【英语】2018届二轮复习高考阅读理解试题十三（自然类含解析）（8页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习高考阅读理解试题十三（自然类含解析）（8页）

‎2018届二轮复习 英语阅读理解试题十三（自然类）‎ ‎(1)‎ Put an ice cube from your fridge into a glass of water. You have a piece of string(线) 10 centimeters long. The problem is to take out that piece of ice with the help of the string. But you must not touch the ice with your fingers.‎ You may ask your friends to try to do that when you are having dinner together. There is a saltcellar on the table. You must use salt when you carry out this experiment.‎ First you put the string across the piece of ice. Then put some salt on the ice. Salt makes ice melt(融化). The ice round the string will begin to melt. But when it melts, it will lose heat. The cold ice cube will make the salt water freeze again.‎ After a minute or two you may raise the piece of string and with it you will raise your piece of ice!‎ This experiment can be very useful to you. If, for example, there is ice near the door of your house, you must use very much salt to melt all the ice. If you don’t put enough salt, the water will freeze again.‎ ‎1. We must use _______ when we carry out this experiment. ‎ A. fridge B. some food C. a table D. some salt ‎2. How long will it take to carry out this experiment? ‎ A. More than three minutes. B. Five minutes or so.‎ C. Only one minute or two. D. About ten minutes.‎ ‎3. What is the task of this experiment? ‎ A. Put the ice cube into the glass of water with the help of the string.‎ B. Take out the ice cube in the glass of water with the help of the string.‎ C. Take out the ice cube in the glass of water with your fingers.‎ D. Put some salt on the ice cube and then put the string across it.‎ ‎4. How many things at least are used in this experiment? ‎ A. Three. B. Four. C. Six. D. Seven.‎ ‎5. We can learn something about _______ from the passage. ‎ A. Physics B. biology C. chemistry D. maths ‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文讲述了把立方形的冰块放入水杯中，如何用细绳取出冰块的实验。‎ ‎1. D。我们进行实验时必须用什么？文章第2段最后一句说当进行实验时你必须用salt(盐)。由此可知答案是D。‎ ‎2. C。文章第4段的After a minute or two...(一两分钟后你可以提起细绳…)，由此可知进行这个实验仅需一两分钟时间。‎ ‎3. B。这个实验的任务是什么呢？由文章第1段第3句The problem is to take out that piece of ice with the help of the string(问题是如何用细绳将冰块拿出)，由此可知答案为B。‎ ‎4. B。实验中至少用了几样东西？从全文可知道至少用了string, salt, a glass of water, ice cube这4种东西。‎ ‎5. C。通过这段文字我们了解了一些什么知识？实验用salt把ice融化，这应属于化学变化。‎ ‎ (2)‎ Bamboo is one of the nature’s most surprising plants. Many people call this plant a tree, but it is a kind of grass.‎ Like other kinds of grass, a bamboo plant may be cut very low to the ground, but it will grow back very quickly. A Japanese scientist recorded one bamboo plant that grew almost 1.5 meters in 24 hours! Bamboo grows almost everywhere in the world except Europe. There are more than 1,000 kinds of bamboo that grow around the world on both mountains and plains(平原).‎ Not all bamboo looks the same. Some bamboo plants are very thin. They may only grow to be a few centimeters wide while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across. This plant also comes in different colors, from yellow to black to green.‎ Many Asian countries have been using bamboo for hundreds of years. They ‎ often use bamboo for building new buildings. As a matter of fact, the cables(绳索) that hold up the hanging bridge across the Min River in Sichuan are made of bamboo. The bridge has been in use for more than 1,000 years, and is still holding strong.‎ In Africa, engineers are teaching poor farmers how to find water using bamboo. These African countries need cheap ways to find water because they have no money, and their fields often die from no rain and no water. It seems that bamboo is one of the best things they can use. Bamboo pipes and drills(钻) can help to make the poor thirsty fields to be watered.‎ ‎1. How is bamboo like grass? ‎ A. It is thin and easy to cut. B. It grows everywhere.‎ C. It grows quickly after its cut short. D. It is short and green.‎ ‎2. The sentence “while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across.” means “Some other bamboo plants may grow to be very _______.” ‎ A. short B. strong C. thick D. tall ‎3. From the text we know ______. ‎ A. most people call bamboo plant trees B. a bamboo plant may grow 4.5 meters in three days C. the bamboo plant changes its colors when it grows D. a bridge held by bamboo cable was built thousands of years ago ‎4. Why did the engineers teach the poor farmers in Africa to make use of bamboo? ‎ A. Because it is cheap. B. Because it is colorful.‎ C. Because it drills fast. D. Because it is used by Asians.‎ ‎5. Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. There are many different kinds of bamboo with different colors.‎ B. Cables made of bamboo can last for over a thousand years.‎ C. Bamboo can be used for buildings, bridges and watering projects (工程).‎ D. Bamboo plants are able to grow well in any part of the world.‎ ‎【答案与解析】这是一篇关于竹子的说明文。讲述了竹子的生长处、种类、颜色、用途等。‎ ‎1. C。由第2段的第1句我们可以推测出竹子与其他草类相似的地方是grow back very quickly。 ‎ ‎2. C。阅读第3段的第2句They may only grow to be a few centimeters wide while others may grow to more than 30 centimeters across可推知：while(表对比，意为“而”)前面讲有些竹子(bamboo)很细，只有(only)几厘米粗，而与相比，while 后面则讲有些竹子长得很壮，可以有30厘米粗。因此答案选C。‎ ‎3. B。由第2个题目我们可知竹子一天能长1.5米，那么三天就能长4.5米。‎ ‎4. A。根据第5段第2句Because they have no money可知要选用bamboo。‎ ‎5. D。第2段的倒数第2句中说except Europe，由此可知答案为D。‎ ‎ (3)‎ ‎ Can trees talk? Yes—but not in words. Scientists have reasons to believe that trees do communicate with each other. Not long ago, researchers learned some surprising things. First a willow tree(柳树) attacked in the woods by caterpillars(毛毛虫) changed the chemistry of its leaves and made them taste so terrible that the caterpillars got tired of the leaves and stopped eating them. The even more astonishing, the tree sent out a special vapour — a signal causing its neighbours to change the chemistry of their own leaves and make them less tasty. ‎ Communication, of course, doesn’t need to be always in words. We can talk to each other by smiling, raising our shoulders and moving our hands. We know that birds and animals use a whole vocabulary of songs, sounds, and movements. Bees dance their signals, flying in certain patterns that tell other bees where to find nectar(花蜜) for honey. So why shouldn’t trees have ways of sending messages?‎ ‎1. From the passage we know that caterpillars _______. ‎ A. like willow trees B. enjoy eating fallen leaves C. can talk to other caterpillars D. can send out a special vapour ‎2. Caterpillars will stop eating willow tree leaves which _______. ‎ A. have a chemical change and become tasteless B. have a pleasant taste C. are being attacked D. are communicating ‎3. According to the passage, bees communicate with each other by _______. ‎ A. talking B. making unusual sounds ‎ C. singing songs D. flying certain patterns ‎【答案与解析】树同动物们一样也可以用自己的方式交流。‎ ‎1. A。判断题。正因为毛毛虫觉得柳树叶可口，它们才吃柳树叶的。‎ ‎2. A。语义理解题。从第 1 段第 4 句话First a willow tree(柳树) attacked in the woods by caterpillars(毛毛虫) changed the chemistry of its leaves and made them taste so terrible that the caterpillars got tired of the leaves and stopped eating them 可以做出正确选择。‎ ‎3. D。语义理解题。从第 2 段倒数第 2 句话 …flying in certain patterns that tell other bees where to find nectar(花蜜) for honey 可以知道bees交流的方式。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(4)‎ Do you know Australia? Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China. It is in the south of the earth. Australia is big, but its population is not large. The population of Australia is nearly as large as that of Shanghai. ‎ The government has made enough laws to fight pollution. The cities in Australia have got little air or water pollution. The sky is blue and the water is clean. You can clearly see fish swimming in the rivers. Plants grow very well. ‎ Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city in Western Australia, and went to a wild flowers’ exhibition. There we saw a large number of wild flowers we had never seen before. We had a wonderful time. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. In spring every year Perth has the wild flowers’ exhibition. After visiting Perth, we spent the day in the countryside. We sat down and had a rest near a path at the foot of a hill. It was quiet and we enjoyed ourselves. Suddenly we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill. What we saw made us pick up all our things and run back to the car as quickly as we could. There were about three hundred sheep coming towards us down the path. ‎ Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos(袋鼠). After a short drive from any town, you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep. Sheep, sheep, ‎ everywhere are sheep. ‎ ‎1. Australia is _______. ‎ A. the largest country in the world B. as large as Shanghai C. not as large as China D. the largest island in the north of the earth ‎2. The government had made _______. ‎ A. too enough laws to fight pollution B. so many laws that it can fight pollution C. enough laws that it can hardly fight pollution D. enough laws because the pollution is very serious ‎3. Which of the following is NOT true？‎ A. Perth is famous for its beautiful wild flowers. ‎ B. Perth is bigger than any other city in Western Australia. ‎ C. Perth lies in the west of Australia. ‎ D. No other city is larger than Perth in Australia. ‎ ‎4. In Perth you may visit a wild flowers’ show in _______. ‎ A. October B. January C. May D. July ‎5. Which of the following is true？‎ A. Australia is famous for its sheep, kangaroos and wild flowers. ‎ B. We ran back to the car because we were in the middle of white sheep. ‎ C. Three hundred sheep came towards us because they saw us. ‎ D. If you go to the countryside in Australia, you will see a large number of white sheep. ‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了澳大利亚的一些大概情况。 ‎ ‎1. C。细节题。根据第1段的第2句Australia is the largest island in the world. It is a little smaller than China可知答案为C。‎ ‎2. B。细节题。根据第2段的The government has made enough laws to fight pollution可知答案为B。‎ ‎3. D。由第3段的第1句“the biggest city in …”我们可以推测出是澳大利亚西部最大的城市，而选项D则说它是澳大利亚最大的城市，所以D错误。‎ ‎4. D。根据第3段中的Last month we visited Perth, the biggest city in Western Australia…答案为 D。‎ ‎5. D。从最后一段的After a short drive from any town, you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep…可以判断出选项D正确。‎ ‎(5)‎ Paracutin was born in Mexico in February, 1943. At the end of one week Paracutin was 500 feet high, and it is now over 9, 000 feet high. Today Paracutin is asleep. ‎ What is Paracutin? It was the first volcano(火山) in the world which was seen from its birth right up to the present day. On February 20, 1943, a peasant and his wife set out to work in their corn fields from the Mexican village of Paracutin. They were surprised to find the earth warm under their feet. Suddenly they heard noises deep in the earth and a small hole appeared in their field. In the afternoon there was a sudden loud noise and stones were thrown high in the air. The peasants ran from the field and turned to watch. They saw the birth of a volcano. ‎ ‎ Large quantities of stone and lava(岩浆) broke out and a little hill began to form. By evening this hill was 100 feet high and hot ashes(灰烬) were falling on the village. At night the strong light of the hot lava lit up the countryside. The trees near the village were killed and the villagers had to leave their houses. When the village was destroyed, its name was given to the volcano. The news quickly reached Mexico City, far to the east. Many people came to watch the scene. The volcano grew and grew for ten years and hundreds of square miles of forest were destroyed. Then Paracutin went to sleep. ‎ ‎1. Paracutin was once the name of ________. ‎ A. a peasant B. a village C. an old mountain D. a Mexican ‎2. What was destroyed in the growing up of the volcano?‎ A. The little hill of stone. ‎ B. The villagers living close by. ‎ C. The forests and fields round Paracutin. ‎ D. The Mexican peasant and his wife.‎ ‎3. In this passage the writer is trying to ________. ‎ A. tell us an interesting happening ‎ B. explain a scientific theory C. make us believe something ‎ D. make up an interesting story ‎4. What can we learn about volcanoes from this passage？‎ A. New volcanoes may appear in places where people do not expect them to be. ‎ B. Volcanoes are always growing. ‎ C. Volcanoes are active from time to time. ‎ D. New volcanoes are active for only ten years. ‎ ‎【答案与解析】本文描述了1943年2月20 日墨西哥Paracutin 火山喷发的全过程。‎ ‎1. B。细节题。从第2段第3句话中的 the Mexican village of Paracutin 以及第3段中的 When the village was destroyed, its name was given to the volcano 可知Paracutin 曾经是一个村子名。‎ ‎2. C。细节题。根据第3段倒数第2句 The volcano grew and grew for ten years and hundreds of square miles of forest were destroyed 可得答案为C。‎ ‎3. A。判断题。此题可用排除法做，选项B、C、D显然与原文不符，故选A。‎ ‎4. A。判断题。根据文章内容和一般常识可以排除选项B、C和D，而且从文章中我们可以了解到那个村庄没有人知道会有火山爆发，所以答案应为A。‎