2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit5FirstAid单元学案（18页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit5FirstAid单元学案（18页word解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit5First Aid单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、单元单词短语回顾 aid  [eid] n. & vt. 帮助；援助；资助 first aid （对伤患者的）急救 temporary  [ˈtempərəri] adj. 暂时的；临时的 fall ill 生病 injury [ˈindʒəri] n. 损伤；伤害 bleed [bli:d]vi.& vt.(bled,bled)流血 ‎△nosebleed  ['nəuzbli:d] n. 鼻出血；流鼻血 ‎△sprain  [sprein] vt. 扭伤 ‎△sprained  [spreind] adj. 扭伤的 ankle  [ˈæŋkəl] n. 踝（关节）‎ choke [tʃəuk] vi. & vt.（使）噎住；（使）窒息 cupboard  [ˈkʌbəd] n. 橱柜；衣柜 skin  [skin] n. 皮；皮肤 ‎△essential [iˈsenʃəl] adj. 最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的 organ  [ˈɔ:gən] n. 器官 ‎△layer  [ˈleiə] n. 层；层次 barrier  [ˈbæriə] n. 屏障；障碍（物）‎ poison  [ˈpɔizən] n. 毒药；毒害 ‎ vt. 毒害；使中毒 ray  [rei] n. 光线；射线 complex [ˈkɔmpleks] adj. 复杂的 variety  [vəˈraiəti] n. 变化；多样（化）；多变（性）‎ liquid  [ˈlikwid] n. 液体 radiation  [ˌreidiˈeiʃən] n. 辐射；射线 mild [maild] adj. 轻微的；温和的；温柔的 mildly  [ˈmaildli] adv. 轻微地；温和地 pan  [pæn] n. 平底锅；盘子 stove [stəuv] n. 炉子；火炉 ‎△heal  [hi:l] vi. & vt. （使）康复；（使）化解 tissue  [ˈtiʃu:] n. （生物）组织；薄的织物；手巾纸 electric shock 触电；电休克 swell[swel]vi.&vt.(swelled,swollen)（使）膨胀；隆起 swollen [ˈswəulən] adj. 肿胀的 ‎△blister [ˈblistə] n. 水泡 ‎ vi. & vt.（使）起泡 ‎△watery [ˈwɔ:təri] adj. （似）水的 ‎△char  [tʃɑ:] vi. 烧焦 ‎△nerve  [nə:v] n. 神经；胆量 scissors [ˈsizəz] n. (pl.) 剪刀 unbearable  [ʌnˈbeərəbəl] adj. 难以忍受的；不能容忍的 basin [ˈbeisən] n. 盆；盆地 squeeze  [skwi:z] vt. & vi. 榨；挤；压榨 squeeze out 榨出；挤出 over and over again 反复；多次 bandage  [ˈbændidʒ] n. 绷 in place 在适当的位置；适当 ‎△ointment  [ˈɔintmənt] n. 药膏；油膏 ‎△infection [inˈfekʃən] n.传染；传染病；感染 vital [ˈvaitl] adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的 symptom  [ˈsimptəm] n. 症状；征兆 ‎△label label vt. 加标签或标记；分类 n. 标签；标记 kettle  [ˈketl] n. (水)壶；罐 pour  [pɔ:r] vt. & vi. 倒；灌；注；涌 wrist  [rist] n. 手腕 damp  [dæmp] adj. 潮湿的 ‎△Casey 凯西（姓）‎ sleeve  [sli:v] n. 袖子 blouse  [blaus] n. 女衬衫 tight  [tait] adj. 牢的；紧的；紧密的 tightly [ˈtaitli] adv. 紧地；牢牢地 firm [fə:m] adj. （动作）稳定有力的；坚定的 firmly adv. 坚固地；稳定地 throat  [θrəut] n. 咽喉；喉咙 ‎△Janson 詹森（姓）‎ ceremony[ˈseriməni]n.典礼；仪式；礼节 bravery [ˈbreivəri] n. 勇敢；勇气 ‎△Slade 斯莱德（姓）‎ stab  [stæb] vt. & vi. 刺；戳；刺伤 a number of 若干；许多 put one’s hands on 找到 treat  [tri:t] vt. & vi. 治疗；对待；款待n. 款待；招待 apply  [əˈplai] vt. 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效 pressure  [ˈpreʃə] n. 压力；挤压；压迫（感）‎ ambulance [ˈæmbjuləns] n. 救护车 ‎△scheme [ski:m] n. 方案；计划 ‎△Southerton 萨瑟顿（姓）‎ make a difference [ˈdifrəns] 区别对待；有影响；起（重要）作用 ‎△bruise  [bru:z] n. & vi. 瘀伤；擦伤 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子 ‎1．他正在做作业，就在这时火警开始响了。(be doing sth. when ...)‎ He_was_doing_his_homework_when_the_fire_alarm_began_ringing.‎ ‎2．直到2015年，他才回到家乡。(强调句)‎ It_was_not_until_2015_that_he_returned_to_his_hometown.‎ ‎3．毫无疑问我姐姐肯定会信守诺言的。(There is no doubt that ...)‎ There_is_no_doubt_that_my_sister_will_keep_her_promise.‎ ‎4．玛丽穿着白色的外套去参加聚会了。(be dressed in)‎ Dressed_in_a_white_coat,_Mary_went_to_the_party.‎ ‎5．他戴着太阳镜以阻挡强烈的阳光。(protect ... from ...)‎ He_is_wearing_sunglasses_to_protect_his_eyes_from_the_strong_sunlight.‎ ‎6．你不能永远依赖你的父母。(depend on)‎ You_can't_depend_on_your_parents_forever.‎ ‎7．我再三告诫你不要那样做。(over and over again)‎ I've_told_you_not_to_do_that_over_and_over_again.‎ ‎8．对我来说，你来不来这儿都无所谓。(make no difference)‎ It_makes_no_difference_to_me_whether_you_come_here_or_not._‎ ‎9．在这样的情形下，牢记我们所学习的东西是至关重要的。(vital)‎ In_such_situations,_it_is_vital_to_keep_in_mind_what_we_have_learned.‎ ‎10．最好把你的东西放在适当的位置。(in place)‎ You'd_better_put_things_back_in_place.‎ 单元综合知识运用 一 完形填空提速训练 My friend Brett had just gotten a bike and many other kids in my neighborhood knew how to ride.I also wanted to, but I didn't __1__ know the difference between the clutch (离合器) and the front brake (闸)．All the __2__ told me I couldn't do it because I was a girl.I was determined to prove them __3__， so Brett let me try his bike.I wasn't on for one minute __4__ I fell off.He came over to __5__ if I was okay, but then started laughing.‎ That night I told my dad the whole story.He asked how much I really wanted to __6__ and I told him it was everything I __7__.‎ A few days later, my dad brought a nice bike home.He spent four long weeks __8__ me everything I needed to know about the __9__ and the basics of riding.No one truly believed I could learn to __10__ except my dad.Day after day he worked with me, and I began to __11__.I was so __12__.‎ Each ride on my bike, I got a little better, and __13__ I was ready for my first time on the roads.But still, I was __14__ by the boys.I cannot even remember how many nights I spent crying when I had lost my __15__ because those boys teased me.Every time I needed a shoulder to cry on, my dad was there.He never let me __16__ and always had faith in me, even if I couldn't do something right.‎ My dad was a huge __17__ that summer and taught me so much that will stay with me for the rest of my life, __18__ that I ‎ shouldn't let others put me down.I also learned that I can do anything with enough __19__ and practice, but I never would have achieved my dream of learning how to ride a bike __20__ my dad.‎ 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了在父亲的帮助和鼓励下，作者学会骑自行车的故事。‎ ‎1．A.already　　　　　　　 B．only C．even D．always 解析：选C　由上文中的“many other kids in my neighborhood knew how to ride”和该空后的“know the difference between the clutch (离合器) and the front brake (闸)”可知，“我”“甚至(even)”不知道离合器和前刹车之间的区别。‎ ‎2．A.neighbors B．boys C．classmates D．parents 解析：选B　由下文中的“because I was a girl”和“I was __14__ by the boys”可知，邻里的“男孩(boys)”都说“我”不行，因为“我”是女孩。‎ ‎3．A.correct B．different C．guilty D．wrong 解析：选D　由上下文的描述可知，“我”想证明他们是“错的(wrong)”。‎ ‎4．A.before B．until C．when D．since 解析：选A　由文中的描述可知，“我”骑在自行车上没到一分钟就摔倒了。not ...before ...意为“未及(不等)……就……”。‎ ‎5．A.know B．see C．decide D．explain 解析：选B　由下文中的“if I was okay”可知，Brett跑过来“看(see)”“我”有没有事。‎ ‎6．A.continue B．stop C．learn D．change 解析：选C　由上下文的描述可知，父亲问“我”有多想“学(learn)”骑自行车。‎ ‎7．A.dreamed about B．set about C．prepared for D．searched for 解析：选A　由下文中的“achieved my dream”可知，“我”说这是“我”所“梦想(dreamed about)”的。‎ ‎8．A.asking B．teaching C．checking D．examining 解析：选B　由文中的“everything I needed to know”和“the basics of riding”可知，父亲花了四周的时间“教(teaching)”“我”关于“自行车(bike)”的知识以及骑车的基本要领。‎ ‎9．A.method B．skill C．bike D．car 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎10．A.ride B．play C．prove D．compete 解析：选A　由文中的描述可知，除了父亲，没人相信“我”能学会“骑车(ride)”。‎ ‎11．A.move B．realize C．understand D．progress 解析：选D　由上文中的“Day after day he worked with me”可知，通过一天天的练习，“我”开始“进步(progress)”了。‎ ‎12．A.brave B．thankful C．calm D．optimistic 解析：选B　对于父亲的帮助和付出，“我”很“感激(thankful)”。‎ ‎13．A.immediately B．clearly C．probably D．finally 解析：选D　由上下文的描述可知，“我”每次都进步一点，“最后(finally)”终于能骑车上路了。‎ ‎14．A.looked out B．kept off C．laughed at D．turned down 解析：选C　由下文中的“those boys teased me”可知，“我”依然被那些男孩“取笑(laughed at)”。‎ ‎15．A.chance B．way C．mind D．confidence 解析：选D　由该段的描述可知，“我”因为那些男孩的嘲笑失去了“自信(confidence)”。‎ ‎16．A.break away B．get out C．look back D．give up 解析：选D　由下文中的“always had faith in me”可知，父亲从不让“我”“放弃(give up)”，他永远对“我”充满信心。‎ ‎17．A.help B．hero C．challenge D．problem 解析：选A　由下文中的“taught me so much that will stay ‎ with me for the rest of my life”可知，那个夏天父亲给了“我”极大的“帮助(help)”。‎ ‎18．A.simply B．especially C．obviously D．fortunately 解析：选B　由下文中的“I shouldn't let others put me down”可知，父亲教会了“我”很多，“尤其是(especially)”不要让别人小看自己。‎ ‎19．A.work B．curiosity C．pride D．determination 解析：选D　由文中的描述可知，有足够的“决心(determination)”和练习，“我”可以做成任何事情。‎ ‎20．A.with B．for C．without D．except 解析：选C　如果“没有(without)”父亲，“我”永远不会实现自己学会骑自行车的梦想。‎ 二、阅读理解提速训练 A Most buildings are built to stand up straight, but these look as if they might fall over!‎ The church tower of Suurhusen Built in 1450, the 27metrehigh church tower lies in Suurhusen, Germany. It was built in wet land on foundations of oak tree trunks (树干). When the land was drained (排水) later, the wood broke down, causing one side of the tower to be a little lower than the other. In 1975, the tower became a ‎ real hazard and people were not allowed to enter until the foundations were made strong again. The lean (倾斜) of the tower is now about five degrees.‎ The Leaning Tower of Pisa The work of building the tower began in 1173, and was finally completed in 1372. In fact, it began to lean after just a couple of floors were built. And this condition continued in the centuries after its completion. The tower was finally closed to the public in 1990 after people failed to stabilize (使稳固) its foundations. In 2001, it was reopened after engineers removed soil from underneath its raised side. Now it leans just an angle of 3.97 degrees.‎ Capital Gate of Abu Dhabi Completed in 2011, the Capital Gate tower in Abu Dhabi was designed to lean eighteen degrees. The building stands next to the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre and contains, among other things, a fine hotel with wonderful views of the harbour. Also known as the leaning tower of Abu Dhabi, the tower is one of the tallest buildings in the city.‎ Big Ben of London The building leans 0.26 degrees to the northwest. This was mainly caused by the engineering projects (项目) that have been carried out in the ground below it since the late 1800s. The tower, which has been continuously open since it was completed in 1858, has nowhere near the lean of the Tower of Pisa and is ‎ still completely safe to enter.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座闻名世界的斜塔。‎ ‎1．The underlined word “hazard” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．danger　　　　　　　　 B．church C．castle D．treasure 解析：选A　词义猜测题。由该词后的“people were not allowed to enter until the foundations were made strong again”可知，塔由于倾斜变得危险了，所以不允许人们进去了，故选A项。‎ ‎2．What can we learn about the Leaning Tower of Pisa?‎ A．It didn't lean until ten years after its completion.‎ B．It took almost two hundred years to complete.‎ C．It was built on foundations of oak tree trunks.‎ D．It has been open since it was completed.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第三段中的“The work of building the tower began in 1173, and was finally completed in 1372.”可知，建成比萨斜塔用了将近200年的时间，故选B项。‎ ‎3．Which of the following towers leans the most according to the text?‎ A．The church tower of Suurhusen.‎ B．The Leaning Tower of Pisa.‎ C．Capital Gate of Abu Dhabi.‎ D．Big Ben of London.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第二段中的“five degrees”‎ ‎，第三段中的“3.97 degrees”，第四段中的“eighteen degrees”和最后一段中的“0.26 degrees”可知，C项为正确答案。‎ B First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life. In many emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim's condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make a difference.‎ Firstaid measures depend upon the victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal (脊柱的) injury and paralysis (瘫痪)．‎ Despite the variety of injuries, several principles of first aid can apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking people around or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病) or heart ‎ trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.‎ First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether lifethreatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim's condition is known as the acronym (首字母缩略词) ABC, which stands for：‎ A—Airway: Is it open and clear?‎ B—Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.‎ C—Circulation: Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是急救的重要性以及如何实施急救。‎ ‎4.First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT ________.‎ A．saving a victim's life B．preventing a victim's condition from getting worse C．relieving a victim from pain D．helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It may save ... provide relief from pain.”可知A、B、C三项的内容均为急救的作用。再根据对急救的描述可知，急救不能避免突发的疾病或伤害。‎ ‎5．Before we offer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us to ________.‎ A．make sure what to do and what not to do B．refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid C．remove the medical card he/she may take D．take him/her to a hospital at once 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Knowing what not to do ... knowing what to do.”可知A项正确。‎ ‎6．You may assess a victim's condition by all the following EXCEPT ________.‎ A．checking whether there is a pulse B．looking, listening and feeling for breathing C．measuring his/her blood pressure D．examining whether the airway is open and clear 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知A、B、D三项均表述正确，而C项没有提及，故应选C。‎ C Sometimes very odd things show up in ordinary places. In the 1800s, a strange sight began to be reported by farmers. Then in the 1970s, this strange event began to happen more and more often. People traveled for miles to stand in the fields and take photos of something they couldn't easily explain. What were they looking at? It was the crop circles — large and complex (复杂的) designs set into the middle of ordinary farm fields. No one could understand how these huge designs were ‎ made.‎ Crop circles are found most often in fields of wheat, corn, or rice. They are usually created overnight, although some are reported to have appeared during the day. They have been seen all around the world, in more than 70 different countries. Scientists have found that the plants inside a crop circle are drier than the ones outside it. The plant stems (茎) are bent and not broken in most crop circles, and sometimes the soil in the design has more iron than the soil outside of the design. Unfortunately, these facts alone do not help scientists answer their questions about crop circles. These facts only make them more mysterious.‎ Some people believe crop circles are made by UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) landing in farm fields. Others think aliens (外星人) are leaving us messages in the beautiful designs. Still others believe Earth energy under the ground makes plants bend over in designs. Some people say they actually made the crop circles with special equipment. Scientists have found some crop circles that are certainly made by people, but they are usually a little different from other crop circles. So who makes crop circles and why they make them can't be explained to this very day.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麦田怪圈的相关知识。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “odd” in Paragraph 1‎ ‎ probably mean?‎ A．Big. B．Bad.‎ C．Unreal. D．Unusual.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“a strange sight, something they couldn't easily explain”以及“No one could understand how”可知，这些提示信息均指向一些人们无法理解的不寻常的事情。‎ ‎8．It's generally thought that crop circles ________.‎ A．are made during the night B．happen in the same places C．are found in terrible places D．have very frightening designs 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are usually created overnight”可知，人们普遍认为麦田怪圈是一夜之间形成的。‎ ‎9．Which of the following have the scientists proved?‎ A．Some crop circles are manmade.‎ B．UFOs help create some crop circles.‎ C．There actually are crop circles made by aliens.‎ D．Earth energy is one reason for crop circles' appearance.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists have found some crop circles that are certainly made by people”可知，科学家已经证实有一些麦田怪圈是有人蓄意为之。‎ ‎10．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The History of Crop Circles B．Different Designs of Crop Circles C．Crop Circles: The Unsolved Mystery D．Crop Circles: The Great Influence on Farms 解析：选C　标题归纳题。文章第一段点出“No one could understand how these huge designs were made”，最后一段中的“who makes crop circles and why they make them can't be explained to this very day”再次点明文章的主题，即：麦田怪圈一直是个不解之谜。故C项作标题概括了文章主旨。‎