【英语】2018届二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气学案

二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气学案 ‎1．(2017·江苏高考卷)________ not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A．It were B．Were it C．It was D．Was it B　[考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果没有老师们的帮助，这名学生不可能战胜困难。根据语境可知，此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，且句子省略了if并将were提到句首，使用了部分倒装结构。were it not for...“要不是因为……”。]‎ ‎2．(2016·江苏高考卷)If it________ for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.‎ A．had not been B．should not be C．were not to be D．should not have been A　[考查虚拟语气。句意：如果前几天他没邀请我的话，我现在就不会在这儿了。根据主句的时间状语now与从句的时间状语the other day可知本题是错综类虚拟语气。从句是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时。]‎ ‎3．(2014·江苏高考卷)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food.‎ A．might B．would C．should D．could C　[考查情态动词。句意：我很难过，虽然他们自己很穷，竟然还给我带来食物。should表示意外、惊讶等，在此处意为“竟然，居然”。]‎ ‎4．(2017·北京高考卷)If the new safety system________ to use，the accident would never have happened.‎ A．had been put B．were put C．should be put D．would be put A　[考查虚拟语气。句意：如果新的安全系统已经被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。根据句意、句子结构以及句中的信息“would never have ‎ happened”可知，句中If引导的是虚拟条件从句，表示对过去的情况进行假设，故从句用过去完成时。]‎ ‎5．(2017·天津高考卷)—Do you have Betty's phone number?‎ ‎—Yes.Otherwise，I________ able to reach her yesterday.‎ A．hadn't been B．wouldn't have been C．weren't D．wouldn't be B　[考查虚拟语气。句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。根据句中的时间状语和副词Otherwise判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的情况，此时谓语用“could/might/would/should＋完成式”，因此选B。] ‎ 一、情态动词 Ⅰ.情态动词的基本用法 ‎1．表示“可以”时常用may，can; “不可以” 用can't。过去式是：might，could，couldn't。‎ You can/may take whatever you like in this room.‎ The teacher said we could/might take whatever we liked in the room.‎ ‎—May I hand in my exercise book tomorrow? ‎ ‎—No，you can't.‎ ‎2．表示“必须”常用must，have to; must 更强调说话人的主观看法，而have to 表示的却是客观的需要。must 开头的问句，否定回答用needn't 或don't have to.‎ I don't like the bag.I must buy a new one.‎ The TV set is broken.I have to buy a new one.‎ ‎—Must I finish the work before Saturday?‎ ‎—Yes，you must.( No，you needn't /don't have to )．‎ ‎【提醒】　must 还有“非得，一定要”的意思。‎ ‎—Can I smoke in the classroom?‎ ‎—No，you are not allowed to.If you must，you can smoke in the restroom.‎ ‎3．can表示有能力做某事，它只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。一般情况下可与be able to互换，但be able to比can 可用于更多的时态。‎ I think the baby can/will be able to walk in another two months.‎ 另外，当表示过去成功地做成了某事时一般用was /were able to，而不用could。 ‎ Luckily，everyone was able to escape from the fire.‎ ‎4．表示“应该”时用should 和ought to ‎ We should/ ought to respect the elder.‎ ‎5．will 表示“意愿”或者表示“习惯性、倾向性”， 过去式： would If you will read the book，I will lend it to you.‎ No one is so blind as those who won't see.‎ The boy will sit there for hours looking at the passing traffic.‎ Fish will die out of water.‎ They wouldn't let him in because he was poorly dressed.‎ Every time she was in trouble，she would go to them for help.‎ ‎6．should 可表示义务，意思是“应该”，还可以表示推测，意思是“照理应该，估计”，另外还有“居然”，“万一”的意思 You should be polite to your teachers.(应该)‎ The film should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors.(照理应该)‎ I didn't expect that he should have behaved like that.(居然)‎ Should it break down within one year，we will replace a new one for you.(万一)‎ ‎7．used to 的否定式： usedn't 或didn't use to He used to work very hard，didn't/usedn't he?‎ ‎8．shall用于第二、三人称，表示许诺、决心、命令或警告。‎ You shall lose your job if you don't do as I tell you.(警告)‎ If you pass the driving test，you shall get a new car.(允诺)‎ No one shall leave the school without the teacher's permission.(命令)‎ ‎9．need/dare 既可以用作情态动词，也可做行为动词。作情态动词时只能用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。‎ He needs to get his eyes examined.‎ He doesn't need to get his eyes examined.‎ He needn't get his eyes examined.‎ She daren't go alone at night.＝She doesn't dare(to)go alone at night.‎ If he dare come again，we will teach them a good lesson.‎ If he dares to come again...‎ I dare say he will come again.我想他还会来的。‎ ‎10．几个情态动词常考的句型： ‎ ‎(1)may/might(just)as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近；‎ Since the flight was cancelled，you might as well go by train.‎ You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man.‎ ‎(2)may well 用于加强推测的语气，表示具有较大的可能性 What you say may well be true.‎ Her grandpa may well be over eighty.‎ ‎(3)cannot/can't...too...“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot...over....‎ You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.‎ This subject cannot be over emphasized.‎ Ⅱ.特殊用法 ‎1．表示征求对方意见 ‎ 第一人称常用：may，shall，can，could；第二人称用：can，will，could，would.其中could，would语气更加委婉一些。‎ 第三人称用 shall。‎ May/Shall/Can/Could I keep the book for another week?‎ Shall the boy wait outside?‎ Can/Could/Will/ Would you tell me whom this bike belongs to ?‎ Will/Would you please let me have a look ?‎ ‎2．情态动词表猜测的用法 用来表示推测的情态动词有：must，may，might，can。‎ must 表示“想必，一定”用于肯定句中，may/might 表示“或许，也许” 用于肯定句中。否定句和疑问句中用can/could；can't/ couldn't。其中might比may语气更弱；could比can语气要弱。‎ ‎(1)表示对现在或将来情况的推测、判断用“must/ may/ might/ can't/couldn't ‎＋v.原形”‎ I have just dropped in on him.He must be at home.‎ I don't know where she is.She might/may be in Wuhan.‎ I seldom see her.She can't live nearby.‎ ‎(2)表示对过去的情况或已经发生的事情进行推测、判断用“must/may/ might/can't＋ have＋v.ed”‎ The road is wet.It must have rained(一定下雨了)last night.‎ She might have gone to see the doctor(或许去看医生了)last week，but I am not sure.‎ You can't have seen him(不可能见到他了)yesterday evening for he had gone abroad the week before.‎ ‎(3)表示对现在正在进行的情况进行推测、判断用“must/may/ might/can't/＋ be＋v.ing”‎ The girl is not out.She must be doing her homework( 一定在做家庭作业)now.‎ Ling Ling can't be playing the piano(不可能在弹钢琴)now.She went to the bookshop with her mother a few minutes ago.‎ 注意： 句子中含有表示猜测的情态动词时，其反意疑问句的构成不能再用原句中的情态动词，而应根据原句在去掉情态动词的情况下的主谓关系来确定其反问形式。如：‎ The man in the white clothes must be a doctor，isn't he?‎ He must have an uncle abroad，doesn't/hasn't he?‎ She must have seen the film，hasn't she?‎ You must have met him in the shop yesterday，didn't you?‎ ‎3．“情态动词＋have done”表示虚拟语气 情态动词could，might，should，need(只用否定形式)等后接have done，表示与过去事实相反的情况。‎ should have done/ought to have done sth.本应当做某事 shouldn't have done/ought not to have done sth.本来不应当做某事 needn't have done sth.本来没必要做某事 might have done sth.本来可以做某事 can/ could have done sth.本来能够做某事 Considering his ability，he could have done it better.‎ He might have given you more help，even though he was busy.‎ You should have told me earlier.‎ I'm sorry，I shouldn't have been so rude to you.‎ He needn't have gone to the station yesterday.‎ 二、虚拟语气 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 ‎1．基本用法 情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式用were)‎ should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 had done should/would/could/might＋have done 与将来事实相反 过去式、should＋动词原形、were to＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 If I were you，I would do it another way.‎ If I saw her now，I would be very happy.‎ If he had taken my advice，he should have succeeded in the competition.‎ If he should come here tomorrow，I should/would talk to him.‎ If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off.‎ ‎2．含蓄虚拟语气 有时非真实条件不是通过if引导的条件来表现的，而是通过一些词或短语来表示，如without，but for，otherwise，but等。‎ I couldn't have finished the work on time without your help.‎ But for your timely warning，we would have got into great trouble.‎ ‎3．非真实条件句省略if的用法 如果非真实条件句中有had，were，should，就将had，were，should提前形成部分倒装，条件句中的if可以省略。‎ Had he taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake.‎ Should it be sunny tomorrow，we would go hiking.‎ Were there no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.‎ ‎4．在“suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，require，insist，desire，urge，recommend”等动词的宾语从句以及would rather后，要用“(should＋)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。‎ ‎1．(2017·无锡高三一模)According to the school rule，no child________ be allowed out of the school，unless accompanied by his own parents.‎ A．should B．must C．shall D．can C　[考查情态动词基本用法。句意：根据校规，孩子不可以离开学校，除非有他自己的父母的陪伴。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应”，“必须”。故答案为C。]‎ ‎2．(2017·苏州高三一模)One of the unanswered questions of the September 11 attacks is whether there was anything U．S.intelligence________ to stop the attacks.‎ A．must do B．could do C．must have done D．could have done D　[考查情态动词表示推测。句意：9·11恐怖袭击事件中没有被回答的一个问题是，是否有一些美国的情报工作本来能够阻止这次袭击。根据句意，此处表示对过去情况的一种猜测，表示“可能性”，所以要用could have done“本来能够做某事但实际上没有做”。]‎ ‎3．(2017·扬州高三一模)No wonder some people don't show sympathy for the victim of the accident.She________ have observed the traffic rules.‎ A．must B．should C．need D．would B　[“情态动词＋have done”表示虚拟语气。句意：难怪有些人对这次事故的受害者不表示同情。她本来应当遵守交通规则的。根据“don't show sympathy”可知，人们对事故的受害者不表示同情，‎ 她可能做了她本不应该做的事情。must have observed意为“一定遵守了”；should have observed意为“本来应当遵守”；would have observed意为“(当时)会遵守”；need have done这种形式用得很少，常用否定式needn't have done“本来不必做”。所以答案为B。]‎ ‎4．(2017·盐城市高三三模)It's a sad fact of life: lies are lies，and sometimes the truth________lie as well.‎ A．shall B．should C．can D．must C　[考查情态动词基本用法。句意：这是一个可悲的生活事实：谎言就是谎言，而有时真理也可能撒谎。can表示“有时会”，用于描述常有的行为或情形。故选C项。]‎ ‎5．(2017·南京、盐城高三二模)He was greatly shocked at Donald Trump's taking office.Never did he expect that the voters________ be so unreasonable.‎ A．should B．could C．would D．might A　[考查情态动词基本用法。句意：他对唐纳德·特朗普的上任感到很是吃惊。他从未预料到选民竟然如此不理智。should表示“竟然”。]‎ ‎6．(2017·扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模)—I have no idea what made the students so excited and crazy.‎ ‎—________it have been their team's victory in the finals?‎ A．Must B．Could C．Would D．Should B　[考查情态动词表示推测。句意：“我不知道学生为什么如此激动疯狂。”“可能是因为他们的队赢了决赛吗？”在疑问句中表示“可能”用could或者can。故选B。] ‎ ‎7．(2017·苏锡常镇高三二模)—Sherry rang to say she was too busy to come.‎ ‎—Well，she________ say that.She is always making excuses.‎ A．mustn't B．would C．needn't D．should B　[考查情态动词基本用法。句意：“雪莉打电话说她太忙了不能来。”“好吧，她老是那样说。她总是给自己找借口。”根据答语中的“She is always making excuses”可知，此处应用would“老是，总是”，‎ 表示对总发生的事情，或一向行为的不耐烦情绪。]‎ ‎8．(2017·南京高三三模)After making the speech，he went through it in his mind to reflect where he________ better.‎ A．could do B．would do C．could have done D．would have done C　[“情态动词＋have done”表示虚拟语气。句意：发表演讲之后，他在脑海里过了一遍来反思什么地方他本可以做得更好。could have done“本可以做某事而没有做”，符合语境。]‎ ‎9．(2017·苏锡常镇高三三模)—Penny's baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.‎ ‎—Luckily for her.She________ sick or even died.‎ A．could have got B．should have got C．must have got D．will have got A　[考查情态动词表示推测。句意：“彭妮的小女儿险些喝了咖啡桌上的家具亮光剂。”“她真幸运。她本可能会大病一场或者甚至(为此)送命的。”could have done“本应可能做某事而没做”；should have done“本应该做某事而没做”；must have done“一定做了某事”。根据句意，应选A。]‎ ‎10．(2017·常州高三一模)“But for the fact that you ________here for 3 years，I________in this key high school now，facing its endless homework and exams！” the poor girl cried to her helpless father.‎ A．studied；wouldn't have studied B．studied；wouldn't be studying C．had studied；wouldn't have studied D．had studied；wouldn't be studying B　[考查虚拟语气。句意：“要不是因为你在这儿上过三年学，我现在也不会在这所重点中学，面对无止境的作业和考试。”这个可怜的女孩向她无奈的父亲哭诉。第一个空格是一个发生在过去的事实，所以用一般过去时studied；第二个空格是与现在事实相反的含蓄型虚拟语气，再结合句意，故选wouldn't be studying。]‎