【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词和副词学案(1)

【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词和副词学案(1)

二轮复习语法学案 形容词和副词 ‎【命题解读】‎ 介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。‎ ‎【命题预测】‎ 预计2018年高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。‎ ‎【复习建议】‎ ‎ 1. 掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析；‎ ‎ 2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语；‎ ‎ 3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。‎ 巩固练习 ‎ ‎ 1.（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎【参考答案】as ‎【答案解析】考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以……身份”，故填as。‎ ‎2.（2017·新课标I卷·短文改错）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly(改为sudden) stop just in the middle on the road.‎ ‎【参考答案】 on改为of 考查介词。‎ ‎3. （2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __（crowds）__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ work.‎ ‎【参考答案】 from ‎【答案解析】from 考查介词，to and from来回，to and from work上下班。故填from。‎ ‎4.（2017·江苏卷·单项填空） Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to ‎【参考答案】D ‎ ‎【答案解析】考查介词短语。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为……辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。‎ ‎5.(2017·天津卷·单项填空)We offer an excellent education to our students. ________， we expect students to work hard.‎ A. On average B. At best ‎ C. In return D. After all ‎【参考答案】C　‎ ‎【应试必备】‎ 介词的省略 ‎1. 当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。‎ Come any day you like. 你想哪天来就哪天来。‎ ‎2. 表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作＂每一……＂解时，前面不用介词。‎ An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天吃一个苹果，医生不找我。‎ ‎3. 习惯搭配中介词的省略 一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常省略，常见的此类搭配有：spend money/time (in) doing sth，waste money/time (in) doing sth，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，be busy doing sth，stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。‎ 介词不可遗漏的情况 ‎1. 含有不及物动词的不定式在形容词easy，hard，difficult，comfortable等后作状语，且构 成不定式的动词与句子的主语存在动宾关系或主语是不定式动作发生的地点时，介词不能遗漏。 ‎ The chair is comfortable to sit on/in. 这把椅子坐着舒服。‎ The man is difficult to work with. 这个人很难共事。‎ ‎2. 当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。 ‎ The problem is well worth paying attention to. 这个问题很值得关注。‎ ‎3. 在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能遗漏。 ‎ Your pronunciation should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音。‎ ‎4. 在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。 ‎ The library which we often go to is not far away from our school. 我们经常去的那个图书馆离我们的学校不远。‎ ‎5. 在too...to...，enough... to...，so... as to...等结构中，含有不及物动词的不定式作结果状语，构成不定式的动词为不及物动词，且该动词与主语构成动宾关系或主语为不定式动作发生的地点时，介词不能遗漏。‎ The ice is too thin to skate on. 冰太薄了，不能在上面滑。‎ 巩固练习 ‎1.（2017·北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.‎ ‎ A. at B. in C. on D. by ‎2.（2017·北京）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ___________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.‎ ‎ A. among B. against C. behind D. below ‎3.（2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work.‎ ‎4.（2017·天津·完形填空）… My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 25 a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.‎ ‎ A. in search of B. in need of ‎ ‎ C. in place of D. in support of 参考答案 ‎1.B