you will be fined.‎ 如果你将车停在这儿，你将被罚款。‎ ‎(2)am/is/are going to be done表示计划、安排或打算被做 These letters are going to be typed and sent off very soon.‎ 这些信件将很快打好并发出。‎ ‎(3)am/is/are to be done表示注定要、一定会被做或计划、安排将要发生的被动动作 The machines are to be repaired tonight.‎ 今晚一定会修理这些机器。‎ ‎(4)am/is/are about to be done表示立即或马上就要发生的被动动作 The polluted water is about to be cleaned.‎ 被污染的水即将被净化。‎ ‎(5)am/is/are done用于状语从句中表示将来要发生或完成的被动动作 When our classroom is decorated, it will be more beautiful.‎ 当我们的教室被装修完毕时，它会更加漂亮。‎ ‎(6)will/shall＋get done The workers will get paid before the end of December.‎ 这些工人将在12月底前拿到工资。‎ ‎【2018·江苏】请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A The Metropolitan Museum of Art ‎1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028‎ ‎211-535-7710 www.metmuseum.org Entrances Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street Hours Open 7 days a week.‎ Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30‎ Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00‎ Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,January 1,and the first Monday in May.‎ Admission ‎$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊）on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.‎ Free with Admission All special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours, concerts, gallery talks, and family/children's programs are free with admission.‎ Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.‎ The Cloisters Museum and Gardens The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle ‎ Ages. The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.‎ Hours: Open 7 days a week.‎ March-October 10:00-17:15‎ November-February 10:00-16:45‎ Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,and January 1.‎ ‎56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?‎ ‎ A. $12. B. $37. C. $ 50. D. $ 62‎ ‎57. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that ________.‎ ‎ A.it opens all the year round ‎ ‎ B. its collections date from the Middle Ages ‎ C.it has a modern European-style garden ‎ ‎ D.it sells excellent European glass collections ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了英国艺术博物馆和修道院博物馆的参观指南，包括参观时间、价格、特点等。‎ ‎57.B 细节理解题。根据The Cloisters Museum and Gardens部分第一句“The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages.”可知，修道院博物馆和花园的收藏品来自中世纪欧洲，故选B项。‎ B In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有）a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the ‎ soup, Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.‎ Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食）when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.‎ Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.‎ Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places. fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）.When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.‎ Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.‎ Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding.‎ high prices — don't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables," given that they're profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation, suggesting ‎ great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.‎ ‎58. The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the ‎ customers were .‎ A. not aware of eating more than usual ‎ B. not willing to share food with others C. not conscious of the food quality ‎ D. not fond of the food provided ‎59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?‎ A. playing classical music.‎ B. Introducing lemon scent.‎ C. Making the light brighter,‎ D. Using plates of larger size.‎ ‎60. What does the last paragraph talk about?‎ A. Tips to attract more customers.‎ B. Problems restaurants are faced with.‎ C. Ways to improve restaurants' reputation.‎ D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.‎ ‎【答案】58. A 59. A 60. D ‎【解析】本文为议论文。本文介绍了现代餐馆刺激消费和食欲的几种方法，以及人们对餐厅的一些错误看法。‎ ‎59. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特）可知，要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草）stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香，而D项文章没有提及，所以用排除方法可以选A。‎ ‎60. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile, things that you ‎ might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding，high prices — don't necessarily.可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子，拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。学科&网 C If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.‎ For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.‎ The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors. developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers.‎ From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.‎ Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于）farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.‎ There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.‎ ‎61. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce .‎ A. the progress made in car industry ‎ B. a special feature of agriculture C. a trend of development in agriculture ‎ D. the importance of investing in car industry ‎62. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?‎ A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary.‎ B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.‎ C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.‎ ‎63. What is the difficulty for those new famers?‎ A. To gain more financial aid.‎ B. To hire good farm managers.‎ C. To have fans of their own.‎ D. To win old farmers’ support.‎ ‎64. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?‎ A. Seek support beyond NYFC.‎ B. Expand farmland conservation.‎ C. Become members of NYFC.‎ D. Invest more to improve technology.‎ ‎【答案】61. B 62. D 63. C 64. A ‎【解析】本文为说明文。文章作者作为全国青年农民联盟（NYFC）的联合创始人，分析了美国小农场的特点及目前美国小农场所面临的问题，督促国会对某些领域进行改革以支持美国国内小农场的发展 ‎62. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.可以，推知新农具使小农场收获绿色蔬菜的效率提高，降低了收获成本，再根据最后一句But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.，小农场价格与大农场价格接近和小农场产品更新鲜的特点，这使得小农场相对于大农场有了一些相对的优势，故选D。‎ ‎63. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句话Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own.可知，新农民面临的最大挑战是无法获得公民身份，因此不能建设自己的农场，故选C。‎ ‎64. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push ‎ for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds.可知，NYFC需要广泛的支持，包括要求国会增加农田保护，推动移民改革，寻求确保不同背景的新农民的成功的政策等，所以为了保证农业经济的可持续发展农民需要寻求NYFC以外的很多方面的支持。故选A。‎ D Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.[来源:学#科#网]‎ It found many youngsters(少年）now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.‎ The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员) Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.‎ Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.‎ The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.‎ Children aged 8 to 10 were "starting to feel happy" when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were "concerned with how many people like their posts", suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.‎ Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing ‎ up "worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.‎ She said: "Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school."‎ As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves".‎ Miss Longfield added: "Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don't care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once." "For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally." The Children's Commissioner for England's study—life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.‎ However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.‎ By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found. ‎ However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人) or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile ‎ phones.‎ The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区) they faced online. And she said social media companies must also "take more responsibility". They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.‎ Javed Khan, of children's charity Bamardo's, said: "It's vital that new compulsory age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.”‎ ‎“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”‎ ‎65. Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?‎ A. They were not provided with adequate equipment.‎ B. They were not well prepared for emotional risks.[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ C. They were required to give quick responses.‎ D. They were prevented from using mobile phones.‎ ‎66. Some social app companies were to blame because ________.‎ A. they didn't adequately check their users' registration B. they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters C. they encouraged youngsters to post more photos D. they didn't stop youngsters from staying up late ‎67. Children's comparing themselves to others online may lead to ________.‎ A. less friendliness to each other B. lower self-identity and confidence C. an increase in online cheating D. a stronger desire to stay online ‎68. According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to ________.‎ A. circulate their posts quickly B. know the qualities of their posts C. use mobile phones for play D. get more public approval ‎69. What should parents do to solve the problem?‎ A. Communicate more with secondary schools.‎ B. Urge media companies to create safer apps.‎ C. Keep track of children's use of social media.‎ D. Forbid their children from visiting the web.‎ ‎70. What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A. The influence of social media on children.‎ B. The importance of social media to children.‎ C. The problem in building a healthy relationship.‎ D. The measure to reduce risks from social media.‎ ‎【答案】65. B 66. A 67. B 68. D 69. C 70. A ‎【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体(social media )使得8-12岁使用社交app的孩子面临很多压力，分析了原因，并对此提出了建议。‎ ‎66. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.可知，一些社交apps很受孩子们欢迎，尽管它们要求使用者不低于13岁，言外之意，他们没有对孩子的年龄进行监管，故选A。‎ ‎67. 细节理解题。根据文章第九段children compared themselves to others online in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves".可知，孩子在网上与其他人比较损害他们的自尊心，自信心以及自我发展的能力。故B正确。‎ ‎68. 推理判断题。根据文章第12段However, the research—involving ‎ eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.可知，随着孩子年龄的增长，他们开始渴望上网，再根据13段By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.可以推断出，他们的压力源于他们渴望自己的发帖能受欢迎、被认可，由此可见他们渴望得到公众的认可。故选D。‎ ‎70. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.可知，本文为新闻报道体，文章主要介绍青少年变得越来越依赖社交媒体。再根据全文内容可知文章主要介绍了社交媒体对孩子的影响，故A正确。学科&网 ‎1.【2017·全国新课标I】A Pacific Science Center Guide ‎◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.‎ ‎◆Hungry ‎ ‎ Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.‎ ‎◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The ‎ lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.‎ ‎◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.‎ ‎21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?‎ A. In Building 1.‎ B. In Building 3.‎ C. At the last Dome.‎ D. At the Denny Way entrance.‎ ‎22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?‎ A. Train Science teachers.‎ B. Distribute science books.‎ C. Distribute scientific research.‎ D. Take science to the classroom.‎ ‎23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?‎ A. To encourage donations.‎ B. To advertise coming events.‎ C. To introduce special exhibits.‎ D. To tell about the Center’s history.‎ ‎【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A ‎【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。‎ ‎3．A 写作意图题。根据文章最后一段Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.可知，作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供帮助，做贡献。故选A。‎ ‎2.【2017·全国新课标I】B I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.‎ ‎ I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.‎ ‎ I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.‎ ‎ The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.‎ ‎ Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.‎ ‎ A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by zxxk the greatest sight ‎ of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.‎ ‎4．What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?‎ A. Efforts made in vain.‎ B. Getting injured in his work.‎ C. Feeling uncertain about his future.‎ D. Creatures forced out of their homes.‎ ‎5．Why was the author called to Muttontown?‎ A. To rescue a woman.‎ B. To take care of a woman.‎ C. To look at a baby owl.‎ D. To cure a young owl.‎ ‎6．What made the chick calm down?‎ A. A new nest.‎ B. Some food.‎ C. A recording.‎ D. Its parents.‎ ‎7．How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?‎ A. It’s unexpected.‎ B. It’s beautiful.‎ C. It’s humorous.‎ D. It’s discouraging.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎4．A ‎5．C ‎6．A ‎7．B ‎4．A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知，救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。‎ ‎5．C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl可知，有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。故选C。‎ ‎6．A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。‎ ‎4.【2017·全国新课标I】D A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.‎ To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.‎ Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. ‎ The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment zxxk out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.‎ ‎11．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?‎ A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive.‎ C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable.‎ ‎12．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. The tube. B. The still.‎ C. The hole. D. The cup.‎ ‎13．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?‎ A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.‎ C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.‎ ‎14．When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form .‎ A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet ‎【答案】‎ ‎11．D ‎12．B ‎13．C ‎14．D ‎【解析】本文是一篇科普文章。文章主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法和它的工作原理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。‎ ‎12．B 猜测词义题。根据文章Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity可知，最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。接水器指的是在潮湿地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用覆盖膜遮挡。整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D。就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围的环境变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。‎ ‎13．C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.可知，最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock“放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去”，故选C。学科&网 ‎14．D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知，地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来直到形成小水滴落在杯子里。覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里。所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。‎