2019届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit3Scienceandnature单元学案（15页）

2019届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit3Scienceandnature单元学案（15页）

‎2019届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit 3Science and nature单元学案 单元基础回扣练 ‎(一)单句语法填空 ‎1．The students are looking forward to having an opportunity to_explore (explore) society for reallife experience.‎ ‎2．The majority (major) of workers find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they earn.‎ ‎3．My friend is leaving. I will do her a favour and drive her to the airport.‎ ‎4．Some economists showed their anxiety (anxious) to the present unemployment.‎ ‎5．Compared (compare) with her achievements, her shortcomings are, after all, only secondary.‎ ‎(二)单句改错 ‎1．In one word, everyone in our group does well in the activity. In a consequence, we are elected as the model group this term.去掉a或a前的In→As ‎2．Don't set the old worker the heavy task. For one thing he's old; for other thing he's in poor health.other→another ‎3．No one put forward anything better than the plan now under the consideration.去掉第二个the ‎4．The number of students in our class is more than 70 and the majority of them is from the countryside.第二个is→are ‎5．It's very kind of you to do a favour to me by letting me get out of trouble.第二个to→for ‎(三)完成句子 ‎1．He has been admitted to/into Beijing University. In my view, he_is_more_diligent_than_wise.‎ 他被北京大学录取了。我认为，与其说他聪明倒不如说他勤奋。‎ ‎2．The government intends to push_ahead_with its reform plan.‎ 政府打算推进其改革计划。‎ ‎3．Even_though we have some trouble right now, I think the final result will be_in_our_favour.‎ 即使现在还有些问题，我想最后结果还是会对我们有利的。‎ ‎4．Taking_other_visitors_into_consideration,_you should switch off your mobile phones in the castle.‎ 考虑到其他游客，在城堡内要关闭手机。‎ ‎5．Nothing_is_more_important_than_reading for students ‎ at school.‎ 对于在校生而言，没有什么比读书更重要的。‎ ‎（四）单项填空 ‎1．You are really very kind.I'll never forget the ________you have done to me.‎ ‎ A．favour B．deed C．help D．good 答案　A　[本题主要是对词义及搭配的考查。favor的意思是“恩惠，善意的行为”。do sb a favor或do a favor for sb的意思是“帮某人一个忙”，因此本题的正确答案选A。]‎ ‎2．All schools in our province________new English textbooks to improve students’listening，speaking，reading and writing abilities three years ago. ‎ A．adopted　　　　　　　　　 B．admired C．admitted D．afforded 答案　A　[考查动词。句意：三年前我省的所有学校都采用新英语教材来提高学生的听说读写能力。adopt采用，采取；admire钦佩，称赞；admit承认；afford提供，买得起。由句意可知选A。]‎ ‎3．—What did you think of the concert given by the famous Hong Kong singer?‎ ‎ —Not so good.In fact，it ________to be a great disappointment.‎ ‎ A．turned up B．turned in ‎ C．turned down D．turned out 答案　D　[turn up意为“出现，露面”；turn in意为“上交”；turn down意为“拒绝，把声音关小”；turn out意为“结果是，证明是”。根据题意选D。]‎ ‎4．________by many wellknown experts and film stars，the product was very popular at one time.‎ A．To advocate B．Having advocated C．Advocating D．Advocated 答案　D　[考查非谓语动词的用法。该题句意为“被很多知名专家和电影明星推崇，这个产品一度非常流行”。A项动词不定式常表目的，并且是主动形式，故排除；B、C两项均为现在分词表主动，故排除。故答案为D。]‎ ‎5．—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?‎ ‎ —Yes，there is one point ________we must insist on.‎ ‎ A．why B．where C．how D．不填 答案　D　[point在定语从句中作insist on的宾语，关系词可以省略，所以D项正确，不要错选A。]‎ ‎6．I would like a job which pays more，but ________I enjoy ‎ the work I'm doing at the ‎ ‎ moment.‎ ‎ A．in other words B．on the other hand ‎ C．for one thing D．as a matter of fact 答案　B　[A项意思是“换句话说”；B项意思是“另一方面”；C项的意思是“一方面”；D项的意思是“事实上”。根据题意，B项正确。]‎ ‎7．Over years，scientists have made a great________in the treatment of cancer.‎ A．breakin B．breakthrough C．breakup D．breakdown 答案　B　[考查单词意思辨析。A项“非法进入，闯入”；B项“突破”；C项“破裂”；D项“失败，损坏”。根据句意“在过 去的几年里，科学家在癌症的治疗上已经取得了重大突破”。故答案为B。]‎ ‎8．My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ________it.‎ ‎ A．in favour of B．in memory of ‎ C．in honour of D．in search of 答案　A　[in favour of意为“赞成，同意”；in memory of意为“纪念”；in honour of意为“向……表示敬意”；in search ‎ of意为“寻找”。从was against(反对)判断空格处要填in favour of表示对比。]‎ ‎9．All the money he had was ________，so he had to make a living by begging.‎ ‎ A．used up B．taken up ‎ C．stayed up D．brought up 答案　A　[A项意思是“用完，用光”；B项意思是“占据，从事”；C项意思是“熬夜，挺立”；D项的意思是“抚养，培养”。根据题意选A。句意“他所有的钱都用光了，所以他只好靠乞讨为生”。]‎ ‎10．—Did you take part in Mary's birthday party last Friday?‎ ‎ —I had ________to，but one of my classmates called on me.‎ ‎ A．admitted B．intended ‎ C．agreed D．promised 答案　B　[intend打算，用于过去完成时，意为“本来计划/打算(做某事)”，符合句意。admit接受，录取，承认；agree同意，赞成；promise许诺，保证。答句句意“我本来打算去参加玛丽的生日聚会，但是我的一个同学来看我了”。]‎ ‎11．On April 25th,2007，thousands of Russians went to say farewell to Boris ‎ ‎ Yeltsin—the country's first popularly ________leader.‎ ‎ A．electing B．elected C．to elect D．elect 答案　B　[elect与被修饰的名词leader之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。]‎ ‎12．—Shall we have a talk with her and try to persuade her not to see a movie tonight?‎ ‎ —There is no ________talking to her.She never listens.‎ ‎ A．good B．value C．point D．worth 答案　C　[本题考查固定句型There is no________(in)doing sth的用法。good只适用于It's no good (in) doing sth句型。]‎ ‎13．The car burned more fuel，but taking all things into______，it is still a good car.‎ A．expectation B．consideration C．solution D．inspection 答案　B　[句意：这辆小汽车很耗油，但综合考虑的话，仍然是一辆不错的车。take...into consideration仔细考虑，把……考虑在内，故选B。expectation期望；solution解决(方法)；inspection检查。]‎ ‎14．Jack is late again.It is ________of him to keep others waiting.‎ ‎ A．normal B．ordinary C．common D．typical 答案　D　[句意“杰克又迟到了，他这人就是爱让人等”。typical ‎ (品质、性格等方面)特有的，独特的；normal正常的；ordinary普通的，平凡的；common共同的。]‎ ‎15．The trees ________in the storm have been moved off the road.‎ ‎ A．being blown down B．blown down ‎ C．blowing down D．to blow down 答案　B　[句意“在暴风雨中被刮倒的树被拖离道路”。因trees和blow down为动宾关系，所以排除C、D两项，且“已被拖离”表示此动作已完成，故可排除A项，B项为过去分词短语表示被动、完成。]‎ 单元知识综合运用 阅读理解 A ‎ One of the most debated issues about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that those who don't drink tend to die sooner than those who do.The standard Alcoholics Anonymous explanation for this finding is this：many of those who give up alcohol are actually former hardcore drunks who had already brought health problems associated with drinking.‎ ‎ But a new paper suggests that abstaining(戒除)from alcohol does tend to increase one's risk of dying，even when you ‎ leave former problem drinkers out.The most shocking part—abstainers'(禁酒者)mortality rates(死亡率)are higher than those of heavy drinkers.‎ ‎ Moderate(适度的)drinking，which is defined as one to three drinks per day，is associated with the lowest mortality rates.Moderate alcohol use is thought to improve heart health，circulation and sociability，which can be important because people who are cut off don't have as many family members and friends who can notice and help treat health problems.‎ ‎ But why would abstaining from alcohol lead to a shorter life？It's true that those who abstain from alcohol tend to be from lower socioeconomic classes，since drinking can be expensive.And people of lower socioeconomic status have more life stressors(压力因素)．‎ ‎ Though heavy drinking is associated with higher risk for many diseases，heavy_drinkers_are_less_likely_to_die_than_don't_drink.One important reason is that alcohol strengthens social interactions，and social interactions are vital for maintaining mental and physical health.Nondrinkers show greater signs of depression.‎ The authors of the new paper are careful to note that even if drinking is associated with a longer life，it can be ‎ dangerous：it can affect your memory severely and it can lead to falls and other troubles that can affect your life.There's also the dependency issue：if you become addicted to alcohol，you may spend a long time trying to get off the bottle.‎ ‎16．What can we know from the Alcoholics Anonymous explanation and the new paper?‎ ‎ A．The former finds that abstainers can live longer than heavy drinkers.‎ ‎ B．The former finds that nondrinkers can live longer than heavy drinkers.‎ ‎ C．The latter finds that healthy abstainers can live shorter than heavy drinkers.‎ ‎ D．The latter finds that nondrinkers can live shorter than heavy drinkers.‎ 答案　C　[细节推理题。由文章第二段的第一句话“即使不算那些之前喝酒后来戒酒的人，不喝酒也确实会导致死亡率升高”可知，C项正确。]‎ ‎17．Which of the following is the benefit of moderate drinking?‎ ‎ A．It helps blood circulation.‎ ‎ B．It helps remove people's life stressors.‎ ‎ C．It reduces people's association with friends.‎ ‎ D．It can save a lot of money.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句中的“improve heart health，circulation and sociability”可知，A项正确。]‎ ‎18．What does the underlined sentence (in Para.5)mean?‎ ‎ A．Heavy drinkers can live longer if they give up drinking.‎ ‎ B．Heavy drinkers can live longer even if they don't give up drinking.‎ ‎ C．The mortality rate of heavy drinkers is lower if they don't give up drinking.‎ ‎ D．The mortality rate of heavy drinkers will be lower if they give up drinking.‎ 答案　C　[句意理解题。该句前面说“尽管重度酗酒者犯很多病的几率很大”，该句接下来的两句是对画线句子的解释，“最重要的原因是饮酒可以加强社交联系，这有助于人们的身心健康。因此不喝酒的人更易抑郁。”由此可推断本句的意思是“重度饮酒者不戒酒时死亡率低。”故选C。]‎ ‎19．It can be learned from the last paragraph that ________.‎ ‎ A．the authors of the new paper support drinking ‎ B．people should start drinking if wanting to live longer ‎ C．many people doubt whether drinking is good for health or not ‎ D．drinking can do harm to people's life 答案　D　[推理判断题。文章最后一段提到尽管喝酒能够让人长寿，但是喝酒也会给人带来一些危害，“it can be dangerous”是中心词，因此D项正确。]‎ B In 2006，Paul Letourneau of Worcester，Mass，lost his parents，his home and his pet dog.And that August，his lifelong mild depression took a turn for the worse as he became suicidal(有自杀倾向的)．‎ ‎“I said I didn't want to be alive anymore，”Letourneau,67，recalled telling his best friend.‎ He and his friend had gone for a walk when Letourneau stopped and asked his friend about ways to die painlessly.His friend advised him to admit himself to a hospital.‎ ‎“When I went back home，physically，I was shaking so much－and emotionally，I couldn't stop，”Letourneau said，“I knew I had to get help.”‎ For many men，it takes a lot more than feeling down to recognize that they are depressed and then step through the ‎ doors of a hospital，or a friend's or relative's home to ask for help.Men who are depressed usually refuse to get appropriate treatment，depression experts and patients say.‎ ‎“When men get depressed，the depression can be quite severe，”said Dr.lan Cook，professor of psychiatry at the Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.“The challenge is getting men to acknowledge that they're depressed.”‎ Depression affects about 15 million people in the United States，according to the National Institutes of Mental Health，and men get depressed about half as often as women.‎ ‎“It's unclear how much of this is a reporting bias，”Cook said.“The stigma(耻辱)issues are somewhat different for men than they are for women.”‎ ‎“Men intend to consider that asking for help is a sign of weakness，but when they can't complete the task of bringing themselves to the Promised Land，they become at risk.” said Steven Lappen，who was once a depression patient.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　在美国，大部分男性抑郁症患者由于种种原因不愿让人知道他们的病情，因而不愿求助于他人，甚至不找医生治疗。等他们发现自己无能为力的时候已经晚了。‎ ‎20．Which of the following about Paul Letourneau is TRUE?‎ A．He got sick with mild depression in 2006.‎ B．He made a very painful choice before he decided to go ‎ to the hospital.‎ C．He became suicidal because his depression was too hard to cure.‎ D．He didn't commit suicide because his friend didn't tell him a painless way.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，Letourneau在做出去看医生的决定时，身心都遭受着痛苦。]‎ ‎21．What does the author mainly want to tell us through Paragraph 5?‎ A．It takes men patients a lot of money to treat their disease.‎ B．Many men patients recognize their disease but refuse to see a doctor.‎ C．Men patients would rather get help from doctors than friends or relatives.‎ D．Many men patients feel down and refuse to let others know about their disease.‎ 答案　D　[段落大意题。本段主要是说很多男性抑郁症患者不但会感到消沉，而且他们不愿承认自己患了抑郁症，也不愿意求助医生和朋友。]‎ ‎22．How many women are suffering from depression in the U．S.according to the passage?‎ A．About 5 million. B．About 7.5 million.‎ C．About 10 million. D．About 15 million.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。由第七段内容可知，在美国受抑郁症影响的人有大约一千五百万，而男性患者是女性患者的一半，由此可知患有抑郁症的妇女大约为一千万。]‎ ‎23．The underlined phrase“Promised Land”in the last paragraph refers to________.‎ A．a state of being mentally health B．a place filled with sufferings C．a place of interest D．a state of death 答案　A　[指代关系题。由最后一段内容可知，男人会把寻求帮助看成是软弱的表现，但是假如他们在不求人的情况下不能摆脱抑郁症的困扰而恢复健康的话，那就危险了。由此可知答案。]‎ ‎24．It can be inferred from the passage that________.‎ A．reports about men with depression are usually false B．men are more likely to become depressed than women C．most people with depression have lost their relatives D．the actual number of men with depression is larger than reported 答案　D　[推理判断题。由第五段和最后一段可知，很多男性抑郁症患者都羞于让人知道他们患病；再根据倒数二、三段可推知，报告中统计的男女抑郁症患者的数字是有偏差的，男性患者的实际数字会高于报告中的数字。]‎ 书面表达 ‎ 请根据漫画所反映的现象和问题，写一篇题为“The faster，the better？”的短文。‎ ‎ 你的短文应该包含：‎ ‎ 1．漫画描述和反映的问题是什么；‎ ‎ 2．面对这样的问题，你有什么样的想法；‎ ‎ 3．在我们的学习生活中应该怎样正确地解决这样的问题；‎ ‎ 4．词数120左右。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ The faster，the better?‎ ‎ As we can see in the picture，two men are competing against each other in building walls.One man has built up an obviously higher but twisted wall，while the other's work is completely vertical，strong and solid though lower.‎ ‎ The picture implies a very important rule of doing things that we always need a balance between speed and quality.In our daily life，“The faster，the better”has become a motto for us due to the fiercely competitive environment of our society.However，our work has no value at all if we overlook the quality of it just like the man in the picture.‎ ‎ As students，with the heavy burdens of our studies，we are required to do things at high speed.Meanwhile，we should always bear it in mind that no matter how fast we need to achieve something，quality may never be ignored.After all，it is our test results rather than the speed that counts.‎