【英语】2018届人教版选修8一轮复习：Unit5Meetingyourancestors核心词汇学案（7页）

【英语】2018届人教版选修8一轮复习：Unit5Meetingyourancestors核心词汇学案（7页）

Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 核心词汇学案（7页） ‎ 核心单词 ‎1. alternative n.可供选择的事物；（两者或以上）可能的选择 adj. 供选择的, 二选一的 常用结构：‎ have no alternative but to do sth.‎ 只能做某事；除¡¡外别无选择 We have no alternative but to go on.‎ 除了继续下去,我们别无选择。‎ There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory. ‎ 除了战斗到胜利,别无选择。 ‎ 联想拓展：‎ alternatively adv. 或者，二者择一地 alternate vt. 使交替；vi.交替；adj. 交替的；轮流的 高手过招：‎ ‎(1)单项填空 In this school, the students have three courses, and seven courses. ‎ A. required; alternative B. requiring; alternative ‎ C. required; alternate D. requiring; alternate 解析：选A。require(尤指根据法规) 规定、需要，此处用过去分词required修饰courses，因为两者之间为被动关系。后空意思为¡°选择，选其一¡±，alternative符合句意。 ‎ ‎(2)单句改错 ‎ ‎①I had no alternative but report him to the police. ‎ ‎②You have the alternative to speaking or keeping quiet. ‎ ‎③Tom and Harry do the work on alternative days.‎ 答案：①report前加to ②to→of ‎③alternative→ alternate ‎ ‎2. arrest ‎ vt. 逮捕，拘留，吸引(注意)‎ n.[C]逮捕 常用结构：‎ be arrested for sth. 因某事而被捕 arrest one s attention吸引某人的注意 under arrest被捕；被拘留 The criminal was arrested yesterday.那名罪犯昨天被捕了。‎ What she did arrested my attention. 她所做的吸引了我的注意力。‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词或arrest 的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①I got arrested careless driving.‎ ‎②Her uncle was arrest, but nobody knew the reason. ‎ ‎③Five youths in connection with the attack. ‎ ‎④The public applauded the of the criminal suspect.‎ 答案：①for ②under ③were arrested ④arrest ‎ ‎3. preserve v.保护,维持,保存 常用结构：‎ preserve sth. from 使¡¡免遭¡¡‎ You can preserve meat or fish in salt.你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。‎ It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order. ‎ 警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。‎ 联想拓展：‎ preservable adj. 可保存的 preservation n. 保存 preserver n. 保护者，保存者 ‎ 易混辨析：‎ preserve/conserve/reserve/protect preserve v. 保护，维持，保存；‎ conserve v.保存，保护，强调珍惜；‎ reserve v. 指意见、看法的保留或座位的预定；‎ protect v. 保护，强调使其免受破坏或损害。 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 ‎①In spite of failing to save every endangered species, we may preserve the majority extinction.‎ ‎ ‎ A. Against B. with C. beyond D. from ‎②It is the duty of the police to social order.‎ A. Save B.reserve C.preserve D. rescue ‎①解析：选D。preserve sth. from 使¡¡免遭¡¡，符合句意。‎ ‎②解析：选C。A、D两项都意为¡°拯救¡±；B项意为¡°保留，保存¡±；C项意为¡°保护，维持¡±。根据句意可知，选C。‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶加以保存。‎ In the summer, large crops of fruit may by freezing or bottling. ‎ ‎②我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该保存下去。‎ I think these interesting old customs . ‎ 答案：①be preserved②should be preserved ‎ ‎4. relief ‎ n.减轻，解除 常用结构：‎ bring /seek/find/give/feel relief ‎ 带来/寻求/找到/予以/感到解脱 much to ones relief=to ones great relief ‎ 使某人宽慰的是¡¡‎ relief road 备用车道 relief map 地形图 I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination. ‎ 当听到已经通过考试时，我感到轻松了许多。 ‎ 联想拓展：‎ relieve ones feelings 发泄感情 relieve sb. of 使某人解除 The minister was relieved of his post.‎ 部长被解除了职务。‎ 高手过招：‎ 单项填空 Hearing the news that her son was found, she breathed a sigh of .‎ A.excitement B. joy C. relief D. belief 解析：选C。按照句意此处为¡°减轻忧虑，松了一口气¡±，C项符合句意。 ‎ ‎5. assume ‎ vt. 设想，假定；主观认为；装出¡¡的样子 常用结构：‎ assume sb./sth. to be 假定/认为某人/事是¡¡‎ We assumed that you understood the situation.‎ 我们认为你了解形势。 ‎ He assumed a wellinformed manner but in fact he knows very little. 他装出一副见多识广的样子，而实际上他知之甚少。‎ 联想拓展：‎ assumed adj.假装的，假的；假定的，设想的 ‎ an assumed result假定的结果 assuming adj.自负的，傲慢的，过分自信的；‎ conj. 假如 (后跟从句)‎ assumption n. 假定，设想 His look of astonishment was assumed. ‎ 他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。‎ He is too assuming in this attitude about the energy supply.他在对待能源问题的态度上显得过于自信。‎ Assuming that the weather is favourable, farmers will have a bumper harvest. ‎ 假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。 ‎ 高手过招 完成句子 ‎ ‎①假如今天下午下雨我们该怎么办呢？ ‎ ‎ this afternoon, what shall we do? ‎ ‎②在证实他有罪之前我们必须要假定他是清白的。‎ We innocent until he is proved guilty. ‎ 答案：①Assuming it rains②must assume him to be ‎ ‎6. somehow ‎ adv. 不知怎么地；以¡¡方式 常用结构：‎ somehow or other ‎ 不知是什么原因；由于某种原因；以某种方式 Somehow or other we became friends, I never knew just why it was.不知何故我们成了朋友，我绝不知道为什么会这样。 ‎ 易混辨析：‎ anyhow/somehow/somewhat anyhow 意为¡°无论如何¡±，相当于 anyway；at any rate；‎ somehow 意为¡°以某种方式(in some way or other)¡±或¡°由于某种原因¡±；‎ somewhat 意为¡°从某种意义上讲；有几分¡±，相当于 in a way, rather。‎ I always know Id get the job, somehow.‎ 也不知为什么，我总觉得能得到那份工作。‎ Somehow we must get to Glasgow. ‎ 我们得设法到格拉斯哥去。‎ He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的，但不知怎么却落后了。‎ I am somewhat tired of this book. 我对这本书有点厌烦。‎ 高手过招 选词填空(somehow/anyhow/somewhat）‎ ‎①We must get the work finished or other by tomorrow morning.‎ ‎②It may rain, but I shall go out， I dont mind the rain.‎ ‎③The price was higher than I¡¯d expected.‎ 答案：①somehow②anyhow③somewhat ‎ 重点短语 ‎7. regardless of ‎ adj. 不管, 不顾 People should be hired regardless of race and sex. ‎ 雇用人员应没有种族、性别的差异。 ‎ He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter. 他不顾及我在此事上的感受而继续往下说。‎ 联想拓展：‎ regardless adv. 无论如何；不管；不顾 disregarding /in spite of /despite 三者意义和用法相同，区别不大。‎ regardlessness n. 不注意 温馨提示：‎ in spite of the fact that句式表示¡°虽然；即使,不管事实上如何¡±。 ‎ although/though conj. 尽管，虽然；其后接句子。 ‎ 高手过招：‎ 单项填空 ‎① the difficulties in talking, they can understand each other by body language.‎ A. Regardless of B. Although C. Though D. In spite ‎ ‎②Some people act regardless what will happen afterwards. ‎ A.with B. as C. of D. for ‎ ‎①解析：选A。although与though是连词，后需跟句子，而the difficulties in talking是名词短语，故排除。D项表达有误。故选A。‎ ‎②解析：选C。regardless of不顾，不管。符合句意。‎ ‎8. fed up with 受够了;厌烦;饱受 I¡¯m fed up with waiting for her.我等她都等得不耐烦了。‎ What¡¯s the matter? You look pretty fed up.‎ 怎么啦？你显得那么不耐烦。‎ 联想拓展： ‎ feed sb./sth. on sth. 给（人或动物）食物；喂；饲养 feed on（动物）以¡¡为主食 feed sth. to sb./sth. 给（人或动物）某物作为食物 ‎ 高手过招：‎ 用适当的介词填空 ‎ ‎①Several children were feeding bread the ducks. ‎ ‎②What do you feed your dog ? ‎ ‎③Cows feed grass. ‎ ‎④Im fed up the same breakfast every morning. ‎ 答案： ①to ②on ③on ④with ‎ ‎9. cut up 切碎；使伤心，严厉批评 Peter, why dont you cut up vegetables? ‎ 彼得，为何不把蔬菜切碎了呢？‎ 联想拓展：‎ cut off 切断；剪掉 cut down 砍伐；削减 cut in 打断 cut out 剪去，删去;略去 cut into pieces 切成碎片 Dont cut in while Im talking!我说话时别插嘴! ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 Half the forest was to make room for the new road. ‎ ‎ ‎ A.cut off B. cut down ‎ C. cut up D. cut away ‎ ‎ 解析：选B。考查短语辨析。cut off 切除；cut down 砍倒；cut up 将（木头等）分解开。‎ ‎10. look ahead 向前看；为将来打算 联想拓展：‎ look back 向后看； 回顾 look out 留神；注意 look into 调查 look up 查找；形势好转；看望 ‎ look up to sb. 钦佩/尊敬某人 look through 仔细查阅 look forward to sth./doing sth. 盼望着 look on 旁观；看作 look over 快速浏览;复习 look down (on/upon sth.) 向下看； 轻视 Look out! There is danger ahead!当心!前面危险!‎ Im looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation. ‎ 我盼望今年暑假能见到你。 ‎ 高手过招：‎ 完成句子 ‎ ‎①You should (翻阅字典查查这个生词).‎ ‎②I am (盼望) hearing from you as soon as possible. ‎ ‎③ (当心) or you will catch cold.‎ ‎④I have to (复习笔记) for the exam.‎ 答案：①look up the word in a dictionary ‎ ②looking forward to ‎ ③Look out ‎ ④look over my notes 重点句型 ‎11. If only it could be just like last year!‎ 要是能像去年那样该有多好啊！‎ if only但愿；要是¡¡就好了。其后一般用虚拟语气。‎ If only I were a doctor. 这句话用的是一般过去时，意思是：我现在要是个医生就好了。与现在相对应的句子用一般过去时。‎ If only I had said nothing. 而这句用的是过去完成时，意思是：我当时什么都不说就好了。是与过去时态相对应的，故用过去完成时。‎ If only my son didnt spend so much time before TV. ‎ 这句可以理解为一般现在时的虚拟语气，所以句子中使用了一般过去时态。原意为：要是我儿子不在电视前面待那么长时间就好了。‎ 温馨提示：‎ only if表示¡°只有，只要¡±， 后接让步状语从句，主句采用倒装句式。‎ I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. ‎ 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。‎ Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.‎ 只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进入这个房间。‎ 高手过招：‎ 单项填空 Look at the trouble Im in! If only I your advice. ‎ A. Followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 解析：选C。由句意可知此处为if only引导的条件状语从句，且用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 ‎ ‎12. Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.‎ 她突然坐了下来，结果被爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。‎ only to do 是不定式作结果状语，意为¡°不料，结果却¡±,表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。‎ I hurried to the post office only to find it closed. ‎ 我匆忙地去邮局，却发现它已经关门了。‎ He hurried home only to find the guests had left.‎ 他匆匆忙忙赶回家, 结果发现客人们已经走了。‎ 温馨提示：‎ 现在分词也可以作状语表示结果，但表示的是意料之中的结果。‎ He dropped the glasses on the ground, bursting it into pieces.他把眼镜掉在了地 上，摔成了碎片。‎ 高手过招：‎ 单项填空 He got to the airport to find that the plane had left two minutes before. ‎ A.just B. only C. in order D. almost ‎ 解析：选B。¡°only+不定式¡±结构表示令人失望的结果。句意为：他到达机场，结果却 发现飞机在两分钟之前就飞走了。 ‎