河南省开封市2021届高三上学期第一次模拟英语试试题 Word版含解析

河南省开封市2021届高三上学期第一次模拟英语试试题 Word版含解析

开封市 2021 届高三第一次模拟考试 英语 本试卷分第 I 卷（选择题）和第 II 卷（非选择题）两部分，考生作答时，将答 案答在答题卡上（答题注意事项见答题卡），考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡 一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分 听力（共两节书，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分;满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话治有一个'小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最 佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的 时间来回答有关小题 和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15 答案是 C. 1. What does the woman need to buy for skiing? A. Gloves. B. A scarf. C. Sunglasses. 2. What is the man doing? A. Reading a book. B. Sleeping. C. Playing games. 3. Why can't the man go to the concert on Friday night? A. He will go to see a movie. B. He will eat with his cousins. C. He will be away in downtown. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At a doctor's. B. At a police station. C. At a supermarket. 5. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. How to sort out rubbish. B. How to. ensure city safety. t C. How to protect the environment. 第三节（共 15/h 题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下 0.5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的;A、B、 C 三个 选项中选出最佳项；并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你 将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。 每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料;回答第 6，7 题。 6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter. C. Glassmates. 7. Which class did the girl like best? A. English. B. Art. C. Chemistry. 听第 7 段材料，個答第 8、9 题。 8. What does the girl think of the visit to the weather forecasting station? A. Meaningful. B. Tiring. C. Worthless. 9. Which place did the girl go to last year? A. A museum. B. A garden. C. A sports center. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. How might Karen feel about Jim's present? A. Bored. B. Satisfied. C. Surprised. 11. What will the man give Karen? A. A DVD. B. A book. C. A necklace. 12. What will the woman do tomorrow? A. Go shopping with the man. B. Attend Karen’s party; C. Pick up the man. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. What is the woman’s opimori oh Mark Twain's biography? A. It's informative. B. It's difficult. C. It's boring. 14. Which place inspired the fictional town in Mark Twain's book? A. New Orleans. B. Hannibal. C. New York City. 15. What happened to Mark Twain in 1859? A. He met Horace. B. He left his hometown. C. He became a steamboat pilot. 16. How did Mark Twain get his pen name? A. It came from his job. B. It was given by his father. C. It was suggested by pilot Horace. 听第 10.段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. Why can the speaker find ships quickly? A. He teams the history of ships from books. B. He user the latest equipment. C. He is a professional driver. 18. What is the speaker's book about? A. Some professional drivers. B. His hobbies. C. Fishermen's experiences. 19. What is the speaker doing now? A. Looking for the history of The Seabird. B. Trying to get gold from a sunken ship. C. Doing research on rocks. 20. How did the speaker learn to dive? A. By joining a diving club. B. By going on a diving holiday. C. By teaching himself. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 A The OECD is a global economic forum working with 38 member countries (including UK, US, Canada, Australia, Belgium, etc.) and more than 100 emerging and developing economies to make better policies for better lives. Our mission is to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world. We provide a unique forum in which governments work together to share experiences on what drives economic, social and environmental changes, seeking solutions to common problems. We aim to improve our efficiency and effectiveness; staff members are encouraged to actively contribute to this goal. What do Young Professionals do? The Young Professionals Program (YPP) brings talented young professionals into the OECD to work and develop their career with the guidance of senior colleagues. The Program lasts two years during which our Young Professionals (YPs) work with experienced and enthusiastic people, representatives of a rich diversity of cultures, languages and professional backgrounds. They work with senior national policy makers who participate in the OECD's technical and policy meetings each year. Are you an ideal candidate for this Program? First, to be qualified, you must satisfy these 2 criteria: • be born on or after 30 September 1989 (exceptions will be made for nationals of OECD member countries which have compulsory military service） • have an OECD member country nationality Then you should have: • an advanced academic degree in a subject of relevance to the OECD's work • a minimum of two years’ full time professional experience in related fields for candidates with Master's degree（s） • strong quantitative and analytical skills demonstrated by academic achievement • knowledge of country policies and institutions and an understanding of political and reform processes For more information, please contact us at www. oecd. org/social-media. 1. What is special about OECD? A. It's a website working for 38 countries. B. It establishes some policies beneficial to economy. C. It is aimed at improving the economic situations globally. D. It offers more job opportunities to those loving sharing experiences. 2. What can we learn about Young Professionals? A. They're young and really smart. B. They're talented and rich experienced. C. They're skilled people in a certain area. D. They're gifted young people in a specific field. 3. Who is qualified to apply for YPP? A. A 26-year-old American accountant. B. A 34-year-old Canadian doctor. C. A 31-year-old economics PHD. D. A 35-year-old Australian teacher. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要内容是经合组织招贤纳士的广告。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The OECD is a global economic forum working with 38 member countries (including UK, US, Canada, Australia, Belgium, etc.) and more than 100 emerging and developing economies to make better policies for better lives.”（经合组织是一个全球经济论坛， 与 38 个成员国(包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、比利时等)和 100 多个新兴和发展中 经济 体合作 ，为改 善生活 制定更 好的政 策。）和 “We provide a unique forum in which governments work together to share experiences on what drives economic, social and environmental changes, seeking solutions to common problems.”（我们提供了一个独特的论坛， 让各国政府共同努力，分享推动经济、社会和环境变化的经验，寻求解决共同问题的办法。） 可知，这个组织的特别之处在于它的目的是改善全球的经济状况。故选 C。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 What do Young Professionals do?部分的“The Young Professionals Program (YPP) brings talented young professionals into the OECD to work and develop their career with the guidance of senior colleagues.”（青年专业人员计划将有才华 的年轻专业人员引入经合组织，在资深同事的指导下工作和发展自己的职业生涯。）以及 “with experienced and enthusiastic people, representatives of a rich diversity of cultures, languages and professional backgrounds.”（与经验丰富、热情高涨的人士 合作，他们代表着丰富多样的文化、语言和专业背景）可知，他们是在某一特定领域有天赋 的年轻人。故选 D。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Are you an ideal candidate for this Program?部分的“be born on or after 30 September 1989”（1989 年 9 月 30 日或之后出生）和“a minimum of two years’ full time professional experience in related fields for candidates with Master's degree（s）”（硕士学位候选人在相关领域至少两年的全职专业工作经验）可知，年龄需 要小于 31（2020-1989）周岁，且有工作经验。A 项：26 岁的美国会计师。符合要求。故选 A。 B Frightful had not been quite two weeks old when she first saw Sam Gribley. Small as she was, she had attacked him as he carried her to the ground. "I'm going to call you Frightful,'' he had said. Then he carried her to a tree. This was Sam's home. He fed her four and five times a day. Before long, Frightful thought of him as her mother. He cared for her like a peregrine falcon （游隼） mother would. When she was older, Sam made a perch （栖木）for her and placed her on it. He taught her to fly to his hand. When she was full-grown, he took her hunting with him. At night and on winter days, she perched on his bedstead and warmed herself by the fireplace. On summer days, she would sit on her perch outside and watch the birds and busy Sam. Patiently she waited for him to take her hunting. It was her greatest pleasure. She loved the sky and the winds. Frightful was an excellent hunter who rarely missed. The food was shared. Their lives depended on each other. Frightful wanted to fly but she could not see. Blindfolded, she had traveled with two strange men for several days. One of them had taken her from the perch beside the tree. She looked at him before he covered her head. She must find Sam again now. Sam had begged the man not to take her away, but he had pushed Sam aside and earned her. A door had closed, and she was inside a truck. The motor was moving. A falcon bell tinkled （叮 当作响） nearby. A sharp-shinned hawk （条纹鹰）had shifted his feet. A prairie falcon called out a single note. They, like herself, were sensing the direction of the moving car. Several feedings later, the second man put Frightful on a perch in a forest. The prairie falcon and sharp-shinned hawk were there, too. Although they would readily attack her, she was not afraid of them. Frightful was a peregrine falcon. She was faster than any other bird. Her long pointed wings, wide shoulders, and strong body were sculpted by the wind, the open sky, and the nature of her ancestral birds. 4. What was Frightful like when Sam met her for the first time? A. Big. B. Cute. C. Weak. D. Aggressive. 5. What did Frightful think of Sam? A. She feared him. B. She felt he was cruel. C. She considered him as her family. D. She thought he made her work hard. 6. What happened to Frightful later? A. She attacked robbers. B. She had a narrow escape. C. She was taken away from Sam. D. She was sold to strangers by Sam. 7. What will Frightful probably do next? A. Learn how to fly faster. B. Try to come back to Sam. C. Fight against the two men. D. Get on well with other birds. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Sam 和一只名叫 Frightful 的游隼的故事。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Frightful had not been quite two weeks old when she first saw Sam Gribley. Small as she was, she had attacked him as he carried her to the ground.”（Frightful 第一次见到萨姆·格里布利时还不到两个星期。她个子虽小，却在他把她抱到地上时袭击了 他。）可推知，Frightful 第一次见到 Sam 时有侵略性。故选 D。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He fed her four and five times a day. Before long, Frightful thought of him as her mother. He cared for her like a peregrine falcon mother would.”（他一天喂 她四、五次。不久以后，她把他当作她的母亲。他像游隼妈妈一样照顾她。）可知，Frightful 认为 Sam 是家人。故选 C。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第七段“Sam had begged the man not to take her away, but he had pushed Sam aside and earned her.”（萨姆曾央求那个男人不要把她带走，但他却把萨姆推到一边，抓 住了她。）可知，她被人从萨姆身边带走了。故选 C。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“She must find Sam again now.”（她现在必须再找到萨姆。） 和文章最后一段“Frightful was a peregrine falcon. She was faster than any other bird. Her long pointed wings, wide shoulders, and strong body were sculpted by the wind, the open sky, and the nature of her ancestral birds.”（Frightful 是一只游隼。她跑得比其他任何鸟都快。她那又长又 尖的翅膀、宽阔的肩膀和强壮的身体，都是由风、开阔的天空和她祖先鸟类的天性所塑造的。） 可推知，Frightful 可能会回到 Sam 身边。故选 B。 C Boredom is something to experience. If kids don't figure this out early on, they're in for an unpleasant surprise. School, let's face it, can be dull and it isn't actually the teacher's job to entertain as well as educate. - In a much-read story, The Relentlessness of Modem Parenting, Claire Cain Miller referred to a recent study that found regardless of class, income or race, parents believed that "children who were bored after school should take part in extracurricular activities, and that parents who were busy should stop their task and draw with their children if asked." Parents preparing for a long car ride are like army officers planning a complex land maneuver （(演 习)）with the help of games and movies played on iPad and smartphones. What did parents in the 1970s do when kids were bored? Nothing! They let them breathe in gas fumes. And since it wasn't actually for wearing, play with the broken safety belt. If you complained about being bored back then, you were really asking for it. "Clean your room," you might get. Was this fun? No. Was it helpful? Yes. Because things happen when you're bored. Some of the most boring jobs I've had were also the most creative. While checking out food at the supermarket, I invented stories about people's purchases. The man buying eggplant and a six-pack of beer at 9 p.m.: Which was the must-get thing and which the impulse purchase? How did my former fifth-grade teacher feel about my observing her weekly purchase of cookies? The ability to handle boredom, not surprisingly, is associated with the ability to focus. Research has shown that people with attention disorders are particularly poor in handling boredom. It's especially important that kids get bored and be allowed to stay bored when they be young. It shouldn't be considered "a problem" to be avoided or removed by the higher-ups, but instead something kids handle on their own. We've stopped training children to do this. Rather than teach them to understand material that is duller, teachers spend more time inventing ways to "attract" students. But surely teaching children to stand boredom will prepare them for a more realistic future. 8. What is the finding of the study mentioned by Claire Cain Miller? A. School kids find it hard to stand boredom. B. People are too busy to draw with their kids. C. Extracurricular activities are gaining popularity. D. Parents are trying their best to make their kids have fun. 9. What did parents in the 1970s usually do when kids were bored on a long car ride? A. They played with them. B. They left them alone. C. They told them about famous movies. D. They asked them to pay attention to safety. 10. Why does the author share her experience at the supermarket? A. To show customers' purchasing habits. B. To show what a difficult life she was living. C. To show boredom and jobs go hand in hand. D. To show the link between boredom and creativity. 11. What would be the best title for the text? A. Kids have enough fun B. Life is a boring journey C. Let kids get bored again D. Turn boredom into entertainment 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述实验和自身经历说明需要教会孩子们忍受无聊。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“children who were bored after school should take part in extracurricular activities, and that parents who were busy should stop their task and draw with their children if asked”（放学后感到无聊的孩子应该参加课外活动，而忙碌的家长如果被要 求，应该停下手中的工作，和孩子一起画画）可知，Claire Cain Miller 提及的 研究发现父母尽他们最大的努力让他们的孩子有乐趣。故选 D。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句第三句“What did parents in the 1970s do when kids were bored? Nothing! ”（上世纪 70 年代，当孩子们无聊时，父母们会做什么?什么都不做!）可知， 上世纪 70 年代父母在孩子们无聊时不会管他们。故选 B。 3.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句第二句“Because things happen when you're bored. Some of the most boring jobs I've had were also the most creative. ”（因为当你无聊的时候，事情就会发 生。我所做过的一些最无聊的工作却也是最有创造力的。）可知，作者分享自己在超市的经 历的目的是展示无聊和创造力之间的联系。故选 D。 4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后两句“Rather than teach them to understand material that is duller, teachers spend more time inventing ways to "attract" students. But surely teaching children to stand boredom will prepare them for a more realistic future.”（老师们花更多的时间发明方法 来“吸引”学生，而不是教他们去理解那些枯燥无味的材料。但毫无疑问，教会孩子们忍受无 聊会让他们为更现实的未来做好准备。）可知，本文的主要意图是提倡教会孩子们忍受无聊。 所以短文的最佳标题为“许孩子们感到无聊”。故选 C。 D "Italians don't get fat" is a popular saying used to describe Italian food and lifestyle. Italians are famously devoted to their great food, yet their obesity rate is really low compared with other countries. Many studies have found that an Italian diet has numerous health benefits, from reducing the risk of cancer and heart disease to living a healthier, longer life. However, something must be getting lost in translation. Many Italian foods are everything but healthy. On a recent trip to my homeland, Italy, I decided to see for myself why the Italians don't get fat. My trip started where my family lives, in the northern Italy, and ended 15 days later on the Amalfi coast. It quickly became very clear that the Italians know how to really enjoy the experience of eating. They socialize and relax while dining over dinner. Before and after dinner, most people in Italy walk through town, called passeggiata. People walk together, talking and keeping alive a valued tradition. Many people in Italy aren't regardful about calories because they usually stop eating when they are full. Italians, also lead active lifestyle, with lots of bike riding or walking, mostly in urban areas. Moreover, they usually satisfy a sweet tooth with fruits instead of sweet desserts. Italians simply balance the quality and quantity of foods. People in Italy enjoy the fat, but they don't overdo it. What I personally like the most is that the kitchen secrets are passed along from generation to generation, little children can always be found in the kitchen with their mammas ——learning from them. Italians learn to eat well and just enjoy something sweet on occasion. How right they are! Because when people go on diets, they usually get depressed and gain even more weight. An Italian mealtime should be a relaxed occasion enjoyed in the great company of family or friends. Cooking at home and avoiding restaurant food are some of the reasons why Italians don't get fat. So, always choose homemade food and try to be active after eating. If you don't have time or don't want to leave the house, there are many healthy exercises that you can do at home. 12. What does the author say about Italian food? A. It is healthy. B. It contains high fat. C. It helps people lose weight. D. It lowers the risks of various diseases. 13. Why did the author go back home? A. She missed her family. B. She wanted to have a rest. C. She planned to travel in her hometown. D. She decided to find the secret of Italian diets. 14. What does the underlined word “regardful”in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Concerned. B. Satisfied. C. Doubtful. D. Frightened. 15. Why do Italians never get fat? A. They seldom eat out. B. They don't have a sweet tooth. C. They avoid taking a passeggiata. D. They control fat they take in strictly. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是为什么意大利人吃的食物富含高脂肪仍不会胖的原因，作者 经过研究观察后发现意大利人虽然使用高脂肪食物，但是会控制摄入食物的量，并且不会发 胖也与他们健康的生活方式也息息相关。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Many studies have found that an Italian diet has numerous health benefits, from reducing the risk of cancer and heart disease to living a healthier, longer life. However, something must be getting lost in translation. Many Italian foods are everything but healthy.(许多研究发现，意大利饮食对健康有很多好处，从降低患癌症和心脏病的风险到更 健康、更长寿。然而，在翻译过程中，一定会遗漏一些东西。许多意大利食物完全不健康。)” 可知A,C,D三项表达错误，结合第六段“Italians simply balance the quality and quantity of foods. People in Italy enjoy the fat, but they don't overdo it.(意大利人只是简单地平衡食物的质量和数 量。意大利人喜欢吃高脂肪食物，但不会过量食用。)”可推知意大利食物含高脂肪，故选 B 项。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“On a recent trip to my homeland, Italy, I decided to see for myself why the Italians don't get fat.(在最近一次回到我的祖国意大利的旅行中，我决定亲自去看看为什么 意大利人不会变胖。)”可知作者回家的目的是为了了解为什么意大利人吃这些食物不会发 胖，由此推断作者想要找出意大利饮食的秘密，故选 D 项。 【14 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第五段“Many people in Italy aren't regardful about calories because they usually stop eating when they are full. Italians, also lead active lifestyle, with lots of bike riding or walking, mostly in urban areas. Moreover, they usually satisfy a sweet tooth with fruits instead of sweet desserts.(许多意大利人不在意卡路里，因为他们通常吃饱了就会停止进食。意大利人 的生活方式也很活跃，他们经常骑自行车或步行，大部分在城市地区。此外，他们通常用水 果来满足爱吃甜食的人，而不是甜点。)”可知本段内容讲述了意大利人健康的饮食习惯与生 活方式，他们虽然吃高脂肪的食物，但是会控制吃的量，并且吃完以后还会进行一些消耗运 动，所以可推知他们并不在意高脂肪食物中的卡路里，由此可推知 regardful 意为“关注，在 意”，故选 A 项。 【15 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Cooking at home and avoiding restaurant food are some of the reasons why Italians don't get fat. (在家做饭和不吃餐馆的食物是意大利人不会长胖的部分原 因。)”可知意大利人喜欢在家做饭，不喜欢到饭店吃食物，所以他们不会长胖的原因是很少 到外面吃饭。故选 A 项。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多 余选项. Quite simply, school trips are the journeys which take place outside a student's normal environment. ____16____ Educational trips are normally done in a museum or a historic place. They could provide a better understanding as the students would be able to make a connection between a place, time, or even people in history and something they've seen on a field trip. A trip to the zoo could provide a better understanding of animals. Biology is even better when there are proper animals to be named. ____17____ Teachers and headmasters are advised to give the students prizes and rewards for different accomplishments done on a field trip. Planetariums(天文馆) could help students remember constellations (星座) better. ____18____ Planetariums could help them see that the earth is just a small planet in the universe and that there is no reason not to explore. If you are a teacher and you 're lucky, you may have taken the next greatest astronaut to the planetarium on a school trip. ____19____ Also they could help them see that there are so many living things that depend on them and how they can take care of nature. Children are very easily inspired. ____20____ Therefore, it is necessary for teachers to often take their students to field trips, where they can have fun learning. A. Make sure that these trips are interesting. B. The importance of school trips can't be ignored. C. A school trip is done mostly for educational purposes. D. So it's best to instill in them good characters and education. E. Games like naming animals could provide hours of fun and education. F. School trips to farms could help students understand the value of nature. G. They could also help students imagine how far the sun is from the earth. 【答案】16. C 17. E 18. G 19. F 20. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学校旅行经常会去的地点以及带来的好处。 【16 题详解】 根据上文“Quite simply, school trips are the journeys which take place outside a student's normal environment.”（简言之，学校旅行就是发生在学生正常环境之外的旅行。）和下文“Educational trips are normally done in a museum or a historic place. They could provide a better understanding as the students would be able to make a connection between a place, time, or even people in history and something they've seen on a field trip.”（教育之旅通常在博物馆或历史名胜进行。 他们可以提供更好的理解，因为学生将能够建立一个地点，时间，甚至历史上的人与他们在 实地考察中看到的东西之间的联系。）可知，空处承上启下，说明了学校旅行的目的。C 项： A school trip is done mostly for educational purposes.（学校旅行主要是为了教育目的。）符合 语境。故选 C。 【17 题详解】 根据下文本段主题句“A trip to the zoo could provide a better understanding of animals.”（去动物 园旅行可以让人们更好地了解动物。）和上文“Biology is even better when there are proper animals to be named.”（如果有合适的动物可以命名，生物学就更好了。）可知，本段讲述的 学校旅行目的地和动物园相关。E 项：Games like naming animals could provide hours of fun and education.（像给动物命名这样的游戏可以提供几个小时的乐趣和教育。）符合语境。故选 E。 【18 题详解】 根据上文“Planetariums could help students remember constellations better.”（天文馆可以帮助学 生更好地记忆星座。）可知，本段主要说明去天文馆进行学校旅行的好处。G 项：They could also help students imagine how far the sun is from the earth.（他们也可以帮助学生想象太阳离 地球有多远。）符合语境。故选 G。 【19 题详解】 空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Also they could help them see that there are so many living things that depend on them and how they can take care of nature.”（他们也可以帮助他们看到有这么多 的生物，依靠他们和他们如何能照顾自然。）可知，F 项中的“the value of nature”和“take care of nature”对应。F 项：School trips to farms could help students understand the value of nature. （学校去农场旅行可以帮助学生理解自然的价值。）符合语境。故选 F。 【20 题详解】 根据上文“Children are very easily inspired.”（孩子们很容易受到启发。）可知，下文与之构成 因果关系，因为孩子们能受到启发，因此最好是向他们灌输良好的品格和教育。D 项符合语 境。故选 D。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填 入空白 处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 How much do you know about athletes? Many people regard watching sports games as a form of ____21____. But for athletes, they are challenging the ____22____ of human beings and breaking boundaries. Intensive training is a task which they do every day as a matter of ____23____. On May 6, 1954, Roger Bannister, who ran a mile in 3 minutes, 59.4 seconds, ____24____ the whole world’s attention. People believed that it was ____25____ imagination for a person to run a mile within 4 minutes. Bannister made a（n） ____26____ in what people believed was impossible. In the years since, more and more athletes have overcome the four—minute—mile ____27____. Today, the record—held by Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco since July 7, 1999—____28____ at 3 minutes and 43. 13 seconds! Records are ____29____ at a lower and lower rate in both running and other fields. When new records are set, they're changed by a small proportion of a（n） _____30_____ . The decimal point（小数点）,set at one- tenth of a second for Bannister's record, now _____31_____ one-hundredth of a second. _____32_____, we'll have to go to a third decimal place, and then a fourth. The closer athletes get to being _____33_____, the harder it is to make improvements. Even though they are _____34_____ the best performances of human beings, excellent athletes can still _____35_____ proportions of seconds off existing records. They have a real _____36_____ to break records. The gaps between new and old records decrease _____37_____. Athletes are getting closer and closer to physiological _____38_____ performances all the time. It will be tougher and tougher _____39_____. However, excellent athletes never _____40_____ trying. 21. A. attention B. contribution C. recreation D. communication 22. A. beliefs B. rights C. strengths D. limits 23. A. routine B. situation C. experience D. opinion 24. A. required B. avoided C. attracted D. disturbed 25. A. beyond B. within C. from D. by 26. A. cut B. division C. involvement D. breakthrough 27. A. difference B. barrier C. habit D. fear 28. A. aims B. shoots C. works D. stands 29. A. updated B. held C. checked D. established 30. A. minute B. hour C. second D. day 31. A. contains B. measures C. means D. covers 32. A. Instead B. Soon C. Meanwhile D. Besides 33. A. honest B. strong C. perfect D. ordinary 34. A. assessing B. affecting C. expecting D. approaching 35. A. shave B. keep C. pay D. knock 36. A. history B. struggle C. change D. inspiration 37. A. quickly B. finally C. normally D. gradually 38. A. satisfactory B. peak C. consistent D. fair 39. A. making sense B. taking effect C. making progress D. losing heart 40. A. stop B. remember C. start D. suggest 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人把观看体育比赛看作是一种娱乐方式，但对于运动 员来说，体育运动是在挑战人类的极限，打破界限。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人把观看体育比赛看作是一种娱乐方式。A. attention 注意力； B. contribution 贡献；C. recreation 娱乐，消遣；D. communication 交流。根据下文“But for athletes, they are challenging”可知，相比于运动员，大多数人把体育比赛堪称是娱乐方式。 故选 C。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但对于运动员来说，他们是在挑战人类的极限，打破界限。A. beliefs 信念；B. rights 权力；C. strengths 优势，长处；D. limits 限制。根据“breaking boundaries” 可知，此处表示挑战人类的极限。故选 D。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：强化训练是他们每天例行公事的一项任务。A. routine 例行公事； B. situation 情况；C. experience 经验，经历；D. opinion 观点。根据“which they do every day” 可知，对于运动员来说强化训练是例行公事。故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1954 年 5 月 6 日，罗杰·班尼斯特以 3 分 59.4 秒的成绩跑完一 英里，吸引了全世界的目光。A. required 要求；B. avoided 避免；C. attracted 吸引；D. disturbed 打扰。根据“On May 6, 1954, Roger Bannister, who ran a mile in 3 minutes, 59.4 seconds”可知，罗杰·班尼斯特以 3 分 59.4 秒的成绩跑完一英里，吸引了全世界的目光。 attract one’ s attention 为固定短语，意为“吸引某人注意”。故选 C。 【25 题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：人们认为一个人在 4 分钟内跑一英里是难以想象的。A. beyond 超越；B. within 在……之内；C. from 来自；D. by 靠，通过。Beyond imagination 为固定短 语，意为“难以想象”，根据“run a mile within 4 minutes.”可知，在 4 分钟之内跑完一英 里这样的速度超出了人们的想象。故选 A。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：班尼斯特在人们认为不可能的事情上取得了突破。A. cut 切口； B. division 分开，分配；C. involvement 参与，牵连；D. breakthrough 突破。根据“what people believed was impossible”可知，人们认为这件事不可能发生，他却做到了，因此此处表示取 得了突破。故选 D。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，越来越多的运动员突破了 4 分钟一英里的障碍。A. difference 不同，差别；B. barrier 障碍；C. habit 习惯；D. fear 害怕。根据“Bannister made a breakthrough”可知，对于许多人来说达到这样的速度是一个障碍。故选 B。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，摩洛哥的 Hicham El Guerrouj 自 1999 年 7 月 7 日以来保 持的世界纪录是 3 分 43 秒 13 ! A. aims 旨在，瞄准；B. shoots 射击，发射；C. works 工作， 运转；D. stands 站立，忍受。根据“at 3 minutes and 43. 13 seconds!”可知，此处表示 Hicham El Guerrouj 一直保持着记录。故选 D。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在跑步和其他领域，记录的更新速度越来越慢。A. updated 更新； B. held 举办；C. checked 检查；D. established 建立。根据下文“When new records are set, they're changed by a small proportion of a second.”（当新的记录被设定时，它们只会在一小部分秒 内发生改变。）可知，记录更新的速度很慢。故选 A。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当新的记录被设定时，它们只会在一小部分秒内发生改变。A. minute 分钟；B. hour 小时；C. second 秒；D. day 白天。根据下文“set at one- tenth of a second” 可知，此处是信息词“second”的词汇复现。故选 C。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据班尼斯特的记录，小数点设定在十分之一秒，现在是百分之 一秒。A. contains 包含；B. measures 衡量；C. means 意味着；D. covers 覆盖。根据“set” 此处表示衡量的标准现在是百分之一秒。故选 B。 【32 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：很快，我们要到小数点后第三位，然后是第四位。A. Instead 代 替，反而；B. Soon 不久；C. Meanwhile 与此同时；D. Besides 此外。上文提到“now measures one-hundredth of a second. ”，下文提到“go to a third decimal place, and then a fourth.”可知， 这个变化的过程很快。故选 B。 【33 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：运动员越接近完美，进步就越困难。A. honest 诚实的；B. strong 强壮的；C. perfect 完美的；D. ordinary 普通的，平常的。根据下文“the best performances of human beings”可知，此处表示接近完美。故选 C。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使他们的表现接近人类的最佳水平，优秀的运动员仍然可以将 现有记录缩短几秒。A. assessing 评价；B. affecting 影响；C. expecting 期待；D. approaching 接近。根据上文“The closer athletes get to being perfect”可知，此处表示接近最佳水平。 故选 D。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使他们的表现接近人类的最佳水平，优秀的运动员仍然可以将 现有记录缩短几秒。A. shave（少量的）削减，掠过，擦过；B. keep 保持；C. pay 支付；D. knock 敲，打。此优秀的运动员仍然可以将现有记录缩短几秒。故选 A。 【36 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们为打破纪录而奋斗。A. history 历史；B. struggle 斗争，奋斗； C. change 变化；D. inspiration 灵感，启发灵感的人或事。根据“break records”可知，运动 员一直为打破记录而奋斗。故选 B。 【37 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：新记录与旧记录之间的差距逐渐缩小。A. quickly 迅速地；B. finally 最终；C. normally 正常地；D. gradually 逐渐地。经过不断地努力，新旧记录之间地差距逐 渐减少。故选 D。 【38 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：运动员在生理上的巅峰表现无时无刻不在离他们越来越近。A. satisfactory 令人满意的；B. peak 最高的，最大值的；C. consistent 坚持的，始终如一的，一 致的；D. fair 公平的。运动员一直在接近自己生理上地巅峰表现。故选 B。 【39 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：将越来越难取得进展。A. making sense 有意义，合理；B. taking effect 起作用，见效；C. making progress 取得进步；D. losing heart 失去信心。根据“tougher and tougher”可知，运动员越接近巅峰表现，想要取得进步就越难。故选 C。 【40 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，优秀的运动员从不停止尝试。A. stop 停止；B. remember 记得；C. start 开始；D. suggest 建议。上文提到“很难取得进步”，however 前后为转折关 系，此处表示“从来不会停止尝试”。故选 A。 第 II 卷 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 According to a new research, humans' attention time is getting shorter and it's all because of technology. "We move quickly from one site ____41____ another on the website,” says Dr. Ted Selker, a computer scientist from Massachusetts." And we are losing the ____42____ (able) to concentrate." With millions of websites to choose from, the attention time of the average Internet users ____43____ (be) just seconds. Some people are worried about it."You need time ____44____ (understand) and think about what you read," says Julia Wood, from London." Young people search online all the time and their brains become full of useless information but there is no time to ____45____ （true） make sense of it." To improve her students' concentration, Julia plays music during her science lessons. "It has amazing effects. The music made them ____46____ （calm）, and their concentration was much better," said Julia. But not everyone believes there is a problem. Ray Cole, ____47____ is an educational psychologist, says, “On the website, young people learn to make quick decisions about what is and isn't worth ____48____ （read）. They might look at five unhelpful websites very quickly, before stopping and reading a ____49____ （six） useful website more carefully. With so much information available, this is ____50____ important skill." 【答案】41. to 42. ability 43. is 44. to understand 45. truly 46. calmer 47. who 48. reading 49. sixth 50. an 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。根据一项新的研究，由于科技而导致人类的注意力时间越来越短，不同的 人群对此的看法褒贬不一，文章论述了人们对此不同的看法。 【41 题详解】 考查介词。句意：马萨诸塞州的计算机科学家 Ted Selker 博士说:“我们在网络上快速地从一 个网站移动到另一个网站。”根据句意及介词 from 可知此处使用的是固定搭配“from...to”表 示“从......到......”符合句意，故填 to。 【42 题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们正在失去集中注意力的能力。根据定冠词 the 可知，此处应填入名词 作宾语，able 的名词为 ability(能力)，不可数名词，故填 ability。 【43 题详解】 考查主谓一致。句意：数以百万计的网站可供选择，平均每个网民的注意力时间只有几秒钟。 分析句子结合句意可知句子缺少谓语动词，主语是 the attention time (注意力时间)，为不可 数名词，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词用单数；结合语境和句意描述客观事实可知，时态为 一般现在时，故填 is。 【44 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“你需要时间去理解和思考你所阅读的内容。”来自伦敦的茱莉亚• 伍德说。分析句子可知谓语为 need，understand 应使用非谓语动词形式，根据句意“需要时 间做某事”可知此处应用动词不定式 to understand，作宾补，故填 to understand。 【45 题详解】 考查副词。句意：“年轻人总是在网上搜索，他们的大脑中充满了无用的信息，但他们没有 时间去真正搞清这些信息的意义。”根据句意及动词 make 可知此处应使用副词作状语，修 饰动作，故填 turly。 【46 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：音乐使他们更平静，注意力也更集中了。根据“much better”可知 此处也应使用形容词比较级，表示“更平静”，故填 calmer。 【47 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：教育心理学家雷·科尔说:“在网站上，年轻人学会了迅速决定哪些书值 得读，哪些书不值得读。”分析句子可知此处包含一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为 Ray Cole， 指人，从句缺少主语，所以应用关系代词 who 引导该从句，代替先行词作从句的主语，故 填 who。 【48 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：教育心理学家雷·科尔说:“在网站上，年轻人学会了迅速决定哪些书 值得读，哪些书不值得读。”根据 is and isn't worth 可知此处应用“be(not) worth doing sth”表 示“（不）值得做某事”，所以应填入动名词形式 reading 作宾语，故填 reading。 【49 题详解】 考查序数词。句意：在停下来仔细阅读第六个有用的网站之前，他们可能会很快浏览五个没 有帮助的网站。根据任何一个第几者，用 “ a +序数词”，故填 sixth。 【50 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：有了这么多信息，这是一项重要的技能。名词 skill 为单数形式，结合句 意可知此处表示泛指“一项重要的技能 ”，important 为元音发音开头，所以应使用不定冠词 an 修饰，故填 an。 第四部分写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 I 分，满分 10 分） 51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中 共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 With the development of the Internet, we have a new place which we can enjoy ourselves, finding information and communicate with others. Some people think the Internet will take place of the traditional library in the future. Surely enough, the Internet brings great convenient to our life. It is much easy to find a book we need with the search engine than before. In my opinion, libraries create a better atmosphere for studying. With all the students absorbing in their studies, I can concentrate on my books. Beside, reading books give me a different taste and a better experience. So I would rather to use libraries more frequently. 【答案】1. which→where 2. finding→find 3. take 后加 the 4. Surely→Sure 5. convenient→convenience 6. easy→easier 7. absorbing→absorbed 8. Beside→Besides 9. give→gives 10.删除 to 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了在互联网快速发展的时代，图书馆仍然发挥着无可替代的作用。 【详解】1. 考查定语从句。句意：随着互联网的发展，我们有了一个新的地方，在那里我 们可以开心地玩，寻找信息和与他人交流。分析句子可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为 a new place，并在句中作状语，应用关系副词 where 引导。故将 which 改为 where。 2. 考查动词。句意：随着互联网的发展，我们有了一个新的地方，在那里我们可以开心地 玩，寻找信息和与他人交流。分析句子结构，从句用 and 连接的 3 个并列的谓语，由上文的 can enjoy 和下文的 communicate，可知此处应用动词原形。故将 finding 改为 find。 3. 考查定冠词。句意：有些人认为在未来互联网会取代传统的图书馆。take the place of 为 固定短语，意为“取代......”。故在 take 后加 the。 4. 考查形容词。句意：当然，互联网给我们的生活带来了极大的方便。sure enough 固定搭 配，意为“果真，当然”，enough 在此作名词，应用形容词修饰。故将 Surely 改为 Sure。 5. 考查名词。句意：当然，互联网给我们的生活带来了极大的方便。bring convenience to sb. 为固定短语，意为“给某人带来便利”，应用名词作 bring 的宾语，convenience“便利”，抽象 名词，不可数。故将 convenient 改为 convenience。 6. 考查形容词的比较级。句意：现在用搜索引擎比以前更容易找到我们需要的书。根据 much 和后文的 than 可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故将 easy 改为 easier。 7. 考查动词。句意：所有的学生都在专心致志地学习，我可以集中精力看书了。be absorbed in sth. 为固定短语，意为“专注于某物”，分析句子结构，此处为 with 的复合结构，应用“with+ 宾语+过去分词形式”作状语。故将 absorbing 改为 absorbed。 8. 考查副词。句意：此外，读书给了我不同的品味和更好的体验。分析句子可知，besides 在此作副词，意为“此外;以及”，在句中作状语。而 beside 是介词，有两个意思，“在…旁边” 和“与…相比”，不符合文意。故将 Beside 改为 Besides。 9. 考查主谓一致。句意：此外，读书给了我不同的品味和更好的体验。主语为 reading books， 即“读书这件事”，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，且本文为一般现在时。故将 give 改为 gives。 10. 考查固定短语。所以我宁愿更频繁地使用图书馆。would rather 意为“宁愿、宁可、更、 最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形，would rather do “宁愿做......”。故将 to 删掉。 【点睛】 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 52. 上周六你校组织英语俱乐部成员去市博物馆观看了中国绘画艺术展。请你用英语写一 篇新闻报道，内容包括： 1.活动的时间和地点； 2.展览的内容； 3.你的感受。 注意：1.词数 100 左右。 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【答案】A visit to City Museum Last Saturday, the members of our School’s English club went to the City Museum, located in the downtown area of our city to appreciate a large picture exhibition of our rich local culture. During the visit, a large number of Chinese paintings are on show, all of which are the works of famous Chinese painters. They’re all typical Chinese paintings with nature as their main theme. Besides, we watched a video about the achievements we’ve made in the last few centuries. All the students were all amazed at our colorful culture, saying that this visit was really a cultural feast. The visit was a great success. It not only enriched our life, but also helped us learn more about Chinese painting culture. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇新闻报道，介绍去市博物馆观看了中国绘画艺术 展这个活动。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时。 结构：总分法 总分法是指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1.说明活动的时间和地点； 2.介绍展览的内容； 3.表达自己的感受。 第二步：列提纲（重点词组） located in；a large number of；on show；make achievements；in the last few centuries；be amazed at；not only…but also…；enrich one’s life；help sb. do sth.；learn about 第三步：连词成句 1.Last Saturday, the members of our School’s English club went to the City Museum, located in the downtown area of our city to appreciate a large picture exhibition of our rich local culture. 2.During the visit, a large number of Chinese paintings are on show, all of which are the works of famous Chinese painters. 3.They’re all typical Chinese paintings with nature as their main theme. 4.We watched a video about the achievements we’ve made in the last few centuries. 5.All the students were all amazed at our colorful culture, saying that this visit was really a cultural feast. 6.The visit was a great success. 7.It not only enriched our life, but also helped us learn more about Chinese painting culture. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态的问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 表并列补充关系：Besides 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】[高分句型 1] During the visit, a large number of Chinese paintings are on show, all of which are the works of famous Chinese painters.（which 引导非限制性定语从句） [高分句型 2] Besides, we watched a video about the achievements we’ve made in the last few centuries.（we’ve made 为省略了 that 的定语从句） [高分句型 3] All the students were all amazed at our colorful culture, saying that this visit was really a cultural feast.（saying 为现在分词作状语，that 引导宾语从句）