2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十)记叙文之空间顺序——“移步换景”巧解题

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十)记叙文之空间顺序——“移步换景”巧解题

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(二十) 记叙文之空间顺序——“移步换景”巧解题 记叙文中的空间(地点)顺序一般指在同一个时间背景下，不同地点、不同场景发生的事情。“移步换景”是此类记叙文的明显特点，文章中的情节随着地点的更迭变换而跌宕起伏。因此，此类记叙文中地点多、情节较复杂，阅读此类文章可采用“移步换景”法，即一边阅读、一边标注出在不同地点发生了什么事情，进而从整体上把握全文内容。‎ ‎[移步⇨地点更迭变换]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018•天津卷•B篇 ‎[换景⇒情节变化发展]‎ 地点1‎ 地点2‎ 地点3‎ 地点4‎ 地点5‎ 地点6‎ 地点7‎ 地点8‎ 地点9‎ ‎[1]When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address？” “No, but I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.”‎ ‎[2]“Oh, stop. There it is！”‎ ‎[3]The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.‎ ‎[4]“May I help you？” a man asked. “No，” I said.“We’re fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy (爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. “Where do you think you are？” he asked. I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum！” He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.” “What’s this place？” I asked, still confused. “Well, it’s our home.” My heart jolted (震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out，“Sally! Come down immediately！”‎ ‎[5]“There’s some really good stuff (艺术作品) up there.” She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, “Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.” Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.‎ ‎[6]The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we ‎ 换景1：鲁莽之行——地点1‎ 作者读到一篇文章，于是急匆匆地和好友一起去找杂志中提到的博物馆。‎ ‎(可解第41题)‎ 换景2：不速之客——地点2‎ 作者到达“博物馆”，“馆”内有人。‎ 换景3：懵懂之中——地点3、4‎ 作者发现自己弄错了地方，来到了别人的家里。‎ ‎(可解第42、43题)‎ 换景4：尴尬离开——地点5、6‎ 作者尴尬地和女主人搭讪，并呼唤好友下楼，出去之后告诉了好友发生的事。‎ 换景5：心仪之地——地点7‎ 作者找到了真正的博物馆，看到了名家名作，但却感到不安。(可解第44题)‎ 换景6：事后回顾——地点8‎ ‎30年之后作者偶遇 stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.‎ ‎[7]Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum？”‎ ‎[8]“Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone.”‎ ‎[9]“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I’ve always wanted to thank you.”‎ 一位女性，对方提到作者的那次经历。‎ 换景7：无心插柳——地点9‎ 作者那次鲁莽之行，改变了当时小女孩对家的感情。(可解第45题)‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎41.What do we know about ？‎ A. She was a painter. ‎ B. She was a community leader. ‎ C. She was a museum director. ‎ D. She was a journalist.‎ ‎41.由题干中的关键词Marian McNay定位到第一段。根据“换景1”中的“a watercolorist named Marian McNay”可知，Marian McNay是一位painter (画家)。‎ ‎42.Why did the author refuse the help from the man ？‎ A. She disliked people who were nosy. ‎ B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers. ‎ C. She knew more about art than the man. ‎ D. She mistook him for a tour guide.‎ ‎42.由题干中的关键词in the house可定位到第四段。根据“换景3”中的“Tour guides got on my nerves.(导游让我紧张)”可知，“我”把那个人误认为是导游了。‎ ‎43.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people ？‎ A. Puzzled.　　　　B．Concerned. ‎ C. Frightened. D．Delighted.‎ ‎43.由题干中的关键词in the hall可定位到第四段。根据“换景3”中“我”被那些人盯着时的疑惑“What was their problem？”及后文中的“still confused”可知，“我”感到很困惑(puzzled)。‎ ‎44.Why did the author describe in just a few words？‎ A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her. ‎ B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.‎ C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.‎ D. The event happening in the house was more significant.‎ ‎44.由题干中的关键词the real McNay museum可定位到第六段。根据“换景5”可知，作者和朋友来到真正的McNay博物馆，但是她们一直觉得紧张，害怕又出现先前那种不同寻常的事，由此推断，作者不是重点描述McNay博物馆，而是描述这次突发事件带来的影响。‎ ‎45.What could we learn from ？‎ ‎45.由题干中的关键词定位到最后一段，从“换景7”中那位女 A. People should have good taste to enjoy life. ‎ B. People should spend more time with their family. ‎ C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them. ‎ D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.‎ 士的话“在你造访之前，我从未意识到我住的是个多么美丽的地方”可推知，人们往往对自己身边的美丽视而不见。‎ ‎[答案]　41.A　42.D　43.A　44.D　45.C ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 Asking for help is a sign of strength rather than weakness.In American culture, the independent individual is seen as their ideal.As the University of Missouri at St.Louis states on its website under the heading Key American Values, “Americans have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destinies.” The value also makes them think they can do everything themselves, and makes them feel badly about asking for help when they need it.‎ And when it comes to work situations, when they think about asking for help there, sometimes they fear that a request for help would make them look inept.While this has always been true for men, many women in the workplace have felt the need to try twice as hard as their male colleagues and do twice as much to get just as far and to prove their worth.Sometimes when we think about asking for help, our inner voices tell us, “See, if you admit you can’t do this on your own, they’ll see you for the imposter (骗子) you really are.”‎ But the fact is, even though individualism is on the rise, we can’t do everything by ourselves and we shouldn’t try.‎ Apple founder Steve Jobs once told the Santa Clara Valley Historical Association about the power of asking for help, and how he “never found anybody who didn’t want to help me when I asked them for help”．He said, at the age of 12, he called Bill Hewlett, cofounder of HewlettPackard, on the phone after getting his number from the phone book and asking him for spare parts so he could build a frequency counter (计频器)．And Hewlett agreed and offered young Jobs a summer job assembling frequency counters.‎ ‎“If you’re afraid of failing, you won’t get very far，” Jobs said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。很多人担心求助别人会让别人笑话自己没有能力，因此不愿求助他人，导致他们忽视了求助可能带来的预想不到的效果。‎ ‎1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A．What key American values are.‎ B．Why Americans refuse to ask for help.‎ C．Asking for help is a sign of strength.‎ D．Americans are responsible for their life.‎ 解析：选B　段落大意题。本段第一句指出了本文的主旨大意，但是接着话锋一转，讲到在美国，由于受到传统文化的影响，人们一般都不愿求助于人，本段主要解释了“美国人为什么一般都不愿求助于人”这个问题。‎ ‎2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “inept” in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Impolite. B．Identical.‎ C．Incompetent. D．Inappropriate.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据本段画线词前后的内容尤其是“to get just as far and to prove their worth”可知，此处指请求帮助会使他们看起来没有能力胜任某项工作。‎ ‎3．What can be learned from this US cultural phenomenon?‎ A．Americans suffer a lot from mutual distrust.‎ B．Americans see weakness as a sign of strength.‎ C．Americans should learn to build up confidence.‎ D．Americans lay emphasis on individual values.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，美国人的这种有事不求助于人的现象，反映了美国人对个人价值的崇尚。‎ ‎4．What can we learn from Jobs’ words in the last paragraph?‎ A．Don’t hesitate to ask for assistance.‎ B．Be brave to try whatever you want.‎ C．Failure is the mother of success.‎ D．Learn to cooperate with others.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段Jobs说的话，再结合上一段的内容可知，不要害怕失败，要敢于求助。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 For most fourteenyearold girls living in a border town, the world revolves around quinceaneras (celebrations of a girl’s fifteenth birthday). __1__ there was no mention of such a(n) __2__ in my household. Whenever anyone asked __3__ I was having a “quince”， my response was always, “I’m saving up for a car.” I __4__ convinced myself that was true until that night when I __5__ at my friend’s quinceanera.‎ I went home early from the party, and although I tried to __6__ my red eyes, my mother could tell something was __7__. I did not want to __8__， but what I feared most about telling her the truth was that I didn’t want her to think I was __9__.You see, it’s pretty selfserving to __10__a silly party when your dad is __11__.‎ I finally admitted everything. I __12__ with my mom that I wanted to have my own fatherdaughter __13__. My dad had been diagnosed (诊断) with cancer and given five months to __14__.By this time, he was in a wheelchair.‎ My mother __15__ the little bit of jewelry she owned, and borrowed money from friends in order to __16__ enough money for my quinceanera. In two weeks we got __17__ prepared for the party. My friends __18__ with me in our beautiful dresses on December 7th, six months before my actual fifteenth birthday.‎ As the __19__ started, my mom pushed my dad’s wheelchair toward where I stood waiting. My dad asked her to stop and __20__ raised himself from the chair and took my hand for the first and last waltz (华尔兹) we would share.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在这个边陲小镇，女孩的15岁生日是非常重要的，因为这一天，她将和父亲跳自己人生的第一支舞。然而不幸的是，“我”的父亲身患癌症，将不久于人世……‎ ‎1．A.Yet　　　　　　　　　　 　B．Thus C．Then D．Indeed 解析：选A　“the world revolves around quinceaneras”和“there was no mention of ...in my household”之间是转折关系，故此处填Yet。‎ ‎2．A.task B．show C．event D．accident 解析：选C　联系上文中的“the world revolves around quinceaneras”和下文中的“party”可知，这一“事件(event)”在“我”家从未被提及。‎ ‎3．A.if B．why C．where D．how 解析：选A　下文中的“I’m saving up for a car”是对别人询问“我”“是否(if)”要举办这一活动的委婉回答。‎ ‎4．A.still B．again C．just D．even 解析：选D　I’m saving up for a car本来只是“我”敷衍别人的借口，但说得多了，“甚至(even)”使自己都相信了。‎ ‎5．A.tried B．cried C．sang D．reported 解析：选B　根据下文中的“my red eyes”可知，“我”那天在朋友的生日舞会上“哭(cried)”了。‎ ‎6．A.touch B．rest C．open D．hide 解析：选D　根据下文中的“I did not want to ... what I feared most about telling her the truth ...”可知，“我”努力不让家人看到自己哭红的眼睛。hide“隐藏”，符合语境。‎ ‎7．A.possible B．useless C．wrong D．important 解析：选C　根据上文中的“my red eyes”可知，母亲看出了“我”的“不对劲(wrong)”。‎ ‎8．A.lie B．stay C．believe D．accept 解析：选A　根据下文中的“but what I feared most about telling her the truth was that I didn’t want her to think I was ...”可知，“我”不想“撒谎(lie)”。‎ ‎9．A.stupid B．selfish C．sensitive D．stubborn 解析：选B　根据下文中的“it’s pretty selfserving”可知，“我”不想让母亲觉得自己很“自私(selfish)”。‎ ‎10．A.support B．leave C．throw D．attend 解析：选C　根据下文中的“In two weeks ...prepared for the party”可知，此处指“举办(throw)”一场生日舞会。‎ ‎11．A.dying B．sleeping C．working D．reading 解析：选A　根据下文中的“My dad had been diagnosed (诊断) with cancer and given five months ...”可知，父亲病得很重，即将“离世(dying)”。‎ ‎12．A.argued B．shared C．discussed D．agreed 解析：选B　根据下文中的“I wanted to have my own fatherdaughter ...”可知，“我”把自己的想法“告诉(shared)”了妈妈。‎ ‎13．A.days B．talks C．secret D．dance 解析：选D　根据下文中的“My dad ...took my hand for the first and last waltz (华尔兹) we would share”可知，“我”想和父亲“跳舞(dance)”。‎ ‎14．A.relax B．practice C．live D．express 解析：选C　根据上文中的“My dad had been diagnosed (诊断) with cancer”可知，父亲的“生命(live)”只能再维持五个月了。‎ ‎15．A.lost B．sold C．put on D．showed off 解析：选B　根据下文中的“borrowed money”可知，母亲“卖(sold)”掉了她仅有的那点首饰。‎ ‎16．A.earn B．raise C．donate D．change 解析：选B　根据下文中的“we got ...prepared for the party”可知，母亲为了给“我”举办生日舞会“筹(raise)”钱。‎ ‎17．A.nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 解析：选D　根据下文中的“My friends ... in our beautiful dresses on December 7th, six months before my actual fifteenth birthday.”可知，两周以后，生日舞会“一切(everything)”就绪。‎ ‎18．A.played B．walked C．studied D．gathered 解析：选D　根据上文中的“party”可知，朋友们和“我”穿着漂亮的裙子“聚(gathered)”在一起。‎ ‎19．A.race B．game C．music D．concert 解析：选C　根据下文中的“the first and last waltz (华尔兹) we would share”可知，随着“音乐(music)”响起，母亲推着父亲的轮椅向“我”走来。‎ ‎20．A.slowly B．suddenly C．unwillingly D．hopelessly 解析：选A　根据上文中的“My dad had been diagnosed (诊断) with cancer”和“my mom pushed my dad’s wheelchair”可知，父亲“慢慢地(slowly)”从轮椅上站了起来。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019•石家庄二模)The Great Wall was listed as a World Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.Just like a dragon, it winds up and down across deserts, grasslands and mountains, __1__ (run) approximately 21,196 kilometers from east to west.‎ The __2__ (construct) of the Great Wall was not that easy, __3__ drew heavily on the local resources for building materials.The walls were __4__ (original) built in the Spring & Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.Emperor Qin Shi Huang succeeded in his effort to have them joined together.Since then, the Great Wall __5__ (serve) as a monument of the Chinese nation throughout history.‎ With __6__ history of about 2,700 years, some parts of the Great Wall are now __7__ ruins or have disappeared.However, the Great Wall of China is still one of the most appealing __8__ (attraction) all around the world owing to its historical significance.The bestknown part of the Great Wall of China, Badaling, __9__ (locate) 43 miles northwest of Beijing, attracts thousands of national and foreign tourists every day.‎ Today, the Great Wall __10__ (recognize) as one of the most impressive architectural achievements in history.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要对中国历史文化古迹——长城进行了介绍。‎ ‎1．running　考查非谓语动词。run和句子谓语winds之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，且和句子主语it构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎2．construction　考查名词。根据The和介词of可知，此处用名词，作句子主语。‎ ‎3．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处用which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，从句修饰先行词construction。‎ ‎4．originally　考查副词。此处用副词originally修饰动词built，在句子中作状语。‎ ‎5．has served　考查动词时态。根据Since then可知，此处用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。‎ ‎6．a　考查冠词。此处history作“历史”讲为可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎7．in　考查介词。in ruins意为“破败不堪”，故用介词in。‎ ‎8．attractions　考查名词复数。根据语境可知，attraction在此处意为“吸引人之物”，为可数名词，又因空前有one of，故此处用其复数形式attractions。‎ ‎9．located　考查非谓语动词。locate和句子谓语attracts之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和句子主语Badaling之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎10．is recognized　考查动词的时态和语态。recognize和句子主语the Great Wall之间为被动关系，又因句子时间状语为Today，故用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 This Spring Festival, I went to Sydney for the trip with my grandma.We appreciated its beautiful and witnessed Chinese Style everywhere.The instant when we stepped in the hotel, we were surprised to find them decorated with red Chinese lanterns.And we were greeting with “Happy Chinese New Year”．Our first destination was the worldfamous Sydney Opera House, in front of it stood a giant lantern of dog, remind visitors of the Chinese New Year.Delighted but excited, Grandma had a photo taken with it.Surprised the festive atmosphere, I shared some pictures on WeChat with the words “Chinese Style Everywhere”．Immediate, I got 60 Likes! We were proud of the increasing influence of China.‎ 答案：第一句：the→a 第二句：beautiful→beauty 第三句：去掉when; them→it 第四句：greeting→greeted 第五句：it→which; remind→reminding 第六句：but→and 第七句：surprised后加at或by 第八句：Immediate→Immediately