2019届高考英语七选五阅读解题指导（4页word版）

2019届高考英语七选五阅读解题指导（4页word版）

‎2019届高考英语七选五阅读解题指导 一. 题型解读试题模式为：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”‎ 新题型七选五其实跟传统题型完形填空有相似之处，完形填空空出的是词，而七选五空出的是句子，但是他们的考察方式都是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共通之处。另外，从该题型给出的选项中我们可以发现一些特点：该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。‎ 另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。根据这些，我们总结一些关于七选五的做题方法供大家参考。‎ 二. 解题方法 ‎1. 先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其它选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。‎ ‎2. 再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。‎ ‎3. 注意代词或定冠词在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代。词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。‎ ‎4. 注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。‎ ‎5. 注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，as well as，neither nor，either or，not only...but also，on one hand....on the other hand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。‎ 三. 高考英语七选五真题集 ‎（一）新课标Ⅱ卷 A garden that's just right for you ‎ Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts?   1  . But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ‎ ‎●  17    ‎ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of ‎ color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)。   18  . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. ‎ ‎●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories ‎ Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma‟s rose garden and Dad‟s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that‟s not what‟s important   19 ---how being in those gardens made us feel. If you‟d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth    20  ,then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. ‎ A. Know why you garden ‎ B. Find a good place for your own garden ‎ C. It‟s our experience of the garden that matters ‎ D. It‟s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers ‎ E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants ‎ F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too ‎ G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have  ‎ ‎（二）北京卷 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.      71      Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.‎ The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.     72     As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.‎ So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.     73        ‎ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.      74     To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.‎ Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.‎ ‎    75    For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.‎ As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.‎ A. It all depends on your character.‎ B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.‎ C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.‎ D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.‎ E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.‎ F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.‎ G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.‎ ‎（三）四川卷 Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16  In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.‎ One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.   17  Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.‎ ‎18   They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men. ‎ ‎19    Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 20   A．However, women, on average, live longer. B .The biological factor plays an important part. C. Women are also helped by their female genes. D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way. E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities. F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life. G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.‎ ‎【1答案】16. F   17. A   18. E   19. C   20. G ‎18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。 ‎ ‎19.C 根据前句“......那些都不重要”可知划线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文串联。 ‎ ‎20.G 本部分介绍如果我们自己建一个花园，要回忆一下年轻的时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并把自己的计划变成美丽的花园。故G项与上文一致。‎ ‎【2答案与解析】本次七选五依然为常考的说明文，讲解了目前人类对于“追求冒险”的研究，“风险追求”与人脑关系以及“追求冒险”对人类的影响。文章结构清晰，整体难度适中，解题线索明显，考生应谨慎应对干扰项。‎ ‎71.【答案】F【解析】本题前一句讲到了“weigh the risk and reward”，衡量“风险与回报”，与选项 F“we are not using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards ”我们使用不同的参考标准衡量“风险与回报”相互呼应，所以答案选F。‎ ‎72.【答案】C【解析】本题前一句提到早期人类三种生存技能“hunting, fighting, exploring”与选项 C 擅长这些意味着更大的生存机会相呼应，“those things” 指代上文的三项技能，所以答案选 C。‎ ‎73.【答案】A【解析】本题前两句提到人类所发展形成的不同性格今天依然存在，以及前一句“你”有可能喜欢赛车，有可能不喜欢，这与选项 C“这都取决于你的性格”相呼应，所以答案选 A。‎ ‎74.【答案】E【解析】本题前一句提到了冒险的意愿在青春期增长，与选项 E“这是一个你离开家进入更广阔的世界的时期，”相呼应，所以答案选 E。‎ ‎75.【答案】G【解析】本题后一句“对于冒险，追求冒险的人大脑中与快乐相关的部分变得活跃，不喜欢冒险的人的大脑与恐惧相关的部分变得活跃”，与选项 G“我们的大脑以不同方式工作”相呼应，所以答案选 G。‎ ‎【3答案与解析】试题分析：女性比男性寿命长的原因。‎ ‎17. G 根据空格上句：男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同帮助女性寿命更长。可知此空的意思是：荷尔蒙是身体生产的控制各种身体功能的化学物质。故选G。‎ ‎18. D 根据下句：它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染。可知此空的意思是：女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。故选D。‎ ‎19. C 根据下句：科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响年龄，但是他们认为基因却是在影响年龄。可知上句：女性基因也在帮助女性。‎ ‎20. E 根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有一个比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有一个老化快的倾向。可知E项符合题意。“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”。故选E。‎