【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解科普知识类训练（含有解析）学案（8页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解科普知识类训练（含有解析）学案（8页word版）

‎2018届阅读理解科普知识类训练 ‎【一】‎ There’s more evidence that what’s good for your heart is good for your head. A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity (中等强度的) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes.‎ ‎“Our study showed that for older people, getting moderate intensity exercise may be protective, helping them keep their brains work better，” said Dr.Clinton Wright of the University of Miami, who led the study. But it’s not necessarily easy. Walking, golf, bowling and yoga didn’t count, and people need to start before they begin showing memory loss, Wright’s team reported in the journal Neurology.‎ The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the lowintensity group. These people are part of a larger group taking part in a bigger study called Northern Manhattan Study. They were asked how long and how often they exercised during the past two weeks. Five years later, they were tested for memory and thinking skills and got a brain MRI. Seven years after that, they took the memory and thinking tests again. The 10 percent who said they took part in moderate intensity exercise scored better on the tests. These included running, climbing, swimming, riding bicycles and so on.‎ ‎“We found that those with moderate heavy activity had higher scores and slower decline than inactive patients when comparing the results，” the study team wrote.‎ Many studies have shown that exercise may not prevent Alzheimer’s (早老性痴呆病) but may delay it. The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people’s memory function.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者认为中等强度的锻炼使人的大脑更年轻。‎ ‎1．According to the study, moderate heavy exercise ________.‎ A．makes people’s heart better than their heads B．helps people keep a younger brain C．makes people ten years younger D．makes people look like potatoes 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和第四段可推知，中高度锻炼能使人的大脑更年轻。故选B。‎ ‎2．What’s TRUE about the study?‎ A．Most people surveyed took lowintensity exercise.‎ B．Only 900 people took part in the bigger study.‎ C．Highintensity exercise is better.‎ D．Ten people scored best on the test.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，参与研究的人中大部分都进行低强度锻炼。故选A。‎ ‎3．How did the study team come to the conclusion?‎ A．By observing people exercise.‎ B．By using examples.‎ C．By making a comparison.‎ D．By doing a brain MRI.‎ 解析：选C　写作手法题。根据全文内容可知，研究小组通过对低强度锻炼人群和中高强度锻炼人群进行对比从而得出结论的。故选C。‎ ‎4．What’s the best title for this passage?‎ A．How to keep healthy B．Ways to make your brain work better C．To exercise or not D．Moderate exercise keeps your brain younger 解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了适当的锻炼能使大脑更年轻。故选D。‎ ‎【二】‎ A new study has discovered that meditation (冥想) and oxygen sport together reduce depression (抑郁). The Rutgers University study found that this mind and body combination, done twice a week for only two months, reduced the symptoms for a group of students by 40 percent.‎ ‎“We are excited by the findings because we saw such a meaningful improvement in both clinically depressed and nondepressed students，” said lead author Dr. Brandon Alderman. “It is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at together for dealing with depression.”‎ Researchers believe the two activities have an interactive effect in combating depression. Alderman and Dr. Tracey Shors discovered that a combination of mental and physical training (MAP) enabled students with major depressive disorder not to let problems or negative thoughts defeat them.‎ Rutgers researchers say those who participated in the study began with 30 minutes of focused attention meditation followed by 30 minutes of oxygen sport. They were told that if their thoughts drifted to the past or the future they should refocus on their breathing, enabling those with depression to accept momenttomoment changes in attention.‎ Shors, who studies the production of new brain cells in the hippocampus —‎ ‎ part of the brain involved in memory and learning — says scientists have shown in animal models that oxygen sport exercise keeps a large number of certain cells alive.‎ The idea for the human intervention (干预) came from her laboratory studies, she says, with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events.‎ ‎“By learning to focus their attention and exercise, people who are fighting depression can acquire new learning skills that can help them process information and reduce the overwhelming recollection of memories from the past，” Shors says.‎ ‎“We know these treatments can be practiced over a lifetime and that they will be effective in improving mental health，” said Alderman. “The good news is that this intervention can be practiced by anyone at any time and at no cost.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科技说明文。Rutgers大学的研究者们找到了一种新的减缓抑郁症的方法，这个方法可以在任何时间，任何地点，不用花费一分钱进行，让我们来了解一下吧。‎ ‎5．What made the research so different?‎ A．Adopting a way of meaningful talk.‎ B．Combining the two ways to treat depression.‎ C．Treating depression with special medicine.‎ D．Comparing the depressed with the nondepressed.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项研究与其他研究不同的原因是它结合了两种方式来治疗抑郁症。故B项符合题意。‎ ‎6．The underlined word “combating” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．fighting　　　　　　 　B．identifying C．distinguishing D．examining 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容可知，这项新的研究发现了可以减轻抑郁症的方法，那就是把冥想与有氧运动结合在一起。由此可推知，combat的意思可能为“防止，减轻，战斗”，故A项符合题意。‎ ‎7．What did the participants do in the research?‎ A．They did oxygen sport half an hour before thinking.‎ B．They thought quietly and then took exercise.‎ C．They took exercise longer than they thought.‎ D．They took exercise while thinking quietly.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，此项研究中的参与者们先冥想再做有氧运动，故B项符合题意。‎ ‎8．What is Shors’ main purpose of her studies?‎ A．To find out certain brain cells of humans.‎ B．To study the production of new brain cells.‎ C．To offer people a new method to treat stress.‎ D．To decide the links between stress and exercise.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后三段内容可知，Shors研究的主要目的是给人们提供解压的新方法。故C项符合题意。‎ ‎ 【三】‎ How do you pay for your coffee? Is it with change? I use my tapandgo ‎ card. I don’t even need to enter my PIN number or a signature to authorize payment. It’s quicker and everybody in the queue is happy.‎ Contactless payments are gaining popularity. Those concerned about security will be pleased to know that the amount of money you can spend in one go is limited — in the UK it’s currently￡30. But if the card is used a few times in a row, a PIN number will be needed. If a thief gets hold of your card and goes on a spending spree (狂欢), your bank covers you against fraud (欺诈罪)．However, if someone steals your banknotes, that’s your bad luck!‎ For those who are always forgetting where they put their cards, there’s a new solution: wearable tech: clothing and accessories that have been combined with electronic technology. Kenneth Cukier, an economist and technology expert, says, “When you want to make a payment just wave your arm in front of the terminal and leave the coffee shop with your latte. They don’t have to take their cards out of their wallets, use their phones or their watches.”‎ And new ways of spending money are not stopping there. The future is all about biometrics. Very convenient if you are at the beach or a festival — there’s a new system in development which will make it possible to read the unique maps of veins (静脉) under the surface of your finger, and use them to authenticate payments — or prove that it’s you making the payments.‎ So spending money is becoming easier all the time. And the temptation to buy more stuff (东西) increases. But it’s worth bearing in mind that earning the money in the first place will still require the same effort. Back to work then!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着科技的不断发展，支付方式也越来越多。但安全问题一直是大家所关注的话题。文章为此介绍了几种新的安全便捷的支付方法。‎ ‎9．What is the main point of Paragraph 2?‎ A．The security of contactless payments.‎ B．The responsibility of the lost money.‎ C．The popularity of modern payments.‎ D．The procedure of contactless payments.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段第二句并结合第二段其余的内容可知，本段举例讲述了免触支付这种支付方式的安全性。故A项正确。‎ ‎10．What can we learn about biometrics?‎ A．It is already in use in some fields.‎ B．It will be safer than other ways.‎ C．It looks more like a rare map.‎ D．It depends on your fingerprints.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，生物计量学支付方式需识别所有者的手指静脉独特的示意图。由此可推知，它比其他支付方式更安全。故B项正确。‎ ‎11．What is the intended tone of the author in the last paragraph?‎ A．Anxious. B．Relieved.‎ C．Concerned. D．Humorous.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。在最后一段中，作者讲述花钱越来越容易了，因此购物的欲望会增长。但需要牢记：处于第一位的挣钱仍然需要同样的付出，买完东西赶快回去上班吧。由此可推知，作者以一种非常幽默的口吻告诫读者树立正确的消费观。故D项正确。‎ ‎【四】‎ Have you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child — a bit of nostalgia (怀旧) or “blast from the past”， ‎ as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory. The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.‎ Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.‎ Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20. Then they gave the groups three different types of “listenandrepeat” learning conditions. Researchers had one group simply speak the words. They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm, or beat. And they asked the third group to sing the words.‎ All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15 minutes. Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered.‎ Why Hungarian, you ask? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language. It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages, such as Italian or Spanish. After the tests were over, the singers came out on top. The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance. They did the best in four out of five of the tests. They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.‎ Dr. Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3, or memorable 4, tune 5.‎ Dr. Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages. On the University of Edinburgh’s website Dr. Ludke writes, “This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listenandrepeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.”‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇科普说明文，主要讲述了一项有关音乐和外语学习之间存在关系的研究。‎ ‎12．The “song” mentioned in the first paragraph is intended to ________.‎ A．recall the past B．attract the readers C．introduce the topic D．compare the childhood with the present 解析：选C　推理判断题。本文开头通过“song”举例导入话题，从而引出下文对于音乐和外语学习之间关系的研究。故C项正确。‎ ‎13．According to the passage, which language doesn’t share the same root with Germanic or Romance languages?‎ A．Hungarian. B．Spanish.‎ C．Italian. D．English.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知，匈牙利语与其没有相同的词根。故A项正确。‎ ‎14．Based on the last two paragraphs, we can conclude that ________.‎ A．singing is the best way to learn a language B．the brain probably works best when the foreign language learners sing the words C．a listenandrepeat method is very effective for any language learner D．Dr.Katie Overy and Dr.Ludke disagree with each other 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第六段第一句和第七段中的引号部分可知，唱歌有助于找到学习外语的新途径，有证据表明边听边重复的歌唱方法对外语有帮助。故B项正确。‎ ‎15．In which situation can the finding of the research be applied?‎ A．A mother is going to teach her baby how to speak.‎ B．A child is going to have his first music lesson.‎ C．A student is going to learn a new English song.‎ D．An American is going to learn some Chinese.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，此项研究对于外语学习者非常有用。故D项正确。‎