【英语】2018届二轮复习完形填空设题特点及解题指导学案（13页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习完形填空设题特点及解题指导学案（13页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 完形填空设题特点及解题指导 ‎[考情精分析]‎ ‎1．题目难度由低到高 文章的体裁以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，首句不设空，试题的设置比较注重“低头翘尾”，也就是说文章第一空的难度往往较低，这有助于考生融入语境，而最后一空升华全文的主题，难度往往较大。‎ ‎2．考查能力体现综合 文章注重考查考生对语篇的理解，而单纯对词语搭配、语法知识和文化背景知识的考查相对较少。考生在解题时必须结合语境进行推断和分析，一定要注意“上下联系”和“前思后想”。‎ ‎3．考查内容重点明晰 试题以考查实词为主，包括动词、名词、形容词、副词和代词等，而对介词和连词这些虚词的考查较少。‎ ‎4．题目类型分为三种 ‎(1)前置性设空题：设空的答案由已读过的上文决定。‎ ‎(2)后置性设空题：设空的答案由未读过的下文决定。‎ ‎(3)语篇性设空题：设空的答案由空格上下文或整个语篇决定。‎ 不言而喻，前置性设空题难度低，后置性设空题难度稍高，语篇性设空题难度最高。近年来，高考英语中前置性设空题和后置性设空题约占80%，语篇性设空题约占20%。这很好地体现了“‎ 注重基础，难易比例适当，有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思想。‎ 第一讲 前置性设空题——空格前面找题源 ‎ 利用语义复现解题 在一部分完形填空题目中，考生不需要做出推理判断，可以利用上下文的复现信息，轻松确定正确答案。这些词汇复现包括：‎ ‎(1)原词复现：在上下文中同一词汇反复出现。‎ ‎(2)同根词复现：词形变化的词汇复现。‎ ‎(3)同义/近义词复现：意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的语言复现。‎ ‎(4)反义词复现：意思相反的表达方式复现。‎ But Lainey took one look at it, 43_(rolled) her eyes, and said, “Borrrring！”‎ Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it. 44_(Even) the youngest children in the class were 45_(attracted) by the story. They 46_(listened) with great interest, and then 47_(enthusiastically) joined in grand conversations about Harry’s adventures.‎ ‎“How can you say it’s __48__？ Have you read it？” asked Aunt Dede.‎ ‎48．A.amazing　　　　　　 　B．boring C．ridiculous D．humorous ‎[分析]　本题属原词复现。根据43空后女孩说的“Borrrring”，可知此处意思是“你怎么能说它是令人厌烦的呢”？故选B。‎ It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.‎ On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch 36_(examined) a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37_(helpless) if it struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38_(However),_the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.‎ How could the medicine get to Nome? The town’s 39_(harbor) was already full of ice, so it couldn’t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn’t travel on the __40__ roads.‎ ‎40．A.narrow B．snowy C．busy D．dirty ‎[分析]　本题属同根词复现。根据第一段可知，大雪覆盖了道路，汽车和马都不能通行，空处与首段最后一个单词snow是同根词复现。故选B。‎ ‎[即时练习]‎ ‎1．Dad had a green comb. He bought it when he married Mum.Every night, he would hand me his __26__ and say, “Good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK？”‎ ‎26．A.bag B．wallet C．comb D．brush 解析：选C　本题属原词复现。26空是上文“Dad had a green comb.”中comb的原词复现。‎ ‎2.Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 36_(sat) side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud __37__ filled the room and made them feel very happy.‎ The next morning, 38_(however),_their happiness disappeared. Someone had left a 39_(note) under their door during the night. One of their neighbors had written to complain (抱怨) about the sound of the piano.Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent (管理员) if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all40_(nice) people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their __41__ and apologize for their playing.‎ ‎37．A.voice B．ring C．music D．cry 解析：选C　本题属原词复现。根据前文“They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.”可知，是“音乐”充满了房间。‎ ‎41．A.neighbors B．friends C．relatives D．audiences 解析：选A　‎ 本题属原词复现。根据上文可知，是某个邻居写纸条抱怨，当然应该是向“邻居们”写信道歉。‎ 二利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 完形填空中经常会考查一些固定结构、固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。‎ ‎[示例]　(2016·天津高考)Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head — to be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to 18_(join) our local swim team. She practiced hard and finally __19__ it.‎ ‎19．A.increased B．found C．created D．made ‎[分析]　本题属固定搭配。根据上文“She practiced hard”可知，她最后做到了。make it“做到，成功”，是固定搭配，故选D。‎ ‎[即时练习]‎ ‎1．The stories of his unconventional 36_(ideas) and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37_(amazing) to me and had such a big __38__ on how I saw life from then on.‎ ‎38．A.strike B．push C．challenge D．impact 解析：选D　本题属固定搭配。根据上文中的“he wrote about were so amazing”可推知，他的书对我如何看待人生产生了很大的影响。have an impact on“对……有影响”。‎ ‎2．“I heard you playing the other night，” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed.I 49_(worried) that you might play like this every night. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing.”‎ Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we __50__ you an apology，” she said. “I didn’t 51_(realize) how late it was when we were playing. Maybe we should play some quieter music at night.”‎ ‎50．A.give B．send C．offer D．owe 解析：选D　本题属固定搭配。根据上文Dario深夜弹钢琴把邻居吵醒可知，Dario的母亲认为他们应该向邻居道歉。owe sb. an apology为固定搭配，意为“应向某人道歉”。‎ 三 利用背景常识解题 解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息不够，还需要考生把符合常识的一些知识信息结合起来考虑，最后选出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识面越广，对文章的理解就越容易。只有总体上理解了整篇文章在讲什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来才会得心应手。完形填空中的背景常识是个较广泛的范畴，从文化、科学常识到历史、地理知识，从风俗民情到民族习惯等。在解答此类题目时，要特别注意中西文化方面所存在的差异。只有具备一定的背景常识，才能比较准确地选出正确答案。‎ ‎[示例]　Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from ‎ ‎44_(hospital). He looked very __45__， but he didn’t cry.‎ ‎45．A.pale B．calm C．relaxed D．ashamed ‎[分析]　背景常识题。由上文可知，Miller被车撞了，失去了右臂，所以根据常识，出院后脸色应该有点苍白(pale)。故选A。‎ ‎[即时练习]‎ Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man __56__ and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57.(police) if he was needed or 58.(free) to go. They let him and the other man go.‎ ‎56．A.stepped forward B．backed off C．moved on D．set out ‎ 解析：选B　背景常识题。根据生活常识，当急救人员到来的时候，其他临时施救的非专业人员当然要“后退”(back off)。‎ 第一讲 后置性设空题——向后读读定答案 利用语义复现解题 While we were 36_(eating),_Kurt asked me, “John, what is your __37__ for personal growth？”‎ Never at a loss for words, I tried to find things in my life that might 38_(qualify) for growth. I told him about the many activities in which I was 39_(involved). And I went into a 40_(speech) about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must have talked for ten minutes. Kurt 41_(listened) patiently, but then he 42_(finally) smiled ‎ and said, “You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you？”‎ ‎37．A.suggestion　　　　 　B．demand C．plan D．request ‎[分析]　本题属原词复现。根据42空后的“You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you？”可知，Kurt在问我个人成长计划是什么。故选C。‎ I was __27__ to do it.At age five, this dull task brought me such 28_(joy)．I would excitedly turn the tap 29_(on) and brush the comb carefully.Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would happily return the comb to Dad.‎ ‎27．A.annoyed B．relieved C．ashamed D．pleased ‎[分析]　本题属近义词复现。下文中的excitedly和happily是本题的近义复现，故选D。‎ ‎[即时练习]‎ ‎1．They would have the medicine sent by __44__ from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers — known as “mushers” — would 45_(carry) it to Nome in a relay (接力)．‎ The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.‎ ‎44．A.air B．rail C．sea D．road 解析：选B　本题属同义词复现。根据下一段“from the train at Nenana”可知，药物被用火车运到Nenana。‎ ‎2．．..That’s how powerful the __45__ is.‎ Powerful, yes, but not always 46_(accurate). For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.‎ ‎45．A.telephone B．voice C．connection D．impression 解析：选A　本题属原词复现。根据下文的“only by phone”可知，多年来我只通过电话来处理旅行社的事情。‎ ‎3．“Maybe we could go and 42_(visit) everyone in person，” his mother said.‎ ‎“What if we invited them to come here for a __43__ instead？” Dario asked.‎ They both loved the44_(idea)．Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts 45_(for) their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers (彩带) and party lights.‎ Finally, the day of the party 46_(arrived). Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to47_(share). One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, 48_(presented) Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.‎ ‎43．A.party B．concert C．show D．play 解析：选A　本题属原词复现。由后文多次出现的“party”可知，母子俩为解决此事邀请邻居们办了一场“派对”。party“聚会，派对”。‎ ‎4．I carefully extended a long __18__， with a keen eye on those teeth, and 19_(before_long),_there were times I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit, both munching (津津有味地咀嚼) on carrots.‎ ‎18．A.squirrel B．rabbit C．peanut D．carrot 解析：选D　本题属原词复现。根据后面的“both munching (津津有味地咀嚼) on carrots”可知，此处为carrot。‎ 利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 ‎[示例]That season, I __46__ all of Miller’s records while he 47(watched) the home games from the bench. We went 101 and I was named most valuable player, 48_(but) I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 49_(accident)．‎ ‎46．A.held B．broke C．set D．tried ‎[分析]　本题属固定搭配。根据空后的“records”可知，作者破了Miller的记录。break the record“破纪录”，是固定短语，故选B。‎ ‎[即时练习]‎ ‎1．The man who had his bright lights on 48_(came_over) and told Larry he had __49__ an emergency call. They 50(then) heard a ‎ woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51_(Approaching) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52_(still) until the emergency personnel arrived, 53_(but) she thought the car was going to 54_(explode)．‎ ‎49．A.returned B．received C．made D．confirmed 解析：选C　本题属固定搭配。根据下文“the emergency personnel arrived”可知，那位司机告诉Larry他已经打了紧急求助电话。make a call“打电话”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎2．I would excitedly turn the tap __29__ and brush the comb carefully.‎ ‎29．A.out B．over C．in D．on 解析：选D　本题属固定搭配。由后文语境“我仔细地刷梳子”可知，“我”要打开水龙头，此处应用turn on“打开”。‎ 第一讲 语篇性设空题——通览全篇再决断 利用逻辑关系语解题 逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连接成分，主要有：‎ ‎(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词等)，如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等。‎ ‎(2)短语，如in other words, in addition, as a result, on the ‎ contrary, instead of等。‎ ‎(3)分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, generally speaking等。‎ 在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项。‎ Lainey finished third grade. She had good grades and could read __41__ grade level, but she did not like to read.‎ ‎41．A.within　　　　　 　B．on C．to D．above ‎[分析]　根据空前and前面的“She had good grades”以及空后“but she did not like to read”可判断，Lainey的阅读能力已经超过三年级水平了，故选D。‎ ‎[即时练习]‎ ‎1．Several important things happened that day. First, we decided to 53_(buy) the resources. But more importantly, we made a commitment to __54__ together as a couple. From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together.‎ ‎54．A.grow B．survive C．move D．gather 解析：选A　由上文的“But more importantly”和下文的“From that ...sacrificed together.”可知，空处谈论的是个人成长的话题，因此这里应是承诺共同成长。‎ ‎2．One of the easiest things in the world is to become a faultfinder. However, life can be __36__ when you are not busy finding fault with it.‎ ‎36．A.lonely B．great C．quiet D．uneasy 解析：选B　根据上文“世界上最容易的事之一就是成为挑剔者”和“However”可知，如果人们不忙着充当生活中的挑剔者，那么生活就会变得很美好。‎ 利用上下文暗示解题 完形填空选项的设置多考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。因此，在做题时考生要有全局观念，要有连贯性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。开头的题目需要从下文查找信息；中间的题目需要从上下文查找信息；最后的题目需要从上文查找信息。常见的信息有单个的词、短语、句子，但有时是语境暗示。‎ Everything they know about you 42_(came) through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. __43__ they feel they can know you 44_(just) from the sound of your voice.‎ ‎43．A.Thus B．Yet C．Then D．Indeed ‎[分析]　根据上下文的语意暗示可知，上下文之间为转折关系，故用yet“然而”。故选B。‎ Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at faultfinding，__49__ when we’re honest, we can be sharply 50_(critical) of the world. I’m not suggesting you 51_(ignore) problems, or that you pretend things are 52_(better) than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are — 53_(at_least) most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big 54_(deal)．‎ ‎49．A.so B．or C．but D．for ‎[分析]　上文“也许我们多数人在挑剔上并不极端”；下文“当我们诚实时，我们会严厉地批评这个世界”。分析上下文可知二者存在转折关系。故选C。‎ ‎[即时练习]‎ ‎1．“...As I couldn’t reach anyone at the phone number on the cat’s tag (标牌), I had to pay the bill.”‎ In the following days, the owner still couldn’t be__21__. Alice paid the vet to continue treatment. I grew22_(anxious):_What if the family had simply left the cat behind?‎ ‎21．A.trusted B．contacted C．persuaded D．satisfied 解析：选B　根据前面的“As I couldn’t reach anyone at the phone number on the cat’s tag (标牌)”‎ 可知，以后的几天仍然联系不上它的主人。contact“联系，联络”，符合语境。‎ ‎2．In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The __36__ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37_(rubbish) because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.‎ ‎36．A.key B．reason C．project D．problem 解析：选D　根据上文“在现代社会，当东西用坏后，我们就会把它扔掉并买一个新的”和下文“人们扔掉了比以往更多的垃圾”，可知这是一个问题。‎