【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit2TheOlympicGames单元学案设计（82页word版）

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit2TheOlympicGames单元学案设计（82页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit2The Olympic Games单元学案设计 ‎ ‎ 一、必背话题词汇 ‎(一)相关人员 ‎1．musician n．　　　　　　 音乐家 ‎2．pianist n. 钢琴家 ‎3．violinist n. 小提琴家；小提琴手 ‎4．composer n. 作曲家 ‎5．conductor n. 乐队指挥 ‎6．performer n. 演员；演奏者；执行者 ‎7．band n. 乐队 ‎8．choir n. 合唱团；教堂的唱诗班 ‎9．chorus n. 合唱队；歌咏队 ‎10．fan n. 粉丝 ‎(二)音乐类型 ‎1．symphony n. 交响乐 ‎2．hiphop n. 嘻哈音乐 ‎3．pop music 流行音乐 ‎4．rock music 摇滚音乐 ‎5．classical music 古典音乐 ‎6．light music 轻音乐 ‎7．folk music 民间音乐 ‎8．country music 乡村音乐 ‎(三)乐器 ‎1．instrument n. 乐器 ‎2．drum n. 鼓 ‎3．guitar n. 吉他 ‎4．piano n. 钢琴 ‎5．violin n. 小提琴 ‎6．trumpet n. 小号 ‎7．organ n. 风琴 ‎(四)其他 ‎1．album n. 唱片；专辑 ‎2．concert n. 音乐会；演奏会 ‎3．perform vt. 表演 ‎4．performance n. 表演；演奏 ‎5．broadcast vt. 广播；播放 ‎ n. 广播 ‎6．conduct vt. 指挥；引导；带领 ‎7．clap vt.& vi. 鼓掌 ‎8．live adj. 现场直播的 ‎ adv. 在现场直播 ‎9．form a band 组建乐队 ‎10．compose a song 创作歌曲 ‎11．start touring 开始巡回演出 ‎12．make/produce records 制作唱片 ‎1．rhythm n．　　　　　 节奏 ‎2．stave n. 五线谱 ‎3．scale n. 音阶 ‎4．orchestra n. 管弦乐队 ‎5．harmony n. 和谐；融洽 ‎6．echo n. 回音；回声 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．Music has always fascinated us in the way that it communicates.Without words, without pictures.‎ 音乐总是凭借其沟通心灵的力量，让我们沉醉于此，流连忘返。无需文字，无需图像。‎ ‎2．Music is the best medicine to heal me, and no one can accompany me to pass through the sea of sorrow.‎ 音乐是我疗伤最好的药，没有谁能陪我走过悲伤的海洋。‎ ‎3．So important is music that life without music is like winter without sunshine.‎ 音乐如此重要，以至于生活中没有了音乐就好像冬天里没有了阳光。‎ ‎4．It's said that there will be a concert conducted by a worldfamous conductor on Sunday evening.‎ 据说周日晚上将有一场音乐会，它由一位世界著名的指挥家指挥。‎ ‎5．In addition to improving creativity, learning music also cultivates many skills that will continue to be useful to your children throughout their lives.‎ 除了提高创造力外，学音乐还可以培养许多能力，这些将使孩子终生受益。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The boy is able to play several instruments (乐器), which makes his parents proud. ‎ ‎2．She could play the violin (小提琴) well when she was five.‎ ‎3．Chris likes music and has a large collection of albums (唱片) and cassettes.‎ ‎4．Vivaldi composed (创作) a large number of very fine concertos.‎ ‎5．The audience clapped (鼓掌) the famous pianist heartily in yesterday's concert.‎ ‎6．The President's speech was broadcast (播放) on a national television network.‎ ‎7．He has conducted (指挥) many a world famous orchestra. ‎ ‎8．I like live (现场直播的) music: for me, records are definitely secondbest.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 Phoenix Legend are reported to 1.start_touring in China and the 2.fans are expecting their wonderful 3.performances. They are to play and sing songs including folk music and 4.pop_music. Each 5.concert will be conducted by a famous 6.conductor and accompanied by a wellknown 7.pianist. After the touring, they will make records and publish an 8.album.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．除了古典音乐外，我还喜欢现代流行音乐。‎ In_addition_to_classical_music,_I also like modern pop music.‎ ‎2．据说本周六晚一支著名的来自美国的乡村音乐乐队将来我市演出。‎ It's_said_that a famous country music band from America will come to our city to perform this Saturday evening.‎ ‎3．这场直播的音乐会非常成功，观众久久不愿离去。‎ The_live_concert_was_so_successful_that the audience was unwilling to leave for a long time.‎ ‎■子话题(二)　影视 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎(一)相关人员 ‎1．cast n．　　　　　　　　　 全体演员 ‎2．actor n. 男演员 ‎3．actress n. 女演员 ‎4．director n. 导演 ‎5．cameraman/photographer n. 摄影师 ‎6．producer n. 制片人 ‎7．audience n. 观众；听众 ‎8．role n. 角色 ‎9．leading role 主角 ‎10．supporting role 配角 ‎(二)影视类型 ‎1．drama n. 戏剧 ‎2．cartoon n. 动画片 ‎3．comedy n. 喜剧；喜剧片 ‎4．tragedy n. 悲剧 ‎5．opera n. 歌剧 ‎6．documentary n. 纪录片 ‎7．TV series 电视连续剧 ‎8．soap opera 肥皂剧 ‎9．silent film 无声电影 ‎10．romantic film 爱情片 ‎11．action film 动作片 ‎12．science fiction film 科幻片 ‎13．detective film 侦探片 ‎14．horror film 恐怖片 ‎15．talk show 脱口秀；谈话节目 ‎16．talent show 选秀节目 ‎17．quiz show 智力竞赛节目 ‎18．the Spring Festival Gala 春节联欢晚会 ‎(三)影视器材及设施 ‎1．camera n. 摄像机 ‎2．microphone n. 麦克风 ‎3．studio n. 工作室；演播室；摄影棚 ‎4．stage n. 舞台 ‎5．cinema n. 电影院 ‎6．cushion n. 垫子 ‎7．curtain n. 幕布 ‎(四)其他 ‎1．direct vt. 导演(电影)‎ ‎2．act vt.& vi. (戏)表演；扮演(角色)‎ ‎3．release vt. 发行；发布 ‎4．produce vt. 制作；生产；制造 ‎5．production n. 制作 ‎6．plot n. 故事情节 ‎7．channel n. 频道 ‎8．ticket n. 票；入场券 ‎9．amused adj. 被逗乐的 ‎10．boring adj. 乏味的；无聊的 ‎11．entertaining adj. 娱乐的 ‎12．dull adj. 沉闷的；枯燥无味的 ‎13．horrible adj. 令人恐惧的；恐怖的 ‎14．humorous adj. 幽默的；滑稽的 ‎15．admit vt. 承认；准许(入场，入学，入会)‎ ‎16．admission n. 准入；接纳 ‎17．impress sb. with sth.＝impress sth. on sb.‎ ‎ 某物给某人留下印象 ‎18．put on 上演 ‎1．detective movie　　　　　 侦探推理片 ‎2．change n. 找零 ‎3．booking office/box office 售票处 ‎4．out of stock 脱销 ‎5．dine out 外出进餐(尤指在餐馆)‎ 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．It hasn't been decided who will be the leading role in the movie.‎ 谁将作为这部电影的主角还没定下来。‎ ‎2．This movie is a very successful movie, which tells the story of the sinking of a ship, and in the background shows a passionate love story.‎ 这是一部非常成功的电影，它讲述了一艘轮船沉没的故事，在这个背景下展示了一个充满激情的爱情故事。‎ ‎3．There is no doubt that cartoons play an important role in the development of children.‎ 毫无疑问，动画片在儿童成长中起着重要的作用。‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 ‎(Ⅰ)drama, comedy, release, impress, audience, role, ticket, dull, admission, entertaining Last week I saw an excellent film at the new cinema on the High Street. There was quite a long queue at the box office, but I got my 1.ticket,_which also included free 2.admission to the Museum of Modern Film in London.‎ The film was a 3.drama called House of the Horse, and has been 4.released at cinemas across the country. Brad Gibson played ‎ the 5.role of a man who lost his job and decided to breed racehorses. He gave an excellent performance and 6.impressed the 7.audience deeply. Although I don't usually like this kind of film — I prefer horror movies and 8.comedies — I found it very 9.entertaining. Unfortunately the critics weren't so positive; they thought it was very 10.dull.‎ ‎(Ⅱ) ‎1．They are putting_on Romeo and Juliet next week.‎ ‎2．His uncle is very humorous and is the host for a TV talk_show.‎ ‎3．She has not been lighting up cinemas in the last five years, taking a series of supporting_roles instead.‎ ‎4．As this is the first time she has played_a_leading_role,_it is not strange that she is so excited.‎ ‎5．A good theme song adds much colour to a TV_series.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．京剧是中国的国粹，为许多人所喜爱。‎ Beijing Opera is the quintessence of Chinese culture, which_is_loved_by_many_people.‎ ‎2．已经定下谁来执导这部动作片了吗？‎ Has_it_been_decided who will be the director of the action film? ‎ ‎3．毫无疑问，他精彩的表演给观众留下了深刻印象。‎ ‎①There is no doubt that his wonderful performances impressed the audience deeply.‎ ‎②No_doubt he deeply impressed_the_audience_with/by his wonderful performances.‎ ‎■子话题(三)　体育 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎(一)相关人员 ‎1．athlete n．　　　　　　　　 运动员 ‎2．competitor n. 竞争者；选手 ‎3．professional n. 职业运动员 adj. 职业的；专业的 ‎4．amateur n. 业余爱好者 ‎5．referee n. 裁判；仲裁；调解员 ‎6．judge n. 裁判；审判员；法官 vt. 判断；断定 ‎7．coach n. 教练 ‎8．captain n. 队长 ‎9．sponsor n. 赞助者；赞助商 ‎10．manager n. 经纪人；主教练 ‎11．volunteer n. 志愿者 ‎12．cheerleader n. 拉拉队队长 ‎13．champion 冠军 ‎14．worldrecord holder 世界纪录保持者 ‎15．seeded player 种子选手 ‎(二)运动项目 ‎1．beam n. 平衡木 ‎2．baseball n. 棒球 ‎3．badminton n. 羽毛球 ‎4．bowling n. 保龄球 ‎5．basketball n. 篮球 ‎6．tennis n. 网球 ‎7．golf n. 高尔夫球 ‎8．gymnastics n. 体操 ‎9．marathon n. 马拉松 ‎10．shooting n. 射击 ‎11．athletics n. 田径 ‎12．diving n. 跳水 ‎13．running n. 跑步 ‎14．swimming n. 游泳 ‎15．weightlifting n. 举重 ‎16．wrestling n. 摔跤 ‎17．boxing n. 拳击(运动)‎ ‎18．relay race 接力赛 ‎19．high jump 跳高 ‎20．long/broad jump 跳远 ‎21．hurdle race 跨栏比赛 ‎22．walking race 竞走 ‎23．figure skating 花样滑冰 ‎24．field events 田赛 ‎25．track events 径赛 ‎(三)体育器材及设施 ‎1．arrow n. 箭；箭头 ‎2．bat n. (棒球、板球的)球棒；球拍 ‎3．helmet n. 头盔 ‎4．court n. 球场 ‎5．gym＝gymnasium n. 体育馆；健身房 ‎6．field n. 场地 ‎7．stadium n. (露天大型)体育场 ‎8．track n. 跑道；轨道；田径 ‎9．swimming pool 游泳池 ‎10．diving platform 跳台 ‎(四)比赛 ‎1．event n. 赛事；事件；大事 ‎2．tournament n. 锦标赛；联赛 ‎3．match n. 比赛；竞赛 ‎4．medal n. 奖章；勋章；纪念章 ‎5．victory n. 胜利 ‎6．compete vi. 竞争；比赛 ‎7．deserve vt. 应得；应受 ‎8．defeat/beat vt. 击败；战胜 ‎9．win vt.& vi. 获胜；赢 ‎10．cheer vt.& vi. 欢呼；(为)喝彩；(为)加油 ‎11．glory n. 光荣；荣誉；赞美 ‎12．honour/honor n. 荣誉；光荣 vt. 尊敬；给予荣誉 ‎13．final n. 决赛 adj. 最后的；终极的 ‎14．Olympic(s) adj.& n. 奥林匹克(的)‎ ‎15．a close game 一场势均力敌的比赛 ‎16．fall behind 落后 ‎17．break the record 打破纪录 ‎18．set a new world record 刷新世界纪录 ‎19．stand for 代表 ‎20．build up one's body 增强某人的体质 ‎1．entry n．　　　　　　　　 进入；入口处；参赛 ‎2．obstacle n. 障碍(物)；妨碍 ‎3．exceed vt. 超过；越出 ‎4．barrier n. 障碍；栅栏 ‎5．excursion n. 远足 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．It's obvious that daily exercise is very beneficial to your health.‎ 很显然每天锻炼非常有益于你的健康。 ‎ ‎2．No matter how cold it gets, we must all stick to our exercise routine.‎ 不管天气多么寒冷，我们都要坚持锻炼。‎ ‎3．The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not the success but the struggle; not to conquer but to fight well.‎ 奥运会最重要的不是胜利，而是奋斗；不是征服，而是奋力拼搏。‎ ‎4．Not only does exercise improve our health but also it makes us cheerful.‎ 锻炼不仅改善我们的健康状况，而且可以使我们精神愉悦。‎ ‎5．As far as I'm concerned, running is not only a good way to build up our strength but also helps us relax and relieve the pressure of learning.‎ 就我个人而言，跑步不仅是强身健体的好方法，而且有助于我们放松心情，缓解学习压力。‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 ‎(Ⅰ)‎ field， gym， competitor， medal， volunteer， shooting， coach， deserve， amateur， professional ‎1．He once practiced hunting following his grandfather, so in all sports, he is especially good at shooting.‎ ‎2．Don't let yourself be beaten by an amateur. You will be laughed at by others. ‎ ‎3．—Coach,_can I continue with the training? ‎ ‎—Sorry, you can't as you haven't recovered from the knee injury. ‎ ‎4．He is planning to retire because he is over the hill (过了巅峰状态) as a professional athlete. ‎ ‎5．The crowd cheered as the football teams entered the field.‎ ‎6．We often go to play badminton in the nearest gym every Sunday.‎ ‎7．He said it was from volunteer services that he learned the team spirit.‎ ‎8．The first prize was awarded to the best competitor of the annual sports meeting.‎ ‎9．She won the gold medal in the women's marathon at Olympic Games and gained the honour for her motherland.‎ ‎10．With her strong will and great efforts, the athlete went through to the final and deserved to succeed.‎ ‎(Ⅱ) Last Sunday I was lucky enough to have watched an exciting 1.relay_race in the School 2.Stadium. The race took place among six classes of Senior Grade Two. The four 3.athletes from our class were arranged in the second 4.track. We all 5.cheered for them from the stands (看台). At the beginning, the first two students of our class 6.fell_behind others, but the last two tried their best to catch up. At last, the 7.judge announced that our class 8.won the race.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．很显然，这是一场势均力敌的比赛，因此胜负难料。‎ It's_obvious_that this is a close game, so it's hard to expect who will win.‎ ‎2．他不仅获得了冠军，而且打破了世界纪录。‎ Not only did_he_win_the_champion but also he broke_the_world_record. ‎ ‎3．就我个人而言，体育锻炼不仅能强身健体，而且还能提高我们的学习效率。‎ As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_physical exercise can not only build_up_our_body,_but also raise our learning efficiency.‎ Topic 1　The Olympic Games (Book 2·Unit 2)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th, 2007 to find out about the presentday Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.‎ P：My name is Pausanias. I lived in and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. I've come to your time to find out about the presentday Olympic Games May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?‎ L：Good heavens! Have you really come from so long ago? But of course you can ask any questions you like. What would you like to know?‎ P：How often do you hold your Games?‎ L：Every four years. There are two main sets of Games — the Winter ‎ and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis. The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. They may come from anywhere in the world.‎ P：Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in winter? And what about the horses?‎ L：Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events. Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. It's in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.‎ P：I see. Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world. Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning. No other countries could join in, L：Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough. There are over 250 sports and each one has its own standard. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and ...‎ P：Please wait a minute! All those events, all those countries and Where are all the athletes housed?‎ L：For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.‎ P：That sounds very expensive. Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games?‎ L：As a matter of fact, every country wants the opportunity. There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. The 2008 Olympics will be held in ‎ Beijing, China. Did you know that?‎ P：Oh yes! You must be very proud.‎ L：Certainly. And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London. They have already started planning for it. A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London. New medals will be designed of course and ...‎ P：Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath has been replaced! Oh dear! Do you compete for prize money too?‎ L：No, we don't. It's still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further. That's the motto of the Olympics, you know — “Swifter, Higher and Stronger.”‎ P：Well, that's good news. How interesting! Thank you so much for your time.‎ ‎❶what引导名词性从句 ‎❷because引导原因状语从句，该从句中又含有一个that引导的宾语从句 ‎❸why引导的表语从句 ‎❹否定副词nor位于句首引导的倒装 ‎❺独立主格结构 ‎❻it为形式主语，真正主语为to be chosen ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．similarity n. 　　　　　　　　 相像性；相似点 ‎2．prince n. 王子 ‎3．princess n. 公主 ‎4．goddess n. 女神 ‎5．gymnastics n．(pl.) 体操；体能训练 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．ancient adj. 古代的；古老的 ‎2．basis n. 基础；根据 ‎3．replace vt. 取代；替换；代替 ‎4．swift adj. 快的；迅速的 ‎5．charge vt.& vi. 收费；控诉 ‎ n. 费用；主管 ‎6．physical adj. 物理的；身体的 ‎7．bargain vi. 讨价还价；讲条件 n. 便宜货 ‎8．fine vt. 罚款 ‎9．volunteer n. 志愿者；志愿兵 adj. 志愿的；义务的 vt.& vi. 自愿 ‎10．deserve vi.& vt. 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的→magic n．魔法；巫术 ‎2．admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳→admission n．承认；入场费；录用 ‎3．responsibility n．责任；职责→responsible adj.负责任的；应承担责任的 ‎4．regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的→regularly adv.定期地；经常地 ‎5．advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告→advertiser n．广告商→advertisement n．广告 ‎6．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition_n．竞争；比赛→competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的→competitor n．竞争者 ‎7．hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的→hopeful adj.(反义词)有希望的；有前途的 ‎8．foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的→fool vt.愚弄n.傻瓜 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．All the excited competitors who are relatively competitive are ‎ competing for the honor of winning the gold medals in the competition.(compete)‎ ‎2．Advertisers are supposed to be honest with the advertisements. If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way, you will be fined up to 50,000 yuan.(advertise)‎ ‎3．We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.(responsible)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．take_part_in　　　　　　　　 参加；参与 ‎2．stand_for 代表；象征；表示 ‎3．as_well 也；又；还 ‎4．in_charge 主管；看管 ‎5．one_after_another 陆续地；一个接一个地 ‎6．play_an_important_role_in 在……中起重要作用 ‎7．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上 ‎ ‎8．make_a_bargain_with 与……达成协议 ‎9._change_one's_mind 改变主意 ‎10．apart_from 除了……以外 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．She is very firm about it; I can't persuade her into changing_her_mind. ‎ ‎2．The children learn to read and write; they play games as_well.‎ ‎3．They did play_an_important_role_in helping the earthquake victims rebuild their homes.‎ ‎4．It was time for a break and students came out of the classroom one_after_another.‎ ‎5．In the past, I _took_part_in_many social activities in which I performed well and gained rich experience.‎ ‎6．As is known to us, the letters PLA stand_for the People's Liberation ‎ Army.‎ ‎7．The doctor in_charge of the operation was taken to the police station to give an explanation of the medical accident.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!‎ 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！‎ ‎[解读]　“nor/neither＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语”构成倒装句型，表示“……也不这样”。‎ ‎[仿写]　我从没学过游泳，我的孩子们也没有。‎ I have never learned to swim and nor_have_my_children.‎ ‎2．Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and ...‎ 妇女不仅允许(参加比赛)，而且她们还在体操、田径和团体等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……‎ ‎[解读]　not only ...but (also) ...“不仅……而且……”，用来连接并列成分。not only位于句首时，其所在的分句用部分倒装。‎ ‎[仿写]　她不仅是一个成功的运动员，而且还积极参加社会公益活动。 ‎ She is not only a successful athlete, but_(also)_takes_an_active_part_in social welfare activities.‎ ‎3．There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.‎ 国与国之间争取奥运会主办权的竞争就像争夺奥运奖牌一样激烈。‎ ‎[解读]　as ...as ...“和……一样……”，为同级比较。‎ ‎[仿写]　既然失败者和获胜者一样努力，那么双方就都值得我们尊敬。‎ Since the loser worked_as_hard_as the winner, both of them deserved our respect.‎ ‎4．This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.‎ 这很重要，因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就越高。‎ ‎[解读]　“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”意为“越……‎ ‎，就越……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　一般说来，一个运动员在赛前训练得越刻苦，他/她获胜的可能性就越大。‎ Generally speaking, the harder an athlete trains before a match, the_more_possible_he/she_will_win. ‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．compete vi.比赛；竞争 ‎[高考佳句]　Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ Bradford说对广场剧院来说城市里的大型现代剧院使得它无法与之竞争。‎ ‎(1)compete in　　　　 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争 compete for 为……而竞争 compete with/against ... for ... 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争 ‎(2)competition n. 比赛；竞争 competitor n. 竞争者；对手 competitive adj. 有竞争力的；竞争的 ‎①My son was selected to compete in the London marathon.‎ 我儿子被选拔出来参加伦敦的马拉松比赛。‎ ‎②Young children will usually compete for their mothers' attention.‎ 小孩子们通常都会在母亲面前争宠。‎ ‎③Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive (compete) world.‎ 没有人能够完全远离这个充满竞争的世界。‎ ‎2．admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳；容纳 ‎[高考佳句]　She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.‎ ‎(2017·天津高考单选)‎ 她问我是否已经将书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。‎ ‎(1)admit doing/having done/that ... 承认……‎ admit sb./sth.to be　 承认某人/某物……‎ ‎(2)be admitted to/into 被接纳进入；被录取到……‎ ‎(3)admission n. 准许进入；入场费；承认；录用 ‎①Joe is proud and stubborn, never admitting (admit) he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.‎ 乔是一个高傲与固执的人，从不承认错误，而且总是找别人来当替罪羊。‎ ‎②The young man had to admit driving/having_driven (drive) without a driving permit.‎ 这个年轻人不得不承认无证驾驶。‎ ‎[熟词生义]　写出admit在语境中的含义 ‎③The dining hall to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students.容纳 ‎3．replace vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处 ‎[经典例句]　It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks.‎ 不吃正餐，改吃零食，这不是什么好主意。‎ replace sth. with/by sth.　　　　　　 用……替换……‎ take the place of＝take one's place 代替 in place of 代替 ‎①It is generally believed that teachers will never be_replaced (replace) by/with computers in class.‎ 人们普遍认为课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。‎ ‎②John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.‎ ‎→ John is ill and I want to know who is going to take_the_place_of_him/take_his_place.‎ 约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。‎ ‎4．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电 n．费用；主管 ‎[高考佳句]　We choose this hotel because the price for a night here ‎ is down to $20, half of what it used to charge.(2017·江苏高考单选)‎ 我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是他们以前要价的一半。‎ ‎(1)charge sb. for sth.　　　 　 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 ‎(2)take charge of 掌管/负责……‎ in charge of 控制/管理……‎ in the charge of 受……的管理 ‎(3)free of charge 免费 ‎①There is a heated discussion on whether museums should charge for admission or not.‎ ‎(人们)对博物馆是否应该收入场费有激烈的争论。‎ ‎②The man who had taken charge of the company was_charged_with taking drugs.‎ ‎→The man who had been in_charge_of the company was accused of taking drugs.‎ 曾经掌管这家公司的那个人被指控吸毒。‎ ‎[名师指津]　表示“控告某人某事”还可以用accuse sb.of sth.结构。注意介词搭配的不同。‎ ‎5．deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得；应得 ‎[经典例句]　You deserve a rest after all that hard work.‎ 辛苦劳累那么久，你应该休息一下了。‎ deserve to do sth.　　　　　　 应该做……；值得做……‎ deserve to be done＝deserve doing ……值得被做 deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意 ‎①It's true that she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to_lose (lose) her job.‎ 她的确犯了错，但她不应该被解雇。‎ ‎②It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve ‎ respecting/to_be respected (respect)．‎ 正是那些甘愿奉献而不索取的人应得到尊敬。‎ ‎③With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves attention/paying_attention_to.‎ 由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得注意。‎ ‎[名师指津]　当物作主语时，deserve后接doing，主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接动词不定式的被动形式。need, want, require作“需要”讲时也有类似用法。‎ ‎6．responsibility n．责任；责任心；职责；义务 ‎(1)a sense of responsibility　　 责任感 take responsibility for 对……负责 ‎(2)responsible adj. 负责任的；应承担责任的 be responsible for 对……负责 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①We should be responsible (responsibility) for the work and keep teamwork spirit in mind.‎ ‎②This will help them build_up_a_sense_of_responsibility (建立责任感) since young.‎ ‎7．advertise vt.&vi.做广告；登广告；宣传；公告 ‎(1)advertise for　　　　　　　 登广告征求……‎ ‎(2)advertisement n. 广告 put an advertisement in the newspaper 在报纸上发布广告 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①I would like to apply for the position advertised (advertise) in yesterday's newspaper.‎ ‎②The nursing home is advertising for a volunteer to help look after ‎ the patients.‎ ‎③If you are in search of your missing pet, you'd better put_an_advertisement_in_the_newspaper (在报纸上登个广告)．‎ ‎8．bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件n.便宜货 ‎(1)make a bargain with sb.　 和某人达成协议 a real bargain 便宜(货)‎ ‎(2)bargain with sb. about/over/for sth. 和某人就某事讨价还价 单句语法填空 ‎①They were bargaining with each other about the price of coffee.‎ ‎②I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real bargain.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Since he had broken the rule, he deserved punishing/to_be_punished_ (punish)．‎ ‎2．Work hard and your dream to_be_admitted (admit) into a key university will come true.‎ ‎3．To_compete (compete) more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.‎ ‎4．If you want to attract more customers, try advertising (advertise) in the local paper.‎ ‎5．My sister bought this Tshirt at such a low price. She was really good at bargaining (bargain)．‎ ‎6．Therefore, let's take the responsibility (responsible) to build up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles.‎ Ⅱ.一句多译 ‎1．找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。‎ ‎①It would be difficult to find a man in_place_of the present manager.‎ ‎②It would be difficult to find a man to_replace the present ‎ manager.‎ ‎③It would be difficult to find a man to_take_the_place_of the present manager.‎ ‎2．他不能掌管那家电脑公司，因为这超出了他的能力。‎ ‎①The computer company can't be in_the_charge_of him because it is beyond his ability.‎ ‎②He can't take_charge_of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.‎ ‎③He can't be in_charge_of the computer company because it is beyond his ability.‎ ‎3．首先保持一种开放的心态，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。‎ ‎①What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve_consideration. (deserve＋n.)‎ ‎②What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve_considering. (deserve＋doing)‎ ‎③What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve_to_be_considered. (deserve＋to be done)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．take part in参加；参与 ‎[经典例句]　We all feel honoured if you can take part in the activity with us.‎ 如果你与我们一起参加这项活动，我们都会感到莫大荣幸。‎ participate in＝take part in　 参加；参与 take an active part in 积极参加 play a part in 在……中起作用；‎ ‎ 在……中扮演角色 ‎①But Sarah, who has taken_part_in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)‎ 但是萨拉已经和顶级模特一起参加了时装秀，她想证明自己是智慧与美丽并存。‎ ‎②It goes without saying that taking__an_active_part_in_social_activities can broaden our horizons.‎ 不言而喻，积极参加社会活动能开阔我们的视野。‎ ‎③Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take_part.(2016·10月浙江高考)‎ 只有待在旅店的顾客能够参加。‎ ‎[名师指津]　在使用take part in时，若其后无宾语，则不加介词in。‎ ‎2．stand for代表；象征；表示；主张；支持；容忍 ‎ ‎[教材原句]　What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for?‎ 奥运旗上的五环代表什么？‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中stand for的含义 ‎①In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.代表；象征 ‎②We should respect people of all faiths and stand for religious freedom.支持；主张 ‎③I will not stand for behavior of that kind in my house.容忍 stand sth./doing sth.　　　 忍受(做)某事 stand by 站在旁边；袖手旁观 stand out 突出；显眼；杰出 stand on one's own feet 自立；不依靠他人 ‎④After several rounds of competition, the little girl stood_out because of her excellent spoken English and quick response.‎ 经过几轮的比赛，因为她出色的英语口语和快速的反应能力，那个小女孩脱颖而出。‎ ‎3．as well也；又；还(常放在句末，作为副词短语使用)‎ ‎[经典例句]　My little brother can speak English and French as well.‎ 我弟弟会说英语，也会说法语。‎ ‎(1)as well as 既……又……(用来连接两个并列成分)‎ ‎(2)as well as ... 同……一样好 ‎(3)may/might as well do sth. 倒不如做某事；不妨做某事 ‎①She can sing; she can play the piano as_well.‎ 她会唱歌，她也会弹钢琴。‎ ‎②Actually, I've been doing pretty well in my studies as_well_as in my life.(2017·天津高考书面表达)‎ 事实上，我在学习和生活上已经做得很好。‎ ‎③The weather is so bad that we may/might_as_well stay at home.‎ 天气太糟了，我们倒不如待在家里。‎ ‎④The famous musician, as well as his students, was_invited (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games.‎ 那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2016年里约奥运会开幕式上演出。‎ ‎[名师指津]　当“A as well as B”结构作主语时，谓语动词应与A在人称和数方面保持一致。‎ ‎4．No other countries could join in, nor_could_slaves_or_women!‎ 别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！‎ ‎(1)“nor/neither＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语”构成倒装句型，意为“……也不这样”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的否定情况。‎ ‎(2)“so＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词＋主语”，意为“……也是如此”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的肯定情况。‎ ‎(3)“so＋主语＋助动词/系动词be/情态动词”，表示说话人同意对方的观点或对前文内容加以强调或肯定，意为“……的确如此”。‎ ‎(4)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型“So it is/was with ...”或“It is/was the same with ...”。‎ ‎①You can't cancel the contract, nor/neither_can_I.‎ 你不能取消这个合同，我也不能。‎ ‎②—Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music.‎ ‎—So_he_is and so_are_you.‎ ‎——杰克对中国文化和民间音乐非常痴迷。‎ ‎——他的确如此，你也是。‎ ‎③He is very clever but he doesn't work hard; it_is_the_same_with his sister/so_it_is_with his sister.‎ 他很聪明，但不努力；他姐姐也是这样。‎ ‎5．This is important because the_more you speak English, the_better your English will become.‎ 这很重要，因为你说英语越多，你的英语水平就越高。‎ 句中the more ... the better ... 意为“……越多……就越好”。‎ ‎(1)the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……，就越……‎ ‎(2)the more ..., the less ... 越……，越不……‎ ‎①The harder you work, the_greater_progress you will make.你工作越努力，进步就越大。‎ ‎②At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the more he explained, the_more_confused_I_became.‎ 起初我以为我明白了老师所说的，但是他越解释我就越迷惑。‎ ‎③The_more_careful_you_are,_the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，你犯的错就会越少。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.补全句子 ‎1．Of course, I'll do some reading for fun, and for_knowledge_as_well.(也为知识)．‎ ‎2．I have the honour to make a speech to welcome the respected guests. Thank you very much for taking_part_in_our_English_activities (参加我们的英语活动)．‎ ‎3．Do you know what the letters ATM stand_for (代表)?‎ ‎4．The higher you stand, the_farther_you_will_see (你就会看得越远)．‎ ‎5．If you don't plan to stay there long in the coming holiday, nor/neither_will_I (我也不打算在那里待长)．‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．Tom can speak French and his brother can speak, too.‎ ‎→Tom can speak French and so_can_his_brother.‎ ‎2．If you don't attend the meeting, I won't, either.‎ ‎→If you don't attend the meeting, neither_will_I.‎ ‎3．They didn't finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss. So it was with us.‎ ‎→They didn't finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss. It_was_the_same_with_us.‎ ‎4．If you devote more time to practicing your spoken English, it will become more fluent.‎ ‎→The_more_time you devote to practicing your spoken English, the_more_fluent it will become.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 ‎1.补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①奥运五环旗中的五环代表地球上的五大洲。‎ The five rings on the Olympic flag stand_for_the_five_continents on the earth.‎ ‎②这意味着任何国家都可以参加奥运会。‎ This means any country can_take_part_in_the_Olympic_Games.‎ ‎③只有达到他们各自统一的标准的运动员才会被接受为竞赛选手。‎ Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will_be_admitted_as_competitors.‎ ‎④所有的运动员明白他们越努力，梦想就越近。‎ All the athletes are aware that the_harder_they_work,_the closer their dreams will become.‎ ‎⑤志愿者为奥运会提供帮助。‎ The_volunteers_offer_help for the Olympic Games.‎ ‎⑥他们也正变得越来越受欢迎。‎ They are becoming more and more popular as_well.‎ ‎⑦他们做了许多志愿工作，比如，负责所有运动员的食宿问题。‎ They do a lot of voluntary work, for example, taking_charge_of the accommodation of all the athletes.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)将①②句升级为定语从句 The_five_rings_on_the_Olympic_flag_stand_for_the_five_continents_on_the_earth,_which_means_any_country_can_take_part_in_the_Olympic_Games.‎ ‎(2)将⑤⑥句升级为定语从句 The_volunteers_who_offer_help_for_the_Olympic_Games_are_becoming_more_and_more_popular_as_well.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词：however, besides )‎ The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents on the earth, which means any country can take part in the Olympic Games. However, only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. All the athletes are aware that the harder they work, the closer their dreams will become. Besides, the volunteers who offer help for the Olympic Games are becoming more and more popular as well. They do a lot of voluntary work, for example, taking charge of the accommodation of all the athletes.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——because引导原因状语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 I've come to your time to find out about the presentday Olympic Games ‎“because I know ... in my homeland”为原因状语从句， “that in ‎1952年，当桑德拉·戴·‎ ‎ because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.‎ ‎ 2004 they ...”为宾语从句； “to find ... Olympic Games”为动词不定式作目的状语。‎ 奥康纳在斯坦福大学法学院以班级第三名的成绩毕业时，因为是女性，她没能在律师事务所找到工作。‎ 真题长难句 When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解A)‎ 该句主句为：she could not find work at a law firm, because引导原因状语从句， when引导时间状语从句。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 反驳不运动的借口 ‎303‎ ‎7分钟 We get it: You're tired. You're busy. And your shoes are way over there. Excuses are OK sometimes, but not every day — and especially not today. So put on your sneakers, get up off the couch, and let us kick your excuses to the curb.‎ ‎“I ... dislike ...panting (气喘)！”‎ Being really out of breath may mean you're trying too much too soon, which will kill your confidence. But you don't have to be huffing_and_puffing to get a workout. Active doesn't have to mean highintensity (高强度). It's just about moving.‎ ‎“I hate exercise.”‎ ‎ It may seem unbearable, but you just have to get started. Exercise releases endorphins (your brain's own feelgood chemicals), which can be habitforming. What's the best exercise? The one you'll do regularly. So you may hate running. Don't run! Ride your bike or just dance. Even cleaning your room is active. As long as you're moving and getting your blood pumping, it counts. So get creative.‎ ‎“I don't have time.”‎ You may not have lots of time to spare when you're busy with schoolwork, but we bet you can find 10 minutes. Bonus: An activity break will send oxygen to your brain, making you superalert (超级警觉的) and more creative too. Famous thinkers like Aristotle and Steve Jobs liked “walking meetings”， and you can follow in their footsteps by moving around while you brainstorm about a tough task or memorize your English vocabulary.‎ ‎“I never see results！”‎ Even if you train with the help of a professional, you won't see results right away. But you will feel them almost immediately. Don't focus on how your body looks — focus on how you feel. Keep a journal of when you exercise (or don't) and how you feel that day: Stressed? Focused? Tired? When you start noticing the amazing effects of exercise, you'll have no excuses.‎ ‎1．The underlined part “huffing and puffing” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．moving around　　　　 　B．breathing heavily C．feeling confident D．wearing nice shoes 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由上文的“I ... dislike ... panting(气喘)！”及“Being really out of breath may mean you're trying too much too soon”以及下文的“highintensity (高强度)”可推断，画线部分意思是“气喘吁吁”。‎ ‎2．In the author's eyes, the best exercise is the one that ________.‎ A．is very relaxing B．you will stick to C．produces good results D．you can spare time on 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第三段中的“What's the best exercise? The one you'll do regularly.”可知，作者建议人们做任何自己能够坚持下去的运动项目。‎ ‎3．Steve Jobs is mentioned to prove that doing exercise ________.‎ A．is good for one's figure B．is good for one's health C．makes one much happier D．makes one more productive 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第四段中的“making you superalert (超级警觉的) and more creative too”及“Steve Jobs liked ‘walking meetings’， and you can follow in their footsteps by moving around while ...”可推断，乔布斯的例子是为了证明做运动可以使人们的工作效率更高。‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Exercise excuses we are not buying B．Benefits of regular physical activity C．The best exercise and fitness routines D．How to get started with an exercise plan 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章列了四个不运动的借口并逐一反驳。故A项最适合作本文的标题。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 体育比赛 ‎331‎ ‎8分钟 There is such a thing as winning by too much. A final score of 1612 recently earned one winning coach of a Californian high school girls' basketball team a twogame suspension (停赛) for unsportsmanlike behavior.‎ ‎“The game just got away from me. I didn't expect them to be that bad. I'm not trying to embarrass anybody，” Arroyo Valley Coach Michael ‎ Anderson told the San Bernardino Sun about the blowout against Bloomington. In the second half, he played substitutes instead of starters, who played when the game began.‎ Hmm. Calling your competitor “bad” probably isn't helping the cause.‎ Coaches from other local high schools have spoken against Anderson's tactics (战术) as well. Throughout the entire first half of the game, Anderson used a fullcourt press, a method of playing basketball in which one team puts pressure on the other team in all parts of the court, and eventually his team won by 103 points. Bloomington only scored 1 point.‎ ‎“Let them score，” Cajon Coach Mark Lehman, who led his team to victory too, said. “I don't think anyone would have had a problem if it was 16150. But 1612? ... Why not put up defense？”‎ Bloomington dealt with the loss as well as they could.‎ ‎“People shouldn't feel sorry for my team，”Coach Dale Chung said after the game. “They should feel sorry for his team, which isn't learning the game the right way.”‎ He said he was proud of his team, because the game would hardly affect them. However, he added, “But it should affect them a little.”‎ The suspension doesn't seem to have changed the team's tactics much. After the 159point win, Arroyo played against Indian Springs and won by 61 points.‎ ‎“They responded as they usually do，” Arroyo's assistant coach Nick Anderson, 19, told the San Bernardino Sun of the 8019 win. He was filling in for his dad, who was suspended.‎ He said, “It's nothing different. We just have a different coach. We're still going to run our game plan，like we always do.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。美国一支高中女子篮球队以161比2的悬殊比分赢了一场比赛，该队教练因为缺乏体育道德而被停赛两场。‎ ‎5．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.‎ A．the Arroyo Valley team　 　B．the Bloomington team C．substitutes D．starters 解析：选B　代词指代题。根据第三段中的“Calling your competitor ‘bad’ probably isn't helping the cause.”可推测，them指的是Arroyo Valley队的对手Bloomington队。‎ ‎6．Mark Lehman thought that Michael Anderson should ________.‎ A．lose the game B．win by more points C．let Bloomington get more points D．improve the method of playing the game 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，Mark Lehman教练非常不赞同Michael Anderson教练以悬殊比分赢得比赛的做法，他认为Michael Anderson教练应该让Bloomington队多得一些分。‎ ‎7．In the eyes of Dale Chung, the behavior of Arroyo Valley was ________.‎ A．admirable B．boring C．puzzling D．unacceptable 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第七段中的“They should feel sorry for his team, which isn't learning the game the right way.”不难推测，Dale Chung教练认为Arroyo Valley队的行为让他无法接受。‎ ‎8．What was Nick Anderson's attitude toward his father's tactics?‎ A．He tolerated them.‎ B．He followed them.‎ C．He was doubtful about them.‎ D．He paid no attention to them.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后三段内容，尤其是倒数第三段“The suspension doesn't seem to have changed the team's tactics much”及最后一段“We're still going to run our game plan, like we always do.”可知，助理教练Nick Anderson延续了他父亲Michael Anderson教练的战术。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Skiing is a winter sport that involves the use of skis. __1__ Skiers attach them to their shoes or boots and use them to get over snow, often ‎ down a mountain slope. Nordic skiing and Alpine skiing are major events of the Winter Olympic Games.‎ Nordic skiing started in Norway and other countries of northern Europe. Nordic skiing events include crosscountry racing and ski jumping. __2__ A crosscountry skier must be able to ski uphill, downhill, and across flat areas. In a skijumping competition the skier gets down a steep ramp (斜坡) that curves upward at the end. The skier leaps off the end and tried to “fly” as far as possible and then land on his or her feet. The skier who leaps the farthest and has the best style is the winner. __3__‎ Alpine skiing started in the Alps of central Europe. Alpine events include downhill and slalom racing. Downhill racing is the fastest and most dangerous of all skiing events. The skier goes down a long, steep course that may have large bumps (隆起物). Along the course are gates formed by single poles or pairs of poles. __4__ The winner is the skier who completes the course in the shortest time. Slalom racing is similar to downhill racing. However, a slalom course is shorter and more winding than a downhill course. __5__‎ A．It requires the skier to make highspeed turns.‎ B．Crosscountry skiing takes place on open, hilly land.‎ C．The skier must ski between them and stay on the course.‎ D．Skis are long, mostly flat pieces of metal, wood, or plastic.‎ E．The skier races over and around large bumps of snow called moguls.‎ F．They are allowed to touch gates with their bodies as long as their skis stay on the course.‎ G．The event called the Nordic combined includes a skijumping race and a crosscountry race.‎ ‎1．选D　下文的“attach them to their shoes or boots”中的them指的是skis，由此可知画线处还是介绍skis，只有D项符合此处语境。‎ ‎2．选B　由下一句“A crosscountry skier must be able to ski uphill, downhill, and across flat areas.”可知，此处应该介绍crosscountry racing。‎ ‎3．选G　本段主要介绍北欧滑雪的两个项目crosscountry racing和skijumping，段落附带介绍了这两个项目的混合体Nordic combined。‎ ‎4．选C　由下一句中的“The winner is the skier who ...”可知，画线处应该是强调滑雪者滑雪时应遵守的规则。C项中的them指的是上句中的gates。‎ ‎5．选A　由上一句中的“a slalom course is shorter and more winding”可知，这个项目要求转弯更快。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 I had much unforgettable experiences in the three years in high school. One of them were that our class prepared for a group singing competition. In order to win a competition, we went all out for them. During the week before the competition, we practiced sing in our free time. Although it was a hard job, but every participant took it serious and did their best. Thanks to our efforts, we won first prize. Hearing the excited news, we were all wild with joy. The moment we got the prize, an old saying occurred me — “no pains, no gains”. Besides, during the course of preparation, we develop friendship, confidence as well as understanding.‎ 答案：第一句：much→many 第二句：were→was 第三句：a→the; them→it 第四句：sing→singing 第五句：去掉but; serious→seriously 第七句：excited→exciting 第八句：occurred后加to 第九句：develop→developed Topic 2　Music (Book 2·Unit 5)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] THE BAND THAT WASN'T Have you ever wanted to be part of a band as a famous singer or musician? Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, Do you sing karaoke and pretend you are a famous singer like Song Zuying or Liu Huan? To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous. But just how do people form a band?‎ Many musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play their own music. They may start as a group of highschool students, for whom practising their music in someone's house is the first step to fame. Sometimes they may play to passersby in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money for themselves or to pay for their instruments. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. Of course they hope to make records in a studio and sell millions of copies to become millionaires!‎ However, there was one band that started in a different way. It was called the Monkees and began as a TV show. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, The TV organizers had planned to find four musicians who could act as well as sing. They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians, but they could only find one who was good enough. They had to use actors for the other three members of the band.‎ they had to rely on other musicians to help them. So during the broadcasts they just pretended to sing. Anyhow their performances were humorous enough to be copied by other groups. ‎ Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by ‎ other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records. The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band.‎ ‎❶at which引导非限制性定语从句，可用where替换 ‎❷most of which引导非限制性定语从句 ‎❸as引导原因状语从句 ‎❹“so ... that ...”引导的结果状语从句；that从句中的“in order to ...”作目的状语 ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．classical adj.　　　　　　　 古典的；古典文艺的 ‎2．instrument n. 工具；器械；乐器 ‎3．reunite vt. 再统一；再联合；重聚 ‎4．studio n. 工作室；演播室 ‎5．millionaire n. 百万富翁；富豪 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．pretend vt. 假装；假扮 ‎2．attach vt.& vi. 系上；缚上；附加；连接 ‎3．form vt. (使)组成；形成；构成 ‎4．earn vt. 赚；挣得；获得 ‎5．extra adj. 额外的；外加的 ‎6．broadcast n．& vi.& vt. 广播；播放 ‎7．familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 ‎8．sensitive adj. 敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．passerby n．过路人；行人→passersby (pl.)‎ ‎2．perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行→performance n．表演；演奏；业绩；性能→performer n．表演者；演奏者 ‎3．rely vi.依赖；依靠→reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的 ‎4．humorous adj.幽默的；诙谐的→humor n．幽默 ‎5．attractive adj.吸引人的；有吸引力的→attract vt.吸引→attraction n．吸引；吸引力；吸引人的事物 ‎6．confident adj.自信的；确信的→confidence n．自信；信任 ‎7．actor n．男演员；行动者→actress n．女演员→act vi.& vt.扮演；做事n.行为→action n．行动；行为过程 ‎8．invitation n．邀请；招待；请柬→invite vt.邀请→inviting adj.诱人的 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．He has a sense of humor. As soon as he came back from his holiday, he gave a humorous account of his trip to America.(humor)‎ ‎2．Last Sunday Mary invited me to dinner, and I was glad to accept the invitation.To my great joy, the dishes she prepared were very inviting.(invite)‎ ‎3．The performers from the USA performed very well at the concert and their performances were well received.(perform)‎ ‎4．Many visitors are attracted by the beauty of the West Lake, saying that the beautiful scenery there is really attractive.(attract)‎ ‎5．He gave her a confident smile and his confidence made her faced with challenge bravely.(confident)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．dream_of　　　　　　　 梦见；梦想；设想 ‎2．to_be_honest 说实在地；实话说 ‎3．attach_..._to 认为有(重要性、意义)；附上；连接 ‎4．in_cash 用现金；有现钱 ‎5．play_jokes_on 戏弄 ‎6．rely_on 依赖；依靠 ‎7．be/get_familiar_with 熟悉；与……熟悉起来 ‎8．or_so 大约 ‎9．break_up 打碎；分裂；解体；结束 ‎10．in_addition 另外；也 ‎11．sort_out 分类 ‎12．above_all 最重要；首先 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．To_be_honest,_I don't like my boss very much because he always looks down upon others.‎ ‎2．He was saving his money for the house that they had dreamed_of owning some day.‎ ‎3．Don't play_jokes_on him. He is always serious and does not like them at all.‎ ‎4．We must work hard, and above_all,_we must believe in ourselves.‎ ‎5．It was not until then that I realized their marriage was breaking_up because they had little in common.‎ ‎6．I hope the rain will keep off half an hour or_so,_for I've forgotten to bring an umbrella.‎ ‎7．It is not difficult to sort_out the materials as long as time permits.‎ ‎8．Please pay in_cash,_for credit cards cannot be used in this supermarket.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.‎ 组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。‎ ‎[解读]　most of which ...是由“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　这张专辑包括20首歌曲，其中70%是关于乡村生活的。‎ The album contains 20 songs, 70_percent_of_which_are_about_country_life.‎ ‎2．Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians.‎ 门基乐队每个星期都要在电视上演唱由别的音乐家创作的歌曲。‎ ‎[解读]　written by other musicians为过去分词短语作定语，修饰名词songs。‎ ‎[仿写]　我们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的歌手能在这个夏季给我们带来惊喜。‎ The singers selected_from_the_whole_country are expected to bring us surprise in this summer.‎ ‎3．Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.‎ 弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪里都会有人跟随。‎ ‎[解读]　not ...without ...“没有……就不能……”，这是一种双重否定句式，表示肯定意义。‎ ‎[仿写]　你不和我们一起去参加音乐会的话我们就不去了。‎ We won't_go_without you joining us in attending the concert.‎ ‎4．Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they were close friends.‎ 一些不认识他们的人也在不断地讨论他们的私生活，而且就像是他们的密友一样在谈论他们。‎ ‎[解读]　as if/though “似乎；好像”，引导方式状语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　他谈起周杰伦来就好像他们曾经是朋友似的。‎ He talked about Jay Chou as_if/though_they_had_ever_been_friends.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．pretend vt.& vi.假装；假扮 ‎[经典例句]　I don't suggest you ignore problems, or that you pretend things are better than they are.‎ 我不是建议你们忽视问题，或者假装事情比实际情况更好。‎ pretend ‎①He pretended to_be_reading (read) an important document when the boss came in.‎ 老板进来时他假装在看一份重要文件。‎ ‎②Jacy pretended to_have_known (know) everything about it and said nothing.‎ 杰西假装对此已了解了一切，一句话也没说。‎ ‎③I had been lying to myself, pretending (pretend) that everything was fine.‎ 我一直对自己撒谎，假装一切顺利。‎ ‎[名师指津]　和pretend有类似用法(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的动词还有happen, appear, seem, claim等及be said to结构。‎ ‎2．attach vt.& vi.系上；缚上；附加；连接；使依恋 ‎[教材原句]　To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.‎ 说实话，很多人把名和利看得重要。‎ ‎(1)attach ... to ...　　 把……固定/附在……上 attach great importance/significance to sth.‎ ‎ 认为……非常/很重要 ‎(2)attached adj. 依恋的；附加的 be attached to 附属于；依恋 ‎①The bicycles will have smartphones attached to the handlebars measuring how much power is being generated for the hotel.(2016·‎ ‎10月浙江高考)‎ 自行车将会有安装在车把上的智能手机，用于测量为旅店提供了多少电量。‎ ‎②Attach a recent photograph to your application form.‎ 申请表上请帖一张近照。‎ ‎③This hospital attached (attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood.‎ 这家附属于附近那所医学院的医院被洪水冲毁了。‎ ‎3．form v．(使)组成；形成；构成；养成 n．形状；表格；形式 ‎[高考佳句]　If you want to apply for membership, you are required to fill in the application form and email it to pingpong@123.com.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)‎ 如果你想申请会员，您需要填写申请表格并发电子邮件到pingpong@123.com。‎ ‎(1)form the habit of doing sth.　　 养成做某事的习惯 ‎(2)in the form of 以……的形式 take the form of 采取……的形式；表现为……的形式 fill in/out the form 填表格 ‎①He was about to give up when a good idea began to form_in_his_mind.‎ 他正要放弃，这时一个好主意在脑海中开始形成。‎ ‎②The old man has_formed_the_habit_of getting up early every morning since then.‎ 从那时起，这位老人已养成了每天早晨早起的习惯。‎ ‎③You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request in_the_form_of a question.‎ 如果你以问题的方式向对方提出请求会显得有礼貌得多。‎ ‎4．perform vt.& vi.表演；履行；执行 ‎[高考佳句]　In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ 另外，还有著名的艺术家在现场表演如何剪纸。‎ ‎(1)perform a(n) ... role in　　 在……中起……作用 perform an operation/a play 进行手术/演一场戏 perform one's duty/promise 尽某人的责任/履行某人的承诺 ‎(2)performance n. 执行；表演；履行 put on/give a performance 表演 ‎(3)performer n. 执行者；表演者 ‎①Once performed (perform), the works of Beethoven must attract all the people present at the concert.‎ 一旦演出，贝多芬的作品一定会吸引所有出席音乐会的人。‎ ‎②The famous doctor is going to set out to_perform_an_operation,_so please keep calm.‎ 那位著名的医生就要开始做手术了，因此请保持镇静。‎ ‎③Magically, that show remains the Great Jason's best performance (perform) to this day.(2016·10月浙江高考语法填空)‎ 如魔法般地，那场表演是贾森迄今为止最好的表演。‎ ‎5．familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 ‎[经典例句]　The signs of drug addiction are familiar to most doctors.‎ 毒瘾的症状大多数医生都熟悉。‎ ‎(1)be/get familiar with　熟悉……；与……熟悉起来(其主语通常是指人的名词)‎ ‎(2)be familiar to 为……所熟悉(其主语通常是人们所通晓的事物)‎ ‎①After the foreign guests got_familiar_with the Chinese traditional festivals, they liked to live in China.‎ 外国客人在熟悉了中国传统节日后，便喜欢在中国生活。‎ ‎②They are not familiar with charity work, which is still at an early stage in China.‎ ‎→Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is not familiar to them.‎ 他们不太熟悉慈善工作，这项工作在中国还处于初始阶段。‎ ‎6．earn vt.赚；挣得；获得 earn one's living　　　　　　　　 谋生 earn/make money 挣钱 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①The band longed to have a secure income and succeed, but first they had to play to passersby to_earn (earn) extra money.‎ ‎②He earned_his_living_by_selling_newspapers (靠卖报谋生) when he was young.‎ ‎7．sensitive adj.敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的 be sensitive to 　　　　　　　　 对……敏感 be sensitive about 介意……；在乎……‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As tourism grows increasingly popular, Chinese are becoming particularly sensitive to improper behavior.‎ ‎②As a celebrity, she is very sensitive about everything to do with her.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．There are some students pretending to_have_known (know) what they don't really know, which is really harmful to them.‎ ‎2．After months of unemployment all he asked for was a chance to_earn (earn) his bread.‎ ‎3．As is often the case in nature, some plants are so sensitive to temperature that they can only survive in cool places.‎ ‎4．The experiment performed (perform) in the 1990s showed that many plants tolerate a wide range of light conditions.‎ ‎5．After graduation, he has been working in a middle school, which ‎ is_attached (attach) to Nanjing Normal University.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．我们很多青少年认为手机要比朋友重要得多。(2014·重庆高考写作)‎ Many of us teenagers attach_much_more_importance_to our phones than to our friends.‎ ‎2．自从那时，我已养成了与朋友定期打篮球的习惯，这有助于我身体更强壮、变得更自信。‎ Since then, I have_formed_the_habit_of_playing_basketball_with_my_friends regularly, which helps me to grow stronger and become more confident.‎ ‎3．我认为这次机会很重要，最近我一直在准备着，希望我能表现优秀。‎ I consider the opportunity is_of_great_importance/significance and I have been preparing for it recently with_the_hope_that_I_can_perform_it_well.‎ ‎4．他总是乐于帮助他人，因此在这儿大家都熟悉他。(familiar)‎ ‎①He is always willing to help others, so everyone here is_familiar_with_him.‎ ‎②He is always willing to help others, so he is_familiar_to_everyone here.‎ ‎5．我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很伤心。‎ ‎①She pretended she didn't_know_me when we met in the street, which really made me upset.‎ ‎②She pretended not_to_know_me when we met in the street, which really upset me.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．rely on依赖；依靠；指望；相信 ‎[经典例句]　Many working women rely on relatives to help take care of their children.‎ 许多职业妇女都依靠亲属来帮助她们照看孩子。‎ rely on sb.to do sth.　　　 指望/相信某人会做某事 rely on (doing) sth. 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……‎ ‎①Many people now would rely on surfing (surf) the Internet rather than read newspaper for news.‎ 现在很多人宁愿依赖上网浏览新闻也不愿看报纸。‎ ‎②You may rely_on_it_that the work will be finished ahead of time.‎ 你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。‎ ‎[联想发散]　试写出rely on的同义短语。‎ depend_on/upon;_count_on/upon等。‎ ‎2．break up打碎；分裂；解体；拆分；驱散；分手；结束；放假 ‎[教材原句]　The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid1980s.‎ 乐队在1970年左右解体了，但令人高兴的是，他们在20世纪80年代中期又重组起来了。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中break up的含义 ‎①Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever.结束 ‎②In order to get some money, the man broke up that old machine and sell some parts.拆分 ‎③The police came running and broke up the crowd.驱散 ‎④When does the school break up for the summer holidays？放假 break down　 　 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解 break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)‎ break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)‎ break away from 脱离；挣脱 ‎⑤When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks_down and everyone is in even bigger danger.‎ ‎(2017·北京高考)‎ 当一些人拒绝接种疫苗和占便宜时，免疫力瓦解，每一个人处在更大的危险中。‎ ‎3．above all 最重要；首先 ‎[高考佳句]　Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all longtime alcoholism have much to do with it.(2017·江苏高考)‎ 没有人非常肯定，但是不健康的饮食，最重要的是长期酗酒和它有很大的关系。‎ after all　　　　 毕竟；终究 all in all 整体说来；总而言之 in all 全部；合计 at all (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟 ‎①Above_all,_make sure you keep in touch.‎ 最要紧的是你们一定要保持联系。‎ ‎②All_in_all,_every road leads to Rome, and I do believe hard work pays off.‎ 总之，条条道路通罗马，我坚信努力总会有回报。‎ ‎③He wrote to say they couldn't give me a job after_all.‎ 他写信说他们还是不能给我一份工作。‎ ‎4．The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most_of_which was based loosely on the Beatles.‎ 组成乐队的音乐人演奏音乐，还彼此打趣逗笑。这些玩笑和音乐大多都在模仿“甲壳虫”乐队。‎ most of which ...是“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句。‎ ‎(1)one/two/several/most/each/all ...＋of which/whom ...‎ ‎(2)the＋n.＋of which ‎①Here are some problems put up at the meeting, most_of_which are about education and health.‎ 这次会上提出了一些问题，大部分都是关于教育和健康的。‎ ‎②Our class also has problems of its own, the_most_obvious_one_of_which/of_which_the most_obvious_one is the students' laziness. (2015·广东高考写作)‎ 我们班也有自己的问题，其中最明显的一个就是学生们的懒惰。‎ ‎[名师指津]　“the＋n./pron.＋of which”结构中的“the ＋n./pron.”也可置于“of which”之后，并且“the＋n.＋of which”结构一般可以与“whose＋n.”互换。‎ ‎③There is a room, the_window_of_which/of_which_the_window/whose_window faces the river. ‎ 那里有一个房间，窗户朝着河的方向。‎ ‎5．Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.‎ 弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪里都会有人跟随。‎ not ...without ...意为“没有……就不能……”。这是一种双重否定句式，表示肯定意义。‎ ‎①I couldn't have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.‎ 没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。‎ ‎(1)常见的双重否定结构还有：‎ no/never ...without ... 没有……不……；除……不……‎ ‎(2)常见的用否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有：‎ cannot ...too ... 越……越……； 无论怎样……也不为过 nothing/not/no ... impossible ... 没有……不/不可能……‎ ‎②You can't be too careful while driving the car.‎ 你开车时再怎么小心也不为过。‎ ‎③Use your head and you will find nothing is impossible in the world.‎ 动动脑筋你就会发现世上无难事。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用break短语填空(break up, break out, break in, break down)‎ ‎①You will break_down sooner or later if you go on working like that.‎ ‎②Don't break_in when the adventurer is telling his own story.‎ ‎③When the news came that the war broke_out,_he decided to serve in the army.‎ ‎④I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken_up. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.‎ ‎2．用all短语填空(above all, after all, all in all, at all)‎ ‎①Of course I admire him, after_all,_he is a great writer.‎ ‎②I found out that I have no artistic ability at_all.‎ ‎③I would like to rent a house, modern, comfortable, and above_all in a quiet neighborhood.‎ ‎④All_in_all,_travelling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.‎ Ⅱ.一句多译/句型转换 ‎1．你可以相信你困难时我会帮助你。(rely)‎ ‎①You can rely_on_me_to_help_you when you are in trouble.‎ ‎②You can rely_on_it_that_I_can_help_you when you are in trouble.‎ ‎③You can rely_on_my_helping_you when you are in trouble.‎ ‎2．He said he would not go to the party unless he was invited.‎ ‎→He said he would not go to the party without_being_invited.‎ ‎3．The classroom is crowded with children. They have poor eyesight. All of them are interested in painting.‎ ‎→The classroom is crowded with children, who have poor eyesight, all_of_whom are interested in painting.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①李津在他童年时期梦想成为一名歌手。‎ Li Jin dreamed_of_being_a_singer in his childhood.‎ ‎②他依靠信心和毅力三十年如一日地练习唱歌。‎ He relied_on_his_confidence and persistence to practise singing for 30 years.‎ ‎③这种做法为他赢得了成功。‎ This has_earned_him_success.‎ ‎④现在，每个人都熟悉他的声音。‎ Now everyone_is_familiar_with_his_voice.‎ ‎⑤他十分看重人们给予他的帮助。‎ He attaches_great_importance_to_the help people have offered.‎ ‎⑥没有这些帮助，他相信自己就不可能取得这么大的进步。‎ Without_the_help,_he believes, he couldn't_have_made such great progress.‎ ‎⑦他曾许诺他和忠实的歌迷的联系永远不会结束。‎ He has promised that the relationship between him and his devoted fans will never break_up.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)将②③句升级为定语从句 He_relied_on_his_confidence_and_persistence_to_practise_singing_for_30_years,_which_has_earned_him_success.‎ ‎(2)将⑤⑥句升级为定语从句 He_attaches_great_importance_to_the_help_people_have_offered_and_without_which,_he_believes,_he_couldn't_have_made_such_great_progress.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as a result )‎ Li Jin dreamed of being a singer in his childhood. He relied on his confidence and persistence to practise singing for 30 years, which has earned him success. Now everyone is familiar with his voice. He attaches great importance to the help people have offered and without which, he believes, he couldn't have made such great progress. As a result, he has ‎ promised that the relationship between him and his devoted fans will never break up.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——介词提前的定语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.‎ ‎“The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music”为主干句，“most of which was based loosely on the Beatles”为定语从句。‎ 弗朗科·赫尔利是一位自信而且有天赋的澳大利亚摄影师，他了解南极，被雇佣去拍摄照片，此次拍摄的大部分照片以前从来没有出版过。‎ 真题长难句 Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D)‎ ‎“Frank Hurley was hired to make the images”为本句的主干部分。“a confident and ... the Antarctic”作Frank Hurley的同位语，其中who knew the Antarctic为定语从句，修饰先行词photographer; “most of which ...”为定语从句，修饰先行词the images。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 音乐之路 ‎316‎ ‎7分钟 One of the most significant parts of my high school career would be playing in the orchestra. I remember when I first started playing the viola ‎ (中提琴) in my school's program as an inexperienced fourth grader. As my interest in music grew, I decided to find a private instructor.‎ During my first lesson, I was surprised at what Dr. T was teaching — how to hold the viola and play open strings! To me, these were basic concepts I had long ago mastered. However, the following week, what I thought I had learned was completely disproven. With such high expectations, Dr. T criticized many aspects of my posture, intonation and bowing (音准和弓法). But as I became more familiar with my viola, Dr. T started assigning me actual compositions. Meanwhile, I became more and more interested in our school's ensemble (合奏组)．‎ I first decided to become a section leader in middle school, when we were given the opportunity to try out for our ensemble's first and second chairs. During the first class, our conductor, Mrs. V, introduced us to a section leader's responsibilities. These duties included helping others with the concert music and setting a good example. After discussion, I decided to try out and started preparing the assigned piece. Every day, I would practice for at least 45 minutes. Needless to say, this was easier said than done. It required a lot of concentration and will power. Regardless, by the end of the week, I had become more familiar with the music.‎ To my surprise, the audition (试听) process was more pleasant than I had imagined. As I unpacked my viola, I started to doubt my decision. However, when I entered Mrs. V's homely office, I felt more relaxed. By the end of my audition, Mrs. V said that I had a good chance of becoming the principal violist! The next day, during orchestra, I learned that indeed, I had become our section's first chair.‎ ‎1．Before the author studied under Dr. T, she ________.‎ A．had never played the viola B．had expressed interest in music C．had written some compositions D．had been a promising young artist 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第一段的“As my interest in music grew, I decided to find a private instructor.”可知，在师从Dr. T之前，作者就已经对音乐产生了浓厚的兴趣。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “disproven” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．lazy　　　　　　　　　 　B．wrong C．foolish D．surprised 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由第二段的“these were basic concepts I had long ago mastered”和“Dr. T criticized many aspects of my posture, intonation and bowing (音准和弓法)”可知，Dr. T批评并纠正了作者以前学过的关于如何拉中提琴的知识，这让作者意识到以前学的完全是错误的。‎ ‎3．Which of the following can best describe the author?‎ A．Unusual and scholarly.‎ B．Selfcentered and proud.‎ C．Independent and optimistic.‎ D．Hardworking and determined.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第三段的“Every day, I would practice for at least 45 minutes ... It required a lot of concentration and will power.”可知，为了成为学校合奏组的首席中提琴手，作者以坚强的意志刻苦练习。‎ ‎4．When attending the audition, the author ________.‎ A．felt confident of succeeding B．received some careers guidance C．left a good impression on Mrs. V D．remembered her first viola instructor 解析：选C　推理判断题。由最后一段的“By the end of my audition, Mrs. V said that I had a good chance of becoming the principal violist！”可知，试听过程中作者给Mrs. V留下了好印象。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 音乐对学生的积极作用 ‎322‎ ‎8分钟 There have been some amazing quotes about music over the years, but my favourite comes from Victor Hugo. The famous French poet once said, “Music expresses what cannot be put into words.”‎ Most people I know love listening to music, but not everyone is brave enough to try and play it. I'm among them. Regardless of my fear of performing in public, I still wanted to learn an instrument — so when I was ten years old, I got started. I'm certain this will help me in other aspects of my life.‎ I've often wondered about the impact music had on other kids. I was recently lucky enough to chat with Kristi White from Pensacola, Florida. “Music speaks to students in a way that other subjects cannot; to put it simply, music has the ability to keep some uninterested kids in school. Many studies show that involvement in music leads to positive personal, social and motivational outcomes，” she said.‎ I was surprised to hear that music was the sole subject keeping some kids in school. According to a study by the Centre for Music Research at Florida State University, students at risk of not successfully completing their high school educations cite their participation in the arts as a major reason for staying in school.‎ In my chat with Kristi, I was disappointed to learn about a worrying trend that music programs are being neglected in schools around the world. Kristi said, “In recent years, I've witnessed many schools completely abolishing their music education programs. This is a big mistake! Schools are losing not only an enriching subject, but a subject that can enrich students' lives and education.”‎ This needs to change quickly. Music is a gift; it brings people ‎ together and clearly places our youth on the right path, giving us the tools to cope with many of life's challenges. It makes absolutely no sense that some schools are taking it out of their curriculum.‎ 语篇解读：音乐对学生的积极作用远超过我们的预想。然而，一些学校却对此不重视，甚至有取消的趋势，这让作者大为失望的同时呼吁改变现状。‎ ‎5．By quoting from Victor Hugo, the author means ________.‎ A．music is more necessary than words B．the power of music is hard to describe C．music conveys some emotion words can't D．a song leaves listeners completely sensitive 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Music expresses what cannot be put into words.”可推断出，音乐可以表达一些用语言无法表达的内容，故选C项。‎ ‎6．According to Kristi White, music ________.‎ A．enables kids to be smarter B．builds up students' confidence C．should be a major subject in school D．contributes to some positive outcomes 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Many studies show that involvement in music leads to positive personal, social and motivational outcomes”可知选D项。‎ ‎7．As to music education's being neglected, the author ________.‎ A．turned to Kristi for ideas B．wondered about the reasons C．felt disappointed at the unexpected D．warned teachers of the disadvantages 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第五段中“In my chat with Kristi, I was disappointed to learn about a worrying trend that music programs are being neglected in schools around the world.”可知选C项。‎ ‎8．For what purpose is the text written?‎ A．To tell readers the importance of music.‎ B．To express the author's views on music.‎ C．To appeal to changes to happen.‎ D．To criticize some doings about music.‎ 解析：选C　写作目的题。根据文章最后一段中“This needs to change quickly.”可知作者的写作目的为呼吁改变现状，故选C项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 I'm now a senior at Western Kentucky University expecting to graduate in 8 months. Last year I __1__ in a kindergarten class where a little boy had just started the __2__， not knowing how to hold a __3__ , say his alphabet or even count to ten. As the year went on, he didn't seem to be catching on to any of the concepts being __4__ in class and he never had __5__ to play during break time because he __6__ had work to finish. His teachers __7__ finishing his work for him with the __8__ that it didn't matter because he'd be there again next year. I continued, __9__， to tell him that it was important for him to do his work and that I would __10__， but I wouldn't do it for him.‎ Near the end of the year, we went through the __11__ routine. I told him I wanted him to have time to play, __12__I still would not do the work for him. He spent a few minutes pouting (噘嘴) and I again told him, “You are a(n) __13__ boy and you can do it if you __14__ pouting and get on with it. I want you to have time to play, but this is your __15__： You can finish the work and play or you can sit there and pout.”‎ That was the day he __16__ his work and got to play. I was so __17__ and told him how much he could do once he __18__. When that kindergartener looked up at me, saying, “Mrs. Jennifer, it's because you're such a __19__ teacher，” my heart melted.‎ I always think back to that little boy and the __20__ I had when he gave me credit for his success.‎ 语篇解读：作者用耐心和技巧教会了一个小男孩成功地自己完成了作业并有了玩耍的时间。‎ ‎1．A.studied B．volunteered C．competed D．struggled 解析：选B　由上句中的“senior”和“expecting to graduate”可知，“我”现在还在上大学，八个月后毕业，所以去年在幼儿园是当义工(volunteered)。‎ ‎2．A.year B．experiment C．performance D．communication 解析：选A　下句中的“year”有提示。这个小男孩在幼儿园刚开始一年(year)的学习。‎ ‎3．A.present B．pencil C．handle D．key 解析：选B　由本句中的“kindergarten”判断，他刚上幼儿园，还不会正确地握笔(pencil)，读字母表，甚至还不会数数。‎ ‎4．A.protected B．lifted C．taught D．followed 解析：选C　由本空后的“class”得出，他似乎不理解老师在课上所教(taught)的概念。‎ ‎5．A.space B．courage C．patience D．time 解析：选D　下文第二段第二句中的“time”有提示。他没有多余的时间(time)玩。‎ ‎6．A.ever B．even C．sometimes D．always 解析：选D　由本句中的“never”可知，他手头的作业总是(always)不能按时完成。‎ ‎7．A.minded B．risked C．began D．suggested 解析：选C　从上句这个小男孩的情况判断，他总是完不成作业，于是其他老师就开始(began)替他完成。‎ ‎8．A.thought B．message C．purpose D．plan 解析：选A　本空后就是其他老师的想法(thought)：反正明年他还在这里。‎ ‎9．A.indeed B．however C．besides D．therefore 解析：选B　与上句其他老师的行为构成转折。然而(however)，“我”反复告诉他自己做作业的重要性。‎ ‎10．A.help B．agree C．admit D．check 解析：选A　由本空后的“wouldn't do it for him”可知，“我”会帮助(help)他，但是不会包办他的作业。‎ ‎11．A.only B．same C．safe D．comfortable 解析：选B　从下句“我”的做法得出，在学年快要结束时，我们一直这样(same)做。‎ ‎12．A.or B．for C．so D．but 解析：选D　与本空前构成转折。“我”想让他有玩的时间，但是(but)“我”仍然不会替他包办一切。‎ ‎13．A.friendly B．polite C．smart D．honest 解析：选C　由本空后的“you can do it”可知，“我”对那个男孩说：“你是一个聪明的(smart)孩子，如果你停止(stop)耍脾气而是动手做，你自己肯定能把它做完。”‎ ‎14．A.delay B．miss C．forget D．stop 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎15．A.direction B．decision C．skill D．position 解析：选B　从本空后的“or”得出，“我”对男孩说：“你可以自己做完作业并去玩，也可以仍然坐在这里耍脾气，这是你自己的决定(decision)。”‎ ‎16．A.offered B．ignored C．finished D．changed 解析：选C　由上句中的“finish the work”和本空后的“got to play”可知，应选finished。‎ ‎17．A.excited B．confused C．embarrassed D．frightened 解析：选A　由上句他的变化可知，这是他第一次自己做完作业并去玩了，所以“我”很高兴(excited)。‎ ‎18．A.asked B．hesitated C．tried D．expected 解析：选C　从本段首句这个小男孩的行动得出，“我”夸他，只要他尽力(tried)去做，他就做得很好。‎ ‎19．A.proud B．humorous C．famous D．good 解析：选D　根据上文“我”反复地劝这个小男孩并夸奖他可知，他认为“我”是一个好(good)老师。‎ ‎20．A.feeling B．interest C．challenge D．peace 解析：选A　根据上文的“my heart melted”和本空后的“success”可知，“我”经常会想起那个小男孩和他将他的成功归功于“我”时带给“我”的感觉(feeling)。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Now many singers and bands have little to do with good music.They know little about __1__ good music means.What is the cause?‎ Most of these singers so far __2__ (see) music as a “job” because it is a good way of making money.And if you have a good __3__ (appear) and also original or expensive clothes to show off at your concerts then your voice is not as __4__ (importance) as it should be.The public will prefer to admire more the most interesting parts of your body and even forget that you are there __5__ (show) your music skills, not your dancing,‎ ‎ which is important too, but not at such a high level.‎ Therefore, many young girls on TV choose to wear the most provocative (挑逗性的) clothes to catch attention, but ‎ when it comes to __6__ (sing) they are in __7__ complete mess and one doesn't need to have an ear __8__ music to notice their lack of talent.‎ However, the young generation should understand talent and a good voice matter more in their musical career.All the bands that have little to do with good music fail to __9__ (view) as successful on stage.If a young man has a great voice and wants to become a singer, he should take some special courses in this area, __10__ will help him improve singing abilities.‎ 语篇解读：如今很多乐队和歌手仅仅因为金钱而从事音乐事业，反而忘了音乐的真正含义。‎ ‎61．what　空处所填词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作means的宾语，表示“什么”，因此用what。‎ ‎62．have seen　句中的“so far”表明用现在完成时。且“Most of these singers”与see为主动关系，故用have seen。‎ ‎63．appearance　空前的“a good”表明这里应用名词appearance。‎ ‎64．important　此处是“as ...as ...”结构，两个as之间用形容词或副词的原级，由空前的is和句意可知，此处用形容词作表语。‎ ‎65．to show　此处应用动词不定式“to show ...”作目的状语。‎ ‎66．singing　when it comes to (doing) sth.表示“当谈及……时”，为固定搭配，其中to是介词，故此处用动名词singing。‎ ‎67．a 　in a mess表示“混乱，一团糟”。‎ ‎68．for　have an ear for表示“对……有鉴赏力”。‎ ‎69．be viewed　fail to do sth.表示“未能做某事”，为固定搭配；the bands与view之间是被动关系，再由“view ...as ...(把……看作……)”结构可知，此处用被动形式be viewed。‎ ‎70．which　先行词是“special courses”，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故用which。‎ 纵观历年高考题，有关“文娱与体育”话题的题目经常出现在阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达等各类题中。其语篇主要有以下几类：1.人物传记类，以介绍主要人物生平轶事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。2.介绍文体活动的种类、起源、注意事项以及对人的积极影响等。3.介绍体育的重要性以及如何锻炼身体等。阅读理解的命题以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅；写作的内容常涉及人物传记、个人经历和感受、活动介绍等。‎ 一、话题与阅读 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C)‎ ‎[1]Some of the world's most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.‎ ‎[2]Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ ‎[3]It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.‎ ‎[4]“Jazz seems like it's not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio's reporter Neal Conan. “What ‎ I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It's actually color, and it's actually digital.”‎ ‎[5]Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.‎ ‎[6]Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller's music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran.“For me, it's the recontextualization.In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”‎ ‎1．Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?‎ A．To remember the birth of jazz.‎ B．To protect cultural diversity.‎ C．To encourage people to study music.‎ D．To recognize the value of jazz.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ B．The production of jazz growing faster.‎ C．Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ D．The jazz audience becoming larger.‎ ‎3．What can we infer about Moran's opinion on jazz?‎ A．It will disappear gradually.‎ B．It remains black and white.‎ C．It should keep up with the times.‎ D．It changes every 50 years.‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Exploring the Future of Jazz B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz C．The Story of a Jazz Musician D．Celebrating the Jazz Day ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)读文快一点 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 国际爵士乐日的设立和宗旨。‎ 并列分述 第2段 整个第2段 爵士乐在美国不像以前那样受欢迎。‎ 第3段 第3段画波浪线部分 讲述了杰森·莫兰的工作及希望。‎ 第4段 第4段画波浪线部分 杰森·莫兰对爵士乐情况的汇报。‎ 第5段 第5段画波浪线部分 杰森·莫兰分析指出爵士乐衰退的现状。‎ 第6段 第6段画波浪线部分 杰森·莫兰谈论人们对爵士乐的态度及他将为爵士乐作出努力。‎ 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.‎ ‎[句式分析]　what 引导的是主语从句，is后面是that引导的表语从句；而表语从句中，reconsider and understand 后又跟着一个that引导的宾语从句构成不定式短语作start的宾语。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　‎ 我一直希望完成的是我这一代人及年轻一代开始重新思考和理解爵士乐不再是单调的音乐。‎ ‎(二)做题准一点 ‎1．细节理解题。选D　根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。‎ ‎2．代词指代题。选C　根据语境可知，画线词that 指代上段“Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。‎ ‎3．推理判断题。选C　根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same.”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。‎ ‎4．标题归纳题。选A　本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。‎ ‎[题后悟通]‎ 细节理解题的干扰项的设置手法 ‎1．包含项原则 在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项(或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。例如在第1题中，爵士乐是音乐的一种，而音乐又是文化多样性的艺术方面的体现，这三者之间存在包含关系。这时，需要我们紧密联系文章的主旨，回归原文，选出正确的选项。‎ ‎2．正反项原则 所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四个选项中A、B两项互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D两项，正确答案一般在A、B两项当中取其一。‎ ‎3．委婉项原则 所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to, be liable to等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等。‎ ‎4．同形项原则 几个选项如存在形式与结构上的相似，那它们就互为同形项。同形项组可喻为高尔夫球场上的“果岭”，而正确答案就是果岭上的“球洞”。命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考察考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项一般存在有正确答案。例如在第1题中，四个选项结构相同，A, D 选项不仅结构相似，内容上都是关于爵士音乐的，答案在A，D项之间的可能性就会非常大。‎ ‎5．常识项原则 在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。‎ ‎6．因果项原则 阅读理解逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题型的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。‎ ‎(三)积累多一点 ‎1．gather v．　　　　　　 收集；聚焦 ‎2．shrink v. 收缩 ‎3．widen v. 扩大；拓宽 ‎4．preserve v. 保护；保存 ‎5．accomplish v. 完成 ‎6．entertainment n. 娱乐 ‎7．abstract adj. 抽象的 ‎8．foster v. 促进 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·北京卷)‎ 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请给你的美国朋友Jim写一封邮件，告诉他你打算参加龙舟训练营，希望他一起参加。邮件的内容包括：‎ ‎1．介绍训练营的相关内容(例如：时间、地点、参加者等)；‎ ‎2．说明你打算参加的原因；‎ ‎3．询问对方的意向。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于50；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 提示词：龙舟训练营Dragon Boat Training Camp Dear Jim，‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．一个让人兴奋的计划　　　　 an_exciting_plan ‎2．暑假 summer_holiday ‎3．加入 join ‎4．想知道 wonder ‎5．和……一起去 go_with ‎6．提供 offer ‎7．中国文化 Chinese_culture ‎8．对……感兴趣 be_interested_in 第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分 ‎1．我写信是想告诉你我的让人兴奋的暑假计划。‎ I'm writing to tell_you_my_exciting_plan for the summer holiday. ‎ ‎2．我打算加入龙舟训练营。‎ I intend_to_join a Dragon Boat Training Camp. ‎ ‎3．我想知道你是否和我一起去。‎ I wonder_if_you'd_like_to go with me.‎ ‎4．训练营7月20日开放。‎ This camp will_open_on July 20th.‎ ‎5．它给像你和我这样的青少年提供了一个欣赏体育运动、学习中国文化的机会。‎ It offers teenagers like you and me a_chance_to_enjoy_sports_and_learn_about Chinese culture. ‎ ‎6．如果你对此感兴趣，请让我知道，我会给你发送更多信息。‎ If you are_interested_in_it,_ please let me know and I'll send you more information.‎ 第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分 把句5改为which引导的定语从句，和句4合并 This_camp_will_open_on_July_20th,_which_offers_teenagers_like_you_and_me_a_chance_to_enjoy_sports_and_learn_about_Chinese_culture.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分 Dear Jim，‎ I'm_writing_to_tell_you_my_exciting_plan_for_the_summer_holiday._I_intend__to_join_a_Dragon_Boat_Training_Camp._I_wonder_if_you'd_like_to_go_with_me.‎ This_camp_will_open_on_July_20th,_which_offers_teenagers_like_you ‎_and_me_a_chance_to_enjoy_sports_and_learn_about_Chinese_culture._If_you_are_interested_in_it,_please_let_me_know_and_I'll_send_you_more_information.‎ Hope_to_meet_you_at_the_training_camp_this_summer.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Roberto Clemente was born in Puerto Rico. When he was eight years old, he started working on a sugar farm. Clemente worked many hours. But he always found time to play baseball. Even when there were no games, Clemente would throw whatever he could find — a bottle top or an old shoe.‎ Years of practice made Clemente a skilled player. When he was 18 years old, he became a professional baseball player. In 1954, the Pittsburgh Pirates asked Clemente to play for their team. However, playing for the Pirates was not easy at first. Many of the other players treated Clemente poorly. Most of the players were white, and Clemente was a black. But his attitude and skill helped him become the leader of the team.‎ In 1971, Clemente's team competed in the final game of the Baseball World Series. By this time, Clemente was one of the oldest players on the team. However, he was also still one of the best. Clemente had been hurt all season. But he believed in his skill and in his team. He promised his team that they would win. Clemente kept his promise and the Pirates won the World Series.‎ After the World Series, Clemente became famous for more than just his baseball skills.‎ On December 23,1972, there was a big earthquake in Nicaragua. Clemente decided to go to Nicaragua himself and give supplies to people there. But Clemente never had a chance to do so. On December 31,1972, his airplane ‎ crashed over the ocean. Clemente was only 38 years old.‎ In his life, Roberto Clemente cared about many things. He loved baseball. He loved his country. And he loved helping other people. Clemente gave his life serving others. He died as a hero. One of his friends said, “If he had died as a baseball player, only people who love sports would remember him. But he died helping other people. And now people will remember him as someone who used his life to help others.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了来自波多黎各的著名棒球运动员罗伯托·克莱门特，他不仅球艺精湛还救困扶危。‎ ‎1．Clemente was badly treated in the Pirates because of ________.‎ A．his age　　　　　　　 　B．his race C．his poor skills D．his bad attitude 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Most of the players were white, and Clemente was a black.”可以推测，由于罗伯托·克莱门特是黑人，所以一开始在匹兹堡海盗队时受到不好的对待。‎ ‎2．During the final game of the World Series, Clemente ________.‎ A．was in good health B．let his team members down C．was the oldest player on his team D．was sure of winning the competition 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But he believed in his skill and in his team. He promised his team that they would win.”可知，在世界大赛的决赛时期，罗伯托·克莱门特对自己的球队信心满满。‎ ‎3．While trying to help people in Nicaragua, Clemente ________.‎ A．lost his life B．died in an earthquake C．gave up playing baseball D．gave supplies directly to them 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的描述可知，罗伯托·克莱门特想要亲自将赈灾物资送到灾区，然而却在途中意外坠机身亡，故选A项。‎ ‎4．The author writes the text to tell us that ________.‎ A．Clemente loved baseball more than his life B．Clemente was much more than a great baseball player C．the honor of Clemente was not easily won D．the story of Clemente was not just about a promise 解析：选B　写作意图题。作者在最后一段描述罗伯托·克莱门特不仅热爱棒球还热心助人，最后因助人而献身，并引用罗伯托·克莱门特朋友的话：“如果罗伯托·克莱门特仅仅是一名棒球运动员，那么只有热爱运动的人会记得他，但罗伯托·克莱门特舍己为人，全世界的人都将他铭记在心”。因此，作者旨在告诉我们：罗伯托·克莱门特不仅仅是一名出色的棒球运动员。‎ B Rock music in one form or another is the most popular type of music all over the world.But where did it come from?‎ Rock began in the USA in the early 1950s.At that time, “rhythm and blue” music was very popular with black Americans.“R&B” was a mixture of black religious music and jazz.It had strong rhythms that you could dance to and simple, fast words.‎ Noticing the success of R&B music, white musicians started to copy the same style.By the mid1950s, this new white R&B music, called rock 'n' roll, had become very popular.Singers like Elvis Presley and Bill Haley attracted millions of teenage fans.Their music was fast and loud.Many older people thought that rock 'n' roll was very dangerous.‎ By the early 1960s, even rock 'n' roll had become old fashioned.Many of the songs had begun to sound the same.It was at that time a new group from England became popular — the Beatles.‎ The Beatles first started by singing American style songs, but they soon developed their own style, with more complicated tunes.They also introduced different instruments.Groups like the Beatles had a very important influence on the style of popular music.‎ By the early 1970s, rock 'n' roll had developed into a new form of ‎ music.Electronics had replaced the amplified (放大的) guitars and drums of rock 'n' roll.“Rock” had arrived.‎ Rock music had continued to change and develop.It had combined with music from different parts of the world.Today, there are hundreds of different types of rock music, and almost every country has its own form of rock.‎ ‎5．When had rock 'n' roll become very popular?‎ A．By the mid1950s.　　 　B．By the early 1960s.‎ C．By the mid1960s. D．By the early 1970s.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第三段第二句“By the mid1950s, this new white R&B music, called rock 'n' roll, had become very popular.”可知答案。‎ ‎6．Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Beatles?‎ A．This was not an American group.‎ B．This group had their own style.‎ C．This group made American style songs popular.‎ D．The style of popular music had been influenced by this group.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。A、B、D三项所述均与文章第四、五段中的信息相符，这个乐队形成了自己的音乐风格，但并没有使美国的音乐风格流行起来，故选C项。‎ ‎7．It can be inferred from the passage that Elvis Presley and Bill Haley ________.‎ A．were singers of “R&B”‎ B．were singers in the mid1950s C．were members of the Beatles D．were popular with old people 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第三段第二、三句可知，像Elvis Presley 和Bill Haley这样的歌手很受美国年轻人喜爱，他们是美国20世纪50年代中期的歌手。‎ ‎8．What's the best title for the passage?‎ A．Popular Music B．The History of Rock Music C．Different Forms of Music in America D．The Beatles 解析：选B　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述了摇滚乐的发展史。‎ C Before January 2005, young girls couldn't play soccer in Katutura, a black township in Namibia, Africa. They had no soccer balls, no playing field, no shoes, and no leader. Each day, girls and boys gathered at the Nordkamp Center after school. Most of the boys would play soccer in a nearby dirt field while the girls remained at the center to jump rope or read books.‎ Center director Mary Beth Gallagher loved soccer and knew that the girls would love it, too. So she organized a girls' team with players under the age of 12. She knew it would be the youngest girls' soccer team in the whole country. Because they had no other girls' teams to compete with, Mary Beth arranged matches against the boys' teams. The boys were bigger and stronger, but the girls didn't back down.‎ Soon news spread about the Nordkamp girls' team. An American soccer team from New York heard about them and immediately sent all their uniforms and shoes to their “soccer sisters”. When the bright orange uniforms arrived, the Nordkamp girls danced happily.‎ ‎“You look like pumpkins，” Mary Beth said.‎ A girl's voice called out, “If we are pumpkins, we're beautiful pumpkins.”‎ With their new name the Pumpkins, the experienced team was ready for a big match.‎ On December 1,2006, the Pumpkins gathered and walked in a big orange line to a field near the Nordkamp Center. Their first opposing team laughed at the young players, but they didn't laugh for long. They quickly found ‎ out just how good the Pumpkins were. The Pumpkins beat that first team and then the next. These girls became famous, and their story was also encouraging to others in Namibia.‎ ‎9．Before January 2005, in Katutura ________.‎ A．kids preferred jumping rope to soccer B．there was no girls' soccer team C．boys had no place to play soccer D．girls often played soccer with boys 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第一段中的“Before January 2005, young girls couldn't play soccer ... They had no soccer balls, no playing field, no shoes, and no leader.”和第二段中的“So she organized a girls' team”可知，B项正确。‎ ‎10．As for the idea of girls playing soccer, Mary Beth might ________.‎ A．think little of it B．be doubtful of it C．feel hopeful about it D．be uncertain about it 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第二段中的“Mary Beth Gallagher loved soccer and knew that the girls would love it, too”可知，对于女孩子踢足球这件事情Mary Beth是满怀希望的，故选C项。‎ ‎11．Why was the Nordkamp girls' team called the Pumpkins?‎ A．Because of the color of its uniforms.‎ B．Because of the heights of its players.‎ C．Pumpkins are its players' favorite food.‎ D．Pumpkins always bring people good luck.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第三段的“the bright orange uniforms”和第四段的“You look like pumpkins”可知，由于她们队服的颜色看起来和南瓜的颜色一样，所以就被叫作南瓜队(the Pumpkins)了，故选A项。‎ ‎12．What can we learn from the girls' story?‎ A．All time is no time when it is past.‎ B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ C．Where there is a will, there is a way.‎ D．Selftrust is the first secret of success.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第二段中的“The boys were bigger and stronger, but the girls didn't back down.”和最后一段中的“The Pumpkins beat that first team and then the next.”可知，这些女孩不屈不挠，勇往直前，终于踢出了一片属于自己的天空，故选C项。‎ D Homelessness is a big problem across the world. Many people and organizations are working to solve it. Mel Young from Scotland and Harald Schmied from Austria are two such people. In 2001, the two men attended an international conference about the problem of homelessness. Later, they began to wonder if football could help solve the problem. In 2003, they decided to start the Homeless World Cup organization. It chooses and trains local homeless people for the yearly football competition. Today, about 500 people from almost 50 countries play in the Homeless World Cup. And the program is changing lives.‎ Damien is from Ireland. For many years, he struggled with drug addiction. But in 2006, he played for Ireland's Homeless World Cup team, and since then, he has been drug free!‎ Many of the Homeless Word Cup players, like Damien, have struggled with drug addiction. However, some players are homeless because of poverty. Alex is one of them. He says, “I was born in Mathare, the biggest, worst slum (贫民窟) in Kenya. I could not find anything to eat. Also schooling was a problem. My life started when I started playing football.” Football gave Alex joy. It taught him to work hard and helped him believe that he could achieve something.‎ Football can even help people who have experienced extreme tragedy. Najib, a young man from Afghanistan, has lived through much war. Many of his family members have died. But football has helped him survive. “It ‎ is only during the games that I do not think about my situation. I'm not interested in anything other than football and it's the only thing I desire，” Najib explains.‎ Drugs, poverty and war are common causes of homelessness. Playing in a football competition may not directly treat drug addiction, solve poverty or end war. But it can give people emotional strength and help them learn important life skills.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无家可归者世界杯的举办目的以及它是如何改变无家可归者的生活等内容。‎ ‎13．What do we know about the Homeless World Cup?‎ A．It is held every year.‎ B．It first took place in 2001.‎ C．It is the idea of two troubled football lovers.‎ D．It was introduced at an international conference.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the yearly football competition”可知，无家可归者世界杯每年举办一次。‎ ‎14．After playing in the Homeless World Cup, Alex ______.‎ A．gave up taking drugs B．began to live a rich life C．got a good school education D．became confident about the future 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中亚历克斯所说的“My life started when I started playing football.”以及“helped him believe that he could achieve something”可以推测，通过参加无家可归者世界杯比赛，亚历克斯对自己的未来充满了信心。‎ ‎15．What does the underlined word “desire” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A．Remember. B．Watch.‎ C．Want. D．Create.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“I'm not interested in anything ‎ other than football”以及足球对Najib的影响可知，他现在只想踢足球，别的事一概不想。故desire意为“渴望，想要”。‎ ‎16．What would be the best title for this text?‎ A．Football for everyone B．Last hope for the homeless C．End homelessness from now on D．Beat homelessness through football 解析：选D　标题归纳题。文章首段提到无家可归者世界杯在帮助人们改善他们的生活，接下来的主体部分通过三个不同的事例说明了这一点，末段又再次提到踢足球可以使人们变得更坚强。因此，D项内容概括了文章主旨，点出了文章的主题，即：通过足球比赛来应对并解决无家可归这一难题。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 Travis laughed as he tore at the wrapping paper on his birthday present. He was so __1__！ Finally, he would have the coolest pair of namebrand basketball shoes.‎ All the guys on his team were wearing the namebrand shoes of a popular basketball __2__， Chuck Hart. __3__ Hart was criticized for his poor sportsmanship and infamous __4__， he was a great player. In fact, Travis wasn't thinking about Hart's behavior; he had only expected to see Hart's __5__ on the side of the box. The first indication that something was __6__ came as he tore away the last piece of paper. Not Hart's. The new shoes were the namebrand of another player, Robert Ryann, who was __7__ for his amazing work in the community.‎ Travis's hands __8__； his heart stopped. It wasn't that the Ryann shoes weren't nice, but what would his friends think? They were the wrong shoes and Travis would be __9__ by the other players. When he looked up into his dad's eyes, however, Travis __10__ he would not tell him. “Thanks, Dad. I was really hoping for shoes，” Travis said as he pulled the shoes out of the box.‎ The next morning his dad drove him to school. When they __11__ in front ‎ of his destination, Travis slowly opened the car door. Just then, his dad stopped him. “Hey, Travis, wait a minute, look ...” his dad said __12__， “Travis, I know those aren't the shoes you had hoped for, but I saw the names of the two guys and made a(n) __13__. The guy whose name is on those shoes，” he said, pointing down at Travis's feet, “is someone I __14__. Do you know how often Ryann has found himself in __15__？”‎ ‎“No，” Travis said.‎ ‎“Never. He's never talked back to his coach or started a fight, and he's a team player. You could have acted like a(n) __16__ when you didn't get the shoes you wanted, Travis, but you were __17__ and made the best of it. You have such a good __18__， like the guy whose name is on these shoes. I'm hoping that someday, your name will be on the coolest pair of shoes I'll ever see.”‎ When Travis looked down at his feet, he saw the shoes __19__. His dad had used his mind and heart to give the son a thoughtful __20__.‎ 语篇解读：特拉维斯一直希望能有一双和队友们一样的印有球星查克·哈特名字的运动鞋，生日那天他却发现父亲给他买的是另一位球星代言的运动鞋，但是特拉维斯表现得很懂事。后来他父亲的一番话让他的思想发生了改变，对鞋子有了新的认识。‎ ‎1．A.surprised B．ashamed C．excited D．worried 解析：选C　根据第一句中的“Travis laughed ...”可知，当特拉维斯收到生日礼物时非常激动(excited)。故选C项。‎ ‎2．A.team B．player C．coach D．game 解析：选B　根据下文“Hart was criticized ... he was a great player.”可知，哈特是一名篮球运动员。故选B项。‎ ‎3．A.Unless B．If C．Because D．Although 解析：选D　根据语境可知，“Hart was criticized for his poor ‎ sportsmanship and infamous __4__(他由于差劲的体育精神和声名狼藉的行为受到人们指责)”和“he was a great player(他是一名了不起的运动员)”之间是让步关系，故选D项。although引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎4．A.skill B．performance C．behavior D．action 解析：选C　根据下文“In fact, Travis wasn't thinking about Hart's behavior ...”可知，特拉维斯不在乎哈特的行为(behavior)，只期望看到哈特的名字出现在盒子的侧面。此处为原词复现。故选C项。‎ ‎5．A.name B．photo C．sign D．model 解析：选A　根据下文的“Travis, I know ...，but I saw the names of the two guys ...”及倒数第二段中的“... like the guy whose name is on these shoes.”可知，此处指球星的名字。故选A项。‎ ‎6．A.strange B．wrong C．true D．funny 解析：选B　根据上文可知，特拉维斯收到生日礼物时非常兴奋，但此时看到的却不是他想要的由哈特代言的鞋子，所以他感到事情不对头(wrong)。故选B项。‎ ‎7．A.known B．encouraged C．adopted D．influenced 解析：选A　根据下文父亲的解释可知，罗伯特·瑞安也是非常有名的。known意为“出名的”，符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎8．A.fell B．froze C．shook D．folded 解析：选B　根据空后的“his heart stopped”可知，特拉维斯此时心情复杂，思索着如何去面对队友们，所以手也停止了(froze)动作。fall意为“落下；摔倒”；freeze意为“突然停住；呆住；冻结”；shake意为“摇晃”；fold意为“折叠”。根据语境可知选B项。‎ ‎9．A.questioned B．noticed C．teased D．attacked 解析：选C　根据上下文可知，队友们都穿由查克·哈特代言的运动鞋，而作者的鞋子却是由罗伯特·瑞安代言的，结合上一句“...but what would his friends think？”可知，他穿错了鞋，队友们可能会戏弄(teased)他。故选C项。‎ ‎10．A.hoped B．believed C．decided D．wished 解析：选C　根据上文的“...but what would his friends think？”可知，特拉维斯担心自己会被队友戏弄，但根据下文的“however”及他对父亲说的话可知，特拉维斯怕父亲伤心，所以他决定(decided)不能让父亲知道他的失望。故选C项。‎ ‎11．A.pulled up B．put up C．took up D．turned up 解析：选A　根据空后的“Travis slowly opened the car door”可知，此处指车子停下来。pull up意为“使车停下”，符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎12．A.peacefully B．hesitantly C．delightedly D．naturally 解析：选B　从父亲说的话“Hey，Travis, wait a minute，look ...”中的省略号判断，父亲此时在想如何给孩子解释这件事，因此说得很犹豫(hesitantly)。故选B项。‎ ‎13．A.choice B．effort C．comment D．mistake 解析：选A　根据父亲的解释可知，父亲是从特拉维斯喜欢的鞋子和他自己喜欢的鞋子中选了一双。make a choice意为“作出选择”，符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎14．A.believe B．miss C．admire D．remember 解析：选C　根据下文中的“He's never talked back to his coach or started a fight”可知，罗伯特·瑞安是个品质高尚且有团队精神的运动员，父亲希望特拉维斯也成为这样的人，所以父亲应该是钦佩(admire)罗伯特·瑞安。故选C项。‎ ‎15．A.danger B．surprise C．sorrow D．trouble 解析：选D　根据下文“Never. He's never talked back to his coach or started a fight, and he's a team player.”可知，罗伯特·瑞安从不和教练顶嘴，从不打架，所以从不惹麻烦(trouble)。故选D项。‎ ‎16．A.teammate B．adult C．kid D．student 解析：选C　根据常识，孩子收到不喜欢的生日礼物时，一般会表现出不高兴，但特拉维斯却非常克制，丝毫没有表现出失望的样子。由此可推测，此处指当收到不喜欢的鞋子时，特拉维斯本可以表现得像个孩子(kid)一样。故选C项。‎ ‎17．A.upset B．rude C．polite D．glad 解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处“but you were __17__ and made the best of it”和上文是转折关系，因此，本空应填一个褒义词，从上文中的“Thanks, Dad. I was really hoping for shoes”可知，特拉维斯是个懂事的孩子，所以应该是很有礼貌的(polite)。故选C项。‎ ‎18．A.quality B．courage C．dream D．belief 解析：选A　根据前一句“...but you were __17__ and made the best of it.”可知，特拉维斯很懂事，因此，此处指他拥有如此好的品质(quality)。故选A项。‎ ‎19．A.clearly B．carefully C．patiently D．differently 解析：选D　当收到鞋子时，特拉维斯担心会无法面对队友，但经过父亲的解释，他改变了想法，因此，看鞋时的心态便不一样了(differently)。故选D项。‎ ‎20．A.gift B．look C．hope D．lesson 解析：选A　根据第一段第一句中的“on his birthday present”可知，此处指父亲用心为儿子准备了一份生日礼物(gift)。故选A项。‎