2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit2Robots同步练习 人教版选修7

2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit2Robots同步练习 人教版选修7

‎ Unit 2 Robots 一、语基必备知识 ‎ (一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 ‎1．household adj.　　　 家庭的；家用的 n. 一家人；家庭 ‎2．fiction n. 小说；虚构或想象出来的事 ‎3．bonus n. 额外津贴；奖金；红利 ‎4．affection n. 喜爱；爱；感情 ‎5．scan vt. 细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描 ‎6．grand adj. 大的；豪华的；雄伟的 ‎7．absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 ‎8．cushion n. (坐、跪时用的)软垫；靠垫；垫子 ‎9．necklace n. 项链 ‎10．counter n. 柜台；计数器 ‎11．cuisine n. 烹饪(风味)；菜肴 ‎12．overweight adj. 超重的；体重超常的 ‎13．awful adj. 极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的 ‎14．biography n. (由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学 ‎15．theoretical adj. 理论(上)的；假设的 ‎16．mailbox n. 〈美〉邮筒；信箱 ‎17．digital adj. 数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的 ‎18．elegant adj. 优雅的；高雅的；讲究的 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．desire n. 渴望；欲望；渴求 vt. 希望得到；想要 ‎2．envy vt. 忌妒；羡慕 ‎3．divorce n. 离婚；断绝关系 vt. 与……离婚；与……脱离 ‎4．bound adj. 一定的；密切相关的 22‎ ‎5．parttime adj. 兼职的 ‎6．junior adj. 较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的 n. 年少者；晚辈；等级较低者 ‎7．sympathy n. 同情(心)‎ ‎8．staff n. 全体员工；手杖 ‎9．clerk n. 售货员；职员；旅馆接待员 ‎10．navy n. 海军；海军部队 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．satisfy vt.使满足；使满意→satisfying/satisfactory adj.令人满意的→satisfied adj.满意的→satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物 ‎2．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐 n．警报；惊恐→alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的→alarming adj.令人惊恐的 ‎3．declare vt.宣布；声明→declaration n．宣言；公布 ‎4．receive v．接收；收到→receiver n．收件人；电话听筒 ‎5．talent n．天才；特殊能力；才干→talented adj.有才干的；有才能的 ‎6．obey vt.& vi.服从；顺从→disobey vt.& vi.不服从；违抗 ‎7．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏→company n．陪伴；伴随；公司→companion n．伙伴；伴侣；同伴 ‎8．favour n．喜爱；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的 ‎1.over前缀词全接触 ‎①overweight adj.　　 超重的 ‎②overload vt. 超载 ‎③overvalue vt. 高估 ‎④overwork vi. 过度工作 ‎⑤overuse vt. 过度使用 ‎2.“婚姻”词汇知多少 ‎①divorce n．　　　　　　 离婚 ‎②marry v. 结婚 22‎ ‎③marriage n. 婚姻 ‎④wedding n. 婚礼 ‎⑤bridegroom n. 新郎 ‎⑥bride n. 新娘 ‎3.“一字母之差”的单词一览 ‎①affect v．影响→effect n．影响；作用 ‎②fellow n．家伙→follow v．跟随 ‎③willow n．垂柳→pillow n．枕头 ‎④weep v．哭泣→peep v．窥视 ‎⑤will n．意愿→fill v．填充 ‎ (二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．in__all　　　　　　 一共；总计 ‎2．test__out 考验出；检验完 ‎3．ring__up 给……打电话 ‎4．turn__around 转身；翻转 ‎5．set__aside 将……放在一边 ‎6．reach__for 伸手去够 ‎7．or__rather 更确切地说 ‎8．leave...alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着 ‎9．be__bound__to 一定做……‎ ‎10．in__favour__of__ 支持；赞成 ‎1.这个电话怎么打？‎ ‎①ring up　　　　　　　　 给……打电话 ‎ ②call/telephone sb. 给某人打电话 ‎③give sb. a call/ring 给某人打个电话 ‎④make a phone call 打个电话 ‎⑤call back 回电话 ‎⑥hang up 挂断电话 ‎⑦hold on 别挂电话 ‎2．“一共；总计”的相关表达 ‎①in all　　　一共；合计；总计　②in total　 　　总共；合计；总计 ‎③all together 总共；一起 ④altogether adv. 总共；完全地 22‎ ‎3．“or”相关短语全接触 ‎①or so　　　大约；上下　　②or else　　　　否则；要不然 ‎③or rather 更确切地说 ④either...or... 要么……要么……‎ ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：more...than...与其说……倒不如说……‎ His name was Tony and he seemed more__like__a__human__than__a__machine．‎ 他的名字叫托尼，他看起来与其说像一台机器倒不如说像一个人。‎ 句型2：it作形式主语的主语从句 It__was__disturbing__and__frightening__that he looked so human.‎ 机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。‎ 句型3：方位或时间副词位于句首时的完全倒装 As she turned around, there__stood Gladys Claffern. ‎ 她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。‎ 句型4：what感叹句 What__a__sweet__victory to be envied by those women!‎ 受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利啊！‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As to presents, I propose that you should choose some with New Zealand features, which is bound(一定的) to win your friend’s affection.‎ ‎2．On seeing that the famous actress came onto the stage with her boyfriend accompanying(陪伴) her, all the fans burst out screaming.‎ ‎3．To be a popular student, we must show our respect, concern and sympathy(同情) for others.‎ ‎4．She would like to find a parttime(兼职的) job to support his large family.‎ ‎5．I feel great sympathy for the little girl whose parents got divorced(divorce) three years ago.‎ 22‎ ‎6．Nowadays China is developing fast, which is envied(envy) by other countries.‎ Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义 ‎1．(2019·天津卷阅读B)There was not one night that I don’t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside.I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.优雅的，高雅的 ‎2．(2018·浙江卷6月阅读A)Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.小说 ‎3．(2017·天津卷阅读B)Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. 扫描 ‎4．(2017·天津卷阅读A)After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel awful.糟糕的；可怕的 Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．To the satisfaction of the boss, his products could satisfy the needs of the customers.(satisfy)‎ ‎2．I was very alarmed to hear the alarming news that another bombing had hit London.(alarm)‎ ‎3．Everybody said Jane was a talented girl because she did well in all her subjects and had a talent for singing, dancing and drawing.(talent)‎ ‎4．The old blind man asked me to do him a favour and find his favourite book.(favour)‎ ‎5．Tom had a deep affection for his grandfather，so he was deeply affected by his grandfather’s death.(affect)‎ Ⅳ.选词成篇 be bound to; take the place of; in favour of; leave...alone; set aside With the number of the elderly over 60 increasing，here comes an aging society in China.That’s a serious problem we are facing. As the young generation，we should 1.set__aside some time to accompany them rather than 2.leave them alone. However，it is obvious that we won’t have enough time to keep them company. With the development of science and technology, more and more intelligent robots are being used in industrial fields, 3.taking__the__place__of humans to do many dangerous tasks.Robots 4.are__bound__to bring us much convenience, but they can’t replace humans ‎ 22‎ in all aspects of our life. As far as I’m concerned, I am 5.in__favour__of developing new household robots.‎ Ⅴ.完成句子 ‎1．听到这个消息，与其说那位老教授生气了，还不如说他感到遗憾。‎ The old professor was more__sorry__than__angry when he heard the news.‎ ‎2．曾经被毁坏的地方现在已经变成了一所充满生机的美丽的学校，这真是令人惊叹。‎ It’s__really__amazing__that the onceruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school, full of life.‎ ‎3．我们的图书馆位于校中心。‎ In the center of our school lies__our__library．‎ ‎4．看！男孩们正在操场上玩耍。多么热烈的场景啊！‎ Look！The boys are playing on the playground. What__a__warm__scene__it__is!‎ ‎ desire　n．渴望；欲望；渴求　vt.希望得到；想要 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①This photo reminds us that we all appreciate beauty and that we all share a common desire for pleasure.‎ ‎②We desire that immediate help (should)__be__given(give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(2018·北京卷书面表达)既然你渴望学习中国文化，我认为北京语言大学是你的理想去处。‎ ‎③Now__that__you__have__a__desire__to__learn__Chinese__culture,__I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.(desire n．)‎ ‎④Since__you__desire__to__learn__Chinese__culture,__I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.(desire vt.)‎ ‎(1)have a (strong)desire　　　　 (迫切)想要做某事 ‎ (强烈)渴望得到某物)‎ ‎(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire that...(should) do sth.‎ ‎ 想要……做某事 22‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Learning that you have shown great talent in designing robots, here I desire to invite you to join.　得知你在设计机器人方面颇有天赋，我很想邀请你前来参加。(2018·天津卷书面表达)‎ ‎ favour　n．喜爱；恩惠；帮忙；优惠　vt.喜爱；偏袒 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·天津卷)Opportunity favors(favor) those with a curious mind.‎ ‎②Our products have good fame at home and abroad, deeply favoured(favour) by customers.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎③(普通表达)I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to help me.(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ ‎(高级表达)I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do__me__a__favour．‎ ‎(1)ask sb. a favour　　　 请某人帮忙 do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙 owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个情 ‎(2)in favour of 同意；支持；优先选择 in one’s favour 有利于某人 ‎[佳句背诵] ①The manager was surprised to learn that the people present at the meeting were not in favour of the plan.‎ 经理得知出席会议的人不支持这一计划很吃惊。‎ ‎②The favour of a drop of water has been rewarded with the gratitude of a fountain of water.‎ 受人滴水之恩，当以涌泉相报。‎ ‎ alarm　vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动　n．警报；惊恐；闹钟 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①On hearing the scream, he jumped up in alarm.‎ ‎②The firemen were__alarmed(alarm) at the big fire they had never seen before.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)I was on my way to the bookstore when a girl was knocked down by a passing car, and it frightened me.‎ ‎(高级表达)I was on my way to the bookstore when a girl was knocked down by a ‎ 22‎ passing car, which__made__me__alarmed/which__alarmed__me．(which引导定语从句)‎ ‎(1)in alarm　　　　　 惊恐地 ‎(2)alarmed adj. 担心的；害怕的 be/get alarmed at/by/about ‎ 对……惊恐/担心 ‎(3)alarming adj. 令人惊恐的 ‎[佳句背诵] There is nothing to get alarmed at/about for it is common in our daily life.　没有什么可害怕的，因为这在我们日常生活中是常见的。‎ ‎ accompany　vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)For another, I have accumulated related experience by working parttime in a travel agency, accompanying(accompany) some foreign tourists.‎ ‎②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied(accompany) by the touching words.‎ ‎③While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her on the piano.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④因为在节日时无人陪伴，这位老太太感到孤独。‎ With__nobody__accompanying__her__during__the__festival,__the old lady felt lonely.(with复合结构)‎ ‎(1)accompany sb.＝keep sb. company ‎　　　　　　　　　 陪伴某人 accompany sb. to someplace ‎ 陪伴某人到某地 accompany sb. on＋乐器 用某种乐器为某人 ‎ 伴奏 ‎(2)companion n. 同伴；伙伴 ‎[佳句背诵] We did a lot for the elderly at the nursing home, cleaning their rooms，washing clothes for them and accompanying them, which made them very happy.　在敬老院我们为老人做了许多事情，打扫房间、洗衣服、陪伴他们，这使他们非常高兴。(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ 22‎ ‎ declare　vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ‎①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.‎ ‎②In 1972, President Richard Nixon declared the third Sunday of June every year to__be(be) Father’s Day in America.‎ ‎③In September 1939, Britain declared__war__on__Germany(向德国宣战) after Germany invaded Poland.‎ declare sb./sth. to be　　 宣布某人/某事……‎ declare for/against 宣布赞成/反对……‎ declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战 declare sth. open/closed 宣布……开始/结束 ‎[佳句背诵] Li Ping, my best friend, should declare against my suggestion at the meeting.　 我最好的朋友李萍竟然在会议上宣布反对我的建议。‎ ‎ leave...alone　不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①We tried to be friendly, but his attitude showed that he wanted to be left alone．‎ ‎②I wonder why they left aside such an important question.‎ ‎③The United Nations estimates that more than 900 million people move away for work, often leaving their children behind．‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇替换 ‎④We gathered at the school gate and left for the tourist attraction in high spirits.‎ We gathered at the school gate and set__off/out__for the tourist attraction in high spirits.‎ leave behind　　　 遗留；把……抛在后面 leave aside 搁置一边 leave for 动身到……‎ leave out 省略；遗漏 leave over 留下；剩下 ‎[佳句背诵] He’s in a bad mood right now.We’d better leave him alone.‎ 22‎ 他现在情绪很糟糕，我们最好不要打搅他。‎ ‎[联想发散] “动身去某地”表达荟萃：①leave__for；②set__out__for；③set__off__for．‎ 22‎ ‎ set aside　将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间) ‎ ‎[基础练习]——用set的相关短语填空 ‎①The school has set__up a special class to help those poor learners.‎ ‎②Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set__about preparing your business plan.‎ ‎③He will set__down all his important thoughts in his diary when they are fresh in his mind.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎④(普通表达)I sincerely hope you can save some time to join in our coming volleyball game.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ ‎(高级表达)I sincerely hope you can set__aside some time to join in our coming volleyball game.‎ set about (doing sth.)　 着手(做某事)‎ set out (to do sth.) 出发；开始(做某事)‎ set down 写下；放下 set off 动身；出发；引起；引爆 set up 建立 ‎[佳句背诵] I do hope you can set aside some time for our English speech contest and be a judge.‎ 我真的希望您能为我们这次英语演讲比赛抽出一点时间来并担任评委。‎ ‎ it作形式主语的主语从句 ‎(教材P11)It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.　机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.‎ ‎②It is a pity that you should miss such a good opportunity to broaden your view.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③很明显，中国的老龄化人口会对未来的整个社会造成很大的压力。‎ It’s__obvious__that__the__aging__population__in__China__will__cause__heavy 22‎ ‎__pressure__on the whole society in the future. (it作形式主语)‎ ‎ ‎　　it作形式主语的常用句式：‎ ‎(1)It is/was＋形容词(obvious, possible, strange, natural, important...)＋that从句 ‎(2)It is/was＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, a shame, an honour, no wonder...)＋that从句　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] It is important that everyone should learn to get along well with others in a new environment.‎ 在新的环境中学会和他人友好相处对每个人都很重要。‎ ‎ 方位或时间副词位于句首时的完全倒装 ‎(教材P11)As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.‎ 她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①The moment the bell rang, out rushed(rush) the children.‎ ‎②The Public Square is an eyecatching sight of the city. There stands(stand) a stone sculpture of a famous historical figure.‎ ‎③There stands(stand) an old tower dating back to the Tang Dynasty.‎ ‎[能力提升]——微写作 ‎④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)这是你所关心的餐桌礼仪。‎ Here__are__the__table__manners__that__you’re__concerned__about.‎ ‎(1)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here, there, now ，then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首，且主语是名词、谓语动词是不及物动词时，句子需用完全倒装。‎ ‎(2)此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Here are some relevant details about the English short film.‎ 这是关于这部英文短片的一些相关细节。(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)‎ ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers，had little desire to__change(change) the tradition.‎ ‎2．It is true that the earth’s resources are decreasing at an alarming(alarm) ‎ 22‎ rate, so we should make good use of them.‎ ‎3．(2017·北京卷书面表达)All the materials collected, those who are talented(talent) in computers undertook the task of designing and making the video.‎ ‎4．You don’t have to take his words seriously(serious), because he never keeps his word.‎ Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)‎ ‎1．Children are bound to__meet(meet) with setbacks as they grow up, so their parents don’t have to worry about it.‎ ‎2．What beautiful furniture you have got in your apartment! I am green with envy.‎ ‎3．My daughter showed a lot of sympathy for the people who were begging from the passing shoppers.‎ ‎4．When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage, her colleagues looked at her with envy.‎ ‎5．There are several people junior to me in my company，but I still show respect for them.‎ Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)‎ ‎1．The superstar showed up at the court, accompanying by his agent.accompanying→accompanied ‎2．He feels it dangerous for a girl to be out late at night so he won’t have his daughter arrive home late.arrive→arriving ‎3．With the company facing a serious financial problem this year, the staff are clear worried about the news of job losses.clear→clearly ‎4．These rules must to be obeyed by everybody as they are for the good of the whole school.删除to ‎5．He is an easygoing boy and all his classmates are satisfying with him.satisfying→satisfied ‎6．The boss used to be strict with his staffs, which made all of them nervous at seeing him.staffs→staff Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ完形)These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist.v.听上去；听起来 ‎2．(2017·北京卷)Of the two trips, I favour the former one. vt.偏爱，喜欢 ‎3．William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was ‎ 22‎ beginning to fail.vi.衰退 ‎4．Scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.vt.监测 提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)‎ Li Ming has been 1.desiring(desire) to be a writer, but his father wants him to become a doctor.Instead of 2.obeying(obey) his father, he has devoted all his time to reading and writing. He has 3.a talent for writing and always sets 4.aside some time for his hobby. 5.Accompanied(accompany) by his mother, he often goes to the bookstore where he 6.scans(scan) the books he likes.Though he is junior 7.to many people in some ways, he never gives up and he 8.has__won(win) a few composition contests in the past few years, causing many teenagers 9.to__envy(envy) his progress in writing. Of course, it’s too early 10.to__declare(declare) his efforts a success.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ 某英文报社Science栏目向中学生征文，主题为“未来家用机器人”。请你展开合理想象用英语写一篇文章投稿。‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)‎ ‎①尽管很难预测将来的家用机器人是什么样子，我想描述一下他们是多么的令人惊叹。‎ Though it is difficult to predict what__future__household__robots__might__be__like,__I’d__like__to__describe__how__amazing__they__are．‎ ‎②你会吃惊地发现他们更像人而不是机器。‎ You will be alarmed__to__find__that__they__will__be__more__like__humans_‎ ‎_than__machines．‎ ‎③有它们的帮助，你就可以摆脱所有家务活，比如洗衣、做饭和打扫。‎ With their help, you will__be__free__of__all__household__chores,__such as washing, cooking, and cleaning.‎ ‎④它们配备有智能计算机大脑，能帮你留出时间来进行户外锻炼。‎ Equipped with an intelligent computer brain, they will help you set__aside__some__time__for__outdoor__exercise．‎ ‎⑤当老人由这样的家用机器人在家陪伴时，也许老人就不会觉得孤独了。‎ When they__are__accompanied__by__such__household__robots at home, the elderly may not feel lonely.‎ 22‎ ‎⑥你一定会渴望得到这样神奇的家用机器人。‎ You__are__bound__to__have__a__desire__for__such__wonderful__household__robots.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑦用省略句式升级句⑤‎ When__accompanied__by__such__household__robots__at__home,__the__elderly__may__not__feel__lonely.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：more importantly, believe it or not)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Though it is difficult to predict what future household robots might be like, I’d like to describe how amazing they are.‎ You will be alarmed to find that they will be more like humans than machines. With their help, you will be free of all household chores, such as washing, cooking, and cleaning. More importantly, equipped with an intelligent computer brain, they will help you set aside some time for outdoor exercise. When accompanied by such household robots at home, the elderly may not feel lonely.‎ Believe it or not, you are bound to have a desire for such wonderful household robots.‎ ‎ (建议用时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·南昌二模)Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding applications as household help and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.‎ 22‎ A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversität(LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.‎ According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：“Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？” The participants were faced with a hypothetical(假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.‎ The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous(无名的) humans.‎ ‎“This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot，” says Paulus. “One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人不仅可以帮助人类执行危险的任务，现代智能机器人还能帮助人们处理日常生活问题。研究表明，将机器人过于人性化的尝试将对人产生困扰。‎ ‎1．What has become a concern about robots?‎ A．How to humanize them.‎ B．How to treat them in life.‎ C．How to use them effectively.‎ D．How to find more applications.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent”和第二段中的“have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles”可知，如何在生活中对待机器人已经成为人们担心的一个问题，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．In the study the participants probably have to decide ________．‎ 22‎ A．when to sacrifice a robot B．where to experience risks C．which robot to work with D．what robots should be like A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question：‘Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives？’”可知，该研究将要回答“在什么情况下成年人愿意牺牲机器人来拯救人类生命？”这一问题，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．What can be inferred from Paulus’ words?‎ A．Humanized robots offer less help to people.‎ B．Humanizing robots too much may be improper.‎ C．Certain moral status should be attached to robots.‎ D．Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后两句Paulus所说的话可知，Paulus认为，这一发现表明，使机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远。这些努力可能会与对机器人功能的预期(帮助人类)发生冲突。据此可知，Paulus认为机器人过于人性化可能不恰当，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Robots, a Must for Future B．Humanized Robots, a New Trend C．Robots Saved, People Take the Hit D．Humanized Robots Replace Human C　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要提出“过度将机器人人性化，将人的道德水准赋予机器人，将会使人受到困扰”这一观点，故C项最适合作本文标题。‎ ‎【难句分析】　The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it.‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句，句中的that引导宾语从句，作及物动词suggested的宾语；“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……就越……”。‎ 译文：研究表明，机器人人性化越高，参与者越不可能牺牲它。‎ B ‎(2020·青岛质检)The long, white robot weighs more than 450 kilograms. Like other robots, it is equipped with cameras and mechanical arms to automatically perform many different jobs.‎ Angus is a major part of operations at Alexander’s indoor robot farm about 40 kilometers south of San Francisco. The 743squaremeter farm uses a hydroponic ‎ 22‎ system that grows plants without soil. The plants grow inside equipment that provides a continuous flow of water. The indoor farm uses electrical light instead of sunlight.‎ This kind of farm uses much less water and does not require human labor to run. The main job for Angus is to move thousands of plants around the farm, from small containers to larger ones as they grow. Angus also carries plants to another robot that does not have a name yet. Angus moves slowly to complete its work. But the robot is very strong and can lift about 300 kilograms.‎ For now, the farm uses humans to collect vegetables and other crops when they are ready. But Alexander says he is working on a robot that will eventually take over that job too.‎ Alexander helped start the company Iron Ox after leaving Google, where he worked on robotics at the company’s Google X project. He teamed up with another former Google employee, Jon Binney. Together they founded Iron Ox.‎ Iron Ox’s website says the hydroponic growing system uses 90 percent less water. It also says the growing method is up to 30 times more productive than growing crops on land.‎ Alexander says growing food robotically throughout the year in major cities will provide more consistent and fresh products. Most of the vegetables sold in the U．S. are grown in California, Arizona, Mexico and other nations. That means that many people in the U．S. cities are eating vegetables that are nearly a week old by the time they arrive at stores.‎ Indoor farms operate all year round and are not generally affected by bad weather. This will permit the company to provide a steady flow of goods without major price changes.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文介绍了新型机器人农场是如何运作的，具体包括其操作流程、优势以及未来发展方向。‎ ‎5．How does Angus work in the farm?‎ A．It provides a continuous flow of water for the plants.‎ B．It directs other robots to work in the farm.‎ C．It works on collecting vegetables.‎ D．It is in charge of transferring plants.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Angus also carries plants to another robot that does not have a name yet.”可知，‎ 22‎ 安格斯会把植物运送到另一个还没有名字的机器人那里。由此可知，安格斯负责搬运植物。故选D。‎ ‎6．What do we know about Alexander?‎ A．He used to work on robotics at Google.‎ B．He started a company studying robotics with Binney.‎ C．He works on collecting crops when they are ready.‎ D．He started Iron Ox by himself.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Alexander helped start the company Iron Ox after leaving Google, where he worked on robotics at the company’s Google X project.”可知，亚历山大离开谷歌之前致力于机器人制造项目。故选A。‎ ‎7．What’s the advantage of Alexander’s farm?‎ A．The vegetables from his farm sell at a higher price.‎ B．The vegetables from his farm are more nutritious.‎ C．It uses electrical light instead of sunlight.‎ D．It uses less water but produces more.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“the hydroponic growing system uses 90 percent less water. It also says the growing method is up to 30 times more productive than growing crops on land.”可知，亚历山大的农场的水栽种植系统所需的用水量比陆地种植少90%，而产量却是陆地上的庄稼产量的30倍。因此，这个农场的优点是用水更少，但产量更高。故选D。‎ ‎8．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Robot Farm, the Future of the Agriculture B．Robot Farm, Aiming to Bring Fresher Food to the U．S. Cities C．Alexander, an Extraordinary Scientist on Robotics D．Hydroponic System, the New Way of Farming B　解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了机器人农场及其优势等，且它旨在为更多的美国城市带来更新鲜的食物。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·福建三校联考)Everyone complains. Even if you argue that you are the happiest person in the world, you still complain sometimes. Sometimes you complain without even realizing it, but rarely is it ever helpful. 1.________ Here are some tips to stop complaining and give up the negative thoughts.‎ ‎2．________‎ When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or someone, stop and force yourself to say something positive instead. Seek the help 22‎ ‎ of a cheerful friend to change you when you complain and help you to see the positive in the situation.‎ Make a list of things you are grateful for.‎ You often complain about the things you don’t have without noticing those things you already have. Be grateful for what you have in your life because you are lucky simply for being yourselves. 3.________‎ Learn to adapt to the changes.‎ There are many things you can’t change. 4.________ Always find the positive side of each situation, regardless of however difficult the situation is. With parents’ and friends’ support, you can survive any life changes.‎ Allow yourself to vent(发泄) your feelings every once in a while.‎ Constantly ignoring negative thoughts could add up. If you are really going through a rough time, don’t be afraid to share your feelings with a close friend or a family member or see a therapist.‎ Find what makes you happy.‎ ‎5．________ Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career. Uncover what your biggest complaints are about and see if you can change the situation to make you happy. Choose happiness, focus on the positive, and be kind always!‎ A．Change the way you think.‎ B．Make friends with positive people.‎ C．The best and only thing you can do is to accept them.‎ D．Are you constantly complaining about your present job?‎ E．Sometimes this list can be easy, full of hobbies you enjoy.‎ F．So how can you manage to force yourselves to end complaining?‎ G．Set down things you are thankful for and you’ll see that you don’t have any reason to complain.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了停止抱怨的方法和策略。‎ ‎1．F　解析：根据下文“Here are some tips to stop complaining and give up the negative thoughts.”可知，空处应是表述如何停止抱怨，故选F。‎ ‎2．A　解析：根据文章结构及空处所在位置可知，空处为本段的标题。根据下文“When you find yourself thinking or saying a negative comment about something or someone, stop and force yourself to say something positive instead.”并结合对本段的整体理解可知，本段主要讲的是改变思考方式，故选A。‎ 22‎ ‎3．G　解析：根据本段的标题“Make a list of things you are grateful for.”并结合对本段的整体理解可推知，G选项“把你所感激的事情写下来，然后你就会发现没有理由抱怨了”符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎4．C　解析：根据上文“There are many things you can’t change.”，并结合下文“Always find the positive side of each situation, regardless of however difficult the situation is.”可知，在不能改变的情况下，接受并适应改变才是上策，与本段标题“Learn to adapt to the changes.”呼应，故选C。‎ ‎5．D　解析：根据下文“Maybe it is time to make the hard decision to move on to another job or career.”并结合本文的关键词complain可知，此处表示对自己的工作不满，故选D。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2020·武汉高三模拟)China has been selected to host the WorldSkills Competition in Shanghai in 2021—an event that it hopes to use for building a stronger team of skilled workers nationwide and to improve international 1.____________(exchange) in technical skills. Hosting the event will help guide the whole society 2.____________(respect) the spirit of skilled workmanship. It will also help create 3.____________ social atmosphere of respecting labor and admiring skills. China has 165 million skilled workers, including 47.9 million who are classed as highly skilled. They were first classified by the government in 2003. They 4.____________(include) as one of the major Statelevel talent groups along with theoretical scientists in 2015, 5.____________(mark) a significant rise in their social status.‎ China’s 6.____________(early) modern skills training can date back to the Qing Dynasty. It was in 1866 7.____________ the Foochow Shipbuilding Institution in Fujian Province was established. In 1978, the adoption of the reform and openingup policy highlighted a shortage of 8.____________(talent) technicians. As a result, the number of students at technical institutes rose sharply. More recently, technical education 9.____________(receive) greater support from the central government to help shape the nation’s producing power. Every year, more than 100 million people have access 10.____________ technical education and training.‎ ‎【解题导语】　世界技能大赛将于2021年在中国上海举行。本文介绍了它的重要作用和意义以及中国技术领域的相关情况。‎ ‎1．exchanges　解析：考查名词的单复数。此处表示改善在技术技能方面的国际交流，exchange在此处意为“交流”，为可数名词，且其前无限定词，故用名词复数。‎ ‎2．to respect 22‎ ‎　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：举办这样的赛事能帮助引导全社会去尊重高超工艺的精神。根据句意可知，此处应填动词不定式。‎ ‎3．a　解析：考查冠词。此处表示“一种社会氛围”，表泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，又因social的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。‎ ‎4．were included　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语“in 2015”可知，此处应用一般过去时；且动词include和主语They构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故填were included。‎ ‎5．marking　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词mark和其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故填其现在分词形式。‎ ‎6．earliest　解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：中国最早的现代技能培训可追溯到清朝。根据句意可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故填earliest。‎ ‎7．that　解析：考查强调句。本句为强调句结构“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分”，被强调的是时间状语“in 1866”。‎ ‎8．talented　解析：考查形容词。此处表示“有才能的技术员”，故用形容词talented“有才能的”修饰其后的名词technicians。‎ ‎9．has received　解析：考查时态。根据该句中的时间状语recently可知，此处应用现在完成时；且主语technical education为单数形式，故填has received。‎ ‎10．to　解析：考查介词。句意：每年，超过1亿人有机会接受技术教育和培训。have access to...意为“有接近……的机会”。‎ 22‎