2020届二轮复习特训时态课件共51张PPT课件

2020届二轮复习特训时态课件共51张PPT课件

高考英 语二轮复习 语 法完全讲解 —— 时态 定义及分类 1、定义：英语中的时态表示一个动作发生的时间及动作发生时的状态，不同的时态对应不同的动词形式。 2 、 分类：时态由动作发生的“时间”以及发生时的“状态”组合而来，英语中的时间可以分为四大类：现在、过去、将来、过去将来；动作发生时的状态也可以分为四大类：一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式。四个时间和四个动作组成了英语中十六种时态。 高中阶段需要掌握16种时态中的12种时态 （除上表中加了下划线的四种时态） 第一大类：一般式 NO. 1 一般现在时 ① 表示现在经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 We have meals three times a day. He is always ready to help others. ② 表示客观真理、科学事实或者客观时刻表。 The sun rises in the east. The flight takes off at ten o’clock. ③ 用在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，表示将来，即所谓的“主将从现”。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. I won’t leave until the lecture is over. NO.2 一般过去时 ① 表示过去经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 He smoked a lot when he was young. The town was old and poor in the past. ② 表示过去发生的事情，暗含现在已经不再这样了。 --Come in Peter. I want to show you something. --Oh, how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift. NO.3 一般将来时 ①“will+动词原形”表示将来必然会发生的事实，强调事物的属性或者必然趋势，也可以表示愿意、乐意去做某事，而且没有事先准备地即兴去做某事。 Fish will die out of water. --It is a little cold in the room. --I will close the window for you. ②“be going to”表示“打算、计划要做某事”，另外，还可以表示根据客观迹象，推测未来可能发生的事情。 Our school is going to hold a sports meeting next week. Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. ③“be about to do”表示即可将要发生的动作，该结构不与具体的将来时间状语连用，常同when连用。 The train is about to start. I am about to leave the house when the telephone rings. ④ 表示位置移动性的动词，如：come, go, leave, fly, arrive, begin, start等，常用现在进行时表示将来。 He is coming here tonight. They are leaving for Beijing. ⑤ “be to do”表示打算、计划要做某事或者表示命令，强调应该或者必须做某事。 She is to be married next month. You are to report it to the police. ⑥ “on the point of doing”表示“即将做某事”。 This kind of rare animals is on the point of dying out. NO.4 过去将来时 ① 过去将来时表示从过去看将要发生的动作或状态。 They said they would build another school next year. ② 表示过去习惯性或者经常性发生的动作。 When the old man lived in the village, he would walk his dog in the morning. 第二大类：进行式 NO.5 现在进行时 ① 表示现在正在进行的动作。 The workers are painting the room now. ② 常与always, constantly, forever, continually连用，表示反复发生的动作，含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等感情色彩。 He is always thinking of others first. He is always making the same mistake. NO.6 过去进行时 ① 表示过去某个具体的时刻正在发生的动作，常与具体的过去时间点连用，或者用于when和while引导的时间状语从句中。 What were you doing at nine last night? The reporter said that the UFO was travelling from east to west when he saw it. ② 常与always, constantly, forever, continually连用，表示反复发生的动作，含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等感情色彩。 He was always making troubles when he was in primary school. NO.7 将来进行时 将来进行时表示在将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 --Can you go to the cinema with me this afternoon? --I am sorry. I will be writing my report the whole afternoon. 第三大类：完成式 NO.8 现在完成时 ① 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，常与already, yet, just, ever, never, before等时间状语连用。 I have already read this novel. He has just turned off the light. ② 表示一个动作开始于过去，一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的时间状语有：lately, recently, in the past/last few days/years, up to now, by now, so far, until now, since, for等。 In the past three years, the cooperation between the two countries has been successful. He has worked in this company since he graduated from college. ③ 瞬间性动作又称为非延续性动词或者短暂性动词，瞬间性动词可以用于完成时态中，但不可以接一段时间状语，若接一段时间状语，瞬间性动词必须转换为延续性动词。 He has come to Beijing since last year. (×) He has been in Beijing since last year. (√) He has joined the army for three years. (×) He has been in the army for three years. (√) 常见的瞬间性动词变为延续性动词 come/arrive/get/reach-be in/at leave-be away (from) buy-haveborrow-keep open-be open close-be closed join-be in/be a member of begin/start-be on become-be die-be dead finish/end-be over marry/get married-be married ④ This/That/It is the first/second...time+that从句。that从句用现在完成时。 This is the first time that I have come here. ⑤ This/That/It is+形容词最高级+that定语从句，定语从句用现在完成时。 It is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. NO.9 过去完成时 ① 一件事情发生在过去，另一件事情先于它之前发生（即“过去的过去”），发生在先的动作用过去完成时。 He said that he had been abroad for three years. Before he came back home, his parents had cooked the dinner. ② 表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，常用的时间状语有：by then, by that time, until then, by the end of last year, by the time+过去时的句子等。 Until then he had known nothing about it. By the end of last year, he had learnt 3000 words. ③ This/That/It was the first/second...time+that从句。that从句用过去完成时。 It was the second time that he had been to Yunnan. ④ This/That/It was+形容词最高级+that定语从句，定语从句用过去完成时。 That was the biggest elephant that I had seen. ⑤ 表示“愿望、打算”的动词，如hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，其过去时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或者意图。 I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow. NO.10 将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某一个时间，某一个动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by+将来某个时间”。 By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students. NO.11 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成时常用于虚拟语气中，表示对过去情况的虚拟。 If you had followed his advice, you would have solved the problem. Without your help, I wouldn’t have made such great progress. 第四大类：完成进行式 NO.12 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，而且还要继续下去，还可以表示一个动作在一段时间内反复进行。完成进行时是完成时和进行时的结合体。 He has been learning English for 6 years. It has been raining for three days. 难点突破 一、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 一般过去时所表示的动作或者状态纯属过去，与现在没有关系；现在完成时虽然动作发生在过去，但是与现在有关系（强调对现在造成的影响）或者过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。 He cleaned the floor last week. The floor is clean, for he has cleaned it. The family lived in the village three years ago. The family has lived in the village for three years. 二、一般过去时和过去完成时的区别 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态；过去完成时表示在过去一个动作或者时间之前发生的动作或者状态。 He learned 3000 words at this school. He had learned 3000 words before he came to this school. 三、现在完成时和过去完成时的区别 现在完成时与现在时间有关系，句中可以不出现现在时间为参照点（说话的时间总是现在，拥有天然的现在时间作为参照）；过去完成时与过去时间或者动作有关系，因此句中必须出现表示过去的参照点。 I have finished my homework. I had finished my homework. (×) I had finished my homework before I went to bed.