【英语】2018届一轮复习人教版必修5unit1Greatscientists学案(1)

【英语】2018届一轮复习人教版必修5unit1Greatscientists学案(1)

重点识记词汇 ‎1.put forward提出　　2.draw a conclusion得出结论 ‎3．victim n．受害者 4.enquiry n．询问 ‎5．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n．失败 6.expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n．专家；行家 ‎7．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 8.expose...to 使显露；暴露 ‎9．cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗 10.challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战 ‎11．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 12.foresee vt.预见；预知 ‎13．severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 14.spin vi.& vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)‎ ‎15．blame vt.责备；谴责 n．过失；责备 16.handle n．柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵 ‎17．apart from除……之外；此外 18.positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎19．(be) strict with...对……严格的 20.make sense讲得通；有意义 ‎21．neighbourhood n．附近；邻近→neighbour n．邻居 22.analyse vt.分析→analysis n．分析(analyses 复数)‎ ‎23．infect vt.传染；感染→infectious adj.传染的→infection n．感染；传染 ‎24．link vt.& n．连接；联系→link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎25．backward adv.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)‎ ‎26．characteristic n．特征；特性 adj.特有的；独特的→character n．特性；性格；人物；字体 ‎27．painter n．画家；油漆匠→paint vt.(用颜料等)画；粉刷→painting n．油画；水彩画 ‎28．scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 ‎29．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束 ‎30．suspect vt.认为；怀疑 n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion n．怀疑→suspicious ‎ adj.有疑心的 ‎31．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染→polluted adj.被污染的 ‎32．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员 ‎33．certainty n．确信；确实→certain adj.确实；肯定→certainly adv.确定；肯定 ‎34．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．指示；命令；(pl.)指示，说明→instructive adj.有教育意义的；有启发的 ‎35．movement n．移动；运动；动作→move vt.& vi.移动 ‎36．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物 ‎37．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献 ‎38．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；谨慎→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 ‎39．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃 ‎40．universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的→universally adv.普遍地 ‎41．creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的→create v．创造；创作→creation n．创造；创建 ‎42．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n．热情；热心 ‎43．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n．责任；负责 必背经典句式 ‎1.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解对它的治疗。‎ ‎2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 因此每一次暴发(霍乱)都会有成千上万恐慌的人死去。‎ ‎3．He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.‎ 他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。‎ ‎4．To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.‎ 为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。‎ ‎5．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it...‎ 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星围绕着太阳转……‎ 构词记忆 　architecture /′ɑːkItektʃə/ n．[U]建筑学；建筑艺术；建筑风格 creature /′kriːtʃə/ n．[C]1.创造物；产物　2.生物；动物 departure /dI′pɑːtʃə/ n．[C]&[U]启程；离开；出发 literature /′lItərətʃə/ n．[C]&[U]1.文学　2.文献；图书资料 signature /′sIɡnətʃə/ n．[C]&[U]署名；签名 Ⅰ.词汇与派生 A．语境填词 ‎1．A nurse attended(照料) to his needs constantly.‎ ‎2．She doesn’t want to expose(暴露) herself to the public，because she is a shy girl.‎ ‎3．Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges(挑战) we face.‎ ‎4．Who is to blame(应负责任) for setting the house on fire?‎ ‎5．You must be cautious(小心的)when crossing the street.‎ ‎6．Have they announced(通告) when the plane will take off?‎ ‎7．How disappointed they were when their team was defeated(打败) by ours.‎ ‎8．Two policemen as well as an expert were sent to handle(处理) the complex case.‎ ‎9．Have you heard that Martin got severe(严重的) injuries in the traffic accident?‎ ‎10．Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure(治疗) toothache.‎ ‎11．To my surprise，one of my most able students was rejected(拒绝) by the university.‎ ‎12．We must stop the pollution(污染) of our beaches.‎ ‎13．Kindness is one of his characteristics(特性)．‎ B．用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎14．The laboratory animals have been infected with the bacteria，which is highly infectious.Any of you should avoid being exposed to infection.(infect)‎ ‎15．He was interested in science when young.After he grew up to be a scientist，he liked to do scientific experiments to test his ideas.(science)‎ ‎16．The teacher concluded from the evidence that she was wrong.And his conclusion proved to be right.(conclude)‎ ‎17．He infected a deadly bacteria last month，and died five days later.His death is a great loss to our career.(die)‎ ‎18．He moved to Beijing in 1988 and the movement proved to be important to the further development of his career.(move)‎ ‎19．As professional analysts，both of you must try to analyse the causes of the strike，and present a detailed analysis of the situation.(analyse)‎ ‎20．The old man often instructed us how to behave well in public and his instruction made a deep impression on us.(instruct)‎ ‎21．Many factories have been constructed in our city since last year，and a power station is under construction in the south.(construct)‎ ‎22．He didn’t know much about the subject，but he was very enthusiastic，and his enthusiasm ‎ made everyone else interested.(enthusiastic)‎ ‎23．It is universally agreed that the universe is endless.(universe)‎ ‎24．This work has absorbed him for several years.He seemed totally absorbed in his work.(absorb)‎ ‎25．The writer personally contributed￥5,000 to the earthquake fund.All the contributions will be gratefully received.(contribute)‎ Ⅱ.短语运用 A．用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空 come to an end，draw a conclusion，expose...to...，link...to...，look into，cure sb.of sth.，put forward，lead to，slow down，make sense，be infected with ‎26．It doesn’t make sense to complain after being defeated.You should cheer up and practise hard instead.‎ ‎27．—What do you think of the plan he put forward at the meeting?‎ ‎ —Very good.But the most important is to put it into practice.‎ ‎28．It’s very dangerous to be exposed to these viruses without any protection.‎ ‎29．Your computer has been infected with a virus.‎ ‎30．After two months’negotiation，the dispute between these two countries finally came to an end.‎ ‎31．His disappearance is being looked into by the police.‎ ‎32．Everybody thought that it was my carelessness that led to the disaster.‎ ‎33．We drew a conclusion that we should close the window and lock the door every day before going out or going to bed.‎ ‎34．If we make common efforts and cure us of carelessness，burglary will never happen again.‎ ‎35．It is obvious that lung cancer is linked to heavy smoking.‎ B．用方框内所给短语填空 ‎36．Apart from your spelling，your composition is rather good.‎ ‎37．I can’t say with certainty where I’ll be next week.‎ ‎38．He went to the badminton club at times during his school days.‎ Ⅲ.经典句式 ‎39．Every time I meet with difficulties in study，I solve it by myself.‎ ‎ 每次学习上碰到困难，我都是独自解决。‎ ‎40．I didn’t know the fact until I read your letter.‎ 读了你的来信之后我才知道真实的情况。‎ ‎41．He suggested that the work (should) be started at once.‎ 他建议立即动工。‎ ‎42．Neither the American government nor the French officials have confirmed the news about ‎ Libya.‎ 美国政府和法国官员都没有证实有关利比亚的这则新闻。‎ ‎43．With the price of the houses going up，a great many people can’t afford to buy a house.‎ 随着房价的上升，许多人买不起房子。‎ ‎1 conclude v.断定，推断出；得出结论；(使)结束，终止(end) ‎[应试指导]　写作高频词汇to conclude，in conclusion conclude sth.with...就某事与某人达成协议；以……结束 conclude sth.from...从……推断出……‎ to conclude最后 arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论 make a conclusion下结论 in conclusion总之；最后 So what can we conclude from this debate?‎ 那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论？‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)He concluded his speech with a famous saying.‎ ‎(2)What can we conclude from Stafford’s research?‎ ‎(3)In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.‎ ‎(4)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to conclude(conclude) it with important points.‎ ‎2 attend v.出席，参加；照料，护理(take care of)；处理，对付(deal with) ‎[应试指导]　其高级词汇是be present at attend school/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜 attend on/upon sb.伺候某人；照顾某人 attend to sb./sth.处理；倾听；照料；专心；注意 Thousands of people attended the ceremony.‎ 数千人参加了庆典。‎ The main thing is to attend to the injured.‎ 首要任务是照顾伤者。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 语法填空 ‎(1)—Would you like to join us in the game?‎ ‎—I’m afraid not，for I have something important to attend(attend) to.‎ ‎(2)You must attend to your work.‎ ‎3 expose v.暴露；揭露；使曝光 ‎[应试指导]　非谓语动词句法功能的考查 expose...to使显露；暴露 be exposed to暴露于；经受……‎ expose sb.to...让某人接触某物；使某人暴露于……‎ They have not been exposed to most diseases common to urban populations.‎ 城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。‎ These units exposed children to many viewpoints of a given issue.‎ 这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某一特定问题的多种观点。‎ ‎ [夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)The newspaper exposed his secret to the public.‎ ‎①The newspaper let out his secret to the public.(用let out改写句子)‎ ‎②The newspaper gave away his secret to the public.(用give away改写句子)‎ ‎(2)Being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.‎ ‎①Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(用v.ing的主动形式作主语改写句子)‎ ‎②If exposed to the sunlight for too long，you will get your skin injured. (用if省略句改写句子)‎ ‎(3)He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill.‎ Exposed to the rain and wind last night，he was ill. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)‎ ‎4 absorb v.吸收(液体、气体等)(take in)；吸引全部注意力(attract)；使全神贯注(interest sb.very much)；使并入，吞并 absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意 absorb...from...从……中吸收……‎ be absorbed in全神贯注于 be absorbed by/into被……吞并(吸引) Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.‎ 植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。‎ She was absorbed in the book.‎ 她专心于这本书。‎ 思考　表示“全神贯注”的常见短语还有：be lost in，be buried in，fix/focus one’s attention on，devote...to，concentrate one’s mind on，apply oneself to，be addicted to等。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)用absorb的适当形式填空 ‎①When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.‎ ‎②He had an absorbed look on his face.‎ ‎③—Where is Jimmy?‎ ‎—Just now I saw him sitting under the tree，absorbed in his video games.‎ ‎(2)He was so absorbed in TV that he forgot to sleep.‎ Absorbed in TV，he forgot to sleep. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)‎ ‎5 blame v.把……归咎于，责怪，指责(say or think sb. is responsible for)；n.过失；责任(responsibility)；责备，指责 ‎[应试指导]　be to blame主动形式表被动意义的用法 blame sb.for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)‎ accept/bear/take the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上 Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。‎ The president put the blame completely on his opponent.总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。‎ ‎[词义辨析]　blame，charge，accuse ‎(1)blame责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。常用于blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人，blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人。‎ ‎(2)charge控告；谴责。常用于charge sb.with (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。‎ ‎(3)accuse控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于accuse sb.of (doing) sth.指控某人(做了)某事。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)用blame，charge，accuse的适当形式填空 ‎①It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.‎ ‎②She was said to have been charged with drunken driving.‎ ‎③I was told that he was accused of murder.‎ ‎(2)他把考试失败归咎于老师。(一句多译)‎ ‎①He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame...on)‎ ‎②He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam. (blame...for)‎ ‎③He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher. (blame n．)‎ ‎6 contribute vt.& vi.捐献；捐助(give money or goods to...)；是……的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.)；贡献；投稿(write...for...) ‎[多词一义]　contribute to，result in，be responsible for，bring about，lead to contribute...to...把……贡献给……‎ contribute to有助于；导致(＝result in/lead to)；把时间投入到……‎ make a contribution/contributions to对……作出贡献/捐款 He contributed a lot of good ideas to the discussion.‎ 他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。‎ Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital building fund？你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？‎ ‎[图解助记]‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ ‎(1)同义句改写 Various factors contributed to his downfall.‎ Various factors resulted in/led to/were responsible for/caused his downfall.‎ ‎(2)In a discussion group，it’s very important that everyone (should) contribute(每个人都贡献) whatever is in their minds.‎ ‎7 put forward提议，提出(suggest)；拿出；推荐(recommend)；将……提前 ‎[多词一义]　put forward，come up with，raise put away将……收起；把……放回原处；积蓄 put aside忽视；不理睬；储存 put off延期 put out扑灭 put in放入；把……写进(信函、故事等) May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?‎ 我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选？‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 选择方框内的短语填空 ‎(1)Far water doesn’t put out near fire.‎ ‎(2)Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.‎ ‎(3)The association has put the event off until October.‎ ‎(4)Her bed was neatly made，her clothes put away.‎ ‎(5)Class Three has put forward a reasonable proposal.‎ ‎8 apart/aside from除……之外；此外 ‎[应试指导]　作为高级词汇替换besides，except 表示“除……之外”的短语：‎ apart from/aside from除……之外，根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besides，except或except for。‎ besides＝in addition to除……之外(还，也)，常与also，more，other等连用。‎ except除……外(都)……，常与all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。‎ except for除……以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。‎ Apart from the cost，the dress doesn’t suit me.‎ 姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 用besides，except，except for，apart from填空 ‎(1)All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom.‎ ‎(2)We need three more chairs besides/apart from these two.‎ ‎(3)Apart from/Except for the ending，it’s a really good film.‎ ‎1 He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church，so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终前才公布了这一观点。‎ ‎(1)形容词dying在句中作状语，说明谓语动词lay发生时，主语所处的状态。‎ ‎(2)形容词(短语)作状语在句中还可以表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。‎ One woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing wind.‎ 有一个女人躺在床上，毫无睡意，听着疾驰而过的大风。‎ ‎[夯实基础]‎ 用形容词(短语)作状语改写句子 ‎(1)She suddenly appeared and seemed happy and satisfied.‎ Happy and satisfied，she suddenly appeared.‎ ‎(2)The boy ran home with fear full of him.‎ The boy ran home，full of fear.‎ ‎2单元语法——根据句意补全句子 ‎(1)The United States is a country which has developed.‎ ‎→The United States is a developed country.‎ ‎(2)He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him.‎ ‎→He told us of the great wrong done to him.‎ ‎(3)The children are excited (excite) about going to the zoo.‎ ‎(4)Everybody was shocked (shock) to hear the death of the famous film star.‎ ‎(5)There are four used (use) stamps.‎ 高考题组 Ⅰ.短文改错(2010·课标全国)‎ My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US，which was very interested.One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help.As the old man looked over the things on the yard that were to be sold，he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees.On the box was a card say “25 cents each”．“You will never sell these for that much，”he told Nick.Convinced，Nick has brought the price up to 10 cents a piece.Without a moment’s delay，my neighbor picked up the box but announced，“I’ll take them.”‎ 答案 My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US，which was very .One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door by to help.As the old man looked over the things that were to be sold，he stopped at a box of golden for Christmas trees.On the box was a card “25 cents each”．“You will never sell these for that much，”he told Nick.Convinced，Nick has　 brought the price to 10 cents a piece.Without a moment’s delay， neighbor picked up the box announced，“I’ll take them.”‎ Ⅱ.写作常用句翻译 ‎1．实话实说，这件事怪苏，但是李也应受指责。(be to blame)(2012·江苏·书面表达)‎ To be honest，it was Su’s fault，but Li was also to blame.‎ ‎2．他突然想到第二天早晨他有个会议要参加。(attend)(2011·湖北·完成句子)‎ It (suddenly) occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.‎ ‎3．总之，全世界的人都应该意识到水短缺的真正形势。(conclusion)(2010·福建·书面表达)‎ In conclusion，people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.‎ 模拟题组 Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎1．I hope the doctor can cure the pain in my shoulder，but they haven’t found an effective cure.‎ ‎2．She was so absorbed(absorb) in her job that she didn’t hear someone knocking at the door.‎ ‎3．—What happened to him?‎ ‎—He was suspected(suspect) of stealing the ring at the party last night，and the police were looking into the matter.‎ ‎4．His profound learning and sharp eyes contributed to this new discovery.‎ ‎5．The more one is exposed(expose) to the Englishspeaking environment，the better he or she will learn the language.‎ ‎6．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine，we must send for an engineer to handle(handle) the problem.‎ ‎7．I’m cautious about what I say because careless remarks are likely to hurt others’ feelings.‎ ‎8．Apart from cleaning the yard and making up the beds for the old，you should also take care of the baby.‎ ‎9．The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.‎ ‎10．Planning so far ahead makes(make) no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．After the match the judge was announced that our team won the title.去掉was ‎2．In respect of the problem，we don’t have to draw conclusion.draw后加上a ‎3．A special nurse attended on his needs constantly.on→to ‎4．The frightened thief hid himself in the dark corner of the yard，quiet and cold，stared at the open door.stared→staring ‎5．It doesn’t make a sense for parents to give children whatever they want.去掉a ‎6．Only if a teacher gives permission a student allowed to enter the room.permission后加上is ‎7．Your article is well written apart a few spelling mistakes.apart后加上from ‎8．The plan was put forward at yesterday’s meeting, in my opinion, was quite practical.去掉plan后的was ‎9．That day Tom lost control himself and hit Jack，but later Tom made an apology.control后加上of ‎10．Tom suggested that we would not hold such a meeting，but Jenny insisted that it was of great importance.去掉would或would→should ‎ Ⅲ.写作句式升级训练 I will do well in whatever I do.(素材来源于2014·新课标全国Ⅱ·书面表达)‎ No matter what I do，I will do a good job.(用让步状语从句及相关高级词汇改写句子)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Made In Japan Morgan Hill is the company to turn to for all of your service needs.Our owner and operator has over 25 years’ experience in the industry，and our friendly and knowledgeable service department is AAA approved with ASE certified technicians.We take pride in the quality of the work we perform.Made In Japan Morgan Hill is easy to find，and we provide service throughout the South Valley，CA area.We service all makes and models (both foreign and domestic) of cars，trucks，and vans.For your enjoyment and convenience，we have a clean waiting room with satellite TV and WiFi!‎ Promotions ‎•Free Tire Rotation(换位) (Normal 20) with Oil Change Through Apr.30‎ ‎•10% Off Repairs Over 100‎ ‎•30 Off Brake Service Our Services Auto Repair/Brake Repair/Oil Change/Transmission Repair/Truck Repair/Auto Diagnostic Business Hours Monday to Thursday：8 AM to 5：30 PM Friday：8 AM to 5 PM Saturday：8 AM to 4 PM Sunday：Closed Build a relationship with us and get great auto repair service each and every time！Come to Made in Japan Europe USA today to speak with a mechanic from our team.We also have flexible，troublefree scheduling available.We look forward to working with you.‎ Call Today！4087405204‎ Read What One Customer Is Saying ‎“Yes，I would recommend Made in Japan to anyone needing work in their car.I find the personal to be honest，the communication and every step of the way very clear as well as the convenience to drop off the car or have a courtesy shuttle take you home.”‎ ‎—Viva Gallegos，May 2014‎ ‎1．According to the ad，Made In Japan Morgan Hill .‎ A．is a company devoted to car selling service B．can be found throughout the USA C．only provides service to cars made in Japan D．opens every day except Sunday 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Business Hours提供的信息“Sunday：Closed”可知，D项正确。‎ ‎2．On which of the following occasions can you save most?‎ A．When you need tire rotation.‎ B．When you purchase oil change through Apr.30.‎ C．When your repairing cost is 150.‎ D．When you need brake service.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Promotions中提供的信息“Free Tire Rotation(换位)(Normal 20) with Oil Change Through Apr.30”可知，在4月30日之前换位和换油可节省20美元；根据信息“10% Off Repairs Over 100”可知，当修理费用为150美元时，可节省10美元；根据信息“ 30 Off Brake Service”可知，修理刹车服务可节省30美元，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．It can be inferred from the passage that .‎ A．you can’t surf the Internet while in the waiting room B．the company will take your home for free while your car is under repair C．the business hours of the company are absolutely fixed D．the staff only work at workdays 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由文中最后部分客户的评价“the convenience to drop off the car or have a courtesy shuttle take you home”可知他们免费送客户回家。‎ ‎4．Why is Viva Gallegos mentioned in the passage?‎ A．To praise its staff.‎ B．To attract more customers.‎ C．To inform readers of more information.‎ D．To give readers some recommendations.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。本文是一则广告，文中提到了顾客对这家车辆服务公司的赞扬，很明显是为了吸引更多的顾客。‎ B We all know that global warming is caused by greenhouse gases，largely carbon dioxide，which ‎ are given out by everything ranging from home appliances(电器) and cars to the heating and lighting systems of office buildings.But since we don’t see the gas，most of us simply shake our heads and then continue with our bad habits.Now，researchers at Arizona State University are trying to change that.‎ Directed by associate professor Kevin Gurndy，the Hestia Project’s main goal is to make something that is currently intangible(无形的) into something a little more tangible，by allowing all of us to visually see how much each and every one of us is “contributing” to global warming.‎ In order to obtain a complete picture of the city’s environment，the team begins by collecting data from all different sources.Then，using special software，they divide the emissions into three categories—commercial entities(实体)(office buildings and industrial plants)，households and vehicles.This is the stage where things start to get really interesting.That’s because instead of showing all this information using graphs that we all instantly lose interest in，they create a visual“film”that shows not only the carbon emitted by each entity，but also the exact location it is coming from and the amount，which varies depending on the time of day or season.For example，the car emissions during rush hours are the highest，as is the case for commercial buildings during the day，especially during winter months when the heating is on.‎ Kevin knows that some of the data shown may start a blame game among the residents(居民) of the city.However，he is hoping that the people will go beyond that and use it to make changes in their daily lives instead.‎ ‎5．According to the text，most people ignore the problem of greenhouse gases mainly because .‎ A．the problem is not very serious B．bad living habits are hard to change C．greenhouse gases can’t be seen D．they think they have done nothing wrong 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“But since we don’t see the gas，most of us simply shake our heads and then continue with our bad habits.”可知，人们因为看不见温室气体，所以容易将其忽略。‎ ‎6．With the efforts of Kevin’s team，people can .‎ A．see a film about the effects of greenhouse gases B．study methods of cutting greenhouse gases C．know a certain place’s emission at different times D．get information on emissions with various graphs 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“...that shows not only the carbon emitted by each entity，but also the exact location it is coming from and the amount，which varies depending on the time of day or season.”可知，通过该系统，人们可以看到特定地点不同时间的碳排放情况。‎ ‎7．By saying “some of the data shown may start a blame game among the residents(居民) of the city”，the author means that .‎ A．Kevin’s team may get criticized B．the Hestia Project may be treated as a game C．residents may feel guilty of their bad behavior D．people may accuse each other of carbon emissions 答案　D 解析　句意理解题。结合下句“However，he is hoping that the people will go beyond that and use it to make changes in their daily lives instead.”可知该句是说，各处的温室气体排放情况在人们面前一目了然，因此人们可能会相互指责。‎ ‎8．What’s the purpose of the text?‎ A．To introduce a research project.‎ B．To give advice on cutting emissions.‎ C．To show the harm of carbon emissions.‎ D．To call on people to protect the environment.‎ 答案　A 解析　写作目的题。全文主要介绍了Kevin Gurndy和他的团队做的一个研究项目Hestia Project。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 My firstgrade teacher，Mr.Gunderson，once told my class a story.A father is killed in a car accident and the son is 9 hurt.But when the boy arrives at the 10 ，the doctor on duty says，“I can’t 11 surgery on this patient.This is my son！” Mr.Gunderson asked，“Who is the doctor？” Hands went up and my classmates shouted out 12 ，but they didn’t arrive at the correct answer.Mr.Gunderson didn’t let me 13 because he knew it would be very easy for me to understand that the surgeon was the boy’s 14 .I suppose that Mr.Gunderson’s 15 would be a lot easier for today’s firstgraders.‎ Being a doctor at that time，my mother was considered very 16 because female doctors were rare then. 17 ，to my sister and me，she was and is just Mom.When we were kids，we came home from school to a 18 ，who watched us until our parents came home.Mom took Fridays off so she could spend more time with us，and we could tell that she felt 19 about not being home more ‎ often.‎ My younger sister and I 20 at a fairly young age that this was Mom’s weak spot，and we 21 it mercilessly whenever we wanted a new toy or snacks.I wish I had 22 doing that the first time Mom told me about one of her 23 who had died，but I’m sure I didn’t.I can’t imagine what it’s like to spend all day taking care of other people’s 24 children，some of whom are not going to 25 it，and then come home to find that your own kids are acting like that.We were just like 26 brats(顽童) then.I suppose she could have worked that angle to find our guilty weak spots to make us 27 ，but she never did.I think I’d better 28 her for that.‎ ‎9．A.simply B．gradually C．frequently D．seriously 答案　D 解析　根据前文父亲在车祸中死亡且用“and”连接并列句，下文又提到男孩需要做手术可知，这个孩子伤得很重。seriously严重地，符合语境。‎ ‎10．A.hospital B．room C．station D．spot 答案　A 解析　根据下文“the doctor on duty says...”可知，孩子被送到了医院。‎ ‎11．A.determine B．represent C．perform D．deliver 答案　C 解析　这位医生说：“我不能给这个病人做手术。这是我儿子！”perform做，执行，符合语境。determine决定，决心；represent表示，象征；deliver递送。‎ ‎12．A.programs B．guesses C．dreams D．suggestions 答案　B 解析　作者的同学们举手喊出自己的猜想，但他们谁也没有给出正确的答案。guess猜想，符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.conclude B．remind C．answer D．question 答案　C 解析　根据下文“because he knew it would be very easy for me to understand that...”可知，老师知道这个问题对于作者来说很容易理解，所以没有让作者回答(answer)。conclude断定；remind提醒；question询问。‎ ‎14．A.grandpa B．mother C．stepfather D．uncle 答案　B 解析　根据第二段的第一句可知，作者的母亲是一名医生，所以作者会很容易知道那个外科医生是男孩的母亲。‎ ‎15．A.trick B．explanation C．theory D．puzzle 答案　D 解析　作者认为Gunderson先生出的这道难题对于今天的一年级的孩子来说会很简单。trick诡计，欺诈；explanation解释；theory理论；puzzle难题，困惑。‎ ‎16．A.special B．silly C．wealthy D．average 答案　A 解析　根据下文“because female doctors were rare then”可知，当时女医生很少，所以作者的母亲被认为是很特别的(special)。silly傻的；wealthy富有的；average平均的。‎ ‎17．A.Therefore B．However C．Also D．Last 答案　B 解析　虽然女医生当时很少见，但对于作者和妹妹而言，她只是母亲。前后是转折关系，因此选择B。‎ ‎18．A.member B．father C．passerby D．babysitter 答案　D 解析　根据下文“who watched us until our parents came home”可知，作者和妹妹由临时保姆(babysitter)照顾。‎ ‎19．A.angry B．curious C．careful D．sorry 答案　D 解析　根据下文“about not being home more often”可知，作者和妹妹知道母亲因不能常在家照顾她们而感到愧疚。‎ ‎20．A.made B．figured C．designed D．worked 答案　B 解析　根据第二段最后一句中的“we could tell that she felt about not being home more often”可知，作者和妹妹很小就认为这是母亲的弱点。figure认为，以为，符合语境。‎ ‎21．A.took advantage of B．looked forward to C．kept away from D．looked down upon 答案　A 解析　作者和妹妹利用母亲的弱点使自己的要求得到满足，比如新玩具或零食。take advantage of利用；look forward to期待；keep away from远离；look down upon轻视，瞧不起。‎ ‎22．A.continued B．started C．stopped D．considered 答案　C 解析　当作者的母亲第一次向作者讲述一个去世的病人(patients)的故事时，作者希望自己停止(stopped)那样做。‎ ‎23．A.colleagues B．friends C．patients D．relatives 答案　C 解析　参见上题解析。‎ ‎24．A.educated B．sick C．exciting D．dangerous 答案　B 解析　作者无法想象整天照顾别人家生病的孩子，有的还不能活下来，回到家又看到自己的孩子也是这个样子是什么感受。此处指被医生照顾的生病的孩子。‎ ‎25．A.mention B．favor C．require D．make 答案　D 解析　make it表示“渡过难关(指重病或重伤)”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎26．A.spoiled B．supported C．honored D．defeated 答案　A 解析　作者意识到当时自己和妹妹就像是被宠坏了的顽童。spoiled表示“宠坏的”，符合语境。‎ ‎27．A.imagine B．cry C．wait D．obey 答案　D 解析　作者觉着妈妈本可找到我们的软肋使我们顺从，可她却没这么做。obey遵从，服从，顺从，符合语境。‎ ‎28．A.judge B．support C．thank D．hate 答案　C 解析　此处指作者感谢(thank)母亲没有那样做。‎ Ⅲ.写作素材(关于医学)‎ ‎1．布莱克因为接触了致命的病毒而患了重病。‎ ‎2．专家通过各种尝试给他治疗。‎ ‎3．各种尝试之后他们宣布病毒被打败了。‎ ‎4．但是在完全康复之前他还需要护理一段时间。‎ ‎5．人们说这种病毒该受责备。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用宾语从句，need doing等表达。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ Black was severely ill because of being exposed to a deadly virus.After all the attempts to cure him，the experts announced that the virus was defeated but he needed attending before he was fully recovered.People said that the virus was to blame.‎