2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Workingtheland单元学案（42页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Workingtheland单元学案（42页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit2Working the land单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．statistic n．　　　　　　　 数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料 ‎2．sunburnt adj. 晒黑的 ‎3．super adj. 特级的；超级的 ‎4．output n. 产量；输出 ‎5．circulate vt.&vi. 循环；流传 ‎6．grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒 ‎7．occupation n. 工作；职业；占领 ‎8．personality n. 性格；个性；人格 ‎9．organic adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的 ‎10．fertile adj. 肥沃的；富饶的 ‎11．fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥 ‎12．bacteria n． (bacterium的复数形式)细菌 ‎13．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物 ‎14．pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟 ‎15．mineral n. 矿物；矿石 ‎16．skim vt. 浏览；略读 ‎17．underline vt. 画底线标出；强调 ‎18．industrial adj. 工业的；产业的 ‎19．chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的 ‎20．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt.&vi. 搏斗；奋斗 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．decade n. 十年；十年期 ‎2．soil n. 土壤 ‎3．summary n. 总结；摘要；概要 ‎4．regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜 n. 遗憾；懊悔 ‎5．comment n.‎ vi.&vt.[纵联1] 评论；议论表达意见；作出评论 ‎6．focus n. 焦点；中心点 vt. 集中；聚焦 ‎7．therefore adv.[纵联2] 因此；所以；因而 ‎8．reduce vt. 减少；减缩 ‎ 9.struggle vi.&n. 斗争；拼搏；努力 ‎10．expand vt.&vi.[纵联3] 使变大；伸展 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.&vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的 ‎2．export vt.&vi.输出；出口→import vt.&vi.输入；进口[纵联4]‎ ‎3．discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者 ‎4．equip vt.&vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)‎ ‎5．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑；困惑 ‎6．nationality n．国籍→nation n．国家；民族→national adj.民族的[纵联5]‎ ‎7．disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturb v．打扰；妨碍；使不安→disturbed adj.烦恼的；不安的 ‎8．freedom n．自由；自主→free adj.自由的 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.纷纷发表“评论”‎ ‎①comment评论；议论　　　　 ②remark评论 ‎③review回顾；复习；评论 ④criticism批评 ‎⑤statement声明；陈述 ⑥announcement声明；通告 纵联2.“因此”需记住 ‎①therefore adv.因此；所以 ②so conj.因此；所以 ‎③thus adv.因此；于是 ④as a result结果；因此 ‎⑤consequently adv.所以；因此 ‎⑥as a consequence因此；结果 纵联3.“扩大；扩展”方式多变 ‎①expand使变大；伸展 ②enlarge扩大；放大 ‎③spread拓展；蔓延；传播 ④extend延伸；扩大 ‎⑤broaden使……变宽；扩展 ⑥widen加宽；使扩大 纵联4.以ex为前缀的动词 ‎①export输出；出口 ②express表达 ‎③exchange交换；兑换 ④exhaust使筋疲力尽 ‎⑤exhibit陈列；展览 ⑥excuse原谅 纵联5.以ity结尾的名词一览 ‎①nationality国籍 ②quantity数量 ‎③quality质量 ④curiosity好奇心 ‎⑤ability能力 ⑥prosperity繁荣 ‎⑦personality性格；个性；人格 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——个人情况(2)‎ 子话题1　个人品质 ‎①virtue n．　　　　　　　　 美德；品行 ‎②dignity n. 尊贵；高尚 ‎③mean adj. 小气的 ‎④generous adj. 慷慨大方的 ‎⑤reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的 ‎⑥determined adj. 坚定的；有决心的 ‎⑦shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的 ‎⑧considerate adj. 考虑周到的 ‎⑨confident adj. 自信的；确信的 ‎⑩diligent adj. 勤奋的 ‎⑪strongwilled adj. 意志坚强的 ‎⑫merciful adj. 仁慈的 子话题2　智力与能力 ‎①intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧 ‎②disability n. 残疾；无能 ‎③intelligent adj. 聪明的；明智的 ‎④talented adj. 有才能的 ‎⑤outstanding adj. 杰出的 ‎⑥creative adj. 创造性的 ‎⑦capable adj. 有能力的；有才能的 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018•江苏高考完形填空)Wild camping is illegal in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning. The Winns soon discovered❶ that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot harder than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor ached all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial struggle❷， found his symptoms were strangely 　❸　 (reduce) by their daily tiring journey.‎ ‎①写出加彩词在本单元中的同根名词：discovery ‎②写出struggle在句中的含义：挣扎 ‎③用reduce的适当形式填空：reduced ‎2．(2016•四川高考阅读C)“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years❶，” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus❷ I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of 　❸　 (free)．”‎ ‎①用本单元的词汇替换加彩词：a_decade;_decade表示“十年”，decades意为数十年 ‎②写出加彩词在本单元中的同义词：therefore ‎③用free的适当形式填空：freedom 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)因为我们学校新体育馆配备了现代化的设施，因此我们可以在体育馆里举办各种各样的活动。(equip)‎ As_our_new_stadium_is_equipped_with_modern_facilities,_we_can_organize_a_variety_of_activities_in_it.‎ ‎2．(2013•四川高考书面表达)如果我们发现那些材料有趣，我们的注意力就会长时间集中在它们身上。(focus)‎ If_we_find_those_materials_interesting,_we’ll_focus_our_attention_on_them_for_a_long_time.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎 ‎[记牢]‎ struggle for　　 　 　　 为……而斗争 struggle with 与……斗争；与……并肩作战 struggle against 为反对……而斗争；与……斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①At present, China has to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.‎ ‎②Workers are struggling for a clean canteen and healthy food.‎ ‎③Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to_lead (lead) an active life. ‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎④Mary had struggled for months to find a job, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ ‎→Having_struggled_for_months_to_find_a_job,_Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(分词作状语)‎ ‎2．equip vt.&vi.装备；配备 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)equip ...with ...　　　　 用……装备……‎ be equipped with 配备着……‎ equip sb./sth. for 为……而武装某人；‎ ‎ 为……而装备某物 be equipped to do sth. 能够胜任做某事 ‎(2)equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)‎ a piece of equipment 一件装备 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to_speak (speak)．‎ 单句改错 ‎②In addition, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs.‎ equipments→equipment ‎③We want our son to have a good education that will equip him with future life.with→for ‎[用准]　(1)短语be equipped with常用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎(2)牢记equipment是不可数名词，没有复数形式。‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 He is equipped with much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students.‎ ‎→④Equipped_with_much_experience_in_teaching,_he is well respected ‎ by all his students.(过去分词作状语)‎ ‎→⑤Equipping_himself_with_much_experience_in_teaching,_he is well respected by all his students.(现在分词作状语)‎ ‎3．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)confuse ...with/and ...　 混淆；辨别不清 be confused by 被……弄混；糊涂 ‎(2)confused adj. 困惑的；烦恼的 confusing adj. 令人费解的；使人困惑的 confusion n. 困惑 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I always confuse John with/and his brother; they are so much alike.‎ ‎②I would often get confused (confuse) when I came across new words with a similar spelling.‎ ‎③There was a confused look on his face when he met with a confusing problem.(confuse)‎ ‎④To avoid confusion (confuse), please write the children’s names clearly on all their school clothes.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑤(2018•江苏高考书面表达)例如，有大量的参考书，我经常会对选择感到困惑。‎ For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often ‎ confused to choose from.‎ ‎4．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜；可惜；后悔n.遗憾；懊悔 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)regrethaving done sth.doing sth.　 　 后悔做了某事 regret to do sth. 对要做的事情感到遗憾 regret that ... 很遗憾……(委婉表示不能做某事)‎ ‎(2)with great regret 非常遗憾 have no regrets 没有遗憾 to one’s regret 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Li Ping did not regret giving/having_given (give) the comment but felt that she could have expressed it differently.‎ ‎②Much to our regret, we will not be able to visit you next year.‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去北京了。‎ ‎③I_regret_to_tell_you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.(regret vt.)‎ ‎④Much_to_my_regret/To_my_great_regret,_I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.(regret n．)‎ ‎⑤It_is_with_great_regret_that I tell you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time.(regret n．；强调句型)‎ ‎5．focus n．焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)focus on　　　　　　 集中于……‎ focus one’s attention/eyes/energy on ‎ 集中注意力/目光/精力于……‎ ‎(2)the focus of ... ……的焦点/中心 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.‎ ‎②With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.‎ ‎③With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. ‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。‎ It_shows_a_common_phenomenon_nowadays_that_children_are_the_focus_of_families,_shouldering_the_hope_of_their_parents.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The past decade (十年) has seen a huge rise in the number of computer owners.‎ ‎2．The scientist has been trying to increase the output (产量) of rice to ‎ meet people’s demands.‎ ‎3．Each of us is equal in the world in spite of his or her sex, religion or nationality (国籍)．‎ ‎4．It is known that a chemical (化学的) change will take place when a candle is burned.‎ ‎5．The number of people suffering from heart disease will be greatly reduced (减少) if they are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.‎ ‎6．Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus (焦点) of attention.‎ ‎7．Every year, India exports (出口) a lot of tea and cotton to many different countries.‎ ‎8．She has had much food high in fibre recently. Therefore (因此), she becomes slim.‎ ‎9．This disturbing (令人不安的) news really upset me so that I couldn’t sleep well.‎ ‎10．We should equip (装备) our students with wide knowledge so that they can do more for the country when they grow up.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017•北京高考)She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry (hunger)．‎ ‎2．We should help those who are still struggling for freedom.‎ ‎3．The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of ‎ by car to_reduce (reduce) air pollution.‎ ‎4．I’d appreciate it if you could make helpful comments on/about my work.‎ ‎5．It’s disturbing (disturb) that I can’t get along well with my new neighbour.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Now the young man regrets waste so much time when he was at school.waste→wasting ‎2．Each room in this hotel equipped with an air conditioner for the customers’ convenience.equipped前加is ‎3．If you stay out in the sun for a long time, you may get sunburn.sunburn→sunburnt ‎4．Several decade have passed since I graduated from the college.decade→decades ‎5．Confusing by the question, the boy turned to his teacher for further explanation.Confusing→Confused Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。(regret)‎ We regret_to_inform_you_that your application has not been successful.‎ ‎2．当别的孩子在玩耍时，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。(focus)‎ It is hard to imagine a student focusing_his_attention_on_the_textbook ‎ while other children are playing.‎ ‎3．如果你想减肥，请尽量减少饮食中的脂肪含量。(reduce)‎ If you want to lose weight, please_try_to_reduce_the_amount_of_fat in your diet.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．thanks_to　　　　　　　 　　 幸亏；由于；因为 ‎2．rid_..._of 使……摆脱或除去 ‎3．be_satisfied_with　　[串记1] 对……感到满意 ‎4．would_rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎5．build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎6．lead_to 导致；造成(后果)‎ ‎7．focus_on 　　　　　[串记2] 集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎8．be_rich_in 盛产；富含 ‎9．keep_...free_from/of [串记3] 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；‎ ‎ 使……不含(有害物)‎ ‎10．in_addition 另外 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“be＋adj.＋with”高频短语集锦 ‎①be satisfied with 对……满意 ‎②be content with 对……满意 ‎③be pleased with 对……满意 ‎④be familiar with 对……熟悉 ‎⑤be bored with 对……厌烦 ‎⑥be busy with 忙于……‎ ‎⑦be popular with 受……欢迎 ‎⑧be patient with 对……耐心 ‎⑨be strict with 对……严格要求 串记2.“集中注意力”聚焦 ‎①focus on 集中注意力于 ‎②be absorbed in 全神贯注于 ‎③pay attention to 注意 ‎④concentrate on 集中精力于 ‎⑤fix one’s attention on 集中注意力于 ‎⑥put one’s heart into 全神贯注于 串记3.各有各的自由(free)‎ ‎①keep ...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；‎ ‎ 使……不含(有害物)‎ ‎②as free as a bird 自由自在 ‎③free and easy 自由自在的 ‎④set free 释放 ‎⑤for free 免费 ‎ ‎ ‎1．mean little to sb.　　　　　　 对某人来说无意义 ‎2．make a difference 有关系；有影响 ‎3．wash off 将……洗掉；洗净 ‎4．turn to 转向；向……求助 ‎5．care about 关心；在乎 ‎6．lead a comfortable life 过着舒适的生活 ‎7．with the hope of 抱有……的希望 ‎8．cause damage to 给……造成损害 ‎ ‎ ‎1．If_so,_what did you do to grow them?‎ 如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？‎ ‎2．In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to_grow_rice that has a high output.‎ ‎1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。‎ ‎3．This special strain of rice makes_it_possible_to_produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.‎ 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。‎ ‎4．He would_much_rather_keep time for his hobbies.‎ 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)Research shows that giving up driving is one ‎ of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people, leading_to (导致；造成) them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.‎ ‎2．(2014•全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Thanks_to (多亏) digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的句式(翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)你愿意加入我们校乒乓球队吗？如果愿意，请尽快给我发邮件。(if so)‎ Would_you_like_to_join_our_school_table_tennis_team？If_so,_please_email_me_as_soon_as_possible.‎ ‎2．(2015•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们更喜欢自己动手包美味的饺子而不是给老人们买一些。(would rather ...than ...)‎ We_would_rather_make_delicious_dumplings_with_our_own_hands_than_buy_some_for_the_elderly.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．build up逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；开发；积累 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中build up的含义 ‎①To learn a language well you must build up a useful vocabulary.积累 ‎②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.逐渐增强 ‎③You ought to take more sports after school so as to build up your ‎ strength.增强……的体质 ‎④Therefore, let’s take the responsibility to build up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles.建立 ‎[记牢]‎ pick up　　　　 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载 take up 拿起；开始；从事；占据(时间或空间)‎ make up 虚构；弥补；组成 break up 分裂；打碎；结束；解体；分手；放假 ‎[练通]　选用以上短语填空 ‎⑤A neighbour downstairs asked for the music to be turned down and the party broke_up.‎ ‎⑥It didn’t take me long to pick_up the basic knowledge of the language.‎ ‎⑦I must get rid of this large table — it takes_up too much room.‎ ‎⑧There are more than two million farmers, making_up two thirds of the total population of the province.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑨积极参加体育和户外活动确实有助于强身健体和丰富我们的学校生活。‎ Taking_an_active_part_in_sports_and_outdoor_activities_is_really_helpful_to_build_up_our_body_and_enrich_our_school_life.‎ ‎2．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……‎ ‎[记牢]‎ lead sb.to do sth.　　　　　　 使某人做某事 lead sb. to/into someplace 带领某人进入某地 lead/live a ... life 过……的生活 lead the way 引路；带路 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As the old saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome.” ‎ ‎②In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to_practice (practice) speaking English in an interesting way.‎ 单句改错 ‎③The discovery of new evidence led to the thief’s caught.caught_前加being ‎④With the boy lead the way, we had no difficulty in finding the destination.lead→leading ‎[用准]　(1)lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或v.ing形式。(2)表示“导致”的短语还有：result in, contribute to, bring about, account for等。‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 众所周知，成功在于努力，而懒惰导致失败。‎ ‎⑤As we all know, success lies in hard work while_laziness_leads_to_failure.(lead)‎ ‎⑥As we all know, success lies in hard work ‎ while_laziness_results_in_failure.(result)‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式 ‎[教材原句]　If_so,_what did you do to grow them?‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)If_so,_please respond to me as quickly as possible.‎ 如果是这样的话，请尽快给我回信。‎ ‎(2)If_possible,_try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.‎ 如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。‎ ‎(3)(2014•福建高考)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever,_reaching 30℃ in summer.‎ 这里的气候非常宜人，气温，如果有的话，在夏天很少达到30摄氏度。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ if so为“if it is so”的省略形式，if为连词，so指代上文的内容，意为“如果是这样的话”，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。‎ if ever　　　　　　 如果有过/发生过的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I’m Li Hua. I’m wondering if you are ‎ available at the weekend. If so, let’s have a facetoface talk about Chinese table manners.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)If the steps you take are working, keep it up. If not, take another look at other methods you could try.(要点句)‎ ‎2．would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”‎ ‎[教材原句]　He would_much_rather_keep_time for his hobbies.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)Nowadays more and more people would_rather_not_live in big cities.‎ 现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。‎ ‎(2)简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。‎ ‎①Jane is a quiet girl, who would rather stay (stay) in the library than go to see a movie.‎ ‎②Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers to_stay (stay) in the library rather than go to see a movie.‎ ‎③Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers staying (stay) in the library to going to see a movie.‎ ‎(3)She would rather you came (come) tomorrow than today.‎ ‎(4)I would rather you had_finished (finish) your homework yesterday.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)would rather (not) do sth.意为“宁愿(不)做……”‎ (2)would rather do sth. than do sth.would do sth.rather than do ‎ sth.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.prefer doing sth. to doing sth.宁愿做某事(而)不愿做某事 ‎(3)would rather that＋主语＋did sth.表示对现在或将来的虚拟 ‎(4)would rather that＋主语＋had done sth.表示对过去的虚拟 注意事项 (1)使用would rather ... than ...句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。‎ ‎(2)牢记would rather 后跟that从句要用虚拟语气。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)To live a low carbon life, some people would rather ride a bike than drive a car to work.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)I stayed at home last night, but I’d rather I had gone to the theatre with my friends.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 keep ...free from， lead to， rid ... of， thanks to， build up， be satisfied with ‎1．Thanks_to their support, we were able to finish our work in time.‎ ‎2．I’m sure that modern medical technology will rid us of this terrible disease.‎ ‎3．He learned later that it was his carelessness that led_to his failure in the exam.‎ ‎4．Mr. Brown works hard to keep his families free_from worries in their life. ‎ ‎5．All of us were_satisfied_with the perfect service of the restaurant after we had dinner there. ‎ ‎6．Taking exercise helps us build_up our body and keep a clear mind.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。‎ Will you be free this Sunday？If_so,_let’s go camping.‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)更重要的是，老人是第一个品尝美食的人，因为在中国老人受到尊重。‎ Most importantly, the elderly are the_first_to_taste_the_delicious_food because they are well respected in China.‎ ‎3．集中精力到一个任务上，直到它被完成再去做下一个任务。‎ Focus_on_one_task_until_it’s_done,_then move to the next.‎ ‎4．不是坐公共汽车去，我宁愿走着去那里。‎ Rather_than take a bus, I would_walk there.‎ ‎5．我明确向你表示过，在聚会上你应该举止得体。‎ I made_it_clear_to_you_that you should behave yourself at the party.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是中学生李华， 你校正在举办“我最喜爱的农业科学家”为主题的征文活动。请你根据下面要点提示， 描述你所喜爱的农业科学家， 内容包括：‎ ‎1．谁是你最喜欢的农业科学家；‎ ‎2．这位科学家对人类所做的贡献；‎ ‎3．你的感想或希望。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文为提纲式作文，要求考生根据提示信息，描述自己最喜爱的农业科学家，时态为一般现在时，人称为第三人称。本文要点包括以下三个层次：开头应点明最喜爱的农业科学家(以袁隆平为例)，为介绍袁隆平对人类做出的突出贡献做好铺垫；主体部分介绍袁隆平的个人成就及对人类做出的突出贡献，此部分比较开放，只要发挥合理即可，如献身于水稻科研事业，成为农业先驱等；结尾应表达感想或希望，如向袁隆平学习等。‎ 要点1：在全世界众多著名的科学家中，我最佩服袁隆平。‎ Of_so_many_famous_scientists_all_over_the_world,_I_admire_Yuan_Longping_best.‎ 要点2－①：1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。‎ In_1973,_he_became_the_first_agricultural_pioneer_in_the_world_to_grow_rice_that_has_a_high_output.‎ 要点2－②：多亏了他的研究，农民的水稻产量是原来的两倍。(twice as large as)‎ Thanks_to_his_research,_farmers_are_producing_harvests_twice_as_large_as_before.‎ 要点3：我们应该向这位伟大的科学家学习。‎ We_should_learn_from_this_great_scientist.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要使用高级句式对要点进行适度拓展，让要点在内容上和形式上更丰满。要点1可添加who 引导的定语从句介绍袁隆平是中国的一位杰出的农业科学家；要点2可补充细节“虽然已实现了目标，但为了养活世界上更多的人，他仍旧致力于水稻研究事业。”和“袁隆平为人类做出那么多的贡献以至于受到全世界人们的尊敬和佩服。”；要点3可增加目的状语“为了长大后更好地为祖国服务”。‎ 拓展要点1：在全世界众多著名的科学家中， 我最佩服中国的一位农业科学家——袁隆平。(who引导定语从句)‎ Of_so_many_famous_scientists_all_over_the_world,_I_admire_Yuan_Longping_best,_who_is_an_agricultural_scientist_of_China. ‎ 补充要点2：①虽然已实现了目标，但为了养活世界上更多的人， 他仍旧致力于水稻研究事业。(devote oneself to)‎ Though_he_has_achieved_his_goal,_he_still_devotes_himself_to_research_on_rice_so_as_to_feed_more_people_in_the_world.‎ ‎②袁隆平为人类做出如此多的贡献以至于受到全世界人们的尊敬和佩服。(such ...that ...)‎ Yuan_Longping_has_made_such_great_contributions_to_mankind_that_he_is_respected_and_admired_by_people_all_over_the_world. ‎ 拓展要点3：为了长大后更好地为祖国服务，我们应该向这位伟大的科学家学习。(in order to)‎ We_should_learn_from_this_great_scientist_in_order_to_serve_our_country_better_when_we_grow_up.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文可分为三段来写。根据语篇中的逻辑关系，各要点之间可添加适当的连接词，以使文章衔接顺畅。在结尾表达个人感想时可添加连接词all in all来总结全文。‎ My favourite agricultural scientist Of_so_many_famous_scientists_all_over_the_world,_I_admire_Yuan_Longping_best,_who_is_an_agricultural_scientist_of_China.‎ In_1973,_he_became_the_first_agricultural_pioneer_in_the_world_to_grow_rice_that_has_a_high_output.Thanks_to_his_research,_farmers_are_producing_harvests_twice_as_large_as_before.Though_he_has_achieved_his_goal,_he_still_devotes_himself_to_research_on_rice_so_as_to_feed_more_people_in_the_world.Yuan_Longping_has_made_such_great_contributions_to_mankind_that_he_is_respected_and_admired_by_people_all_over_the_world.‎ All_in_all,_we_must_learn_from_this_great_scientist_in_order_to_serve_our_country_better_when_we_grow_up.‎ ‎ ‎ 理清文体结构之(十七)　议论文之总分总结构——观点→论证→结论 ‎“总分总”类议论文一般包括提出问题、分析问题和解决问题三大部分，在内容的展开上常表现为“总分总”模式，即：首尾部分为“总”，中间分析问题部分为“分”，中间部分为议论文的难点和重点，其呈现形式可以是分论点并列，也可以是递进式的延伸。不过，不管怎样“分”，都应在“总”的统摄之下，并且为“总”服务。这种结构层次清晰，了解了论点是什么，如何论证的，结论是什么，便掌握了文章大意，题目也会迎刃而解。‎ ‎ [高考典例]　2018•全国卷Ⅲ•D篇 [读文解题技法]‎ 总 分 总 ‎ [1]Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.‎ ‎[2]I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl ‎ whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)．‎ ‎[3]For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball — simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.‎ ‎[4]We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us. 1.提出观点(第1段)‎ 本文以反例引领提出观点：live more with less。(可解32题)‎ ‎2.事例论证1(第2段)‎ 假期前鼓励孩子捐赠用不着的物品或卖掉东西把钱放于“学校基金”。(可解33题)‎ ‎3.事例论证2(第3段)‎ 事例论证1为某一次行为，接着作者以问题的形式论证了如何让孩子能够“make it a habit”。(可解34题)‎ ‎4.得出结论(第4段)‎ 在事例1和事例2论证的基础上，顺理成章地得出结论：简单的物品也能激发快乐。(可解35题)‎ ‎[依行文结构，比对定答案]‎ ‎32.What do the words “ ” in paragraph 1 probably mean？‎ A.The more， the better. ‎ B.Enough is enough.‎ C.More money， more worries. ‎ D.Earn more and spend more. ‎ 比对画线词后一句所提出的观点，即可得出答案。‎ ‎33.What made Georgia ？‎ A.Saving up for her holiday.‎ B.Raising money for a poor girl.‎ C.Adding the money to her fund.‎ D.Giving the money to a sick mother.‎ 关键词――→定位事例论证1――→比对波浪线处得出答案。‎ ‎34.Why did the author ？‎ A.To try out an idea. ‎ B.To show a parent’s love.‎ C.To train his attention. ‎ D.To help him start a hobby.‎ 关键词――→定位事例论证2――→比对由波浪线处分析得出答案。‎ ‎35.What can be a suitable for the text？‎ A.Take It or Leave It ‎ B.A Lesson from Kids C.Live More with Less ‎ D.The Pleasure of Giving ‎ 关键词――→定位全文，由观点、论证和结论归纳可得出答案。‎ ‎[答案]　32.A　33.C　34.A　35.C ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Housekeeping Services — They are looking for a responsible, professional, detailoriented, experienced housekeeper to take care of all cleaning details of a local business in Angwin. This person will be needed approximately 2－3 times per week for about 8 hours per day. Please email them for additional information and be ready to provide resume and work history. Driver’s license required and the ability to lift at least 50 pounds. Pay will be D|S20－D|S25 per hour. To contact them, email recruitingangwin@gmail.com.‎ Caregiver Position — Looking for a caregiver to help with a 91yearold woman who lives in Calistoga. She speaks both English and Spanish, but Spanish is her preference. She sleeps quite a bit during the day so there is time to do homework. She cannot be left alone because she is a fall risk. She walks with a walker on her own. Please call 9257858500 if interested.‎ Worship Music Leader — First Presbyterian Church (FPC) in Napa is looking for someone who will select songs and use media for church services on Sundays. Applicants must be able to commit 8－10 hours per week for service and meetings as well as being available every Sunday from 9：00 am to 12：00 pm. The pay is about D|S18 an hour. Detailed job information will be posted on the Payroll Office’s window. If interested, send your cover letter and resume to David Stoker at david@fpcnapa.org.‎ Catering Company — Oak Avenue is a premier catering company in St. Helena searching for passionate people to join their talented team of chefs and service professionals. Hours are flexible and can work around students’ schedules. Parttime positions available for aspiring (有抱负的) chefs, bakers, service helpers, and captains. Please send a brief cover letter and resume to Maritza@oakavenuecatering.com or call 7079639278 for more information.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个兼职工作。‎ ‎1．To work as a housekeeper, one needs to ________.‎ A．be qualified to drive B．be a local in Angwin C．work about 8 hours per week D．be able to speak two languages 解析：选A　细节理解题。由Housekeeping Services部分中的“Driver’s license required”可知，该工作要求申请者具有驾驶员资质。‎ ‎2．What do we know about the caregiver position?‎ A．The applicant had better speak Spanish.‎ B．The applicant must speak English very well.‎ C．The applicant cannot do homework while on duty.‎ D．The applicant can leave the woman alone occasionally.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由Caregiver Position部分中的“She speaks both English and Spanish, but Spanish is her preference.”可知，申请者最好会说西班牙语。‎ ‎3．If you want to become a great baker, which number or email address should you contact?‎ A．9257858500.‎ B．7079639278.‎ C．david@fpcnapa.org.‎ D．recruitingangwin@gmail.com.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由Catering Company部分中的“Parttime ‎ positions available for aspiring (有抱负的) chefs, bakers ...”及“call 7079639278”可知答案选B。‎ B ‎(2019•石家庄质量检测)After shopping for deals in stores on “Black Friday”， or online on “Cyber Monday”， Americans and people worldwide are preparing for newly popular “Giving Tuesday”. Starting in 2012, now the global event that is celebrated annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving is the brainchild of 92nd Street Y, a cultural center in New York City and the United Nations Foundation.‎ As the name indicates，“Giving Tuesday” is meant to restart the charitable season and therefore observed by raising funds for local nonprofits and schools, organizing food and clothing drives, and conducting random acts of kindness. In 2015，700,000 people from 71 countries came together to donate D|S116.7 million in cash. An additional D|S1.08 million was spent on gifts.‎ While the easiest way to participate is by donating to your favorite charity, this day can be celebrated in many other ways too. You can give back by volunteering at your local shelter or food bank, or even by donating blood. If all else fails, a purchase from the growing number of organizations that give a portion of their sales to charity will do the trick.‎ But perhaps the best way to celebrate the day is by helping those nearest and dearest to you. Assist a family member with a simple chore like ‎ folding laundry, cooking dinner, or even reading to a younger sibling. No matter what you do, be sure to share your good deed on social media and inspire others to celebrate “Giving Tuesday” as well!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Giving Tuesday(“给予星期二”)这项慈善活动的初衷和做法，号召人们通过做各种力所能及的活动来献爱心。‎ ‎4．Which of the following has the shortest history?‎ A．Cyber Monday.　　　　 　B．Giving Tuesday.‎ C．Black Friday. D．Thanksgiving Day.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，Giving Tuesday出现在Black Friday和Cyber Monday之后；再根据第一段第二句可知，Giving Tuesday是2012年才出现的，而Thanksgiving Day(感恩节)的历史非常悠久。故答案选B。‎ ‎5．What’s the main purpose of “Giving Tuesday”？‎ A．To persuade more people to shop online.‎ B．To make Thanksgiving Day enjoyable.‎ C．To encourage more people to do charity.‎ D．To get voluntary work better known.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词purpose定位到文章的第二段。根据第二段第一句可知，这项活动是为了重启慈善季，募集资金、食物、衣服等帮助有需要的人们。故答案选C。 ‎ ‎6．Why does the author advise sharing good deeds on social media?‎ A．To donate money to local schools.‎ B．To keep a record of one’s experience.‎ C．To help people make new friends.‎ D．To make “Giving Tuesday” more popular.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词sharing定位到文章的最后一段。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者主张把做的好事共享到社交媒体上，是为了鼓励其他人来参与“给予星期二”活动。故答案选D。‎ ‎7．Which section of a website does the text probably come from?‎ A．Business. B．Lifestyle.‎ C．Education. D．Culture.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。文章着重介绍了一项慈善活动Giving Tuesday，这不属于生意、生活方式及教育，而属于文化风俗类，故答案选D。‎ C ‎(2019•成都诊断)Food blogs, celebrities, and nutritionists all advocate the benefits of eating organic (有机的) fruits and vegetables. But a new study published in Science Advances paints a more complex picture. While organic produce is likely slightly healthier to eat and, in some ways, more sustainable to grow, there are also downsides.‎ Organic fruits and vegetables typically cost more than conventional ones. To get a certificate as organic, farmers must meet specific criteria,‎ ‎ including growing produce without the use of genetic engineering and chemical inputs. Without these methods, the growing process typically requires more labor, time, and money, a cost that is passed down to consumers.‎ It’s true that in many ways, organic farming is more sustainable than conventional farming. But when it comes to environmental concerns such as greenhouse gas output and water loss, the comparison gets complex. Organic farms produce less greenhouse gas output per acre. However, because they are barred from using genetic engineering, pesticides (杀虫剂), and other methods that increase efficiency (效率), organic farms also produce an estimated 19% to 25% less yield than conventional farms. While there isn’t a whole lot of research on the topic, the few studies that do exist suggest greenhouse gas output and water loss might actually be higher on organic farms, on a per unit basis, says study author Verena Seufert.‎ In addition, while organic produce is likely more nutritious than conventional fruits and vegetables, there’s not a lot of evidence to support the claim that these often slight differences influence consumer health. The same is true for the pesticide remainder. In developed countries, where pesticide use is tightly regulated, there’s no scientific consensus on how these often slight differences influence human health.‎ Still, Seufert stresses that if you can afford to eat organic produce, you ‎ should do so. Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity. The real takeaway from her study is not that organic produce is bad but that the practice needs more studies to increase the yield without lowering sustainability.‎ But if you can’t afford to buy organic produce, don’t stress too much, particularly from a nutritional perspective.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章就有机农产品的优缺点进行了评价。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined word “downsides” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?‎ A．Dangers. B．Drawbacks.‎ C．Benefits. D．Differences.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第一段画线词所在句可知，虽然有机农产品可能稍微健康些，但在某些方面，也有其缺点。再结合语境和下文陈述的有机农产品的缺点可以判断，画线词应指有机农产品不好的一面，B项意为“缺点”，故B项正确。‎ ‎9．Which key factor makes it hard to compare organic farming with conventional farming when it comes to environmental concerns?‎ A．The yield. B．The price.‎ C．The water loss. D．The labor.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，当涉及诸如温室 气体排放和水资源损失等环境问题时，比较传统农业和有机农业就困难了；且根据第三段的其他内容可知，虽然有机农业与传统农业相比更可持续，但因为不能使用基因工程技术、杀虫剂及其他提高效率的方法，有机农业的产量相对低，故产量是使得两者之间的比较变得困难的重要因素，故A项正确。‎ ‎10．Which of the following will the author most probably agree with?‎ A．Farmers’ work environment should be improved.‎ B．Organic produce should be made more efficiently.‎ C．It isn’t wise for consumers to buy organic products.‎ D．The pesticide remainder do no harm to people’s health.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知，由于禁止使用基因工程技术和杀虫剂等，有机农场的产量估计会比传统农场的产量低19%至25%。据此可以判断，应当提高有机农业的生产效率，故B项正确。倒数第二段的最后一句亦是提示。‎ ‎11．In the author’s opinion, why should we support organic produce?‎ A．It’s environmentally friendly.‎ B．It’s more nutritious.‎ C．It helps keep the variety of plants.‎ D．It’s safer for consumers.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“Organic farms provide safer work environments for workers, plus they support great biodiversity.”可知，有机农场为工人提供更安全的工作环境，而且有 机农场有助于保持生物多样性。据此可以判断，我们应当提倡有机农产品的原因之一是能保持生物的多样性，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2019•成都市毕业班摸底测试)Everyone dreams. If you’ve ever tried to figure out the meaning of a strange dream, you’re not alone. Humans have been trying to make sense of dreams since recorded history. __1__ Here are some of the findings.‎ ‎__2__ People with great creativity are more likely to dream about unusual settings and about blocks in the natural world, such as a log or a rock they can’t get around. ‎ You’ve got a heart problem. People who have frequent nightmares may be significantly more likely to suffer from an irregular heartbeat or chest pain. If you have those problems, it’s more difficult for you to breathe at night. __3__‎ You’re avoiding something. Do you dream about being followed by a stranger, a monster, or a giant tidal wave? This could indicate that you’re afraid to deal with something in your daily life.__4__‎ You’ll have a good result in a test. Students whose performance improved were those who had dreamed about the maze (迷宫) during the sleep. __5__ This improves learning and problemsolving skills.‎ Despite the fact that technology has vastly expanded our understanding of dreaming, much of what occurs when we’re asleep remains as it has always been: a mystery.‎ A．How creative you are.‎ B．Dreaming may strengthen memories.‎ C．What kind of problem solver you are.‎ D．What can our dreams tell about ourselves?‎ E．How can we understand better about ourselves?‎ F．That explains why you cannot have a sound sleep.‎ G．Ask yourself what issue or emotion you’re faced with.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了关于梦的几项研究结果。‎ ‎1．选D　根据空后的“Here are some of the findings.”及下文介绍的通过做梦分析自身的内容可知，D项“我们的梦能告诉关于我们自己的什么？”符合语境。‎ ‎2．选A　根据空处所在的位置及文章的结构可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合空后的内容可知，有创造力的人更有可能梦到不寻常的场景和自然界中的障碍，比如他们无法避开的原木或石头。据此可知，该段主要说明了梦能反映人们的创造力，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．选F　根据前一句“If you have those problems, it’s more difficult for you to breathe at night.”可知，如果你有这些问题，晚上呼吸就会更困难。据此可知，F项“这就解释了你为什么不能睡好觉”承接上文，符合语境。‎ ‎4．选G　根据前一句“This could indicate that you’re afraid to deal with something in your daily life.”可知，这可能表明你害怕在日常生活中处理一些事情。故G项“问问你自己，你面临的问题或情绪是什么”‎ 符合语境。‎ ‎5．选B　根据空处后一句“This improves learning and problemsolving skills.”可知，这提高了学习和解决问题的技能。据此可知，B项“做梦可以增强人的记忆力”符合语境。‎