2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit2SectionⅢGrammar—动词_ing形式作主语和宾语

2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit2SectionⅢGrammar—动词_ing形式作主语和宾语

Section_ⅢGrammar— 动词ing形式作主语和宾语 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.‎ ‎②As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.‎ ‎③Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.‎ ‎④However, he doesn’t care about being famous.‎ ‎⑤He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mahjong, swimming and reading.‎ ‎⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.‎ ‎⑦Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.‎ ‎⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.‎ ‎⑨Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry.‎ ‎⑩It is no use arguing with him about such a matter.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)以上动名词短语(加黑部分)在句中作主语的是①⑥⑦⑨⑩；作动词宾语的是⑤；作介词(短语)宾语的是②③④⑧。‎ ‎(2)⑨句中为动名词的复合结构作主语。‎ ‎(3)⑩句中it作形式主语。‎ 概念：动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。‎ 动词ing形式的时态和语态：‎ ‎　　语态 时态　　‎ 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 动词ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。‎ 一、动词ing形式作主语 ‎1．动词ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。‎ Reading‎ aloud is a good way to learn a language.‎ 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。‎ Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.‎ 浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。‎ To lie to her is wrong.‎ 对她撒谎不对。‎ ‎(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.‎ 对于老人来说爬山确实困难。‎ ‎[即时演练1]　补全句子 ‎①Playing_with_fire is dangerous.‎ 玩火危险。‎ ‎②Be careful！To_play_with_fire will be dangerous.‎ 小心点！玩火会带来危险。‎ ‎③Swimming_is_a_good_sport in summer.‎ 夏天游泳是一项好的体育活动。‎ ‎2．形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语。‎ 此类句式常见的有：‎ It’s a waste of time doing sth.　　　 做某事是浪费时间 It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth. 做某事没用/是值得的 It’s no good/use/fun doing sth. 做某事没好处/没用/没意思 It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.‎ 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。‎ It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.‎ 劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。‎ ‎[即时演练2]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①It is a waste of time trying (try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games.‎ ‎②It is worthwhile reading (read) such a wonderful novel.‎ ‎③(上海高考改编)It’s no use complaining (complain) without taking action.‎ ‎3．当句型“There is no ...”表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词ing形式作主语。‎ There is no denying that the environment is from bad to worse.‎ 不能否认环境状况正在逐步恶化。‎ There is no joking about such matters.‎ 这种事开不得玩笑。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　翻译句子 ‎①不能说出他要做什么。‎ There_is_no_telling_what_he_is_going_to_do.‎ ‎②和他不能开玩笑。‎ There_is_no_joking_with_him.‎ 二、动词ing形式作宾语 ‎1．作动词的宾语 常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：‎ 避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)‎ 建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise)‎ 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can’t help)‎ 承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)‎ 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)‎ 忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)‎ Would you mind opening the window?‎ 你介意打开窗子吗？‎ I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.‎ 我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。‎ He tried to avoid answering my questions.‎ 他试图对我的问题避而不答。‎ ‎2．作动词短语的宾语 常见的跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。‎ He insisted on doing it in his own way.‎ 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。‎ ‎[即时演练4]‎ ‎(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①(2016·浙江高考改编)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working (work) with students.‎ ‎②I often practise listening (listen) and speaking (speak)．‎ ‎③The boy was lucky to escape being_punished (punish)．‎ ‎④We don’t allow diving (dive) in the pool.‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎①It is useful for someone who is trying to give_up_smoking.‎ 这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。‎ ‎②I have never dreamed_of_visiting_that_place.‎ 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。‎ ‎③(陕西高考改编)It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like going_for_a_swim?‎ 今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？‎ ‎3．在有些动词的后面，如：start, begin, continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。‎ They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.‎ 他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。‎ ‎4．在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。‎ He preferred staying in the house when it rained.‎ 下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)‎ I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.‎ 今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作。)‎ ‎[即时演练5]　对比填空 He likes swimming but he doesn’t like to_swim this afternoon. (swim)‎ ‎5．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：‎ 动　词 宾语的形式 意　义 forget to do 忘记做……‎ doing 忘记做过……‎ remember to do 记着要去做……‎ doing 记得做过……‎ regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……‎ doing 后悔做了……‎ try to do 尽力做……‎ doing 尝试做……‎ mean to do 打算做……‎ doing 意味着……‎ go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)‎ doing 接着做(同一件事)‎ stop to do 停下来去做某事 doing 停止做某事 Please remember to give my best regards to your family.‎ 请记着代我向你的家人问好。‎ I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.‎ 我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。‎ ‎[即时演练6]‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①I mean to_change (change) it for another one.‎ ‎②(安徽高考改编)I remembered to_lock (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to_turn (turn) off the lights.‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎①I remember_to_mail the letter but forget_to_buy the stamp.‎ 我记得要去寄信可忘了买邮票了。‎ ‎②Missing the train means waiting_for_another_hour.‎ 误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。‎ ‎6．下列动词可接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。‎ need/want/require/deserve doing ‎＝ need/want/require/deserve to be done The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.‎ 这辆自行车需要修一下。‎ ‎[即时演练7]‎ ‎(1)一句多译 ‎①这个问题值得讨论。‎ ‎→The_question_deserved_discussing.‎ ‎→The_question_deserved_to_be_discussed.‎ ‎②这个窗户需要清扫了。‎ ‎→The_window_needs/requires/wants_cleaning.‎ ‎→The_window_needs/requires/wants_to_be_cleaned.‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎(湖南高考改编)We’ve had a good start, but next, more_work_needs_doing/to_be_done (有很多工作要做) to achieve the final success.　‎ 三、动词ing形式的否定形式 动词ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时 not应放在逻辑主语和动词ing形式之间。‎ You have no excuse for not going.‎ 你没有理由不去。‎ He was punished for not having done his homework.‎ 他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。‎ ‎[即时演练8]　补全句子 ‎①Excuse me for my_not_coming_on_time (我没能按时来)．‎ ‎②I’m sorry for not_having_kept_my_promise (没有遵守我的承诺)．‎ 四、动词ing形式的复合结构 动词ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing，即“sb./sb.’s＋doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：‎ ‎①形容词性物主代词＋动词ing ‎②名词’s＋动词ing ‎③代词宾格＋动词ing ‎④名词＋动词ing Her coming to help encouraged all of us.‎ 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。‎ The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.‎ 这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。‎ Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?‎ 你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？‎ ‎[名师点津]　(1)动词ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式。‎ ‎(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。‎ Tom’s winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot.‎ 汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。‎ Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now?‎ 你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？‎ ‎[即时演练9]　用动词ing形式的复合结构补全句子 ‎①His_father’s_being_ill made him worried.‎ 他父亲病了，使他很担心。‎ ‎②Your_being_right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong.‎ 你正确未必就意味着我错了。‎ ‎③We are looking forward to Jay_Chou’s/Jay_Chou_coming to give us a concert.‎ 我们盼望着周杰伦来给我们举办一场演唱会。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Would you mind turning (turn) down your radio?‎ ‎2．There is no use keeping (keep) silent about such a matter.‎ ‎3．His not_getting (not get) to the station on time made everyone worried last week.‎ ‎4．The teacher told the students to stop writing (write) and to_listen (listen) to him.‎ ‎5．He succeeded in persuading (persuade) her to do the job.‎ ‎6．Seeing the funny scene, I can’t help laughing (laugh)．‎ ‎7．I regret to_tell (tell) you that my sister regrets making (make) you her date. You are not the kind of person she wants.‎ ‎8．The book is worth reading (read) a second time.‎ ‎9．We are looking forward to hearing (hear) from Mr Li.‎ ‎10．The windows haven’t been cleaned for a long time. They need cleaning/to_be_cleaned (clean)．‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．I regret_to_tell you that your mother is badly ill, but you needn’t regret_leaving her alone.‎ 很遗憾你母亲病得很重，但你不需要为留下她独自一人而后悔。‎ ‎2．Many people have suggested setting_up_more_rules to protect animal rights.‎ 很多人都建议制定规则以保护动物权益。‎ ‎3．If the TV should need_repairing/to_be_repaired,_please let me know as soon as possible.‎ 如果这台电视需要修理的话，请尽快通知我。‎ ‎4．It is difficult to imagine his_accepting_the_decision without any consideration.‎ 很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。‎ ‎5．His_getting_up_late_in_the_morning made him late for the class.‎ 他早上起晚了，导致他上课迟到了。‎ ‎6．It’s_fun_spending_the_holiday at the beach.‎ 在海边度假很有趣。‎ ‎7．We are busy (in)_preparing_for_the_coming_exam.‎ 我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。‎ ‎8．Tom’s_being_so_careless caused so much trouble.‎ 汤姆这么粗心，惹来了不少麻烦。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 I crossed the street to avoid __1__ (meet) him, but he saw me and came __2__ (run) towards me. __3__ was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy __4__ (meet) Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on __5__ (come) with you. I had to think of a way of __6__ (prevent) him from __7__ (follow) me around all morning.‎ ‎“Hello, Nigel，” I said. “Fancy __8__ (meet) you here！”‎ ‎“Hi, Elizabeth，” Nigel answered. “I was just wondering how to spend the morning — until I saw you. You’re not busy __9__ (do) anything, are you？”‎ ‎“No, not at all，” I answered. “I’m going to ...”‎ ‎“Would you mind my __10__ (come) with you？” he asked, before I finished speaking.‎ ‎“Not at all，” I lied, “but I’m going to the dentist.”‎ ‎“Then I’ll come with you，” he answered. “There’s always plenty to read in the waiting room！”‎ 答案：1.meeting　2.running　3.It　4.meeting　5.coming ‎6．preventing　7.following　8.meeting　9.doing　10.coming