2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（63）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（63）

阅读理解训练（63） Passage 1 Section One The city is an accumulation of human civilization. Just as the American social philosopher (哲学家) Lewis Mumford put it, it is a special system which, fine and compact, has been designed to preserve the fruits of human civilization. Many Western languages have developed their versions of the term “civilization” from the same Latin ( 拉 丁 语 的 ) word “civitas”(meaning “city” ), and it is by no means a coincidence. The city has played a significant role in the perfection of order in human society. Section Two The emblem, showing the image of three people ― you, me, him/her holding hands together, symbolizes the big family of mankind. Inspired by the shape of the Chinese character “ 世 ” (meaning the world), the design conveys the organizers' wish to host an Expo which is of global scale and which displays the various urban cultures of the world. Section Three Created from the inspiration of Chinese character “人”, the design roots deeply in Chinese culture. It tells the world the eternal core (永恒的核心) and theme of Shanghai World Expo will be always human. The mascot “Haibao” will become the messenger for the theme of World Expo 2010 Shanghai China “Better City, Better Life”. The basic structure of the Chinese character “人” in which each stroke supports each other also shows the concept that the beautiful life should depends on mutual-help. If the human are willing to support one another, the harmony among human, nature, and society will be available. Such an urban life will be nice. Haibao’s confident smile is expressing his sincere greeting from China ― “World Expo 2010 Shanghai China welcomes you!” 1. Section One mainly tells us about ______. A. the part cities play in human civilization B. the development of the word “city” C. why the Expo is held in Shanghai D. where human civilization originated 2 The underlined word “it” in Section One refers to ______. A. the civilization B. the philosopher C. the word D. the city 3. Which correctly matches the sections with the pictures described in the passage? Pictures A. Section One Section Two Section Three B. Section Two Section Three Section One C. Section Three Section Two Section One D. Section Three Section One Section Two 4. The second paragraph in Section Three explains how the creation is connected with the _____ of the Chinese word “人”. A. story B. meaning C. shape D. usage 答案： ADCC Passage 2 Imagine a world 400 years ago where children were used as chimney sweeps. The pay was low, it was a dirty trade and there was little reward for the men who did the job and even less for children. Medway’s annual Sweeps Festival recreates the joy and laughter enjoyed by the chimney sweeps at their traditional holiday: the one time of the year the sweeps could leave the soot（烟灰） behind and have some fun. The sweeps’ holiday was traditionally held on 1 May each year. Locally, they used to mark the occasion by staging a procession through the streets of Rochester. Their fun continued with the Jack-in-the-Green ceremony, a seven-foot character that they used to waken at dawn on Blue Bell Hill, Chatham. The Jack-in-the-Green would walk with the chimney sweeps in their parade. When the Climbing Boys’ Act 1868 made it illegal to employ young boys to carry out the trade, the traditional procession gradually began to fade. The final May celebration was held in the early 1900s. The modern day Rochester Sweeps Festival is a colorful mix of music, dancing and entertainment with more than 60 Morris sides and entertainers celebrating throughout the three-day festival. The festival was revived in 1981 by local businessman Gordon Newton, a keen historian. He decided it was time to bring it back and over the years he has helped develop the festival into what it is today — an excellent performance of traditional Britain. Gordon researched the Sweeps’ tradition and organized a small parade, involving local Morris teams. In time, Medway Council took over organization of the festival but Gordon remained actively involved. Today he is festival producer and plays melodeon（簧风琴） for several Morris teams. Doug Hudson is the festival’s music director, a role he has held for many years. Through Gordon’s vision and hard work, Doug’s musical ability and the council’s help, the Rochester Sweeps Festival has become the largest May Day celebration of its kind in the country. 5. According to the writer, chimney sweeps ____________. A. were highly respected B. were well rewarded C. led a hard life in the past D. worked in good conditions 6. Medway’s Sweeps Festival ____________. A. has been organized by the Jack-in-the-Green B. dated back to the May celebration in the early 1900s C. is held to honor those chimney sweeps every other year D. has become a time for chimney sweeps to enjoy themselves 7. The underlined word “revive” in the 4th paragraph most probably means ___________. A. realize B. review C. recreate D. recognize 8. It can be inferred from the passage that ____________. A. the festival has never been supported by the local government B. The festival is a good way to see British folk customs in action C. youngsters has been forbidden to be chimney sweeps since 1981 D. the modern festival lasts five days celebrating the coming of spring 9. What is the passage mainly concerned about? A. Sweeps Festival history B. Medway’s traditional holidays C. Climbing Boys’Act 1868 D. a procession in Rochester 答案： CDCBA Passage 3 Annual holidays have become a luxury and are no longer a staple of family life, according to government research. A getaway of a week or more is no longer considered essential by many families and is often beyond their reach, said the analysis of what parents and children say they really need. Fashionable clothes for the children, expensive birthday parties and lots of toys are also on the list of luxuries families don’t have to have. Instead, recession-hit parents are thinking of the future, and the things they want for their children centre around learning to behave properly, good education and good health. Their picture of what a family ought to have includes a space to eat together away from the television, plenty of fruit and vegetables, and bicycles so children can get exercise. The breakdown of necessities and luxuries was prepared by researchers from the Department for Work and Pensions(DWP) who were trying to establish an up-to-date picture of what parents say they really need. Their findings show how families have scaled down their expectations in the face of economic difficulties — how parents are now concentrating their attention and money firmly on the long-term interests of their children. Many believe that while it is vital for a family to do things together, day trips or weekend breaks are enough. Spending on furniture or decorating the house was also considered luxurious, unless the state of the home was so bad it became difficult to invite visitors in. Instead, researchers said: A family home should have an area where the family can eat together, not on their laps in front of a television. Families should be able to go on outings, overnight trips and possibly short holiday: the fact of being able to share these experiences is more important than the precise activity and its cost. 10. It can be inferred that ______________. A. a week or more holiday is considered beyond many families’ reach B. children hardly ever need fashionable clothes and lots of toys C. what a family should have is basic things that they must have D. annual holidays were once considered necessary and vital 11. In the opinion of most parents, _____________. A. families can watch TV together in order to keep up their relationship B. day trips or weekend breaks are enough for families to share experiences C. their expectations should be increased in the face of economic difficulties D. a week’s holiday is an essential minimum during the financial crisis 12. Which of the following is TRUE of the researchers from the DWP? A. They confirm many families still need at least a week away on holiday each year. B. They learn it is insignificant for a family to do things with each other regularly. C. They want to know what parents really need in the face of economic difficulties. D. They found spending on furniture or decorating the house was thought valuable. 13. We can conclude from the last paragraph____________. A. being able to share experiences is important for families B. a family needs at least a week away on holiday each year C. a family home should have a comfortable area to watch TV D. going on outings and overnight trips is wasting time for families 14. What does the author mainly discuss in the text? A. Cycling is very important for children’s health. B. Family holidays once a year have become a luxury. C. It is vital for parents to eat together with children. D. Parents are concerned with children’s future. 答案： DBCAB Passage 4 At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years. Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in addition to money—the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards. Unruly students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession. As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields. Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession dwindled. Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s attitudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years. 15．The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refers to “ ”. A．money B．job C．secretary D．truck driver 16．What is the present situation of the teaching? A．Teachers work harder and get underpaid. B．Teachers have no opportunities to work in other fields. C．Teaching can attract best students to work as a teacher. D．Teaching can provide rewards as well as high salaries. 17．Many public school teachers turn to other professions because . A．the government doesn’t financially support them B．they have to work longer hours than a lawyer C．their students refuse to listen to them D．they are not fairly treated 18．The author believes that change in teachers’ status in the United States . A．is not great B．is impossible C．influences people’s attitude D．needs time 答案： BADD Passage 5 Unnoticed and unappreciated for five decades，a large female turtle （龟）with a stained（彩 色的），leathery（粗而硬的）shell is now a precious commodity（物品）in Changsha’s old zoo．She is fed on a special diet of raw meat．Her small pool has been covered with glass which can defend it from bullets．A special camera monitors her movements．A guard is posted at night． The purpose is simple：the turtle must not die． Earlier this year，scientists concluded that she was the planet’s last known female Yangtze giant soft shell turtle．She is about 80 years old and weighs almost 90 pounds． As it happens， the planet also has only one known male ． He lives at a zoo the city of Suzhou．He is 100 years old and weighs about 200 pounds．They are the last hope of saving a species believed to be the largest freshwater turtles in the world． “It’s a very dangerous situation,” said Peter Pritchard, a famous turtle expert in the United States，who has helped try to save the species．、 For many Chinese people，the turtle is the symbol of health and long life，but the last two Yangtze giant soft-shell creatures show the threatened state of wildlife and biodiversity（生物多样 性）in China．Pollution, hunting and over development are destroying natural habitats，and also endangering the plant and the animal population． China contains some of the world’s richest treasures of biodiversity, yet the latest major survey of plants and animals shows a discouraging picture．Nearly 40 percent of all mammal species in China are now endangered, Scientists say．For plants，the situation is worse；70 percent of all nonflowering plant species and 86 percent of flowering species are considered threatened． 19．Why is the turtle in Changsha specially cared? A．She has been unnoticed and unappreiated five decades． B．She can be sold at a high price． C．She is the planet’s last known female Yangtze giant soft-shell turtle． D．She is old and heavy． 20．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text? A．The turtle in Changsha is precious because it is the symbol of health and long life． B．Peter Pritchard believes the female turtle is the largest freshwater turtle in the world． C．The female turtle is in a dangerous situation where she may be killed． D．The female turtle in Changsha and the male turtle in Suzhou are the last hope of saving the largest freshwater turtle species in the world． 21．According to the text ________in China． A．there are the richest species of living things B．wild plants and animals are becoming fewer C．turtles are specially protected D．the situation of plants is better than that of mammal species 22 ． The last paragraph proves the threatened state of wildlife and biodiversity in China by__________ ． A．facts and numbers B．Peter Pritchard’S words C．teaching theory D．telling a story 答案： CDBA Passage 6 The most intensive period of speech and language development for humans is during the first three years of life, a period when the brain is developing and maturing. These skills appear to develop best in a world that is rich with sounds, sights, and consistent（一致的，协调的，相容的） exposure（揭发）to the speech and language of others. There is increasing evidence suggesting that there are "critical periods" for speech and language development in infants and young children. This means that the developing brain is best able to absorb a language, any language, during this period. The beginning signs of communication occur during the first few days of life when an infant learns that a cry will bring food, comfort, and companionship. As they grow, infants begin to sort out the speech sounds (phonemes) or building blocks that compose the words of their language. Research has shown that by six months of age, most children recognize the basic sounds of their native language As the speech mechanism (jaw, lips, and tongue) and voice mature, an infant is able to make controlled sound. By six months of age, an infant usually babbles or produces repetitive syllables such as "ba, ba, ba" or "da, da, da." By the end of their first year, most children have mastered the ability to say a few simple words. Children are most likely unaware of the meaning of their first words, but soon learn the power of those words as others respond to them. By eighteen months of age, most children can say eight to ten words. By age two, most are putting words together in crude sentences such as "more milk." During this period, children rapidly learn that words symbolize or represent objects, actions, and thoughts. At this age they also engage in representational or pretend play. At ages three, four, and five, a child's vocabulary rapidly increases, and he or she begins to master the rules of language. 23．According to the passage, which of the statements is NOT true? A．The developing brain is best able to absorb any language. B．The beginning signs of communication occur during the first few days of life. C．By six months of age, all children recognize the basic sounds of their native language. D ． By 2, children rapidly learn that words symbolize or represent objects, actions, and thoughts. 24．We can infer from the passage that______ A．by six months of age, an infant must babble or produce repetitive syllables B．by their first year, most children are most likely aware of the meaning of their first words C ． by 2, children rapidly learn that words symbolize or represent objects, actions, and thoughts D．the brain development is critical to develop children’s speech and language ability 25．That there are “critical periods” for speech and language development in infants and young children means ______. A．that children are so young that it is easy for them to study B．that the developing brain is best able to absorb a language, any language C．that the children are eager to learn the language D．that we must take care of children 26．In Paragraph 3, the underlined word “mechanism” can be replaced by ______ A．organs B．skills C．abilities D．habits 答案： CDB Passage 7 The library is one of the most popular places at a western university. Students turn to it for research, conversations about class, and many other services. Compared with Chinese libraries, college libraries, college libraries in the US and UK tent to offer more resources. A postgraduate at Yale University can borrow as many as 225 books at a time. In addition to borrowing books, there are online and electronic resources. These include a database search of popular and academic material, such as LexisNexis Academic, which offer items from newspapers and magazines. Although books and articles are the items that students ask for most frequently, some libraries provide audio and video recordings, maps and sheet music （活页乐谱）. At some schools, teachers and tutors put electronic copies of their teaching PPTs on the library Web to give easier access for students. Another useful service in Western college libraries is the Interlibrary Loan. This allows a student at one school to borrow books from another school. The loan request is make through the student’s college library, which gets the book, gives it to the user, and arranges for its return. Technology has brought more services to students and has made libraries attractive. Some universities have services for students to send messages through the computer or mobile texts to ask the library staff for information. Earlier this year, Harvard University introduced a new Scan and Deliver service, allowing students to make requests for parts of books and articles. Requests made through the system are handled by library staff. The student receives and e-mail with an Internet link to the scanned pages. The service is free and all material comes within four days. It used to be that libraries didn’t allow food or drinks. But that rule is changing and many of them now contain a café so students can spend as much time as they want in the library. Actually, some US university libraries are now all-night affairs, or have at least one study room open all night. 27. In Western college libraries a postgraduate can ______. A. have a free drink or a meal B. borrow as many books as they want C. access not only books but other study resources D. ask questions and get answers from their tutors 28. LexisNexis Academic is the name of ______. A. a database B. a library C. a university D. a guide 29. How can a college student borrow books from other college’s libraries? A. By going to these libraries. B. By getting them through the Internet. C. By sending messages through the computer or mobile texts. D. By borrowing them through their own library. 30. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Chinese library services are better than western ones. B. Library staff play an important role in college library service. C. Postgraduates can post their own PPTs to the library website. D. 24-hour services are adopted in all western libraries nowadays. 31. Why are university libraries more attractive now? A. Because students can eat and drink there at any time. B. Because students can have a stay-over there all night. C. Because students can enjoy quicker and more convenient services. D. Because students can borrow anything they want there. 答案： CADBC Passage 8 New rules will let millions of Americans know where more of their food comes from. The law is known as COOL—Country of Origin Labeling. American Congress first passed the law in 2002. Stores have had to label seafood by country of origin since 2005. But industry pressure delayed other requirements until last week. Products that must now be labeled include fresh fruits and vegetables, muscle meats and some kinds of nuts. But the rules are complex, and many foods are excluded. For example, organ meats are free to be labeled. So are processed foods, including cooked or smoked food. The United States has imported more and more food in recent years to save money and expand choices. Country-of-origin labeling has become more common lately but has still been limited in many stores. Food safety is one reason why some shoppers pay close attention to where foods came from. For example, when a large number of people recently got sick from salmonella（沙门菌病）, officials blamed peppers from Mexico. Yet the last big food scare involved spinach (菠菜) grown in California. But labeling is also a way for people to know they are getting what they want. Some want to buy local foods or foods from a particular country. The country-of-origin labeling law gives stores 30 days to correct any violations that are found. Stores and suppliers that are found to be deliberately violating the law could be fined 1000 dollars per violation. Federal inspectors are not to take action to enforce the law for six months to give time for an education campaign. Some food safety activists say they are generally pleased with the law. They call it a good step that will give people more useful information. 32. What’s the regulation in the new rules? A. Stores have to label food by its producing date from now on. B. The country-of-origin labeling has to be marked on more food. C. Stores have to label seafood by country of origin. D. Labeling of food should include more useful information. 33. Why has more and more food been imported to the United States in recent years? A. Because it is economical and provides people with more choices. B. Because the United States is short of food supply. C. Because Americans need more and more food recently. D. Because foreign food is of higher quality than native food. 34. Consumers are more concerned about where foods came from because ______. A. they are curious about the country of the food origin B. they are particular about the tastes of the food C. they are concerned about food safety and want to get what they want D. most of the shoppers are food safety activists themselves 35. The new rules of the country-of-origin labeling law will come into effect ______. A. right now B. in a month C. in three months D. in half a year 36. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Most Americans prefer imported vegetables to the vegetables grown in local places. B. The government of America will forbid importing peppers from Mexico. C. The law was not fully carried out until last week because of food industry’s resistance. D. Store owners are most likely to be the supporters of the law. 答案： BACDB Passage 9 In the past, young people in Japan were expected to take on responsibilities to support their parents and grandparents. Now they expect to be supported well into young adulthood. The “new breed”, born since the 1960s, have never known anything but richness. Youth are seen as resistant to entering society as mature adults, to becoming social citizens. Once the great objective of reconstruction after the Second World War was accomplished, a new generation lost the motivating power that had united the nation together. Japan’s birth rate has been falling rapidly, partly because of economic decline, and the job and financial insecurity that it has caused. In 1999, the figure was 1.38 children per woman, the lowest ever recorded. At the same time, youth crime, although still especially low by western standards, rose to its highest level since record – keeping began 32 years ago. Likewise, the proportion of students dropping out before graduating, at 2.5% also very low by western standards, has never the less been rising. Entrepreneurial( 企 业 家 的 ) role models are few and far between. Bill Gates is often mentioned, but a foreign model can only have so much influence. The problem is that Japanese culture discourages people from revealing details of personal life, including such difficult or painful experience as starting a company. In the past, successful companies such as Honda or Hitachi provided role models of a sort. But today they have been faded by the downturn, and few others have risen to take their place. By the same reason, young people often feel isolated from their fathers, who worked too hard at their jobs to establish much of a relationship with their children. “The one thing they’re sure of is that they don’t want to be like their fathers. And the girls don’t want to be with boys who are like their fathers, so the boys are sure not to be,” says Professor Morishima. 37.According to the passage, young people were formerly expected to _________. A. enter society before adulthood B. hold together C. work hard and support their families D. study hard and find a good job 38.The author takes the two examples of the youth crime and students’ drop – out rates to show __________. A. Japanese youth are overburdened B. the educational system in Japan is not working C. public security and order in Japan are bad D. young people in Japan have lower standards than previously 39.Today, entrepreneurial models are rarely found in Japan because _________. A. Japanese culture discourages people talking about how to start a company B. western models are considered to be better C. people lack experience in starting up complaints D. the “new breed” don’t want to work hard 40.The passage mainly discusses _________. A. the decline of the Japanese economy B. the great change of the ethnical and value concept of youth in Japan. C. the existence of generation gap between young people and their parents D. the increase in birth rates in Japan. 答案： CDAB Passage 10 Chinese mainland's star-making reality TV show "Happy Boy" will not be open to male applicants from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau or other foreign cities, said the country's top TV industry committee yesterday. Happy Boy is the male version of Super Girl, which is regarded as the Chinese version of American Idol. The girl's event, operated by central China's Hunan TV, drew an audience of 400 million for the final match in 2005. The country's State Administration of Radio, Film and Television approved the male version earlier this month. However, the regulation that only mainland's male applicants are allowed to register was released just days before the application procedure began on Wednesday in Changsha, one of the five mainland cities to hold the contest. The other four includes Chengdu and three undecided cities. The regulation spoiled Hunan TV's ambition to extend the series to the overseas market, an official with the TV station told the Hunan-based Xiaoxiang Morning yesterday. "My Hero," another star-making reality show by Shanghai's SMG Dragon TV, said it was not informed of the regulation, and it is still receiving foreign applicants, said an official with Dragon TV. A previous regulation by the administration has made clear that televised talent shows can't run for more than six weeks at a time. While the first "Happy Boy" may last for five months, according to a previous report. Last year there were about 10 influential star-making TV shows across the country, among which those from CCTV, Hunan Satellite TV and SMG's Dragon TV, were the most popular. "Super Girl" ran for almost five months and "My Hero" lasted four months. While the shows have proven popular, they have also earned many complaints from people who say they are crude and not satisfactory. 41. It can be inferred from the passage that _______. A. Male applicants from Hong Kong won’t be accepted to attend Happy Boy show. B. American Idol was started earlier than Super Girl. C. It was Hunan TV that made the regulation that they couldn’t accept foreign applicants. D. Audience love American Idol better than Happy Boy. 42. Which of the following may best explain the underlined word spoiled in paragraph 3? A. gave B. prevented C. encouraged D. affected 43. We can safely draw the conclusion that ________. A. Hunan TV will obey the regulations issued by the administration. B. Dragon TV broke the regulations on purpose. C. there were about 10 popular TV shows across the country. D. not all of the audience think highly of the shows. 44. The relationship between State Administration of Radio, Film and Television and Hunan TV is possibly close to _______. A. father and son B. teacher and student C. coach and sportsmen D. police and criminal 答案 41.B 42.B 43.D 44.C Passage 11 Writing being largely a self-taught occupation, texts on how to get about it —though great in number— seldom are of much use. You try, and fail. Then try again. Until at last, if you have some gift for it, the failures become less frequent, or at any rate less apparantly. It is this ability to cover up one’s defects that is finally regarded as accomplishment or achievement. Along the way there are the discouragements of unkind criticism, outright rejection, troublesome insecurity and irregular inability to meet debts. It is uncommon, therefore, to come across a book containing advice of much practical value for anyone toying(漫不经心地考虑) with the dangerous idea of staring on a writing life. A friend recently lent me such a book, however — one I wish I’d had the luck to read years ago, and which I would recommend to any young person devoted to making a career of words. It is the autobiography (自传) of the English novelist Anthony Trollope, first published in 1883, the year after his death. Needing some means to support himself, Trollope at age 19 worked as a junior clerk in the British postal service. He was at his desk at 5:30 each morning to write for three hours. And he remained in the mail service 33 years, long after reputation and prosperity had come to him. Now, what of his advice in his works? 1. For safety’s sake, arm yourself with some other skills, some other line of work to fall back on(求助). That way, failure at writing, though the disappointment may appear, will not mean ruin. 2. Do not depend too much on inspiration. Writing is a craft, which Trollope compared to the craft of shoemaking. The shoemaker who has just turned out one pair of his work sets to work immediately on the next pair. 3. Have a story to tell, but, more important than that, people with characters who will speak and move as living creatures in the reader’s mind. Without memorable characters, story alone is nothing. 4. Meet your deadlines. Life is endlessly “painful and troublesome” for writers who can’t finish their work on time. 5. Do not be carried away by praise. And, above all, do not be injured by criticism. 6. Understand the risks of writing for a living. “The career, when successful, is pleasant enough certainly; but when unsuccessful, it is of all careers the most painful.” 45. This passage mainly discusses . A. the difficulties and risks of making a career of words B. the uselessness of instructions contained in writing guidebooks C. the autobiography of the 19th century English novelist Anthony Trollope D. sound advice provided in Anthony. Trollope’s autobiography 46. From the context we can figure out that the underlined word “defect” in Paragraph 3 means . A. advantage B. fault C. truth D. disadvantage 47. According to the author, writing . A. is basically a self-taught occupation and no instructions on how to deal with it are of any practical use B. is a “trial and error” process and it does not count whether you have the gift for writing or not C. for a living is the most pleasant of all careers, full of praise and enjoyment D. sometimes provides good hopes of winning public praise and escaping poverty 48. From the passage we may infer that the author is most probably . A. an instructor of writing B. a writer C. an educator D. a publisher 答案 DBAB Passage 12 If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration (登记) card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly. With so many loopholes (漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”. 49. The underlined words in this passage means to “______”. A. be ready to help others B. make good use of one’s friends C. be a little ahead of others D. gain something at other’s expense 50. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. While taking a taxi in Finland, you can get off without first paying your fare. B. In a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if you’re living in the hotel. C. The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to registration of their working hours. D. The workers are always honest with their working hours. 51. We can learn from the passage that ______. A. the Finnish society is of very high moral (道德) level B. there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland C. in Finland, most taxi drivers will not charge you anything D. everyone in Finland is like a gentleman, for they have faith in themselves 52. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Life in Finland B. A Society with “Foolish” People C. What a Life D. Honest accounts of the Finns 答案 DCAB Passage 13 For the most part, schools are designed to produce people who fit into society, not people who set out to change it. However, schools, particularly universities, may not only spread culture; they may add to the cultural heritage ( 遗 产 ). Today American society places a good deal of emphasis on the development of new knowledge, especially in the physical and biological sciences, medicine, and engineering. In recent years, the nation’s leading universities have increasingly become research centres. An emphasis on research has led universities to judge professors not by abilities as teachers, but as researchers. Promotions, salary increases, and other benefits have long been dependent on research and publication (出版物). However, the most important is no longer publishing. To be successful these days, professors have to bring in money provided by government and private industry. Critics claim that academic success is most likely to come to those who have learned to “ignore” their teaching duties to pursue research activities. Defenders say that even when students themselves are not involved in research projects they benefit from such an emphasis on research. Major research universities like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have also cooperated with industrial companies to develop technology and products with commercial potential. With university-industry ties continuing to grow, debate has increased about the consequences for basic science, academic openness, the control of information, the direction of research, and the influence on students. 53. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT emphasized by today’s American society? A. Physical science. B. Biological sciences. C. Engineering. D. Computer science. 54. In the present standard, a successful professor is one who can ______. A. teach well B. get financial support for research C. get the highest salary D. have many publications 55. Supporters of the present emphasis on research argue that ______. A. it involves more students in it B. it does good to students anyway C. it has a direct good effect on teaching D. it earns a lot of money for a university 56. The author seems to be _______ the move of emphasis to research. A. totally against B. sorry to see C. in favor of D. neutral (中立) about 答案 DBBD